1
|
Abbasi NM, Anderson JL, Pellett JD, Yehl PM, Del Barrio MA, Zhong Q. Deep eutectic solvents as green and sustainable diluents in headspace gas chromatography for the determination of trace level genotoxic impurities in pharmaceuticals. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 244:116128. [PMID: 38598924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Genotoxic impurities (GTIs) are potential carcinogens that need to be controlled down to ppm or lower concentration levels in pharmaceuticals under strict regulations. The static headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC) coupled with electron capture detection (ECD) is an effective approach to monitor halogenated and nitroaromatic genotoxins. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) possess tunable physico-chemical properties and low vapor pressure for HS-GC methods. In this study, zwitterionic and non-ionic DESs have been used for the first time to develop and validate a sensitive analytical method for the analysis of 24 genotoxins at sub-ppm concentrations. Compared to non-ionic diluents, zwitterionic DESs produced exceptional analytical performance and the betaine : 7 (1,4- butane diol) DES outperformed the betaine : 5 (1,4-butane diol) DES. Limits of detection (LOD) down to the 5-ppb concentration level were achieved in DESs. Wide linear ranges spanning over 5 orders of magnitude (0.005-100 µg g-1) were obtained for most analytes with exceptional sensitivities and high precision. The method accuracy and precision were validated using 3 commercially available drug substances and excellent recoveries were obtained. This study broadens the applicability of HS-GC in the determination of less volatile GTIs by establishing DESs as viable diluent substitutes for organic solvents in routine pharmaceutical analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabeel Mujtaba Abbasi
- Genentech Synthetic Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jared L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Ames National Laboratory-USDOE, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jackson D Pellett
- Genentech Synthetic Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Peter M Yehl
- Genentech Synthetic Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Mary-Anne Del Barrio
- Genentech Synthetic Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Qiqing Zhong
- Genentech Synthetic Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nicolau A, Mutch AL, Thickett SC. Applications of Functional Polymeric Eutectogels. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400405. [PMID: 39007171 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have captured significant attention as an emergent class of solvents that have unique properties and applications in differing fields of chemistry. One area where DES systems find utility is the design of polymeric gels, often referred to as "eutectogels," which can be prepared either using a DES to replace a traditional solvent, or where monomers form part of the DES themselves. Due to the extensive network of intramolecular interactions (e.g., hydrogen bonding) and ionic species that exist in DES systems, polymeric eutectogels often possess appealing material properties-high adhesive strength, tuneable viscosity, rapid polymerization kinetics, good conductivity, as well as high strength and flexibility. In addition, non-covalent crosslinking approaches are possible due to the inherent interactions that exist in these materials. This review considers several key applications of polymeric eutectogels, including organic electronics, wearable sensor technologies, 3D printing resins, adhesives, and a range of various biomedical applications. The design, synthesis, and properties of these eutectogels are discussed, in addition to the advantages of this synthetic approach in comparison to traditional gel design. Perspectives on the future directions of this field are also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alma Nicolau
- School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7005, Australia
| | - Alexandra L Mutch
- School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7005, Australia
| | - Stuart C Thickett
- School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7005, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rinesh T, Srinivasan H, Sharma VK, Mitra S. Unraveling relationship between complex lifetimes and microscopic diffusion in deep eutectic solvents. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:024501. [PMID: 38973757 DOI: 10.1063/5.0213402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Aqueous mixtures of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as a subject of interest in recent years for their tailored physicochemical properties. However, a comprehensive understanding of water's multifaceted influence on the microscopic dynamics, including its impact on improved transport properties of the DES, remains elusive. Additionally, the diffusion mechanisms within DESs manifest heterogeneous behavior, intricately tied to the formation and dissociation kinetics of complexes and hydrogen bonds. Therefore, it is imperative to explore the intricate interplay between bond kinetics, diffusion mechanism, and dynamical heterogeneity. This work employs water as an agent to explore their relationships by studying various relaxation phenomena in a DES based on acetamide and lithium perchlorate over a wide range of water concentrations. Notably, acetamide exhibits Fickian yet non-Gaussian diffusion across all water concentrations with Fickian (τf) and Gaussian (τg) timescales following a power-law relationship, τg∝τfγ, γ ∼ 1.4. The strength of coupling between bond kinetics and different diffusion timescales is estimated through various power-law relationships. Notably, acetamide-water hydrogen bond lifetime is linked to diffusive timescales through a single power-law over the entire water concentration studied. However, the relationship between diffusive timescales and the lifetime of acetamide-lithium complexes shows a sharp transition in behavior at 20 wt. % water, reflecting a change from vehicular diffusion below this concentration to structural diffusion above it. Our findings emphasize the critical importance of understanding bond dynamics within DESs, as they closely correlate with and regulate the molecular diffusion processes within these systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Rinesh
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - H Srinivasan
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - V K Sharma
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - S Mitra
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li S, Abdelquader MM, Andrews GP, Jones DS. Towards a greater understanding of the deep eutectic phenomenon through examination of the lidocaine-NSAID therapeutic deep eutectic systems. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 200:114329. [PMID: 38761870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Therapeutic deep eutectic solvents (THEDES) have been attracting increasing attention in the pharmaceutical literature as a promising enabling technology capable of improving physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties for difficult-to-deliver drug compounds. The current literature has explored amide local anaesthetics and carboxylic acid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) as commonly used THEDES formers for their active hydrogen-bonding functionality. However, little is known about what happens within the "deep eutectic" region where a range of binary compositions present simply as a liquid with no melting events detectable across experimentally achievable conditions. There is also very limited understanding of how parent compounds' physicochemical properties could impact upon the formation, interaction mechanism, and stability of the formed liquid systems, despite the significance of these information in dose adjustment, industrial handling, and scaling-up of these liquids. In the current work, we probed the "deep eutectic" phenomenon by investigating the formation and physicochemical behaviours of some chosen lidocaine-NSAID systems across a wide range of composition ratios. Our data revealed that successfully formed THEDES exhibited composition dependent Tg variations with strong positive deviations from predicted Tg values using the Gordon-Taylor theory, suggesting substantial interactions within the formed supramolecular structure. Interestingly, it was found that the parent compound's glass forming ability had a noticeable impact upon such profound interaction and hence could dictate the success of THEDES formation. It has also been confirmed that all successful systems were formed based on charge-assisted hydrogen bonding within their THEDES network, affirming the significant role of partial protonisation on achieving a profound melting point depression. More importantly, the work found that within the "deep eutectic" region there was still an ideal, or thermodynamically preferrable "THEDES point", which would exhibit excellent stability upon exposure to stress storage conditions. The discoveries of this study bring the literature one step closer to fully understanding the "therapeutic deep eutectic" phenomenon. Through correlation between parent reagents' physicochemical properties and the synthesised products' characteristics, we establish a more educated process for the prediction and engineering of THEDES.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Li
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Magdy M Abdelquader
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Gavin P Andrews
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - David S Jones
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Balenzano G, Racaniello GF, Spennacchio A, Lopalco A, Iacobazzi RM, Lopedota AA, Laquintana V, Denora N. Harnessing therapeutic deep eutectic solvents in self-emulsifying systems to improve CBD delivery. Int J Pharm 2024; 659:124267. [PMID: 38797251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In this study, Cannabidiol crystals (CBD) were used as a BCS class II model drug to generate a novel therapeutic deep eutectic solvent (THEDES) with easy preparation using caprylic acid (CA). The hydrogen bonding interaction was confirmed by different techniques such as FT-IR and NMR, resulting in a hydrophobic system suitable for liquid formulations. The CBD-based THEDES, combined with a specific mixture of surfactants and co-surfactants, successfully formed a self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) that generated uniform nano-sized droplets once dispersed in water. Hence, the THEDES showed compatibility with the self-emulsifying approach, offering an alternative method to load drugs at their therapeutic dosage. Physical stability concerns regarding the unconventional oily phase were addressed through stress tests using multiple and dynamic light scattering, demonstrating the robustness of the system. In addition, the formulated SEDDS proved effective in protecting CBD from the harsh acidic gastric environment for up to 2 h at pH 1.2. Furthermore, in vitro studies have confirmed the safety of the formulation and the ability of CBD to permeate Caco-2 cells when formulated. This investigation highlights the potential incorporation of THEDES in lipid-based formulations like SEDDS, expanding the avenues for innovative oral drug delivery approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Balenzano
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona, 4 I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Francesco Racaniello
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona, 4 I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Spennacchio
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona, 4 I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Lopalco
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona, 4 I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Iacobazzi
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona, 4 I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Assunta Lopedota
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona, 4 I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Valentino Laquintana
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona, 4 I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona, 4 I-70125, Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tavares Duarte de Alencar LV, Rodríguez-Reartes SB, Tavares FW, Llovell F. Assessing Viscosity in Sustainable Deep Eutectic Solvents and Cosolvent Mixtures: An Artificial Neural Network-Based Molecular Approach. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2024; 12:7987-8000. [PMID: 38817974 PMCID: PMC11135163 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c07219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are gaining recognition as environmentally friendly solvent alternatives for diverse chemical processes. Yet, designing DESs tailored to specific applications is a resource-intensive task, which requires an accurate estimation of their physicochemical properties. Among them, viscosity is crucial, as it often dictates a DES's suitability as a solvent. In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) is introduced to accurately describe the viscosity of DESs and their mixtures with cosolvents. The ANN utilizes molecular parameters derived from σ-profiles, computed using the conductor-like screening model for the real solvent segment activity coefficient (COSMO-SAC). The data set comprises 1891 experimental viscosity measurements for 48 DESs based on choline chloride, encompassing 279 different compositions, along with 1618 data points of DES mixtures with cosolvents as water, methanol, isopropanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide, covering a wide range of viscosity measurements from 0.3862 to 4722 mPa s. The optimal ANN structure for describing the logarithmic viscosity of DESs is configured as 9-19-16-1, achieving an overall average absolute relative deviation of 1.6031%. More importantly, the ANN shows a remarkable extrapolation capacity, as it is capable of predicting the viscosity of systems including solvents (ethanol) and hydrogen bond donors (2,3-butanediol) not considered in the training. The ANN model also demonstrates an extensive applicability domain, covering 94.17% of the entire database. These achievements represent a significant step forward in developing robust, open source, and highly accurate models for DESs using molecular descriptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luan Vittor Tavares Duarte de Alencar
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, ETSEQ, Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Programa
de Engenharia Química (PEQ/COPPE), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Athos da Silveira Ramos Avenue,
149 - Block G -Ilha do Fundão, Rio de
Janeiro, RJ 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Belén Rodríguez-Reartes
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, ETSEQ, Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departamento
de Ingeniería Química, Universidad
Nacional del Sur (UNS), Avda. Alem 1253, Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
- Planta
Piloto de Ingeniería Química − PLAPIQUI (UNS-CONICET), Camino “La Carrindanga”
Km 7, Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
| | - Frederico Wanderley Tavares
- Programa
de Engenharia Química (PEQ/COPPE), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Athos da Silveira Ramos Avenue,
149 - Block G -Ilha do Fundão, Rio de
Janeiro, RJ 21949-900, Brazil
- Engenharia
de Processos Químicos e Bioquímicos, Escola de Química
(EPQB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
(UFRJ), Athos da Silveira Ramos Avenue, 149 - Block E - Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Fèlix Llovell
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, ETSEQ, Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Javed S, Mangla B, Sultan MH, Almoshari Y, Sivadasan D, Alqahtani SS, Madkhali OA, Ahsan W. Pharmaceutical applications of therapeutic deep eutectic systems (THEDES) in maximising drug delivery. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29783. [PMID: 38694051 PMCID: PMC11058303 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The issue of poor solubility of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) has been a salient area of investigation and novel drug delivery systems are being developed to improve the solubility of drugs, enhance their permeability and thereby their efficacy. Several techniques for solubilization enhancement of poorly soluble drugs are often employed at various stages of pharmaceutical drug product development. One such delivery system is the therapeutic deep eutectic system (THEDES), which showed great potential in the enhancement of solubility and permeability of drugs and ultimately augmenting their bioavailability. THEDES are made by mixing drugs with deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in a definite molar ratio by the hit and trial method. The DESs are a new class of green solvents which are non-toxic, cheap, easy to prepare, biodegradable and have multiple applications in the pharmaceutical industry. The terminologies such as ionic liquids (ILs), DES, THEDES, and therapeutic liquid eutectic systems (THELES) have been very much in use recently, and it is important to highlight the pharmaceutical applications of these unexplored reservoirs in drug solubilization enhancement, drug delivery routes, and in the management of various diseases. This review is aimed at discussing the components, formulation strategies, and routes of administration of THEDES that are used in developing the formulation. Also, the major pharmaceutical applications of THEDES in the treatment of various metabolic and non-metabolic diseases are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shamama Javed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bharti Mangla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Muhammad H. Sultan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yosif Almoshari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Durgaramani Sivadasan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad S. Alqahtani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A. Madkhali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waquar Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cysewski P, Jeliński T, Przybyłek M, Mai A, Kułak J. Experimental and Machine-Learning-Assisted Design of Pharmaceutically Acceptable Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Solubility Improvement of Non-Selective COX Inhibitors Ibuprofen and Ketoprofen. Molecules 2024; 29:2296. [PMID: 38792157 PMCID: PMC11124057 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are commonly used in pharmaceutical applications as excellent solubilizers of active substances. This study investigated the tuning of ibuprofen and ketoprofen solubility utilizing DESs containing choline chloride or betaine as hydrogen bond acceptors and various polyols (ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, glycerol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol) as hydrogen bond donors. Experimental solubility data were collected for all DES systems. A machine learning model was developed using COSMO-RS molecular descriptors to predict solubility. All studied DESs exhibited a cosolvency effect, increasing drug solubility at modest concentrations of water. The model accurately predicted solubility for ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and related analogs (flurbiprofen, felbinac, phenylacetic acid, diphenylacetic acid). A machine learning approach utilizing COSMO-RS descriptors enables the rational design and solubility prediction of DES formulations for improved pharmaceutical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Cysewski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Pharmacy Faculty, Collegium Medicum of Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Kurpińskiego 5, 85-096 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (T.J.); (M.P.)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Negi T, Kumar A, Sharma SK, Rawat N, Saini D, Sirohi R, Prakash O, Dubey A, Dutta A, Shahi NC. Deep eutectic solvents: Preparation, properties, and food applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28784. [PMID: 38617909 PMCID: PMC11015381 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) emerge as innovative 21st-century solvents, supplanting traditional ones like ethanol and n-hexane. Renowned for their non-toxic, biodegradable, and water-miscible nature with reduced volatility, DESs are mostly synthesized through heating and stirring method. Physicochemical properties such as polarity, viscosity, density and surface tension of DESs influenced their application. This review paper gives the overview of application of eco-benign DESs in fruits, vegetables, cereals, pulses, spices, herbs, plantation crops, oil seed crops, medicinal and aromatic plants, seaweed, and milk for the extraction of bioactive compounds. Also, it gives insight of determination of pesticides, insecticides, hazardous and toxic compounds, removal of heavy metals, detection of illegal milk additive, purification of antibiotics and preparation of packaging film. Methodologies for separating bioactive compounds from DESs extracts are systematically examined. Further, safety regulations of DESs are briefly discussed and reviewed literature reveals prevalent utilization of DES-based bioactive compound rich extracts in cosmetics, indicating untapped potential of their application in the food industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taru Negi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Satish Kumar Sharma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Neha Rawat
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Deepa Saini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, 303329, Rajasthan, India
| | - Om Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ashutosh Dubey
- Department of Biochemistry, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anuradha Dutta
- Department of Foods & Nutrition, College of Community Sciences, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Navin Chand Shahi
- Department of Post-Harvest Process and Food Engineering, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sharma A, Lee BS. Toxicity test profile for deep eutectic solvents: A detailed review and future prospects. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141097. [PMID: 38171392 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are preferable in terms of starting materials, storage and synthesis, simplicity, and component material affordability. In several industries ranging from chemical, electrochemical, biological, biotechnology, material science, etc., DES has demonstrated remarkable potential. Despite all these accomplishments, the safety issue with DES must be adequately addressed. Different DES interacts with the cellular membranes differently. It is not possible to classify all DES as easily biodegradable. By expanding the current understanding of the toxicity and biodegradation of DES, interactions between organisms and cellular membranes can be linked. The DES toxicity profile varies according to their concentration, the nature of the individual components, and how they interact with living things. Therefore, the results of this review can serve as a baseline for DES development in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bong-Seop Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cherniakova M, Varchenko V, Belikov K. Menthol-Based (Deep) Eutectic Solvents: A Review on Properties and Application in Extraction. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300267. [PMID: 37861277 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
In the last 10 years the interest in deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as a new class of green solvents has considerably increased. The emergence of numerous of hydrophobic DESs has stimulated intensive research into their application in extraction technologies, including sample preparation. As the properties of such systems are highly dependent on the properties of their components (hydrogen bond donors and acceptors) and can be finely tuned, DESs can be successfully used for the extraction of both metal ions and organic substances, including biomolecules. Despite the rapidly increasing number of publications on the use of DESs as an extraction medium, including review articles, information on the extraction properties of DESs in terms of their chemical composition has not yet been summarized. This review covers available literature data on the physicochemical properties of menthol-based eutectic solvents and the results of their practical application as an extraction medium. Also, the appropriateness of using the term "DES" for all mixtures with melting points lower than the melting points of their components is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marharyta Cherniakova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, State Scientific Institution "Institute for Single Crystals" of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave., 61072, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Victoria Varchenko
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, State Scientific Institution "Institute for Single Crystals" of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave., 61072, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Konstantin Belikov
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, State Scientific Institution "Institute for Single Crystals" of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave., 61072, Kharkiv, Ukraine
- School of Chemistry, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 6 Svobody sq., 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Barani Pour S, Dabbagh Hosseini Pour M, Jahanbin Sardroodi J, Rastkar Ebrahimzadeh A, Pazuki G. Effect of water addition on caprylic acid: Quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) deep eutectic solvents: Characterization of their structural and dynamical properties. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 125:108561. [PMID: 37660617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Physicochemical properties of the binary mixtures based on Caprylic acid: Quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) (7:3 mol ratio) are investigated using MD simulations. Considering the hydrophobic character of eutectic solvents based on long-chain fatty acids, the stability of the binary mixtures was investigated in the adjacent water. In order to investigate the effect of water on intermolecular interactions in binary mixtures, the structural properties of the binary mixtures in the pure state and adjacent to water were investigated at 310 K. Assessed structural properties include the combined distribution functions (CDFs), the radial distribution functions (RDFs), the angular distribution functions (ADFs), and the Hydrogen bonding network between HBA and HBD and Spatial distribution functions (SDF). We aimed to represent the structural stability of eutectic solvents based on Caprylic acid and Quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) as a function of the alkyl chain length of cations, the evidence was found for the interaction between the chloride anion leads to the transition of HBA to the water-rich phase. The alkyl chain length of cations of Quaternary ammonium salts shows the stability of eutectic solvents in the adjacent water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Barani Pour
- Molecular Science and Engineering Research Group (MSERG), Molecular Simulation Lab, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mitra Dabbagh Hosseini Pour
- Molecular Science and Engineering Research Group (MSERG), Molecular Simulation Lab, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran; Molecular Science and Engineering Research Group (MSERG), Department of Chemistry, Molecular Simulation Lab, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jaber Jahanbin Sardroodi
- Molecular Science and Engineering Research Group (MSERG, Department of Physics, Molecular Simulation Lab, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | - Gholamreza Pazuki
- Molecular Science and Engineering Research Group (MSERG, Department of Physics, Molecular Simulation Lab, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kaviani R, Shayanfar A. Comments on "Overview and thermodynamic modelling of deep eutectic solvents as co-solvents to enhance drug solubilities in water". Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 193:306-307. [PMID: 38000516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
This communication highlights the significance of the final pH of the solution and the potential instability of deep eutectic solvent (DES) within aqueous solutions, and introducing a challenging aspect regarding solute solubilization by DESs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raha Kaviani
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Shayanfar
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Spittle S, Alfurayj I, Hansen BB, Glynn K, Brackett W, Pandian R, Burda C, Sangoro J. Enhanced Dynamics and Charge Transport at the Eutectic Point: A New Paradigm for the Use of Deep Eutectic Solvent Systems. JACS AU 2023; 3:3024-3030. [PMID: 38034979 PMCID: PMC10685424 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a class of versatile solvents with promise for a wide range of applications, from separation processes to electrochemical energy storage technologies. A fundamental understanding of the correlation among the structure, thermodynamics, and dynamics of these materials necessary for targeted rational design for specific applications is still nascent. Here, we employ differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS), and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (fs-TAS) to investigate the correlation among thermodynamics, dynamics, and charge transport in mixtures comprising a wide range of compositions of choline chloride (ChCl) and ethylene glycol (EG). Detailed analyses reveal that (i) the eutectic composition of this prototypical DES occurs in the 15-20 mol % ChCl in the EG range rather than the previously assumed 33 mol %, and (ii) both rotational dynamics and charge transport at the eutectic composition are enhanced in this composition range. These findings highlight the fundamental interplay between thermodynamics and dynamics in determining the properties of DESs that are relevant to many applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Spittle
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Ibrahim Alfurayj
- Department
of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Benworth Bryce Hansen
- William
G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Kaylie Glynn
- William
G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - William Brackett
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Rathiesh Pandian
- Department
of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Clemens Burda
- Department
of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Joshua Sangoro
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- William
G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Balenzano G, Racaniello GF, Arduino I, Lopedota AA, Lopalco A, Laquintana V, Denora N. Cyclodextrin-based supramolecular deep eutectic solvent (CycloDES): A vehicle for the delivery of poorly soluble drugs. Int J Pharm 2023; 647:123553. [PMID: 37884215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop a new class of deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of a complexation agent, namely hydroxy-propyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), to exploit a synergic solubilization-enhancing approach. For this purpose, cyclodextrin-based supramolecular DES (CycloDES) were physical-chemical characterized and loaded with three different BCS class II model drugs, specifically Cannabidiol, Indomethacin, and Dexamethasone, evaluating the influence of different factors on the observed solubility and permeation compared with the only HPβCD/drug complexation. Hence, CycloDESs were presented as a possible vehicle for drugs and represent a novel potential approach for solving BCS class II and IV solubility issues, demonstrating at least a 100-fold improvement in the investigated drug solubilities. Furthermore, CycloDESs demonstrated a significantly improved resistance to dilution preserving a high percentage of drug in solution (i.e. 93% for Indomethacin) when water is added to the DES if compared with a glucose-choline chloride DES, used as a standard. This evidence guarantees the solubility-enhancing effect useful for the delivery of BCS class II and IV drugs converting solid raw material to advantageous liquid vehicles bypassing the rate-determining dissolution step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Balenzano
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Francesco Racaniello
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Arduino
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Assunta Lopedota
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Lopalco
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Valentino Laquintana
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Piao H, Xie W, Li S, Wang J, Liu C, Quan P, Fang L. Ternary Deep Eutectic Solvents System of Colchicine, 4-Hydroxyacetophenone, and Protocatechuic Acid and Characterization of Transdermal Enhancement Mechanism. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:229. [PMID: 37964102 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02681-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to prepare colchicine (CO), 4-hydroxyacetophenone (HA), and protocatechuic acid (CA) contained in transdermal rubber plasters into a more releasable and acrylate pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) to optimize traditional Touguling rubber plasters (TOU) with enhanced transdermal permeability by using deep eutectic solvents (DES) technology. We compared the difference in the release behavior of CO between rubber plaster and PSA, determined the composition of the patch through pharmacodynamic experiments, explored the transdermal behavior of the three components, optimized the patch formula factors, and improved the penetration of CO through the skin. We also focused on elucidating the interactions among the three components of DES and the intricate relationship between DES and the skin. The melting point of DES was determined using DSC, while FTIR, 13C NMR, and ATR-FTIR were used to explore the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of DES, as well as its enhancement of skin permeability. The results of this investigation confirmed the successful formation of DES, marked by a discernible melting point at 27.33°C. The optimized patch, formulated with a molar ratio of 1:1:1 for CO, HA, and CA, significantly enhanced skin permeability, with the measured skin permeation quantities being 32.26 ± 2.98 µg/cm2, 117.67 ± 7.73 µg/cm2, and 56.79 ± 1.30 µg/cm2 respectively. Remarkably, the optimized patch also demonstrated similar analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects compared to commercial diclofenac diethylamide patches in different pharmacodynamics studies. The formation of DES altered drug compatibility with skin lipids and increased retention, driven by the interaction among the three component molecules through hydrogen bonding, effectively shielding the skin-binding sites and enhancing component permeation. In summary, the study demonstrated that optimized DES patches can concurrently enhance the penetration of CO, HA, and CA, thereby providing a promising approach for the development of DES in transdermal drug delivery systems. The findings also shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the transdermal behavior of DES and offer insights for developing more effective traditional Chinese medicine transdermal drug delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Piao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Wanchen Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Shiqi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Peng Quan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li D, Qi L, Yang M, Gu Y, Xue Y, Chen J, He M, Yang G. Switchable Deep Eutectic Solvents for Lignin Dissolution and Regeneration. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4233. [PMID: 37959912 PMCID: PMC10650827 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are promising for lignin dissolution and extraction. However, they usually possess high polarity and are difficult to recycle. To overcome this drawback, a variety of switchable ionic liquids (SILs) composed of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) and alcohols was synthesized and screened. According to the thermodynamic modeling suggestions, the selected DBU-HexOH SIL was coupled with hydrogen-bond donors to form switchable-DES (SDES) systems with moderated viscosity, conductivity, and pH while maintaining switchability. The SDESs produced a well-improved lignin and lignin model compound solubility compared with those of SILs; charging CO2 into SDES (SDESCO2) caused a further increase in solubility. The solubility (25 °C) of syringic acid, ferulic acid, and milled wood lignin in SDESCO2 reached 230.57, 452.17, and 279.12 mg/g, respectively. Such SDES-dissolved lignin can be regenerated using acetone as an anti-solvent. The SDES-regenerated lignin exhibited a well-preserved structure with no noticeable chemical modifications. Furthermore, the SDESCO2 lignin possessed a higher molecular weight (Mw = 10,340 g/mol; Mn = 7672 g/mol), improved uniformity (polydispersity index = 1.35), and a higher guaiacyl lignin unit content compared with the original milled wood lignin. The SDES system proposed in the present work could benefit the fractionation of lignin compounds and facilitate downstream industrial processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Letian Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; (D.L.); (M.Y.); (Y.G.); (Y.X.); (M.H.); (G.Y.)
| | | | | | | | - Jiachuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; (D.L.); (M.Y.); (Y.G.); (Y.X.); (M.H.); (G.Y.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mero A, Moody NR, Husanu E, Mezzetta A, D’Andrea F, Pomelli CS, Bernaert N, Paradisi F, Guazzelli L. Challenging DESs and ILs in the valorization of food waste: a case study. Front Chem 2023; 11:1270221. [PMID: 37942401 PMCID: PMC10628488 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1270221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the efficacy of two of the best performing green solvents for the fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass, cholinium arginate (ChArg) as biobased ionic liquid (Bio-IL) and ChCl:lactic acid (ChCl:LA, 1:10) as natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES), was investigated and compared in the pretreatment of an agri-food industry waste, apple fibers (90°C for 1 h). For the sake of comparison, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (BMIM OAc) as one of the best IL able to dissolve cellulose was also used. After the pretreatment, two fractions were obtained in each case. The results gathered through FTIR and TG analyses of the two materials and the subsequent DNS assay performed after enzymatic treatment led to identify ChArg as the best medium to delignify and remove waxes, present on the starting apple fibers, thus producing a material substantially enriched in cellulose (CRM). Conversely, ChCl:LA did not provide satisfactorily results using these mild conditions, while BMIM OAc showed intermediate performance probably on account of the reduced crystallinity of cellulose after the dissolution-regeneration process. To corroborate the obtained data, FTIR and TG analyses were also performed on the residues collected after the enzymatic hydrolysis. At the end of the pretreatment, ChArg was also quantitatively recovered without significant alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Mero
- Department of Pharmacy, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Consorzio INSTM, Firenze, Italy
| | - Nicholas R. Moody
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Husanu
- Department of Pharmacy, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Mezzetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Consorzio INSTM, Firenze, Italy
| | - Felicia D’Andrea
- Department of Pharmacy, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Consorzio INSTM, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Nathalie Bernaert
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - Francesca Paradisi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Guazzelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Consorzio INSTM, Firenze, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Oyoun F, Toncheva A, Henríquez LC, Grougnet R, Laoutid F, Mignet N, Alhareth K, Corvis Y. Deep Eutectic Solvents: An Eco-friendly Design for Drug Engineering. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300669. [PMID: 37463123 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
In the spirit of circular economy and sustainable chemistry, the use of environmentally friendly chemical products in pharmacy has become a hot topic. In recent years, organic solvents have been the subject of a great range of restriction policies due to their harmful effects on the environment and toxicity to human health. In parallel, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as suitable greener solvents with beneficial environmental impacts and a rich palette of physicochemical advantages related to their low cost and biocompatibility. Additionally, DESs can enable remarkable solubilizing effect for several active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), thus forming therapeutic DESs (TheDESs). In this work, special attention is paid to DESs, presenting a precise definition, classification, methods of preparation, and characterization. A description of natural DESs (NaDESs), i. e., eutectic solvents present in natural sources, is also reported. Moreover, the present review article is the first one to detail the different approaches for judiciously selecting the constituents of DESs in order to minimize the number of experiments. The role of DESs in the biomedical and pharmaceutical sectors and their impact on the development of successful therapies are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feras Oyoun
- CNRS, Inserm, Chemical and Biological Techniques for Health (UTCBS), Université Paris Cité, School of Pharmacy, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, F-75006, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Polymeric & Composite Materials, Materia Nova - Research and Innovative Center, Avenue Copernic 3, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Antoniya Toncheva
- Laboratory of Polymeric & Composite Materials, Materia Nova - Research and Innovative Center, Avenue Copernic 3, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Luis Castillo Henríquez
- CNRS, Inserm, Chemical and Biological Techniques for Health (UTCBS), Université Paris Cité, School of Pharmacy, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Raphael Grougnet
- Natural products, Analysis, Synthesis, UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM, Université Paris Cité, School of Pharmacy, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Fouad Laoutid
- Laboratory of Polymeric & Composite Materials, Materia Nova - Research and Innovative Center, Avenue Copernic 3, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- CNRS, Inserm, Chemical and Biological Techniques for Health (UTCBS), Université Paris Cité, School of Pharmacy, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Khair Alhareth
- CNRS, Inserm, Chemical and Biological Techniques for Health (UTCBS), Université Paris Cité, School of Pharmacy, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Yohann Corvis
- CNRS, Inserm, Chemical and Biological Techniques for Health (UTCBS), Université Paris Cité, School of Pharmacy, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, F-75006, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hu Y, Liang P, Wang Z, Jiang C, Zeng Q, Shen C, Wu Y, Liu L, Yi Y, Zhu H, Liu Q. Exploring the mechanism of solubilization and release of isoliquiritigenin in deep eutectic solvents. Int J Pharm 2023; 644:123298. [PMID: 37558146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a natural medicinal product with extensive pharmacological activities. However, its low solubility limits its application. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the solubilization and release mechanism of the ISL using deep eutectic solvents (DESs). The choline chloride (ChCl) and oxalic acid (OA)/malic acid (MA)/gallic acid (GA) were used to synthesize ChCl-OA/MA/GA DESs, and the solubility of ISL in these DESs was studied to explore the solubilization mechanism of ISL. The thermodynamic properties of DESs were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The molecular interactions in DESs were studied using spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The relative density of DESs was measured using a pycnometric method, its accuracy was validated by comparing it with the MD simulation. The release of ISL from ChCl-OA/MA/GA eutectogels was studied using Carbomer 940 as the thickener, and the release mechanism of ISL in the eutectogels was explored by the drug release kinetic model. The solubility study found that the solubility of ISL in ChCl-OA/MA/GA DESs is 30073, 5055, and 68,103 times higher than that in an aqueous solution. In addition, further studies using MD simulations revealed that enhancing the interactions between ISL and solvent molecules can improve the solubility of ISL in DESs. In vitro release studies showed that the release of ISL in ChCl-OA/MA/GA eutectogels followed a first-order release model, with correlation coefficients of 0.9812, 0.9916, and 0.9961, respectively. In conclusion, the study of the solubilization and release mechanism of ISL in DESs provides new ideas and methods for the study of poorly soluble drugs, which is expected to improve the efficacy and clinical application value of drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Peiyi Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Zhuxian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - CuiPing Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Quanfu Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Chunyan Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Yufan Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Yankui Yi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, PR China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chakraborty S, Sathe RY, Chormale JH, Dangi A, Bharatam PV, Bansal AK. Effect of Deep Eutectic System (DES) on Oral Bioavailability of Celecoxib: In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Study. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2351. [PMID: 37765319 PMCID: PMC10534828 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Different deep eutectic systems (DES) of choline chloride (CC)-urea (UA) (1:2), CC-glycerol (GLY) (1:2), CC-malonic acid (MA) (1:1), and CC-ascorbic acid (AA) (2:1) were generated and characterized by polarized light microscope (PLM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR). The equilibrium solubility of celecoxib (CLX) in DES was compared to that in deionized water. The CC-MA (1:1) system provided ~10,000 times improvement in the solubility of CLX (13,114.75 µg/g) and was used for the generation of the CLX-DES system. The latter was characterized by PLM and FTIR to study the microstructure and intermolecular interaction between the CLX and CC-MA (1:1) DES. FTIR demonstrated the retention of the chemical structure of CLX. In vitro drug release studies in FaSSIF initially demonstrated high supersaturation, which decreased by ~2 fold after 2 h. Density functional theory (DFT)-based calculations provided a molecular-level understanding of enhanced solubility. Gibbs free energy calculations established the role of the strongest binding of CLX with CC and MA. A phase solubility study highlighted the role of hydrotropy-induced solubilization of the CLX-DES system. Animal pharmacokinetic studies established 2.76 times improvement in Cmax, 1.52 times reduction in tmax, and 1.81 times improvement in AUC0-∞. The overall results demonstrated the potential of developing a DES-based supersaturating drug-delivery system for pharmaceutical loading of drugs having solubility and dissolution rate-limited oral bioavailability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumalya Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India; (S.C.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Rohit Y. Sathe
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India; (R.Y.S.); (P.V.B.)
| | - Jaydeep H. Chormale
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India; (S.C.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Ashish Dangi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India;
| | - Prasad V. Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India; (R.Y.S.); (P.V.B.)
| | - Arvind K. Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India; (S.C.); (J.H.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Su M, Huang M, Pang Z, Wei Y, Gao Y, Zhang J, Qian S, Heng W. Functional in situ formed deep eutectic solvents improving mechanical properties of powders by enhancing interfacial interactions. Int J Pharm 2023:123181. [PMID: 37364786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
As novel green solvents, deep eutectic solvent (DES) with distinct liquid properties has gained increasing interest in pharmaceutical fields. In this study, DES was firstly utilized for improving powder mechanical properties and tabletability of drugs, and the interfacial interaction mechanism was explored. Honokiol (HON), a natural bioactive compound, was used as model drug, and two novel HON-based DESs were synthesized with choline chloride (ChCl) and l-menthol (Men), respectively. The extensive non-covalent interactions were account for DES formation according to FTIR, 1H NMR and DFT calculation. PLM, DSC and solid-liquid phase diagram revealed that DES successfully in situ formed in HON powders, and the introduction of trace amount DES (99:1 w/w for HON-ChCl, 98:2 w/w for HON-Men) significantly improve mechanical properties of HON. Surface energy analysis and molecular simulation revealed that the introduced DES promoted the formation of solid-liquid interfaces and generation of polar interactions, which increase interparticulate interactions, thus better tabletability. Compared to nonionic HON-Men DES, ionic HON-ChCl DES exhibited better improvement effect, since their more hydrogen-bonding interactions and higher viscosity promote stronger interfacial interactions and adhesion effect. The current study provides a brand-new green strategy for improving powder mechanical properties and fills in the blank of DES application in pharmaceutical industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Su
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Maoli Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Zunting Pang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yuanfeng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Shuai Qian
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Weili Heng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jin L, Jin W, Zeng Q, Yu L, Yang J, Wan H, He Y. Optimization of green extraction process with natural deep eutectic solvent and comparative in vivo pharmacokinetics of bioactive compounds from Astragalus-Safflower pair. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154814. [PMID: 37062134 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDESs) are promising not only in componential extraction, but also in drug delivery system due to their green and safe features. In this work, NaDESs were applied to extract bioactive components from Astragalus-Safflower pair, a classic traditional Chinese medicine combination. Furthermore, ready-to-use crude extracts were administrated to SD rats. METHODS Total 9 NaDESs composed of food grade ingredients were screened for the extraction of representative 9 components (hydroxysafflor yellow A, anhydrosafflor yellow B, eleutheroside B, calycosin-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, ononin, calycosin, astraganoside, and carthamin) from Astragalus-Safflower pair. Afterwards, genetic artificial neural network (GNN) was adopted for optimizing the ultrasound-assisted extraction process. After SD rats were orally administrated with the ready-to-use crude extracts extracted under the optimized conditions, the in vivo pharmacokinetic characteristics of 5 components were evaluated comprehensively from weight, gender, solvent and modeling surgery, under a well-established UPLC-MS/MS method. RESULTS Betaine-Lactic acid (Bet-Lac) was eventually determined as the optimal extraction solvent for subsequent experiments. The optimal ultrasound assisted extraction process was as follows: 90 min of extraction time, 65 °C of temperature, 80% of Bet-Lac content and 50 mg/ml of solid-liquid ratio. Bet-Lac enhanced to varying degrees the bioavailability of analytes in normal and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injured (CI/RI) rats in contrast with corresponding rats administrated with water extract groups (p < 0.05). Besides, the bioavailability of active components in CI/RI rat plasma was significantly lower than that in normal rats (p < 0.05), indicating pathological damage of CI/R had a significant impact on pharmacokinetic profile of compounds in rats. However, gender and body weight had no significant effects on the pharmacokinetic profile of bioactive components. CONCLUSIONS NaDESs exhibited higher extraction efficiency than conventional solvents. And GNN is reliable to optimize the ultrasound assisted extraction process. This study supported the potential of non-toxic NaDESs as solvents for extraction process and drug delivery systems at the same time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P R China.
| | - Weifeng Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P R China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P R China
| | - Li Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P R China
| | - Jiehong Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P R China
| | - Haitong Wan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P R China..
| | - Yu He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P R China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hazrati A, Mirsanei Z, Heidari N, Malekpour K, Rahmani-Kukia N, Abbasi A, Soudi S. The potential application of encapsulated exosomes: A new approach to increase exosomes therapeutic efficacy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114615. [PMID: 37011484 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy is one of the methods that have shown promising results in treating diseases in recent decades. However, the use of different types of cells comes with limitations. The application of immune cells in cell therapy can lead to cytokine storms and inappropriate responses to self-antigens. Also, the use of stem cells has the potential to create tumors. Also, cells may not migrate to the injury site after intravenous injection. Therefore, using exosomes from different cells as therapeutic candidates were proposed. Due to their small size and favorable characteristics, such as biocompatibility and immunocompatibility, the easy storage and isolation, exosomes have attracted much attention. They are used in treating many diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, orthopedic diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. However, the results of various studies have shown that the therapeutic efficiency of exosomes (Exo) can be increased by loading different drugs and microRNAs inside them (encapsulated exosomes). Therefore, analyzing studies investigating encapsulated exosomes' therapeutic ability is critical. In this study, we have examined the studies related to the use of encapsulated exosomes in treating diseases such as cancer and infectious diseases and their use in regenerative medicine. Compared to intact exosomes, the results show that the application of encapsulated exosomes has a higher therapeutic ability. Therefore it is suggested to use this method depending on the treatment type to increase the treatment's efficiency.
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhu J, Wei Y, Zhang J, Qian S, Gao Y, Heng W. Are all poorly soluble drugs dissolved in deep eutectic solvents true solutions? J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 645:813-822. [PMID: 37172491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.04.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The ability of deep eutectic solvents (DES) to enhance solubility of poorly soluble drugs has attracted increasing attention. Researchers have shown that drugs could be dissolved well in DES. In this study, we propose a new existence state of drugs in DES: a quasi-two-phase colloidal system. EXPERIMENTS Six poorly soluble drugs were used as the models. The formation of colloidal systems was observed visually by the Tyndall effect and DLS. TEM and SAXS were performed to obtain their structure information. The intermolecular interactions between components were probed via DSC and 1H1H-ROESY. In addition, the properties of colloidal systems were further studied. FINDINGS Our key finding is that several drugs like lurasidone hydrochloride (LH) could form stable colloids in [Th (thymol)] - [Da (decanoic acid)] DES, resulting from weak interactions between drugs and DES, which is different from the true solution of drugs like ibuprofen where strong interactions were formed. In this LH-DES colloidal system, DES solvation layer was directly observed on the surface of drug particles. In addition, the colloidal system with polydispersity shows superior physical and chemical stability. Different to the prevailing view that substances are fully dissolved in DES, this study discovers another existence state as stable colloidal particles in DES.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junxiao Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yuanfeng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Qian
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.
| | - Weili Heng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Siddiqui R, Makhlouf Z, Akbar N, Khamis M, Ibrahim T, Khan AS, Khan NA. Antiamoebic properties of Methyltrioctylammonium chloride based deep eutectic solvents. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2023; 46:101758. [PMID: 36243521 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2022.101758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This aim of this study was to assess anti-parasitic properties of deep eutectic solvents against eye pathogen, Acanthamoeba, often associated with the use of contact lens. METHODS Assays were performed to investigate the effects of various Methyltrioctylammonium chloride-based deep eutectic solvents on Acanthamoeba castellanii, comprising amoebicidal assays, encystment assays, excystment assays, cytotoxicity assays by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release from human cells, and cytopathogenicity assays to determine parasite-mediated host cell death. RESULTS In a 2 h incubation period, DES-B, DES-C, DES-D, and DES-E exhibited up to 85 % amoebicidal activity at micromolar doses, which was enhanced further following 24 h incubation. When tested in encystment assays, selected deep eutectic solvents abolished cyst formation and were able to block excystment of A. castellanii. All solvents exhibited minimal human cell cytotoxicity except DES-D. Finally, all tested deep eutectic solvents inhibited amoeba-mediated cytopathogenicity, except DES-B. CONCLUSIONS Deep eutectic solvents show potent antiamoebic effects. These findings are promising and could lead to the development of novel contact lens disinfectants, as well as opening several avenues to explore the molecular mechanisms, various doses and incubation periods, and use of different bases against Acanthamoeba castellanii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates; Istinye Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zinb Makhlouf
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noor Akbar
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mustafa Khamis
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Taleb Ibrahim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amir Sada Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology, Banuu 28100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, C
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, University, City, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Istinye Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey..
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Basu M, Hassan PA, Shelar SB. Modulation of surfactant self-assembly in deep eutectic solvents and its relevance to drug delivery-A review. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
28
|
Abdelquader MM, Li S, Andrews GP, Jones DS. Therapeutic Deep Eutectic Solvents: A Comprehensive Review of Their Thermodynamics, Microstructure and Drug Delivery Applications. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 186:85-104. [PMID: 36907368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are multicomponent liquids that are usually formed by coupling a hydrogen bond donor and acceptor leading to strong non-covalent (NC) intermolecular networking and profound depression in the melting point of the system. Pharmaceutically, this phenomenon has been exploited to improve drugs' physicochemical properties, with an established DES therapeutic subcategory, therapeutic deep eutectic solvents (THEDES). THEDES preparation is usually via straightforward synthetic processes with little involvement of sophisticated techniques, which, in addition to its thermodynamic stability, make these multi-component molecular adducts a very attractive alternative for drug enabling purposes. Other NC bonded binary systems (e.g., co-crystals and ionic liquids) are utilized in the pharmaceutical field for enhancing drug's behaviours. However, a clear distinction between these systems and THEDES is scarcely discussed in the current literature. Accordingly, this review provides a structure-based categorization for DES formers, a discussion of its thermodynamic properties and phase behaviour, and it clarifies the physicochemical and microstructure boundaries between DES and other NC systems. Additionally, a summary of its preparation techniques and their experimental conditions preparation is supplied. Instrumental analysis techniques can be used to characterize and differentiate DES from other NC mixtures, hence this review draws a road map to for this purpose. Since this work mainly focuses on pharmaceutical applications of DES, all types of THEDES including the highly discussed types (conventional, drugs dissolved in DES and polymer based) in addition to the less discussed categories are covered. Finally, the regulatory status of THEDES was investigated despite the current unclear situation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdy M Abdelquader
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanat, Egypt.
| | - Shu Li
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Gavin P Andrews
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - David S Jones
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
The Fundamental Role of Lipids in Polymeric Nanoparticles: Dermal Delivery and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cannabidiol. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041774. [PMID: 36838759 PMCID: PMC9962451 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This report presents a nanoparticulate platform for cannabidiol (CBD) for topical treatment of inflammatory conditions. We have previously shown that stabilizing lipids improve the encapsulation of CBD in ethyl cellulose nanoparticles. In this study, we examined CBD release, skin permeation, and the capability of lipid-stabilized nanoparticles (LSNs) to suppress the release of IL-6 and IL-8. The nanoparticles were stabilized with cetyl alcohol (CA), stearic acid (SA), lauric acid (LA), and an SA/LA eutectic combination (SALA). LSN size and concentration were measured and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), in vitro release of loaded CBD, and skin permeability. IL-6 and IL-8 secretions from TNF-α-induced HaCaT cells were monitored following different LSN treatments. CBD released from the LSNs in dispersion at increasing concentrations of polysorbate 80 showed non-linear solubilization, which was explained by recurrent precipitation. A significant high release of CBD in a cell culture medium was shown from SALA-stabilized nanoparticles. Skin permeation was >30% lower from SA-stabilized nanoparticles compared to the other LSNs. Investigation of the CBD-loaded LSNs' effect on the release of IL-6 and IL-8 from TNF-α-induced HaCaT cells showed that nanoparticles stabilized with CA, LA, or SALA were similarly effective in suppressing cytokine release. The applicability of the CBD-loaded LSNs to treat topical inflammatory conditions has been supported by their dermal permeation and release inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Collapse
|
30
|
Physicochemical Properties and Transdermal Absorption of a Flurbiprofen and Lidocaine Complex in the Non-Crystalline Form. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020318. [PMID: 36839643 PMCID: PMC9961180 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Amorphous drug formulations exploiting drug-drug interactions have been extensively studied. This study aims to develop a transdermal system containing an amorphous complex of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) flurbiprofen (FLU) and lidocaine (LDC) for alleviating chronic pain. The high-viscosity complex between FLU and LDC (Complex) was obtained by heating in ethanol. For the complex, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed a shift in the carboxy-group-derived peak of FLU, and differential scanning calorimetry indicated the endothermic peaks associated with the melting of FLU and LDC disappeared. 13C dipolar decoupling and 15N cross-polarization magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance measurement suggested the interaction between the carboxyl group of FLU and the secondary amine of LDC. The interaction between the aromatic rings of FLU and LDC contributed to the molecular complex formation. The solubility of FLU from the complex was about 100 times greater than FLU alone. The skin permeation flux of FLU from the complex through the hairless mouse skin was 3.8 times higher than FLU alone in hypromellose gel. Thus, adding LDC to the formulation can be an effective method for enhancing the skin permeation of NSAIDs, which can prove useful for treating chronic pain and inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
31
|
Długosz O. Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents in the Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoparticles. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:627. [PMID: 36676363 PMCID: PMC9862785 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural deep eutectic solvents (NDESs), as a new type of green solvent, are used in many fields, including industry in extraction processes, medicine, pharmaceuticals, metallurgy, electrodeposition, separations, gas capture, biocatalysis and nanotechnology. Mainly due to their properties, such as simple preparation, environmental friendliness, biocompatibility and multifunctionality, they are being used in various fields of industry. This review aims to provide insight into the applications of natural deep eutectic solvents, specifically in nanotechnology processes. It focuses on the description of NDES and how their physicochemical properties are used to obtain functional nanomaterials, including metals, metal oxides and salts. It highlights how the use of NDESs to obtain a wide range of inorganic nanoparticles enables the elimination of disadvantages of traditional methods of obtaining them, including reducing energy consumption and functionalising nanoparticles in situ. In conclusion, recent advances and future directions in the development and applications of NDESs in nanotechnology are discussed with the aim of identifying unexplained scientific questions that can be investigated in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Długosz
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zadali Asghar S, Kaviani R, Shayanfar A. Solubility of Some Drugs in Aqueous Solutions of Choline Chloride-Based Deep Eutectic Solvent Systems: Experimental Data, Modeling, and the Impact of Solution pH. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2023; 22:e137011. [PMID: 38116558 PMCID: PMC10728849 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-137011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Background The solubility of drugs in water and organic solvents is a crucial factor in numerous pharmaceutical processes. In recent years, a new type of solvent called deep eutectic solvents (DESs) has been developed as a useful solvent for drugs. Choline chloride-glycerol/urea (ChCl-G/U) systems are DESs recognized as a novel category of environmentally friendly solvents. One recent application of this type of DES in water is the solubilization of drugs. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the solubility of certain drugs in ChCl-G/U. In addition, the solubilization mechanisms of the DESs studied, and quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models for solubilization were proposed. Methods The solubility of 13 drugs in an aqueous solution of the ChCl-G/U system was investigated using the shake flask method. The study was conducted at 10% and 50% mass fractions of the studied systems. Multiple linear regression models were used to develop mathematical relationships between the solubilization of the studied compounds in the presence of ChCl-G/U + water mixture using QSPR models. Results The solubility of the compounds showed a significant increase upon adding ChCl-G/U to the aqueous solutions. Based on the data obtained, QSPR models were developed using solubilization ratio and structural descriptors. Conclusions The experimental data demonstrates the potential of utilizing ChCl-G/U as a medium to enhance the solubility of poorly soluble drugs in water. Solubilization of solutes in ChCl-G/U + water mixtures could be correlated with the structural properties of drugs. Moreover, the final pH of the solutions in ChCl-U is a critical factor that must be considered when using this system for solubilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Zadali Asghar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Raha Kaviani
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Shayanfar
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Editorial Office of Pharmaceutical Sciences Journal, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents Based on Cineole and Organic Acids. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
34
|
Phase equilibria for the mixtures of the deep eutectic solvent L-menthol + thymol plus CO2 at high pressure. J IND ENG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2023.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
35
|
Nejrotti S, Antenucci A, Pontremoli C, Gontrani L, Barbero N, Carbone M, Bonomo M. Critical Assessment of the Sustainability of Deep Eutectic Solvents: A Case Study on Six Choline Chloride-Based Mixtures. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:47449-47461. [PMID: 36591154 PMCID: PMC9798394 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
An outline of the advantages, in terms of sustainability, of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) is provided, by analyzing some of the most popular DESs, obtained by the combination of choline chloride, as a hydrogen bond acceptor, and six hydrogen bond donors. The analysis is articulated into four main issues related to sustainability, which are recurrently mentioned in the literature, but are often taken for granted without any further critical elaboration, as the prominent green features of DESs: their low toxicity, good biodegradability, renewable sourcing, and low cost. This contribution is intended to provide a more tangible, evidence-based evaluation of the actual green credentials of the considered DESs, to reinforce or question their supposed sustainability, also in mutual comparison with one another.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Nejrotti
- Department
of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Torino, Via Gioacchino Quarello 15/a, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Achille Antenucci
- Department
of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Torino, Via Gioacchino Quarello 15/a, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Centro
Ricerche per la Chimica Fine s.r.l. for Silvateam s.p.a., Via Torre 7, San Michele Mondovì (CN) 12080, Italy
| | - Carlotta Pontremoli
- Department
of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Torino, Via Gioacchino Quarello 15/a, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gontrani
- Department
of Chemical Science and Technologies, University
of Rome, Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Nadia Barbero
- Department
of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Torino, Via Gioacchino Quarello 15/a, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Institute
of Science, Technology and Sustainability
for the Development of Ceramic Materials (ISSMC-CNR), Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy
| | - Marilena Carbone
- Department
of Chemical Science and Technologies, University
of Rome, Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Matteo Bonomo
- Department
of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Torino, Via Gioacchino Quarello 15/a, 10125 Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Antenucci A, Bonomo M, Ghinato S, Blangetti M, Dughera S. Design of a New Chiral Deep Eutectic Solvent Based on 3-Amino-1,2-propanediol and Its Application in Organolithium Chemistry. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238566. [PMID: 36500673 PMCID: PMC9738533 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A chiral glycerol derivative, namely 3-amino-1,2-propanediol, was employed for as the hydrogen bond donor (HBD) in the design of a new deep eutectic solvent (DES) with choline chloride acting as the hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA). The novel mixture was characterized and unambiguously classified as a DES. Furthermore, its synthetic usefulness was demonstrated in the room-temperature n-butyllithium-addition under air to carbonyl compounds and benzyl chloride. In some cases, pure products (100% conversion) were obtained by a simple extractive work-up in up to 72% isolated yield, thus suggesting the potential practical usefulness of this procedure as a green alternative to the classical Schenk procedure in volatile organic solvents for the synthesis of tertiary alcohols. The chirality of the HBD, bearing an interesting basic primary amino group, is an intriguing feature currently under investigation for further exploitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Achille Antenucci
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Centro Ricerche per la Chimica Fine s.r.l. for Silvateam s.p.a., Via Torre 7, 12080 San Michele Mondovì, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.B.); (S.D.)
| | - Matteo Bonomo
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Gioacchino Quarello 15/a, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.B.); (S.D.)
| | - Simone Ghinato
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Blangetti
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Dughera
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.B.); (S.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hooshmand S, Kumar S, Bahadur I, Singh T, Varma RS. Deep eutectic solvents as reusable catalysts and promoter for the greener syntheses of small molecules: Recent advances. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
38
|
Roy P, Kumari N, Pandey N, Gour A, Raj A, Srividya B, Nandi U, Ghosh A. Development of ezetimibe eutectic with improved biopharmaceutical and mechanical properties to design an optimized oral solid dosage formulation. Pharm Dev Technol 2022; 27:989-998. [PMID: 36322702 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2143525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Eutectics are multicomponent systems which are an alternative to the conventional techniques for modulating the biopharmaceutical properties of a pharmaceutical. Ezetimibe (ETZ) is a hypocholesterolemic agent with limited dissolution, poor water solubility, and subsequently demonstrates low oral bioavailability. Additionally, ETZ exhibits poor mechanical properties, leading to difficulties in developing dosage forms through direct compression. The present work highlights the applicability of eutectics in the simultaneous improvement of physicochemical along with mechanical properties of ETZ. A pharmaceutical eutectic of ETZ with succinimide (SUC) was prepared by mechanochemical grinding and thoroughly characterized using thermoanalytical, X-ray diffraction, and spectroscopic methods. Intrinsic dissolution rate and pharmacokinetic analysis were also performed for ezetimibe-succinimide (ETZ-SUC) eutectic in contrast to pure ETZ. The eutectic demonstrated ∼2-fold increase in the solubility and dissolution rate. In pharmacokinetic studies, the area under the curve (AUC) for ETZ-SUC eutectic (28.03 ± 2.22 ng*h/mL) was found to be higher than ETZ (8.98 ± 0.36 ng*h/mL), indicating improved oral bioavailability for eutectics. Also, it was observed that enhanced material functionality aids in designing directly compressed tablets, where the eutectic formulation showed an improved dissolution profile over the ETZ formulation. The study demonstrates that eutectic conglomerates could be utilized to develop ideal oral solid dosage formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parag Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Solid State Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Nimmy Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Solid State Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India.,Department of Pharmacy, Muzaffarpur Institute of Technology, Muzaffarpur, Muzaffarpur, India
| | - Noopur Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Solid State Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Abhishek Gour
- PK-PD, Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Amit Raj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Solid State Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - B Srividya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Solid State Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Utpal Nandi
- PK-PD, Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Animesh Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Solid State Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Srinivasan H, Sharma VK, Mitra S. Modulation of Diffusion Mechanism and Its Correlation with Complexation in Aqueous Deep Eutectic Solvents. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:9026-9037. [PMID: 36315464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c05312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous mixtures of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have gained traction recently as an effective template to tailor their physicochemical properties. But detailed microscopic insights into the effects of water on the molecular relaxation phenomenon in DESs are not entirely understood. DESs are strong network-forming liquids due to the extensive hydrogen bonding and complex formation between their species, and therefore, water can behave as a controlled disruptor altering the microscopic structure and dynamics in DESs. In this study, the role of water in the diffusion mechanism of acetamide in the aqueous mixtures of DESs synthesized using acetamide and lithium perchlorate is investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS). The acetamide dynamics comprises localized diffusion within transient cages and a jump diffusion process across cages. The jump diffusion process is observed to be strongly enhanced by about a factor of 10 as the water content in the system is increased. Meanwhile, the geometry of the localized dynamics is unaltered by addition of water, but the localized diffusion becomes significantly faster and more heterogeneous with increasing water concentration. The accelerating effects of water on localized diffusion are also substantiated by QENS experiments. The water concentration in the DES is observed to control the solvation structure of lithium ions, with the ions becoming significantly hydrated at 20 wt % water. The formation of interwater and water-acetamide hydrogen bonds is observed. The increase in water concentration is found to increase the number of H-bonds; however, their lifetimes are found to decrease substantially. Similarly, the lifetimes of acetamide-lithium complexes are also found to be diminished by increasing water concentration. A power-law scaling relationship between lifetimes and diffusion constants is established, elucidating the extent of coupling between diffusive processes and hydrogen bonding and microscopic complexation. This study demonstrates the ability to use water as an agent to probe the role of structural relaxation and complex lifetimes of diffusive processes at different time and length scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Srinivasan
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai400085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai400094, India
| | - V K Sharma
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai400085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai400094, India
| | - S Mitra
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai400085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai400094, India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bergua F, Castro M, Lafuente C, Artal M. Thymol+l-menthol eutectic mixtures: Thermophysical properties and possible applications as decontaminants. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
41
|
Lv J, Ou X, Fang Y, Wu M, Zheng F, Shang L, Lei K, Liu Y, Zhao Y. The Study of Deep Eutectic Solvent Based on Choline Chloride and L-(+)-Tartaric Acid Diethyl Ester for Transdermal Delivery System. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:252. [PMID: 36076112 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on choline chloride (C) and L-(+)-tartaric acid diethyl ester (L) were prepared and used in transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS). The internal chemistry structure including the formation and changes of hydrogen bonds of choline chloride and L-(+)-tartaric acid diethyl ester DES was characterized via attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. The stoichiometric ratio of choline chloride to L-(+)-tartaric acid diethyl ester as well as water content affected the viscosity, glass transition temperature (Tg), and drug solubility of the DES. The viscosity and glass transition temperature of the DES (CL14) prepared at the ratio of 1:4 of choline chloride to L-(+)-tartaric acid diethyl ester were 1.19 Pa·s and - 44.01°C, respectively, and decreased to 0.10 Pa·s and - 55.31°C when 10% water (CL1410) was added. Taking diclofenac diethylamine (DDEA), the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug as model, drug solubility was as high as 60 mg/ml and 250 mg/ml in CL14 and CL1410, respectively. The cumulative amount of DDEA was 4.63 ± 2.67 μg/cm2 and 15.27 ± 4.63 μg/cm2 for CL14 and CL1410, respectively, at 8 h. The mechanism of percutaneous permeability by the DES may be the disturbance of stratum corneum (SC) lipids as well as changes in the protein conformations. CL14 and CL1410 were also verified as low-cytotoxic and nonirritant. Therefore, the DESs studied are promising to be used in drug solubilization enhancement and transdermal drug delivery system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Lv
- Jihua Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Jihua Laboratory, Foshan, 528000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Ou
- Jihua Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Jihua Laboratory, Foshan, 528000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaru Fang
- Jihua Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Jihua Laboratory, Foshan, 528000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mi Wu
- Jihua Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Jihua Laboratory, Foshan, 528000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanghao Zheng
- Foshan Hospital of TCM, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shang
- Jihua Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Jihua Laboratory, Foshan, 528000, People's Republic of China. .,Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kaijun Lei
- Foshan Hospital of TCM, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunen Liu
- Jihua Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Jihua Laboratory, Foshan, 528000, People's Republic of China. .,Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- Jihua Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Jihua Laboratory, Foshan, 528000, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Shayanfar A. Comments on “Solubility measurement and thermodynamic modeling of sertraline hydrochloride and clopidogrel bisulfate in deep eutectic solvent of choline chloride and malonic acid”. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
43
|
Töpfer K, Pasti A, Das A, Salehi SM, Vazquez-Salazar LI, Rohrbach D, Feurer T, Hamm P, Meuwly M. Structure, Organization, and Heterogeneity of Water-Containing Deep Eutectic Solvents. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14170-14180. [PMID: 35895323 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The spectroscopy and structural dynamics of a deep eutectic mixture (KSCN/acetamide) with varying water content is investigated from 2D IR (with the C-N stretch vibration of the SCN- anions as the reporter) and THz spectroscopy. Molecular dynamics simulations correctly describe the nontrivial dependence of both spectroscopic signatures depending on water content. For the 2D IR spectra, the MD simulations relate the steep increase in the cross-relaxation rate at high water content to the parallel alignment of packed SCN- anions. Conversely, the nonlinear increase of the THz absorption with increasing water content is mainly attributed to the formation of larger water clusters. The results demonstrate that a combination of structure-sensitive spectroscopies and molecular dynamics simulations provides molecular-level insights into the emergence of heterogeneity of such mixtures by modulating their composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Töpfer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Pasti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anuradha Das
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - David Rohrbach
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Feurer
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Hamm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Meuwly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ullah A, Lim SI. Plant Extract-Based Synthesis of Metallic Nanomaterials, Their Applications, and Safety Concerns. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2273-2304. [PMID: 35635495 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has attracted the attention of researchers from different scientific fields because of the escalated properties of nanomaterials compared with the properties of macromolecules. Nanomaterials can be prepared through different approaches involving physical and chemical methods. The development of nanomaterials through plant-based green chemistry approaches is more advantageous than other methods from the perspectives of environmental safety, animal, and human health. The biomolecules and metabolites of plants act as reducing and capping agents for the synthesis of metallic green nanomaterials. Plant-based synthesis is a preferred approach as it is not only cost-effective, easy, safe, clean, and eco-friendly but also provides pure nanomaterials in high yield. Since nanomaterials have antimicrobial and antioxidant potential, green nanomaterials synthesized from plants can be used for a variety of biomedical and environmental remediation applications. Past studies have focused mainly on the overall biogenic synthesis of individual or combinations of metallic nanomaterials and their oxides from different biological sources, including microorganisms and biomolecules. Moreover, from the viewpoint of biomedical applications, the literature is mainly focusing on synthetic nanomaterials. Herein, we discuss the extraction of green molecules and recent developments in the synthesis of different plant-based metallic nanomaterials, including silver, gold, platinum, palladium, copper, zinc, iron, and carbon. Apart from the biomedical applications of metallic nanomaterials, including antimicrobial, anticancer, diagnostic, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine applications, their environmental remediation potential is also discussed. Furthermore, safety concerns and safety regulations pertaining to green nanomaterials are also discussed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Ullah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.,Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan, 29050, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sung In Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tiago FJ, Paiva A, Matias AA, Duarte ARC. Extraction of Bioactive Compounds From Cannabis sativa L. Flowers and/or Leaves Using Deep Eutectic Solvents. Front Nutr 2022; 9:892314. [PMID: 35586733 PMCID: PMC9108863 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.892314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing demand for medical cannabis urges the development of new and effective methods for the extraction of phytocannabinoids. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are an alternative to the use of hazardous organic solvents typically used in the industry. In this study, hydrophilic and hydrophobic DESs were developed based on terpenes, sugars, and natural organic acids as green extraction media for the extraction of cannabis bioactive compounds. The factors influencing the extraction of bioactive components, such as the type of DESs and extraction time, were investigated. Initial screening in hemp showed that the DES composed of Men: Lau (a 2:1-M ratio) had a greater extraction efficiency of cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) (11.07 ± 0.37 mg/g) of all the tested DESs and higher than ethanol. Besides having a higher or equivalent extraction yield as the organic solvents tested, DESs showed to be more selective, extracting fewer impurities, such as chlorophyll and waxes. These results, coupled with the non-toxic, biodegradable, low-cost, and environmentally friendly characteristics of DESs, provide strong evidence that DESs represent a better alternative to organic solvents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Tiago
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Paiva
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
- DES Solutio, Torres Vedras, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Rita C. Duarte
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
- DES Solutio, Torres Vedras, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Ana Rita C. Duarte,
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Estimating the density of deep eutectic solvents applying supervised machine learning techniques. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4954. [PMID: 35322084 PMCID: PMC8943155 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08842-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are recently synthesized to cover limitations of conventional solvents. These green solvents have wide ranges of potential usages in real-life applications. Precise measuring or accurate estimating thermophysical properties of DESs is a prerequisite for their successful applications. Density is likely the most crucial affecting characteristic on the solvation ability of DESs. This study utilizes seven machine learning techniques to estimate the density of 149 deep eutectic solvents. The density is anticipated as a function of temperature, critical pressure and temperature, and acentric factor. The LSSVR (least-squares support vector regression) presents the highest accuracy among 1530 constructed intelligent estimators. The LSSVR predicts 1239 densities with the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 0.26% and R2 = 0.99798. Comparing the LSSVR and four empirical correlations revealed that the earlier possesses the highest accuracy level. The prediction accuracy of the LSSVR (i.e., MAPE = 0. 26%) is 74.5% better than the best-obtained results by the empirical correlations (i.e., MAPE = 1.02%).
Collapse
|
47
|
Alhadid A, Safarov J, Mokrushina L, Müller K, Minceva M. Carbon Dioxide Solubility in Nonionic Deep Eutectic Solvents Containing Phenolic Alcohols. Front Chem 2022; 10:864663. [PMID: 35392423 PMCID: PMC8980276 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.864663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are a new class of green solvents that have shown unique properties in several process applications. This study evaluates nonionic DES containing phenolic alcohols as solvents for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture applications. Potential phenolic alcohols and the molar ratio between DES constituents were preselected for experimental investigations based on the conductor-like screening model for realistic solvation (COSMO-RS). CO2 solubility was experimentally determined in two different DES, namely, L-menthol/thymol in 1:2 molar ratio and thymol/2,6-xylenol in 1:1 molar ratio, at various temperatures and pressures. CO2 solubility in the studied systems was higher than that reported in the literature for ionic DES and ionic liquids. This study demonstrates that nonionic DES containing phenolic alcohols can be excellent, inexpensive, and simple solvents for CO2 capture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Alhadid
- Biothermodynamics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ahmad Alhadid, ; Javid Safarov,
| | - Javid Safarov
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ahmad Alhadid, ; Javid Safarov,
| | - Liudmila Mokrushina
- Institute of Separation Science and Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karsten Müller
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mirjana Minceva
- Biothermodynamics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ling JKU, Hadinoto K. Deep Eutectic Solvent as Green Solvent in Extraction of Biological Macromolecules: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063381. [PMID: 35328803 PMCID: PMC8949459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Greater awareness of environmental sustainability has driven many industries to transition from using synthetic organic solvents to greener solvents in their manufacturing. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as a highly promising category of green solvents with well-demonstrated and wide-ranging applications, including their use as a solvent in extraction of small-molecule bioactive compounds for food and pharmaceutical applications. The use of DES as an extraction solvent of biological macromolecules, on the other hand, has not been as extensively studied. Thereby, the feasibility of employing DES for biomacromolecule extraction has not been well elucidated. To bridge this gap, this review provides an overview of DES with an emphasis on its unique physicochemical properties that make it an attractive green solvent (e.g., non-toxicity, biodegradability, ease of preparation, renewable, tailorable properties). Recent advances in DES extraction of three classes of biomacromolecules—i.e., proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids—were discussed and future research needs were identified. The importance of DES’s properties—particularly its viscosity, polarity, molar ratio of DES components, and water addition—on the DES extraction’s performance were discussed. Not unlike the findings from DES extraction of bioactive small molecules, DES extraction of biomacromolecules was concluded to be generally superior to extraction using synthetic organic solvents.
Collapse
|
49
|
Sajjadur Rahman M, Kyeremateng J, Saha M, Asare S, Uddin N, Halim MA, Raynie DE. Evaluation of the experimental and computed properties of choline chloride-water formulated deep eutectic solvents. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
50
|
Trombino S, Siciliano C, Procopio D, Curcio F, Laganà AS, Di Gioia ML, Cassano R. Deep Eutectic Solvents for Improving the Solubilization and Delivery of Dapsone. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020333. [PMID: 35214065 PMCID: PMC8875782 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to a growing awareness toward environmental impact, the use of safer and eco-friendly solvents like deep eutectic solvents (DESs), has recently undergone important growth in the pharmaceutical field, with regard to their application as non-aqueous liquid administration vehicles, since they do not carry the same risks of toxicity and handling as traditional organic solvents. Major attention has been given to the development of advantageous transdermal drug delivery systems, because of their ease of use and better acceptability. Here, we report the use of two different DESs, based on choline chloride, used as hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), and ascorbic acid or propylene glycol, used as hydrogen bond donors (HBDs), able to enhance the solubility and the topical delivery of dapsone, representing a class IV drug. The interactions between the DESs’ components and the drug were studied by performing DSC, FT-IR, and NMR analysis of the eutectic systems and the pure drug, confirming the establishment of H-bonds between the drug and the DESs’ components. Diffusion and permeability studies, carried out in a Franz cell, showed an increase in permeability, highlighting the great potential of DESs as dissolution and permeation enhancers in the development of novel and more effective drug delivery systems in topical administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria Luisa Di Gioia
- Correspondence: (M.L.D.G.); (R.C.); Tel.: +39-984493095 (M.L.D.G.); +39-984493227 (R.C.)
| | - Roberta Cassano
- Correspondence: (M.L.D.G.); (R.C.); Tel.: +39-984493095 (M.L.D.G.); +39-984493227 (R.C.)
| |
Collapse
|