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Sharma R, Mittal A, Gupta V, Aggarwal NK. Production, purification and characterization of phytase from Pichia kudriavevii FSMP-Y17and its application in layers feed. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01492-x. [PMID: 39162933 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01492-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phytase, recognized for its ability to enhance the nutritional value of phytate-rich foods, has has gained significant prominence. The production of this enzyme has been significantly boosted while preserving economic efficiency by utilizing natural substrates and optimizing essential factors. This study focuses on optimizing phytase production through solid-state fermentation and evaluating its effectiveness in enhancing nutrient utilization in chicken diets. OBJECTIVE The objective is to optimize phytase production via solid-state fermentation, characterize purified phytase properties, and assess its impact on nutrient utilization in chicken diets. Through these objectives, we aim to deepen understanding of phytase's role in poultry nutrition and contribute to more efficient feed formulations for improved agricultural outcomes. METHODOLOGY We utilized solid-state fermentation with Pichia kudriavzevii FSMP-Y17 yeast on orange peel substrate, optimizing variables like temperature, pH, incubation time, and supplementing with glucose and ammonium sulfate. Following fermentation, we purified the phytase enzyme using standard techniques, characterizing its properties, including molecular weight, optimal temperature and pH, substrate affinity, and kinetic parameters. RESULTS The optimized conditions yielded a remarkable phytase yield of 7.0 U/gds. Following purification, the enzyme exhibited a molecular weight of 64 kDa and displayed optimal activity at 55 °C and pH 5.5, with kinetic parameters (Km = 3.39 × 10-3 M and a Vmax of 7.092 mM/min) indicating efficient substrate affinity. CONCLUSION The addition of purified phytase to chicken diets resulted in significant improvements in nutrient utilization and overall performance, including increased feed intake, improved feed conversion ratio, enhanced bird growth, better phosphorus retention, and improved egg production and quality. By addressing challenges associated with phytate-rich diets, such as reduced nutrient availability and environmental pollution, phytase utilization promotes animal welfare and sustainability in poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Arpana Mittal
- Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Varun Gupta
- Gobind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pant Nagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Neeraj K Aggarwal
- Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India.
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Lawal OT, Onuegbu C, Afe AE, Olopoda IA, Igbe FO, Ojo FM, Sanni DM. Biochemical characterization of purified phytase produced from Aspergillus awamori AFE1 associated with the gastrointestinal tract of longhorn beetle ( Cerambycidae latreille). Mycologia 2024; 116:477-486. [PMID: 38819952 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2350337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The need for industrially and biotechnologically significant enzymes, such as phytase, is expanding daily as a result of the increased use of these enzymes in a variety of operations, including the manufacture of food, animal feed, and poultry feed. This study sought to characterize purified phytase from A. awamori AFE1 isolated from longhorn beetle for its prospect in industrial applications. Ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, and gel-filtration chromatography were used to purify the crude enzyme obtained from submerged fermentation using phytase-producing media, and its physicochemical characteristics were examined. The homogenous 46.8-kDa phytase showed an 8.1-fold purification and 40.7% recovery. At 70 C and pH 7, the optimum phytase activity was noted. At acidic pH 4-6 and alkaline pH 8-10, it likewise demonstrated relative activity of 88-95% and 67-88%, respectively. It showed 67-70% residual activity between 30 and 70 C after 40 min, and 68-94% residual activity between pH 2 and 12 after 2 h. The presence of Hg+, Mg2+, and Al3+ significantly decreased the enzymatic activity, whereas Ca2+ and Cu2+ enhanced it. Ascorbic acid increased the activity of the purified enzyme, whereas ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and mercaptoethanol inhibited it. The calculated values for Km and Vmax were 55.4 mM and1.99 μmol/min/mL respectively. A. awamori phytase, which was isolated from a new source, showed unique and remarkable qualities that may find use in industrial operations such as feed pelleting and food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusola T Lawal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure 340252 Nigeria
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure 340252, Nigeria
| | - Christian Onuegbu
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure 340252, Nigeria
| | - Ayoola E Afe
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure 340252, Nigeria
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academic of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Isaac A Olopoda
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure 340252, Nigeria
| | - Festus O Igbe
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure 340252, Nigeria
| | - Funmillayo M Ojo
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure 340252, Nigeria
| | - David M Sanni
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure 340252, Nigeria
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Priya, Singh B, Sharma JG, Giri B. Optimization of phytase production by Penicillium oxalicum in solid-state fermentation for potential as a feed additive. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 54:819-829. [PMID: 38152875 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2297688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to statistically optimize the phytase production by Penicillium oxalicum PBG30 in solid-state fermentation using wheat bran as substrate. Variables viz. pH, incubation days, MgSO4, and Tween-80 were the significant parameters identified through the Plackett-Burman design (PBD) that majorly influenced the phytase production. Further, central composite design (CCD) method of response surface methodology (RSM) defined the optimum values for these factors i.e., pH 7.0, 5 days of incubation, 0.75% of MgSO4, and 3.5% of Tween-80 that leads to maximum phytase production of 475.42 U/g DMR. Phytase production was also sustainable in flasks and trays of different sizes with phytase levels ranging from 394.95 to 475.42 U/g DMR. Enhancement in phytase production is 5.6-fold as compared to unoptimized conditions. The in-vitro dephytinization of feed showed an amelioration in the nutritive value by releasing inorganic phosphate and other nutrients in a time-dependent manner. The highest amount of inorganic phosphate (33.986 mg/g feed), reducing sugar (134.4 mg/g feed), and soluble protein (115.52 mg/g feed) was achieved at 37 °C with 200 U of phytase in 0.5 g feed for 48 h. This study reports the economical and large-scale production of phytase with applicability in enhancing feed nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya
- Environmental and Industrial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi
| | - Bijender Singh
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendargarh, Haryana
| | - Jai Gopal Sharma
- Environmental and Industrial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi
| | - Bhoopander Giri
- Department of Botany, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, Delhi
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Priyodip P, Balaji S. Characterization of a putative metal-dependent PTP-like phosphatase from Lactobacillus helveticus 2126. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:37-47. [PMID: 37365352 PMCID: PMC10830716 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00390-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
To date, there are very limited reports on sequence analysis and structure-based molecular modeling of phosphatases produced by probiotic bacteria. Therefore, a novel protein tyrosine-like phosphatase was characterized from L. helveticus 2126 in this study. The purified bacterial phosphatase was subjected to mass spectrometric analysis, and the identity of constructed sequence was analyzed using peptide mass fingerprint. The 3-D structure of protein was elucidated using homology modeling, while its stability was assessed using Ramachandran plot, VERIFY 3D, and PROCHECK. The bacterium produced an extracellular phosphatase of zone diameter 15 ± 0.8 mm on screening medium within 24 h of incubation. This bacterial phosphatase was highly specific towards sodium phytate as it yielded the lowest Km value of 299.50 ± 4.95 μM compared to other phosphorylated substrates. The activity was effectively stimulated in the presence of zinc, magnesium, and manganese ions thereby showing its PTP-like behavior. The phosphatase showed a molecular mass of 43 kDa, and the corresponding M/Z ratio data yielded 46% query coverage to Bacillus subtilis (3QY7). This showed a 61.1% sequence similarity to Ligilactobacillus ruminis (WP_046923835.1). The final sequence construct based on these bacteria showed a conserved motif "HCHILPGIDD" in their active site. In addition, homology modeling showed a distorted Tim barrel structure with a trinuclear metal center. The final model after energy minimization showed 90.9% of the residues in the favorable region of Ramachandran's plot. This structural information can be used in genetic engineering for improving the overall stability and catalytic efficiency of probiotic bacterial phosphatases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Priyodip
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, -576104, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Seetharaman Balaji
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, -576104, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
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Venkataraman S, Vaidyanathan VK. Dephytinization of wheat and rice bran by cross-linked enzyme aggregates of Mucor indicus phytase: a viable prospect for food and feed industries. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:1935-1945. [PMID: 36408806 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel feeds for improved feed intake and for enhanced nutrient bioavailability have recently attracted attention. Insoluble dietary fibers, especially rice and wheat bran, have generated much interest due to their nutritional value. Incorporating insoluble dietary fiber into diets could be a viable way to maximize the feed conversion ratio. RESULTS Cross-linked phytase aggregates (CLPA) were synthesized by precipitating enzymes followed by cross-linking with 5 mmol L-1 glutaraldehyde, yielding 88.24 (U g-1 ) of enzyme load without the assistance of a proteic feeder. The epitome of the study is the dephosphorylation of wheat bran and rice bran by varying pH, enzyme concentration, and temperature. The highest inorganic phosphorus liberation by 150 U L--1 of free phytase was 23.72 (wheat bran) and 48.08 mg g-1 (rice bran) after 12 h of incubation. Furthermore, 150 U L-1 of CLPA liberated 28.72 (wheat bran) and 52.08 mg g-1 (rice bran) of inorganic phosphorus with an incubation time of 12 h. CONCLUSION Thermostable free phytase was insolubilized to dephosphorylate the agro-residue, namely, wheat bran and rice bran, to reduce the anti-nutritional factor (the phytate content) of these insoluble dietary fibers. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swethaa Venkataraman
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Vinoth Kumar Vaidyanathan
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
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Niu C, Wan X. Engineering a Trypsin-Resistant Thermophilic α-Galactosidase to Enhance Pepsin Resistance, Acidic Tolerance, Catalytic Performance, and Potential in the Food and Feed Industry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:10560-10573. [PMID: 32829638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
α-Galactosidase has potential applications, and attempts to improve proteolytic resistance of enzymes have important values. We use a novel strategy for genetic manipulation of a pepsin-sensitive region specific for a pepsin-sensitive but trypsin-resistant high-temperature-active Gal27B from Neosartorya fischeri to screen mutants with enhanced pepsin resistance. All enzymes were produced in Pichia pastoris to identify the roles of loop 4 (Gal27B-A23) and its key residue at position 156 (Gly156Arg/Pro/His) in pepsin resistance. Gal27B-A23 and Gly156Arg/Pro/His elevated pepsin resistance, thermostability, stability at low pH, activity toward raffinose (5.3-6.9-fold) and stachyose (about 1.3-fold), and catalytic efficiencies (up to 4.9-fold). Replacing the pepsin cleavage site Glu155 with Gly improved pepsin resistance but had no effect on pepsin resistance when Arg/Pro/His was at position 156. Thus, pepsin resistance could appear to occur through steric hindrance between the residue at the altered site and neighboring pepsin active site. In the presence of pepsin or trypsin, all mutations increased the ability of Gal27B to hydrolyze galactosaccharides in soybean flour (up to 9.6- and 4.3-fold, respectively) and promoted apparent metabolizable energy and nutrient digestibility in soybean meal for broilers (1.3-1.8-fold). The high activity and tolerance to heat, low pH, and protease benefit food and feed industry in a cost-effective way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canfang Niu
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China
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Helian Y, Gai Y, Fang H, Sun Y, Zhang D. A multistrategy approach for improving the expression of E. coli phytase in Pichia pastoris. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 47:1161-1172. [PMID: 32935229 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-020-02311-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Phytase is an additive in animal feed that degrades phytic acid in plant material, reducing feeding costs, and pollution from fecal phosphorus excretion. A multistrategy approach was adopted to improve the expression of E. coli phytase in Pichia pastoris. We determined that the most suitable signal peptide for phytase secretion was an α-factor secretion signal with an initial enzyme activity of 153.51 U/mL. Increasing the copy number of this gene to four increased phytase enzyme activity by 234.35%. PDI overexpression and Pep4 gene knockout increased extracellular phytase production by 35.33% and 26.64%, respectively. By combining favorable factors affecting phytase expression and secretion, the enzyme activity of the phytase-engineered strain was amplified 384.60% compared with that of the original strain. We also evaluated the potential for the industrial production of the engineered strain using a 50-L fed-batch fermenter and achieved a total activity of 30,246 U/mL after 180 h of fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankun Helian
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, No. 1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi, Dalian, 116034, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanming Gai
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Fang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumei Sun
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, No. 1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi, Dalian, 116034, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
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