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Magnano GC, Quadri M, Palazzo E, Lotti R, Loschi F, Dall'Acqua S, Abrami M, Larese Filon F, Marconi A, Hasa D. 3D human foreskin model for testing topical formulations of sildenafil citrate. Int J Pharm 2024; 649:123612. [PMID: 37992980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Sildenafil citrate is an approved drug used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation. Despite a widespread application, sildenafil citrate shows numerous adverse cardiovascular effects in high-risk patients. Local transdermal drug delivery of this drug is therefore being explored as an interesting and noninvasive alternative administration method that avoids adverse effects arised from peak plasma drug concentrations. Although human and animal skin represents the most reliable models to perform penetration studies, they involve a series of ethical issues and restrictions. For these reasons new in vitro approaches based on artificially reconstructed human skin or "human skin equivalents" are being developed as possible alternatives for transdermal testing. There is little information, however, on the efficiency of such new in vitro methods on cutaneous penetration of active ingredients. The objective of the current study was to investigate the sildenafil citrate loaded in three commercial transdermal vehicles using 3D full-thickness skin equivalent and compare the results with the permeability experiments using porcine skin. Our results demonstrated that, while the formulation plays an imperative role in an appropriate dermal uptake of sildenafil citrate, the D coefficient results obtained by using the 3D skin equivalent are comparable to those obtained by using the porcine skin when a simple drug suspension is applied (1.17 × 10-10 ± 0.92 × 10-10 cm2/s vs 3.5 × 102 ± 3.3 × 102 cm2/s), suggesting that in such case, this 3D skin model can be a valid alternative for ex-vivo skin absorption experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Camilla Magnano
- Clinical Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Trieste, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy.
| | - Marika Quadri
- DermoLAB, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Palazzo
- DermoLAB, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberta Lotti
- DermoLAB, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Loschi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Pharmacology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Pharmacology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Michela Abrami
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Marconi
- DermoLAB, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Dritan Hasa
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy.
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2
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Pinheiro de Souza F, Sonego Zimmermann E, Tafet Carminato Silva R, Novaes Borges L, Villa Nova M, Miriam de Souza Lima M, Diniz A. Model-Informed drug development of gastroretentive release systems for sildenafil citrate. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 182:81-91. [PMID: 36516889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gastroretentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS) are modified-release dosage forms designed to prolong their residence time in the upper gastrointestinal tract, where some drugs are preferentially absorbed, and increase the drug bioavailability. This work aimed the development of a novel GRDDS containing 60 mg of sildenafil citrate, and the evaluation of the feasibility of the proposed formulation for use in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), for once a day administration, by using in silico pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling and simulations using GastroPlusTM. The Model-Informed Drug Development (MIDD) approach was used in formulation design and pharmacokinetic exposure prospecting. A 22 factorial design with a central point was used for optimization of the formulation, which was produced by direct compression and characterized by some tests, including buoyancy test, assay, impurities, and in vitro dissolution. A compartmental PK model was built using the GatroPlusTM software for virtual bioequivalence of the proposed formulations in comparison with the defined target release profile provided by an immediate release (IR) tablet formulation containing 20 mg of sildenafil administered three times a day (TID). The results of the factorial design showed a direct correlation between the dissolution rate and the amount of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) in the formulations. By comparing the PK parameters predicted by the virtual bioequivalence, the formulations F1, F2, F3 and F5 failed on bioequivalence. The F4 showed bioequivalence to the reference and was considered the viable formulation to substitute the IR. Thus, GRDDS could be a promising alternative for controlling the release of drugs with a pH-dependent solubility and narrow absorption window, specifically in the gastric environment, and an interesting way to reduce dose frequency and increase the drug bioavailability. The MIDD approach increases the level of information about the pharmaceutical product and guide the drug development for more assertive ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Pinheiro de Souza
- Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Estevan Sonego Zimmermann
- Center for Pharmacometrics and System Pharmacology at Lake Nona (Orlando), Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, FL, USA
| | - Raizza Tafet Carminato Silva
- Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Luiza Novaes Borges
- Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Mônica Villa Nova
- Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Marli Miriam de Souza Lima
- Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Andréa Diniz
- Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringá, PR, Brazil.
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3
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Vakili K, Rezaei H, Poturcu K, Jouyban A, Hanaee J, Martinez F, Rahimpour E. Solubility study of sildenafil citrate in (2-propanol + water) binary mixtures at different temperatures. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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4
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Sawatdee S, Atipairin A, Rakkummerd S, Suriyaphol O, Harding DJ, Muenraya P, Harding P. Preparation and physicochemical characterization of sildenafil cocrystals. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2021; 12:408-419. [PMID: 34820318 PMCID: PMC8588911 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_72_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sildenafil is a specific inhibitor of the phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) enzyme that protects cyclic guanosine monophosphate from breakdown by PDE-5. It is a biopharmaceutical categorization system Class II medication with low bioavailability because it is almost insoluble in water. The objectives of this study were to prepare sildenafil cocrystals with co-former molecules including aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid [ASA]), fumaric acid (FMA), and benzoic acid (BZA) to improve the water solubility of sildenafil. The cocrystals were prepared by antisolvent addition (AA) and slow solvent evaporation (SE) methods. The stoichiometric ratios of sildenafil and co-former molecules were varied. The obtained crystals were characterized by stereomicroscope, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). The water solubility of sildenafil cocrystals was compared with sildenafil base. In the AA method, the crystals only form in sildenafil-ASA reaction. These crystals were not cocrystals between sildenafil and ASA because they were formed to new substances that were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In the SE method, the cocrystals were successfully prepared in the reaction of sildenafil with ASA, FMA, and BZA which use acetone or ethyl acetate as a solvent. The obtained crystals are irregular shapes and their FT-IR, NMR, and PXRD results exhibited the characteristics of sildenafil and its co-former. The stoichiometric ratios of sildenafil and co-formers after cocrystallization were different from an initial of crystallization. The sildenafil cocrystals with ASA, FMA, and BZA by SE method had higher water solubility than sildenafil base. The sildenafil-FMA cocrystals had the highest water solubility and increased up to five times when compared with sildenafil base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somchai Sawatdee
- Drug and Cosmetics Excellence Center, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.,School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Apichart Atipairin
- Drug and Cosmetics Excellence Center, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.,School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | | | - Onsinee Suriyaphol
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - David J Harding
- Functional Materials and Nanotechnology Center of Excellence, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Poowadon Muenraya
- Drug and Cosmetics Excellence Center, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.,School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Phimphaka Harding
- Functional Materials and Nanotechnology Center of Excellence, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
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Kim JS, Din FU, Lee SM, Kim DS, Woo MR, Cheon S, Ji SH, Kim JO, Youn YS, Oh KT, Lim SJ, Jin SG, Choi HG. Comparison of Three Different Aqueous Microenvironments for Enhancing Oral Bioavailability of Sildenafil: Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System, Amorphous Microspheres and Crystalline Microspheres. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:5797-5810. [PMID: 34465992 PMCID: PMC8402991 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s324206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to screen various drug delivery systems for improving the aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability of sildenafil. Three representative techniques, solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS), amorphous microspheres and crystalline microspheres, were compared. Methods Both microspheres systems contained sildenafil:Labrasol:PVP at a weight ratio of 1:1:6. The amorphous microspheres were manufactured using ethanol, while crystalline microspheres were generated using distilled water. Liquid SNEDDS was composed of sildenafil:Labrasol:Transcutol HP:Captex 300 in the ratio of 1:70:15:15 (w:w:w:w). The solidification process in SNEDDS was performed using HDK N20 Pharma as a solid carrier. Results The amorphous microspheres appeared spherical with significantly decreased particle size compared to the drug powder. The crystalline microspheres exhibited a rough surface with no major particle-size difference compared with sildenafil powder, indicating that the hydrophilic excipients adhered to the sildenafil crystal. Solid SNEDDS presented a smooth surface, assuming that the oily liquid was adsorbed to the porous solid carrier. According to the physicochemical evaluation, the crystalline state maintained in crystalline microspheres, whereas the crystal state changed to amorphous state in other formulations. Amorphous microspheres, crystalline microspheres and solid SNEDDS produced about 79, 55, 82-fold increased solubility, compared to drug powder. Moreover, the prepared formulations provided a higher dissolution rate (%) and plasma concentration than did the drug powder (performance order; solid SNEDDS ≥ amorphous microspheres ≥ crystalline microspheres > drug powder). Among the formulations, solid SNEDDS demonstrated the highest improvement in oral bioavailability (AUC; 1508.78 ± 343.95 h·ng/mL). Conclusion Therefore, solid SNEDDS could be recommended as an oral dosage form for enhancing the oral bioavailability of sildenafil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Suk Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Fakhar Ud Din
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sang Min Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Dong Shik Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Mi Ran Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea
| | | | - Sang Hun Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Jong Oh Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyongsan, South Korea
| | - Yu Seok Youn
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Kyung Taek Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo-Jeong Lim
- Department of Bioscience and biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Giu Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Han-Gon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea
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Ouranidis A, Tsiaxerli A, Vardaka E, Markopoulou CK, Zacharis CK, Nicolaou I, Hatzichristou D, Haidich AB, Kostomitsopoulos N, Kachrimanis K. Sildenafil 4.0-Integrated Synthetic Chemistry, Formulation and Analytical Strategies Effecting Immense Therapeutic and Societal Impact in the Fourth Industrial Era. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:365. [PMID: 33920975 PMCID: PMC8071249 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sildenafil is a potent selective, reversible inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) approved for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Whilst twenty years have passed since its original approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA), sildenafil enters the fourth industrial era catalyzing the treatment advances against erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. The plethora of detailed clinical data accumulated and the two sildenafil analogues marketed, namely tadalafil and vardenafil, signify the relevant therapeutic and commercial achievements. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behavior of the drug appears complex, interdependent and of critical importance whereas the treatment of special population cohorts is considered. The diversity of the available formulation strategies and their compatible administration routes, extend from tablets to bolus suspensions and from per os to intravenous, respectively, inheriting the associated strengths and weaknesses. In this comprehensive review, we attempt to elucidate the multi-disciplinary elements spanning the knowledge fields of chemical synthesis, physicochemical properties, pharmacology, clinical applications, biopharmaceutical profile, formulation approaches for different routes of administration and analytical strategies, currently employed to guide the development of sildenafil-based compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ouranidis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (E.V.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Tsiaxerli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (E.V.)
| | - Elisavet Vardaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (E.V.)
| | - Catherine K. Markopoulou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.K.M.); (C.K.Z.)
| | - Constantinos K. Zacharis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.K.M.); (C.K.Z.)
| | - Ioannis Nicolaou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Dimitris Hatzichristou
- Department of Urology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54635 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Anna-Bettina Haidich
- Department of Hygiene, Social-Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Kyriakos Kachrimanis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (E.V.)
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7
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Farkas D, Kállai-Szabó N, Sárádi-Kesztyűs Á, Lengyel M, Magramane S, Kiss É, Antal I. Investigation of propellant-free aqueous foams as pharmaceutical carrier systems. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 26:253-261. [PMID: 33307920 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1863426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Due to their light consistency and good spreadability, aqueous foams are considered as convenient and highly accepted drug carrier systems that are of great importance in the field of topical drug delivery. The production of a stable, easy to dose, preferably environmentally harmless foam formulation is challenging. Therefore, foam characterisation requires a complex approach: several tests are to be performed throughout the formulation. Our study primarily aims to investigate the quality attributes of propellant-free foam-forming additives. Throughout the research, we focused on acquiring knowledge about the properties of pharmaceutical excipients suitable for foam formulations and their effect on foam characteristics. Not only were the relative foam density, actuated foam weight and the foam collapse tendencies studied, but also the initial liquid properties. Along with surface tension determination, bubble-forming experiments were carried out. The bubble size and rate of formation, standardised by using a texture analyser, were followed by image analysis. Analysing the bubble-forming properties of dilute surfactant solutions allows assumptions on the properties of foam formed from the more concentrated solutions. The size and number of bubbles in the produced foams are related to the kinetics of single bubble formation. For comparison, commercially available medicated foams were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Farkas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Miléna Lengyel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sabrina Magramane
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Kiss
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Nanostructures, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Antal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Atipairin A, Chunhachaichana C, Nakpheng T, Changsan N, Srichana T, Sawatdee S. Development of a Sildenafil Citrate Microemulsion-Loaded Hydrogel as a Potential System for Drug Delivery to the Penis and Its Cellular Metabolic Mechanism. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111055. [PMID: 33158184 PMCID: PMC7694282 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sildenafil citrate is used to treat mild to moderate erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation. However, it has low oral bioavailability, numerous adverse effects, and delayed onset of action. These problems may be resolved by transdermal delivery to the penis. Hence, sildenafil citrate was formulated as a microemulsion system using isopropyl myristate, Tween 80, PEG400, and water (30:20:40:10). The hydrogel used in the microemulsion was 2% w/w poloxamer 188. The sildenafil microemulsion-loaded hydrogels were characterised for their appearance, particle size, pH, spreadability, swelling index, viscosity, sildenafil drug content, membrane permeation, epithelial cell cytotoxicity, and in vitro drug metabolism. The optimised formulated microemulsion showed the lowest droplet size and highest solubility of sildenafil citrate. The in vitro skin permeation of the sildenafil citrate microemulsion-loaded hydrogel was significantly higher than that of the sildenafil suspension, with a 1.97-fold enhancement ratio. The formulated microemulsion exhibited a 100% cell viability, indicating its safety for skin epithelial cells. The major metabolic pathway of sildenafil citrate loaded in the microemulsion formulation was hydroxylation. Furthermore, loading sildenafil in the microemulsion reduced the drug metabolite by approximately 50% compared to the sildenafil in aqueous suspension. The sildenafil citrate-loaded isopropyl myristate-based microemulsion hydrogels were physically and chemically stable over 6 months of storage. The sildenafil citrate microemulsion-loaded hydrogel showed in vitro results suitable for used as a transdermal drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apichart Atipairin
- Drug and Cosmetics Excellence Center, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand;
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Charisopon Chunhachaichana
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; (C.C.); (T.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Titpawan Nakpheng
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; (C.C.); (T.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Narumon Changsan
- College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathumtani 12000, Thailand;
| | - Teerapol Srichana
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; (C.C.); (T.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Somchai Sawatdee
- Drug and Cosmetics Excellence Center, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand;
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +66-7567-2818; Fax: +66-7567-2814
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9
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Sawatdee S, Atipairin A, Sae Yoon A, Srichana T, Changsan N, Suwandecha T. Formulation Development of Albendazole-Loaded Self-Microemulsifying Chewable Tablets to Enhance Dissolution and Bioavailability. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E134. [PMID: 30897738 PMCID: PMC6471907 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11030134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Albendazole is an anthelmintic agent with poor solubility and absorption. We developed a chewable tablet (200 mg drug equivalent), containing a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS), with oral disintegrating properties. The emulsion was developed using sesame and soybean oils along with surfactant/co-surfactants, and the tablets were prepared by wet granulation using superdisintegrants and adsorbents. Infra-red (IR) spectral studies revealed no interaction between the drug and excipients, and all physical and chemical parameters were within acceptable limits. Stability studies for the formulation indicated no significant change over time. An in vitro release study indicated 100% drug release within 30 min, and in vivo plasma concentrations indicated that the area under the curve (AUC) of albendazole in rats administered SMEDDS chewable tablets was significantly higher than in those administered commercial tablets or powder (p-value < 0.05). The systemic bioavailability of albendazole achieved through the SMEDDS tablets was 1.3 times higher than that achieved by the administration of comparable quantities of albendazole commercial tablets. This was due to the higher dissolution of albendazole SMEDDS in the chewable tablets. We conclude that the SMEDDS chewable formulation can be used to improve the dissolution and systemic availability of poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somchai Sawatdee
- Drug and Cosmetics Excellence Center, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand.
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand.
| | - Apichart Atipairin
- Drug and Cosmetics Excellence Center, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand.
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand.
| | - Attawadee Sae Yoon
- Drug and Cosmetics Excellence Center, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand.
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand.
| | - Teerapol Srichana
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
| | - Narumon Changsan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathumtani 12000, Thailand.
| | - Tan Suwandecha
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
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10
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Sawatdee S, Atipairin A, Sae Yoon A, Srichana T, Changsan N, Suwandecha T, Chanthorn W, Phoem A. Oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of sildenafil citrate dry foam tablets in rats. COGENT MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2018.1510821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Somchai Sawatdee
- Drug and Cosmetics Excellence Center, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Apichart Atipairin
- Drug and Cosmetics Excellence Center, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Attawadee Sae Yoon
- Drug and Cosmetics Excellence Center, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Teerapol Srichana
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | | | - Tan Suwandecha
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Wirot Chanthorn
- Faculty of Public Health, Naresuan University, Tha Pho, Muang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Atchara Phoem
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Songkhla Rajabhat University, Muang, Songkhla 9000, Thailand
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