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de Nóbrega T, da Silva M, Rampani E, Curi R, Bazotte R. Tolerability of glutamine supplementation in older adults: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e13468. [PMID: 38808890 PMCID: PMC11136481 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2024e13468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In this double-blind placebo-controlled randomized investigation, we assessed the tolerability of glutamine in older adults recruited from three daycare centers. The relevance of studying glutamine supplementation in elderly patients lies in its potential to provide a well-tolerated intervention. Glutamine, a crucial amino acid, plays a vital role in various physiological processes, including immune function and protein synthesis. Understanding its impact on older adults is essential, given the potential implications for their health and well-being. Participants received a daily dose of 12.4 g of oral effervescent glutamine (EGln group) or maltodextrin (placebo group) for 60 days. Fifteen patients from each group completed the study. The mean ages were 77.0±9.1 and 79.0±6.9 years for the EGln and placebo groups, respectively. We evaluated body mass index, aminogram, hemogram, plasma levels of glucose, prealbumin, albumin, urea, creatinine, uric acid, C-reactive protein, vitamin D, calcium, sodium, potassium, and the plasma activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Notably, we quantified a broad array of inflammatory markers and growth factors providing a holistic understanding of the potential effects of glutamine supplementation. The results demonstrated that oral glutamine did not induce significant changes in any evaluated parameters, and no adverse effects were reported. This finding suggested that the dosage of glutamine used in this study was well-tolerated and safe. This information contributes to the broader understanding of glutamine supplementation, emphasizing its safety and supporting its potential as a viable intervention for maintaining health in aging individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.C.M. de Nóbrega
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - M.A.R.C.P. da Silva
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - E.M. Rampani
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - R. Curi
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Seção de Produção de Imunobiológicos, Centro Bioindustrial, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R.B. Bazotte
- Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
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Li Y, Du C, Jing Z, Zhu J, Fan C, Jiang Y, Yuan W. Clean Production of l-Alanyl-l-glutamine by an Efficient Yeast Biocatalyst Expressing α-Amino Acid Ester Acyltransferase without N-Glycosylation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:6398-6405. [PMID: 37027821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
l-Alanyl-l-glutamine (Ala-Gln) is a widely used value-added dipeptide whose production relies heavily upon an efficient biocatalyst. The currently available yeast biocatalysts that express α-amino acid ester acyltransferase (SsAet) possess relatively low activity, which may be attributed to glycosylation. Here, to promote SsAet activity in yeast, we identified the N-glycosylation site as the Asn residue at position 442 and subsequently eliminated the negative effect of N-glycosylation on SsAet by removing artificial and native signal peptides to obtain K3A1, a novel yeast biocatalyst with significantly improved activity. Additionally, the optimal reaction conditions of strain K3A1 were determined (25 °C, pH 8.5, AlaOMe/Gln = 1:2), resulting in a maximum molar yield and productivity of approximately 80% and 1.74 g·(L·min)-1, respectively. Therefore, we developed a promising system to cleanly produce Ala-Gln in a safe, efficient, and sustainable manner, which may contribute to the future industrial production of Ala-Gln.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Li
- Engineering Research Center of Application and Transformation for Synthetic Biology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Cong Du
- Engineering Research Center of Application and Transformation for Synthetic Biology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Zhanyu Jing
- Engineering Research Center of Application and Transformation for Synthetic Biology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Application and Transformation for Synthetic Biology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Chao Fan
- Innobio Corporation Limited, Dalian 116000, P. R. China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Wenjie Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Application and Transformation for Synthetic Biology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo 315016, P. R. China
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Vecchi CF, Said dos Santos R, Bassi da Silva J, Bruschi ML. Design and characterization of polymeric microneedles containing extracts of Brazilian green propolis. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 13:503-516. [PMID: 35800135 PMCID: PMC9194495 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.13.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microneedles (MNs) are a means to break the protective skin barrier in a minimally invasive way. By creating temporary micropores, they make biologically active agents available in the skin layers. Propolis (PRP) is a gum resin with a complex chemical composition, produced by bees Apis mellifera L. and showing several therapeutic properties (i.e., antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, healing, and immunomodulatory properties). The administration of PRP extracts by conventional routes has some disadvantages, such as running off over the skin in liquid or emulsion form. When taken orally, the extracts have a strong and unpleasant taste. The aim of this work was to fabricate and characterize microneedles containing polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, poloxamer P407, and an ethanolic or glycolic extract of PRP. Also, the obtained structures were microscopically and mechanically characterized. The results of the mechanical analysis showed that formulations containing 3% of P407 presented the highest compression values in a hard surface, which was also confirmed by the height and base values of the morphological analysis and by the microscopy images. It was possible to design MNs and select the best formulations for future tests. MNs containing an ethanolic extract of PRP showed to be better structured than MNs containing a glycolic extract of PRP. The MNs obtained in these studies proved to be a promising platform for the topical application of PRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Felix Vecchi
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Said dos Santos
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Bassi da Silva
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Marcos Luciano Bruschi
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
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Zaitseva O, Khudyakov A, Sergushkina M, Solomina O, Polezhaeva T. Pectins as a universal medicine. Fitoterapia 2020; 146:104676. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Krupek T, Ferrari BJW, Silva MARCPD, Schamber CR, Bertolini DA, Bruschi ML, Previdelli ITS, Pereira OCN, Dias JRC, Curi R, Bazotte RB. Effervescent Glutamine Formulation Improves the Beneficial Effects of Antiretroviral Therapies on Immune Function in HIV/AIDS Carrier Patients. J Med Food 2019; 23:485-490. [PMID: 31634026 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of oral supplementation with an effervescent glutamine formulation on the beneficial effects of antiretroviral therapies was evaluated in people living with HIV/AIDS. For this purpose, 12 HIV/AIDS carrier patients with CD4+ T cell counts <500, and who had received the same antiretroviral therapy for at least 1 year before starting this investigation were selected. The patients were required to dissolve the effervescent glutamine formulation (supplied in sachets) in water immediately before oral ingestion (12.4 g), once a day, after lunch or after dinner during 30 days. CD4+ T cell counts, complete blood cell counts, serum cytokines, and amino acids levels were quantified; biochemical and toxicological measurements were performed. The numbers of CD4+ T cells were increased (P < .05), and the serum C-reactive protein levels decreased (P < .01) after the administration of effervescent glutamine formulation. Serum levels of interferon-gamma inducible protein-10, RANTES, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β were decreased after the treatment with effervescent glutamine formulation. No changes were observed in the serum levels of amino acids, hematological, toxicological, and biochemical parameters. In conclusion, the treatment during 30 days with effervescent glutamine formulation was well tolerated, promoted reduction of inflammation, and improved the beneficial effects of antiretroviral therapies in HIV/AIDS carrier patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuane Krupek
- Postgraduate Programs in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Dennis Armando Bertolini
- Postgraduate Programs in Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Marcos Luciano Bruschi
- Postgraduate Programs in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil
| | | | - Omar Cleo Neves Pereira
- Postgraduate Programs in Biostatistics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - José Ricardo Colleti Dias
- Public Service Health Care for Sexually Transmitted Diseases/Aids Center of Maringá City, Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Roberto Barbosa Bazotte
- Postgraduate Programs in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil
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Nova MV, Nothnagel L, Thurn M, Travassos PB, Herculano LS, Bittencourt PR, Novello CR, Bazotte RB, Wacker MG, Bruschi ML. Development study of pectin/Surelease® solid microparticles for the delivery of L-alanyl-L-glutamine dipeptide. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Minzanova ST, Mironov VF, Arkhipova DM, Khabibullina AV, Mironova LG, Zakirova YM, Milyukov VA. Biological Activity and Pharmacological Application of Pectic Polysaccharides: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1407. [PMID: 30961332 PMCID: PMC6401843 DOI: 10.3390/polym10121407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pectin is a polymer with a core of alternating α-1,4-linked d-galacturonic acid and α-1,2-l-rhamnose units, as well as a variety of neutral sugars such as arabinose, galactose, and lesser amounts of other sugars. Currently, native pectins have been compared to modified ones due to the development of natural medicines and health products. In this review, the results of a study of the bioactivity of pectic polysaccharides, including its various pharmacological applications, such as its immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, antibacterial, antioxidant and antitumor activities, have been summarized. The potential of pectins to contribute to the enhancement of drug delivery systems has been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salima T Minzanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia.
| | - Vladimir F Mironov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia.
| | - Daria M Arkhipova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia.
| | - Anna V Khabibullina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia.
| | - Lubov G Mironova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia.
| | - Yulia M Zakirova
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan University, KFU, Kazan 420008, Russia.
| | - Vasili A Milyukov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia.
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