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Wójtowicz AK, Sitarz-Głownia AM, Szczęsna M, Szychowski KA. The Action of Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) in Mouse Cerebral Cells Involves an Impairment in Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Signaling. Neurotox Res 2019; 35:183-195. [PMID: 30120713 PMCID: PMC6313375 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9946-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is used as a plasticizer in various plastic compounds, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and products including baby toys, packaging films and sheets, medical tubing, and blood storage bags. Epidemiological data suggest that phthalates increase the risk of the nervous system disorders; however, the impact of DEHP on the brain cells and the mechanisms of its action have not been clarified. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of DEHP on production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), as well as Cyp1a1 and Cyp1b1 mRNA and protein expression in primary mouse cortical neurons and glial cells in the in vitro mono-cultures. Our experiments showed that DEHP stimulated ROS production in both types of mouse neocortical cells. Moreover, the results strongly support involvement of the AhR/Cyp1A1 signaling pathway in the action of DEHP in neurons and glial cells. However, the effects of DEHP acting on the AhR signaling pathways in these two types of neocortical cells were different. In neurons, AhR mRNA expression did not change, but AhR protein expression decreased in response to DEHP. A similar trend was observed for Cyp1a1 and Cyp1b1 mRNA and protein expression. Failure to induce Cyp1a1 in neurons was confirmed by EROD assay. In primary glial cells, a decrease in AhR protein level was accompanied by a decrease in AhR mRNA expression. In glial cells, mRNA and protein expression of Cyp1a1 as well as Cyp1a1-related EROD activity were significantly increased. As for Cyp1b1, both in neurons and glial cells Cyp1b1 mRNA expression did not significantly change, whereas Cyp1b1 protein level were decreased. We postulate that developmental exposure to DEHP which dysregulates AhR/Cyp1a1 may disrupt defense processes in brain neocortical cells that could increase their susceptibility to environmental toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Wójtowicz
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Sciences Faculty, University of Agriculture, Redzina 1B, 30-248, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka M Sitarz-Głownia
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Sciences Faculty, University of Agriculture, Redzina 1B, 30-248, Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szczęsna
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Sciences Faculty, University of Agriculture, Redzina 1B, 30-248, Krakow, Poland
| | - Konrad A Szychowski
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Opole, kard. B. Kominka 6a, 45-032, Opole, Poland
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Chou CK, Yang YT, Yang HC, Liang SS, Wang TN, Kuo PL, Wang HMD, Tsai EM, Chiu CC. The Impact of Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate on Cancer Progression. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2017; 66:183-197. [PMID: 29209738 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-017-0494-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), a widely used plasticizer, mainly serves as an additive to render polyvinyl chloride (PVC) soft and flexible. PVC plastics have become ubiquitous in our modern society. Yet, the leaching of DEHP from PVC-based consumables ultimately results in the deposition in certain tissues via inadvertent applications. Health risks for human populations exposed to DEHP has been assumed by studies on rodents and other species, including the DEHP-induced developmental dysregulation, reproductive impairments, tumorigenesis, and diseases in a transgenerational manner. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the accumulated literature regarding the multifaceted roles of DEHP in the activation of the nuclear receptors, the alteration of the redox homeostasis, epigenetic modifications and the acquisition of chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chon-Kit Chou
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Chun Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Shin Liang
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.,Center of Excellence for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Nai Wang
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Kuo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Min David Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Eing-Mei Tsai
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan. .,Headquarters of Research Centers, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan. .,Center of Excellence for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan. .,Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
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Kawasaki Y, Sendo T. [Development of injection containers for patient and medical staff]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2015; 135:255-62. [PMID: 25747222 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.14-00228-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there has been a transition from glass to plastic injection containers in Japan. In our previous study, we suggested that plastic containers had less impurity contamination than glass containers. However, the use of some plasticizers has been limited because of their endocrine disrupting effects. Therefore, contamination has been a concern due to chemicals in injection solution packed with plastic containers. Indeed, in our recent study, photoinitiators were detected in an injection solution coming from plastic containers. Photoinitiators mainly exist in ink. We therefore speculated that ink originating from a photoinitiator directly printing on plastic containers had migrated into the injection solutions. In a clinical setting, plastic containers are very tractable because they are lightweight and less breakable. On the other hand, from a safety view point, these containers may be hazardous because of permeation by steam, ambient air or photoinitiators. In the present symposium, we will discuss the risk of photoinitiators leaking into injection solution packed with plastic containers, and countermeasures to avoid this risk.
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Li HL, Xie SM, Zhang L, Cai CJ, Wang W, Huang J, Wang DY, Wen DP, Deng QH, Zhong NS, He JX. Establishment and characterization of a new drug surviving cell line Am1010, derived directly from muscle metastases of a human lung adenocarcinoma patient with multi-drug-resistance to cisplatin, taxol, and gefitinib. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2010; 31:601-8. [PMID: 20418894 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2010.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To Characterize a new human lung cancer cell line Am1010, derived from drug-surviving cells (DSCs). METHODS The Am1010 cell line was established after 4 cycles of chemotherapy from an arm muscle metastatic tumor of a patient diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma. The cell line has been remained in continuous culture for more than one year during this study. RESULTS The Am1010 cell line demonstrated in vitro multi-drug-resistance to cisplatin, taxol, and gefitinib. The Am1010 cell doubling time without drug treatment was 42.395 h. The IC(50) value of cisplatin was 4.299 micromol/L and >10 micromol/L for the Am1010 and P0318 (a cell line derived from non-DSCs) cells, respectively. The IC(50) value of taxol was 0.067 micromol/L and >1 micromol/L for the Am1010 and P0318 cells, respectively. The IC(50) value of gefitinib was 15.233 micromol/L and >70 micromol/L for Am1010 and P0318 cells, respectively. 11 genes involved in the focal adhesion and cell adhesion pathways were found to be differentially expressed. The cells of Am1010 have a significantly larger chromosome number than most lung cancer cell lines. CONCLUSION This novel DSCs derived lung cancer cell line will be a valuable in vitro tool for the investigation of lung cancer drug resistance and metastasis.
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Hwang DY, Chae KR, Kim CK, Kim BG, Shim SB, Jee SW, Lee SH, Sin JS, Jang MK, Seo SJ, Kim MS, Cho JS, Sheen YY, Choi SY, Kim YK. Differential effect of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene on human and mouse CYP1B1 from livers of castrated transgenic mice. Int J Toxicol 2007; 26:71-80. [PMID: 17365149 DOI: 10.1080/10915810601120640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Humanized transgenic mice coexpressing tetracycline-controlled transactivator (tTA) and human cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) (hCYP1B1) have been created by this group. The aims of this study was to determine if 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) functions as testosterone or doxycycline in its ability to induce or reduce expression of hCYP1B1 or endogenous mouse CYP1B1 (mCYP1B1). This was tested in the livers by treating castrated transgenic males and hCYP1B1/luciferase-transfected cells with DMBA. Herein, DMBA-treated group exhibited (i) gradual reduction of hCYP1B1 expression at the transcript, protein, and activity levels but gradually induced its transcript level during DMBA release; (ii) gradual reduction of hCYP1B1 at the transcript and protein levels, as in the case of doxycycline or testosterone; (iii) gradual induction of mCYP1B1 expression at the transcript and protein levels but gradually reduced its transcript level during DMBA release. In parallel, DMBA-treated transfected cells exhibited gradual increase in luciferase activity in a time-and dose-dependent manner. Thus, castrated transgenic males or in vitro system could be useful as models for the detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or environmental toxicants by measuring either hCYP1B1 or mCYP1B1 expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Y Hwang
- Laboratory Animal Resources Team, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, Korea
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