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Joshi M, Kumar V, Singh D, Onteru SK. Taurine dynamics in serum during the oestrous cycle in buffaloes. Reprod Domest Anim 2024; 59:e14560. [PMID: 38595035 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Estrus identification is one of the common issues in buffaloes because of their short estrus duration and silent estrus problem. Hence, specific biomarkers facilitating in identifying the estrus stage would be helpful to buffalo farmers and researchers. In our previous studies, taurine, a non-protein amino acid that helps in the secretion of reproductive hormones such as GnRH, was found to be associated with postpartum anestrus in buffaloes. Therefore, the present study was conducted to explore the level of taurine in serum during different stages of the oestrous cycle in healthy cyclic buffaloes. Blood samples were collected from healthy cyclic buffaloes (n = 4), and taurine was estimated at the estrus (0th day), proestrus (-2nd day), metestrus (3rd day) and diestrus (+10th day) stages using TLC method. The days of the oestrous cycle were determined by ultrasonography and observation of behavioural signs by trained professionals. The results revealed that taurine was consistently present in the serum. However, the highest concentration of taurine was observed at the proestrus (0.20 ± 0.03 mg/mL) stage, which was greater (p < .05) than metestrus (0.10 ± 0.05 mg/mL) and diestrus (0.13 ± 0.03 mg/mL) stages, but comparable with the estrus stage. These results were also validated in the simulated population datasets of population size 6 to 10,000. Further, ROC curve analysis for the large simulated population indicated the efficiency of taurine to distinguish proestrus from metestrus and diestrus stages at a lower cutoff value of <0.1643 mg/mL with 60% sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, the present study concludes that serum taurine concentration could help in detecting proestrus stage of buffalo estrous cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Joshi
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Varun Kumar
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Dheer Singh
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Suneel Kumar Onteru
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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Cotas J, Leandro A, Monteiro P, Pacheco D, Figueirinha A, Gonçalves AMM, da Silva GJ, Pereira L. Seaweed Phenolics: From Extraction to Applications. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E384. [PMID: 32722220 PMCID: PMC7460554 DOI: 10.3390/md18080384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds have attracted high interest in recent years due to their chemical and bioactive properties to find new molecules with valuable applications for humankind. Phenolic compounds are the group of metabolites with the most structural variation and the highest content in seaweeds. The most researched seaweed polyphenol class is the phlorotannins, which are specifically synthesized by brown seaweeds, but there are other polyphenolic compounds, such as bromophenols, flavonoids, phenolic terpenoids, and mycosporine-like amino acids. The compounds already discovered and characterized demonstrate a full range of bioactivities and potential future applications in various industrial sectors. This review focuses on the extraction, purification, and future applications of seaweed phenolic compounds based on the bioactive properties described in the literature. It also intends to provide a comprehensive insight into the phenolic compounds in seaweed.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Cotas
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (A.M.M.G.)
| | - Adriana Leandro
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (A.M.M.G.)
| | - Pedro Monteiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Health Sciences Campus, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.M.); (G.J.d.S.)
| | - Diana Pacheco
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (A.M.M.G.)
| | - Artur Figueirinha
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana M. M. Gonçalves
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (A.M.M.G.)
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Jorge da Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Health Sciences Campus, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.M.); (G.J.d.S.)
| | - Leonel Pereira
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (A.M.M.G.)
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Analysis of alkaloids (indole alkaloids, isoquinoline alkaloids, tropane alkaloids). RECENT ADVANCES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS ANALYSIS 2020. [PMCID: PMC7153348 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816455-6.00015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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4
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Multi-residue analysis of sedative drugs in human plasma by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1072:305-314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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5
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Identification of the anti-oxidant components in a two-step solvent extract of bovine bile lipid: Application of reverse phase HPLC, mass spectrometry and fluorimetric assays. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1019:83-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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GÜMÜŞ R, İMİK H. The effect of Yucca schidigera powder added to lamb feed on fatteningperformance, some blood parameters, the immune system, and theantioxidative metabolism of the hepatic tissue. TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY & ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.3906/vet-1504-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Sharif KM, Rahman MM, Azmir J, Khatib A, Sabina E, Shamsudin SH, Zaidul ISM. Multivariate analysis of PRISMA optimized TLC image for predicting antioxidant activity and identification of contributing compounds from Pereskia bleo. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 29:1826-33. [PMID: 26033701 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Multivariate analysis of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) images was modeled to predict antioxidant activity of Pereskia bleo leaves and to identify the contributing compounds of the activity. TLC was developed in optimized mobile phase using the 'PRISMA' optimization method and the image was then converted to wavelet signals and imported for multivariate analysis. An orthogonal partial least square (OPLS) model was developed consisting of a wavelet-converted TLC image and 2,2-diphynyl-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity of 24 different preparations of P. bleo as the x- and y-variables, respectively. The quality of the constructed OPLS model (1 + 1 + 0) with one predictive and one orthogonal component was evaluated by internal and external validity tests. The validated model was then used to identify the contributing spot from the TLC plate that was then analyzed by GC-MS after trimethylsilyl derivatization. Glycerol and amine compounds were mainly found to contribute to the antioxidant activity of the sample. An alternative method to predict the antioxidant activity of a new sample of P. bleo leaves has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Sharif
- Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmed Shah, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - M M Rahman
- Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmed Shah, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - J Azmir
- Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmed Shah, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - A Khatib
- Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmed Shah, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - E Sabina
- Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmed Shah, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - S H Shamsudin
- Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmed Shah, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - I S M Zaidul
- Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmed Shah, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
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Mohamed NA, Ahmed S, El Zohny SA. A Specific High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection for the Determination of Some α1-Blockers. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2014.903852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niveen A. Mohamed
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
| | - Sameh Ahmed
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
- b Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy , Taibah University , Al Madinah Almunawarah , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sally A. El Zohny
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
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Abstract
AbstractBenzodiazepines (BDZs) are generally commonly used as anxiolytic and/or hypnotic drugs as a ligand of the GABAA-benzodiazepine receptor. Moreover, some of benzodiazepines are widely used as an anti-depressive and sedative drugs, and also as anti-epileptic drugs and in some cases can be useful as an adjunct treatment in refractory epilepsies or anti-alcoholic therapy. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) methods, gas chromatography (GC) methods, capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods and some of spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric methods were developed and have been extensively applied to the analysis of number of benzodiazepine derivative drugs (BDZs) providing reliable and accurate results. The available chemical methods for the determination of BDZs in biological materials and pharmaceutical formulations are reviewed in this work.
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Dołowy M, Pyka A. Application of TLC, HPLC and GC methods to the study of amino acid and peptide enantiomers: a review. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:84-101. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Dołowy
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Medical University of Silesia in Katowice; Sosnowiec Poland
| | - Alina Pyka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Medical University of Silesia in Katowice; Sosnowiec Poland
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11
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Devenport NA, Reynolds JC, Weston DJ, Wilson ID, Creaser CS. Direct extraction of urinary analytes from undeveloped reversed-phase thin layer chromatography plates using a solvent gradient combined with on-line electrospray ionisation ion mobility-mass spectrometry. Analyst 2012; 137:3510-3. [PMID: 22724122 DOI: 10.1039/c2an35495k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The direct extraction of urinary analytes deposited on reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography (RP-TLC) plates is demonstrated using a solvent gradient extraction procedure without prior chromatographic development. The surface sample probe TLC-MS interface used for the gradient extraction is compared to direct loop injection into the electrospray ion source for biofluid profiling. The gradient elution is shown to enhance ion intensities, as urinary salts are eluted in aqueous formic acid in the early part of the gradient reducing ion suppression. The retention of urinary components on the C18 RP-TLC plate was confirmed by monitoring analyte responses with, and without, an aqueous wash phase prior to the solvent gradient extraction. The use of gradient elution allows fractionation of the complex biological matrix as a result of differential retention of urine components on the undeveloped RP-TLC plate. The direct gradient analysis of TLC plates has also been combined with ion mobility-mass spectrometry to further resolve the complex urinary profile and identify co-eluting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil A Devenport
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
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12
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Musharraf SG, Gulzar U. Effective separation and simultaneous analysis of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) in their pharmaceutical formulations by a validated TLC-densitometry method. Chem Cent J 2012; 6:54. [PMID: 22703827 PMCID: PMC3469343 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-6-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are widely misused for the enhancement of performance in sports. Several drugs are available that contain different combinations or individual steroids in different dosage form. This paper describes a TLC densitometric method for simultaneous determination of four AAS of testosterone derivatives including testosterone propionate (TP), testosterone phenyl propionate (TPP), testosterone isocaproate (TI) and testosterone deaconate (TD) in their pharmaceutical products. RESULTS Separation was carried out on Al based TLC plates, pre-coated with silica gel 60F-254 using hexane and ethyl acetate (8.5:1.5, v/v). Spots at Rf 0.31 ± 0.01, 0.34 ± 0.01, 0.40 ± 0.01 and 0.45 ± 0.02 were recognized as TPP, TP, TI and TD, respectively. Quantitative analysis was done by densitometric measurements at λmax 251 nm for all derivatives. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines. Method was found linear over the concentration range of 200-1200 ng/spot with the correlation coefficient of 0.995, 0.993, 0.995 and 0.996 for TP, TPP, TI, TD, respectively. Limit of detection for all derivatives were in the range of 16.7-22.3 ng/spot while limit of quantitation were found to be in the range of 55.7-70.9 ng/spot. CONCLUSIONS The developed TLC method can be applied for the simultaneous routine analysis of testosterone derivatives in their individual and combined pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Umair Gulzar
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
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13
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Migas P, Borys I. BMD-TLC — a useful separation technique for quantitative analysis of arbutin and hydroquinone in herbal drugs. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.24.2012.2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Fuchs B, Süss R, Teuber K, Eibisch M, Schiller J. Lipid analysis by thin-layer chromatography--a review of the current state. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1218:2754-74. [PMID: 21167493 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) is a widely used, fast and relatively inexpensive method of separating complex mixtures. It is particularly useful for smaller, apolar compounds and offers some advantages over HPLC. This review gives an overview about the special features as well as the problems that have to be considered upon the HPTLC analysis of lipids. The term "lipids" is used here in a broad sense and comprises fatty acids and their derivatives as well as substances related biosynthetically or functionally to these compounds. After a short introduction regarding the stationary phases and the methods how lipids can be visualized on an HPTLC plate, the individual lipid classes will be discussed and the most suitable solvent systems for their separation indicated. The focus will be on lipids that are most abundant in biological systems, i.e. cholesterol and its derivates, glycerides, sphingo- and glycolipids as well as phospholipids. Finally, a nowadays very important topic, the combination between HPTLC and mass spectrometric (MS) detection methods will be discussed. It will be shown that this is a very powerful method to investigate the identities of the HPTLC spots in more detail than by the use of common staining methods. Future aspects of HPTLC in the lipid field will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Fuchs
- University of Leipzig, Medical Department, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Härtelstr. 16/18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany
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Makowski A, Adamek E, Baran W. Use of photocatalytic reactions to visualize drugs in TLC. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2010. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.23.2010.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Pyka A. Use of Structural Descriptors to QSRR Analysis of Selected Bile Acids Separated by NP-TLC. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070903245870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Pyka
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Medical University of Silesia , Sosnowiec, Poland
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17
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Pyka A. Spectrodensitometry Application to Analytical Identification of Estradiol, Hydrocortisone, Testosterone and Cholesterol on Diol Plates. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070902841430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Pyka
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Medical University of Silesia , Sosnowiec, Poland
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18
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Eberlin LS, Abdelnur PV, Passero A, de Sa GF, Daroda RJ, de Souza V, Eberlin MN. Analysis of biodiesel and biodiesel–petrodiesel blends by high performance thin layer chromatography combined with easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry. Analyst 2009; 134:1652-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b817847j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Pyka
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry , Medical University of Silesia , Sosnowiec, Poland
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Haddad R, Milagre HMS, Catharino RR, Eberlin MN. Easy Ambient Sonic-Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Combined with Thin-Layer Chromatography. Anal Chem 2008; 80:2744-50. [DOI: 10.1021/ac702216q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renato Haddad
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, 13084-971, Campinas SP, Brazil
| | - Humberto M. S. Milagre
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, 13084-971, Campinas SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ramos Catharino
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, 13084-971, Campinas SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos N. Eberlin
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, 13084-971, Campinas SP, Brazil
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Halkina T, Sherma J. Determination of Sterols and Fatty Acids in Prostate Health Dietary Supplements by Silica Gel High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography with Visible Mode Densitometry. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070701451688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Halkina
- a Department of Chemistry , Lafayette College , Easton, PA, USA
| | - Joseph Sherma
- a Department of Chemistry , Lafayette College , Easton, PA, USA
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Toledo R, Muñoz-Antoli C, Fried B. The use of echinostomes to study host-parasite relationships between larval trematodes and invertebrate and cold-blooded vertebrate hosts. Parasitol Res 2007; 100:1177-85. [PMID: 17279393 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-007-0470-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2007] [Accepted: 01/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Echinostomes are intestinal trematodes with life cycles that are easy and inexpensive to maintain in the laboratory. For this reason, echinostomes have served for years as experimental models in different areas of parasitology. However, the usefulness of these trematodes in experimental parasitology has been under estimated. In this paper, we discuss the life cycles of echinostomes and the techniques used to maintain them in the laboratory. We further examine the characteristics of these trematodes that make them useful models for the analysis of larval parasite-host relationships. Echinostomes are useful for studies on the immunobiology of snails, host-finding processes of free-living larval stages, effects of larval trematode infections on anuran populations, and studies on analytes in the larval trematodes and their snail intermediate hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Toledo
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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Salo PK, Vilmunen S, Salomies H, Ketola RA, Kostiainen R. Two-Dimensional Ultra-Thin-Layer Chromatography and Atmospheric Pressure Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry in Bioanalysis. Anal Chem 2007; 79:2101-8. [PMID: 17256877 DOI: 10.1021/ac0620359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The feasibility of ultra-thin-layer chromatography (UTLC) and atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (AP-MALDI-MS) for bioanalysis was studied with benzodiazepines as model substances in human urine. Two-dimensional (2D) UTLC was shown to be an efficient technique for the separation of benzodiazepines. Separations occurred in 4-12 min, and the separated compounds were identified by AP-MALDI-MS. The limits of detection with AP-MALDI-MS and AP-MALDI-MS/MS were in the picomole range and thus low enough for bioanalysis. The applicability of the 2D UTLC-AP-MALDI-MS was demonstrated in detection of metabolites with an authentic biological urine sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piia K Salo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, and Drug Discovery and Development Technology Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Sherma
- Department of Chemistry, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania 18042, USA
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