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Santos BLP, Vieira IMM, Ruzene DS, Silva DP. Unlocking the potential of biosurfactants: Production, applications, market challenges, and opportunities for agro-industrial waste valorization. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 244:117879. [PMID: 38086503 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Biosurfactants are eco-friendly compounds with unique properties and promising potential as sustainable alternatives to chemical surfactants. The current review explores the multifaceted nature of biosurfactant production and applications, highlighting key fermentative parameters and microorganisms able to convert carbon-containing sources into biosurfactants. A spotlight is given on biosurfactants' obstacles in the global market, focusing on production costs and the challenges of large-scale synthesis. Innovative approaches to valorizing agro-industrial waste were discussed, documenting the utilization of lignocellulosic waste, food waste, oily waste, and agro-industrial wastewater in the segment. This strategy strongly contributes to large-scale, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly biosurfactant production, while the recent advances in waste valorization pave the way for a sustainable society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Denise Santos Ruzene
- Northeastern Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Sergipe, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Sergipe, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Sergipe, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Daniel Pereira Silva
- Northeastern Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Sergipe, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Sergipe, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Sergipe, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Graduate Program in Intellectual Property Science, Federal University of Sergipe, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
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Biosurfactant Production from Pineapple Waste and Application of Experimental Design and Statistical Analysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:386-400. [PMID: 36083431 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04159-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of non-conventional carbon sources for biosurfactant-producing microorganisms is a promising alternative in fermentation to substitute costly substrates. So, the current research used pineapple peel as a cost-effective and renewable substrate because of its rich composition in minerals and sugars and high availability. Following a 22 full factorial design, a bacterial strain of Bacillus subtilis produced biosurfactants in fermentative media containing different concentrations of glucose and concentrated pineapple peel juice (CPPJ). The influence of these two independent variables was evaluated according to three different responses: surface tension reduction rate (STRR), emulsification index (EI24), and concentration of semi-purified biosurfactant (SPB). The maximum value for STRR (57.63%) was obtained in media containing 0.58% glucose (w/v) and 5.82% CPPJ (v/v), while the highest EI24 response (58.60%) was observed at 2% glucose (w/v) and 20% CPPJ (v/v) and maximum SPB (1.28 g/L) at 3.42% glucose (w/v) and 34.18% CPPJ (v/v). Statistical analysis indicated that the CPPJ variable mostly influenced the STRR and SPB responses, whereas the EI24 was significantly influenced by pineapple peel juice and glucose contents.
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Li MSM, Piccoli DA, McDowell T, MacDonald J, Renaud J, Yuan ZC. Evaluating the biocontrol potential of Canadian strain Bacillus velezensis 1B-23 via its surfactin production at various pHs and temperatures. BMC Biotechnol 2021; 21:31. [PMID: 33926450 PMCID: PMC8082884 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-021-00690-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microorganisms, including Bacillus species are used to help control plant pathogens, thereby reducing reliance on synthetic pesticides in agriculture. Bacillus velezensis strain 1B-23 has been shown to reduce symptoms of bacterial disease caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in greenhouse-grown tomatoes, with in vitro studies implicating the lipopeptide surfactin as a key antimicrobial. While surfactin is known to be effective against many bacterial pathogens, it is inhibitory to a smaller proportion of fungi which nonetheless cause the majority of crop diseases. In addition, knowledge of optimal conditions for surfactin production in B. velezensis is lacking. RESULTS Here, B. velezensis 1B-23 was shown to inhibit in vitro growth of 10 fungal strains including Candida albicans, Cochliobolus carbonum, Cryptococcus neoformans, Cylindrocarpon destructans Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Monilinia fructicola, and Rhizoctonia solani, as well as two strains of C. michiganensis michiganensis. Three of the fungal strains (C. carbonum, C. neoformans, and M. fructicola) and the bacterial strains were also inhibited by purified surfactin (surfactin C, or [Leu7] surfactin C15) from B. velezensis 1B-23. Optimal surfactin production occurred in vitro at a relatively low temperature (16 °C) and a slightly acidic pH of 6.0. In addition to surfactin, B. velenzensis also produced macrolactins, cyclic dipeptides and minor amounts of iturins which could be responsible for the bioactivity against fungal strains which were not inhibited by purified surfactin C. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that B. velezensis 1B-23 has potential as a biocontrol agent against both bacterial and fungal pathogens, and may be particularly useful in slightly acidic soils of cooler climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S M Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - David A Piccoli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Tim McDowell
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario, N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Jacqueline MacDonald
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Justin Renaud
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario, N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Ze-Chun Yuan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada. .,London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario, N5V 4T3, Canada.
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Hoffmann M, Braig A, Fernandez Cano Luna DS, Rief K, Becker P, Treinen C, Klausmann P, Morabbi Heravi K, Henkel M, Lilge L, Hausmann R. Evaluation of an oxygen-dependent self-inducible surfactin synthesis in B. subtilis by substitution of native promoter P srfA by anaerobically active P narG and P nasD. AMB Express 2021; 11:57. [PMID: 33876328 PMCID: PMC8055807 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01218-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel approach targeting self-inducible surfactin synthesis under oxygen-limited conditions is presented. Because both the nitrate (NarGHI) and nitrite (NasDE) reductase are highly expressed during anaerobic growth of B. subtilis, the native promoter PsrfA of the surfactin operon in strain B. subtilis JABs24 was replaced by promoters PnarG and PnasD to induce surfactin synthesis anaerobically. Shake flask cultivations with varying oxygen availabilities indicated no significant differences in native PsrfA expression. As hypothesized, activity of PnarG and PnasD increased with lower oxygen levels and surfactin was not produced by PsrfA::PnarG as well as PsrfA::PnasD mutant strains under conditions with highest oxygen availability. PnarG showed expressions similar to PsrfA at lowest oxygen availability, while maximum value of PnasD was more than 5.5-fold higher. Although the promoter exchange PsrfA::PnarG resulted in a decreased surfactin titer at lowest oxygen availability, the strain carrying PsrfA::PnasD reached a 1.4-fold increased surfactin concentration with 696 mg/L and revealed an exceptional high overall YP/X of 1.007 g/g. This value also surpassed the YP/X of the reference strain JABs24 at highest and moderate oxygen availability. Bioreactor cultivations illustrated that significant cell lysis occurred when the process of "anaerobization" was performed too fast. However, processes with a constantly low agitation and aeration rate showed promising potential for process improvement, especially by employing the strain carrying PsrfA::PnasD promoter exchange. Additionally, replacement of other native promoters by nitrite reductase promoter PnasD represents a promising tool for anaerobic-inducible bioprocesses in Bacillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareen Hoffmann
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alina Braig
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Diana Stephanie Fernandez Cano Luna
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katharina Rief
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Philipp Becker
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Chantal Treinen
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter Klausmann
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kambiz Morabbi Heravi
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marius Henkel
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lars Lilge
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Rudolf Hausmann
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology (150), Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
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