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Economou EA, Koltsakidis S, Dalla I, Tsongas K, Romanos GE, Tzetzis D, Falaras P, Theodorakopoulos G, Middelkoop V, Sfetsas T. Novel 3D-Printed Biocarriers from Aluminosilicate Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4826. [PMID: 37445140 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The addition of biocarriers can improve biological processes in bioreactors, since their surface allows for the immobilization, attachment, protection, and growth of microorganisms. In addition, the development of a biofilm layer allows for the colonization of microorganisms in the biocarriers. The structure, composition, and roughness of the biocarriers' surface are crucial factors that affect the development of the biofilm. In the current work, the aluminosilicate zeolites 13X and ZSM-5 were examined as the main building components of the biocarrier scaffolds, using bentonite, montmorillonite, and halloysite nanotubes as inorganic binders in various combinations. We utilized 3D printing to form pastes into monoliths that underwent heat treatment. The 3D-printed biocarriers were subjected to a mechanical analysis, including density, compression, and nanoindentation tests. Furthermore, the 3D-printed biocarriers were morphologically and structurally characterized using nitrogen adsorption at 77 K (LN2), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The stress-strain response of the materials was obtained through nanoindentation tests combined with the finite element analysis (FEA). These tests were also utilized to simulate the lattice geometries under compression loading conditions to investigate their deformation and stress distribution in relation to experimental compression testing. The results indicated that the 3D-printed biocarrier of 13X/halloysite nanotubes was endowed with a high specific surface area of 711 m2/g and extended mesoporous structure. Due to these assets, its bulk density of 1.67 g/cm3 was one of the lowest observed amongst the biocarriers derived from the various combinations of materials. The biocarriers based on the 13X zeolite exhibited the highest mechanical stability and appropriate morphological features. The 13X/halloysite nanotubes scaffold exhibited a hardness value of 45.64 MPa, which is moderate compared to the rest, while it presented the highest value of modulus of elasticity. In conclusion, aluminosilicate zeolites and their combinations with clays and inorganic nanotubes provide 3D-printed biocarriers with various textural and structural properties, which can be utilized to improve biological processes, while the most favorable characteristics are observed when utilizing the combination of 13X/halloysite nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Anna Economou
- QLAB Private Company, Research and Development, Quality Control and Testing Services, 57008 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Savvas Koltsakidis
- Digital Manufacturing and Materials Characterization Laboratory, School of Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioanna Dalla
- QLAB Private Company, Research and Development, Quality Control and Testing Services, 57008 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsongas
- Digital Manufacturing and Materials Characterization Laboratory, School of Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, School of Engineering, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Em Romanos
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center of Scientific Research "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tzetzis
- Digital Manufacturing and Materials Characterization Laboratory, School of Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Polycarpos Falaras
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center of Scientific Research "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - George Theodorakopoulos
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center of Scientific Research "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Vesna Middelkoop
- Sustainable Materials Management, Flemish Institute for Technological Research, VITO (Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Themistoklis Sfetsas
- QLAB Private Company, Research and Development, Quality Control and Testing Services, 57008 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Pirsaheb M, Hossaini H, Amini J. Operational parameters influenced on biogas production in zeolite/anaerobic baffled reactor for compost leachate treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2021; 19:1743-1751. [PMID: 34900303 PMCID: PMC8617091 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00729-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, anaerobic processes are used for leachate treatment and biogas production that can be used as a source of renewable and eco-friendly energy. However, for optimal performance of the anaerobic system for gas production, an appropriate method must be used to reduce the inhibitors in the leachate. In this study an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) was used for investigating impact of OLR on biogas production and changes of alkalinity and pH. In order to decline inhibitors concentration on anaerobic microorganisms, zeolite was considered as a media and changes of biogas production was surveyed in different filling ratios. The highest produced biogas at the filling ratios of 10 %, 20 and 30 % were 0.6, 0.63 and 0.9 L/day, respectively and OLR increasing resulted in increase in produced biogas. The values of alkalinity and pH remained in the optimum range for methanogenic bacteria. In all three filling ratios, concentration of ammonia increased with increasing organic loading rate but it has not adverse effect on biogas production. Despite of high concentration of heavy metals, anaerobic baffled reactor with zeolite provided suitable condition for anaerobic microorganisms and biogas production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghdad Pirsaheb
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hiwa Hossaini
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Jila Amini
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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André ACL, Barros ESC, Silva PTDSE, Lourençoni D, Amorim MCCD. Anaerobic co-digestion of acerola (Malphigia emarginata) agro-industry effluent with domestic sewage at mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. SEMINA: CIÊNCIAS EXATAS E TECNOLÓGICAS 2021. [DOI: 10.5433/1679-0375.2021v42n1p85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of temperature on the anaerobic co-digestion of West Indian Cherry agro-industry effluent (EAV) and domestic sewage (EDT). The assays were performed in triplicates of reactor flasks using treatments with different mixture compositions (T1=5%EDT+95%EAV;T2=20%EDT+80%EAV;T3=30%EDT+70%EAV) and anaerobic sludge as inoculum (5g.L-1), at mesophilic (35°C) and thermophilic (55°C) temperatures. The analyses of soluble chemical oxygen demand (DQOs) and volatile fatty acids (AGV) were performed by determining the removal efficiency of the DQOs, the decay rate constant of the DQO (Kd), and the percentages of anaerobic biodegradability (%BD) and methanation (%M). The inoculum biomass of the treatments was observed through scanning electron microscopy at the end of the degradation process (12 days). Regardless of the temperature, the anaerobic digestion was considered efficient, with biodegradability above 60%. The mesophilic temperature favored the anaerobic co-digestion for all mixture compositions, presenting more diversified and structured biomass at the end of the assays, as well as higher removal efficiencies of the DQOs and methanization, especially for T3 at 35°C (63% and 51%, respectively). Furthermore, the kinetics of the degradation process proved to be more accelerated at mesophilic conditions (Kd 0.1d-1) and in the treatments with a higher percentage of sewage (T2M and T3M).
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Krakat N, Demirel B, Anjum R, Dietz D. Methods of ammonia removal in anaerobic digestion: a review. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 76:1925-1938. [PMID: 29068325 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic digestion of substrates with high ammonia content has always been a bottleneck in the methanisation process of biomasses. Since microbial communities in anaerobic digesters are sensitive to free ammonia at certain conditions, the digestion of nitrogen-rich substrates such as livestock wastes may result in inhibition/toxicity eventually leading to process failures, unless appropriate engineering precautions are taken. There are many different options reported in literature to remove ammonia from anaerobic digesters to achieve a safe and stable process so that along with high methane yields, a good quality of effluents can also be obtained. Conventional techniques to remove ammonia include physical/chemical methods, immobilization and adaptation of microorganisms, while novel methods include ultrasonication, microwave, hollow fiber membranes and microbial fuel cell applications. This paper discusses conventional and novel methods of ammonia removal from anaerobic digesters using nitrogen-rich substrates, with particular focus on recent literature available about this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niclas Krakat
- Department of Bioprocess-Engineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bio-Economy Potsdam, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany E-mail: ; Department of Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Lohbrügger Kirchstraße 65, 21033 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Burak Demirel
- Institute of Environmental Science, Boğaziçi University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Reshma Anjum
- Department of Bioprocess-Engineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bio-Economy Potsdam, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany E-mail:
| | - Donna Dietz
- Department of Bioprocess-Engineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bio-Economy Potsdam, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany E-mail:
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Biogas Production from Partially Digested Septic Tank Sludge and its Kinetics. WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12649-017-0065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Organic matter and nitrogen removal in a hybrid upflow anaerobic sludge blanket—Moving bed biofilm and rope bed biofilm reactor. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Ziganshina EE, Belostotskiy DE, Ilinskaya ON, Boulygina EA, Grigoryeva TV, Ziganshin AM. Effect of the Organic Loading Rate Increase and the Presence of Zeolite on Microbial Community Composition and Process Stability During Anaerobic Digestion of Chicken Wastes. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2015; 70:948-60. [PMID: 26045158 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-015-0635-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of the organic loading rate (OLR) increase from 1.0 to 3.5 g VS L(-1) day(-1) at constant hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 35 days on anaerobic reactors' performance and microbial diversity during mesophilic anaerobic digestion of ammonium-rich chicken wastes in the absence/presence of zeolite. The effects of anaerobic process parameters on microbial community structure and dynamics were evaluated using a 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based pyrosequencing approach. Maximum 12 % of the total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) was efficiently removed by zeolite in the fixed zeolite reactor (day 87). In addition, volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the fixed zeolite reactor accumulated in lower concentrations at high OLR of 3.2-3.5 g VS L(-1) day(-1). Microbial communities in the fixed zeolite reactor and reactor without zeolite were dominated by various members of Bacteroidales and Methanobacterium sp. at moderate TAN and VFA levels. The increase of the OLR accompanied by TAN and VFA accumulation and increase in pH led to the predominance of representatives of the family Erysipelotrichaceae and genera Clostridium and Methanosarcina. Methanosarcina sp. reached relative abundances of 94 and 57 % in the fixed zeolite reactor and reactor without zeolite at the end of the experimental period, respectively. In addition, the diminution of Synergistaceae and Crenarchaeota and increase in the abundance of Acholeplasmataceae in parallel with the increase of TAN, VFA, and pH values were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira E Ziganshina
- Department of Microbiology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, 420008, The Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
| | - Dmitry E Belostotskiy
- Department of Technologies, A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420088, The Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
| | - Olga N Ilinskaya
- Department of Microbiology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, 420008, The Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
| | - Eugenia A Boulygina
- Laboratory of Omics Technologies, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, 420008, The Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Grigoryeva
- Laboratory of Omics Technologies, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, 420008, The Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
| | - Ayrat M Ziganshin
- Department of Microbiology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, 420008, The Republic of Tatarstan, Russia.
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Sustainable Agro-Food Industrial Wastewater Treatment Using High Rate Anaerobic Process. WATER 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/w5010292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Montalvo S, Gonzalez P, Mena C, Guerrero L, Borja R. Influence of the food to microorganisms (F/M) ratio and temperature on batch anaerobic digestion processes with and without zeolite addition. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2012; 47:1785-1794. [PMID: 22755525 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2012.689235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the food to microorganisms (F/M) ratio and temperature on batch anaerobic digestion processes carried out with and without zeolite addition as a microbial carrier. Three laboratory-scale experimental runs were conducted using a synthetic substrate with a COD:N:P ratio of 500:5:1. The first run (I) was conducted at a constant temperature of 27°C, increasing the F/M ratio from 0.21 to 0.40 (g COD/g VSS). During the second run (II) the temperature and the F/M ratio increased from 27°C to 37°C and from 0.21 to 0.40, respectively. Finally, in the third experimental run (III) the F/M ratio achieved high values (1.92 and 1.30) either by varying the substrate concentration at a constant biomass concentration or by increasing the biomass concentration at a constant substrate concentration. Higher biomass growth rate, COD removal and methane production were found in the reactors with zeolite, especially at the highest F/M assayed during the first run. The highest ammonium removals were also achieved at the highest F/M ratio (0.40) in the reactors with zeolite. Within the range studied (25°C-37°C) in the reactors with zeolite operating at 37°C, the second run demonstrated the low influence of temperature on substrate consumption and ammonia removal, with 93% and 70% of COD and ammonia removal efficiencies, respectively. The third run corroborated the results previously obtained and fit the experimental results to simple kinetic models, the Monod model being the most adequate for predicting the behavior of the systems studied. The maximum specific microorganism growth rate (μ(max)) values for the reactors with zeolite were almost twice as high as those obtained for the reactors without zeolite for similar F/M ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Montalvo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
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Wang ZW, Ma J, Chen S. Bipolar effects of settling time on active biomass retention in anaerobic sequencing batch reactors digesting flushed dairy manure. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:697-702. [PMID: 20875736 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Revised: 08/07/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Active biomass retention is a technical challenge in anaerobic digester treating dilute animal manure that contains solids particles. A strategy was tested using fibers in the dairy manure as biomass carriers by controlling settling time. Settling time ranging from 0.5 to 60min were applied to eight anaerobic sequencing batch reactors to investigate their effects on active biomass retention in anaerobic digestion of flushed dairy manure. Results revealed that there existed a critical settling time at 2min at which only minimum amount of active biomass was retained, and as settling time increased or decreased from this threshold, more active biomass could be retained. Gravity settling and selection pressure theories were suggested to account for the results. A model integrating these two effects was developed and verified with the experimental data. Knowledge derived from this study may lead to innovative bacterial retention technology for cost-effective anaerobic digestion of dairy wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wu Wang
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, P.O. Box 646120, Pullman, WA 99164-6120, USA
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Milan Z, Montalvo S, Ruiz-Tagle N, Urrutia H, Chamy R, Sanchez E, Borja R. Influence of heavy metal supplementation on specific methanogenic activity and microbial communities detected in batch anaerobic digesters. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2010; 45:1307-1314. [PMID: 20658410 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2010.500878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Natural and modified zeolites (0.5-1.0 mm) from the Tasajera deposit in Cuba were used to enhance the anaerobic digestion process of synthetic substrates. Natural zeolites were modified by ionic exchange and by adsorption with nickel, cobalt and magnesium. The experiments were carried out by using an inoculum from a full-scale anaerobic reactor treating winery wastewater. Modified natural zeolites not only enhanced the anaerobic digestion process, but also increased the specific methanogenic activity (SMA) of the sludges. The textural and chemical surface characteristics of the modified zeolites were related to the process performance, volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and microbial communities found in the digesters. For the selected dose of modified zeolites [0.05 g/g of volatile suspended solids (VSS)], the lowest concentration was found for cobalt followed by nickel and magnesium. Based on the analyses of anaerobic biofilms, the heavy metal incorporated into the zeolite was shown to have a great influence on the predominance of species. For example, the presence of nickel and cobalt favoured Methanosaeta, while at the same dose magnesic zeolite stimulated the presence of Methanosarcina and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). In digesters with modified zeolites and metal supplementations the values of SMA were higher than those obtained in the control and natural zeolite digesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Milan
- Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Chile
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Milan Z, Montalvo S, Ilangovan K, Monroy O, Chamy R, Weiland P, Sanchez E, Borja R. The impact of ammonia nitrogen concentration and zeolite addition on the specific methanogenic activity of granular and flocculent anaerobic sludges. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2010; 45:883-889. [PMID: 20419585 DOI: 10.1080/10934521003709099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the effect of ammonia nitrogen concentration and zeolite addition on the specific methanogenic activity (SMA) of different anaerobic sludges with various physical structures (granular and flocculent), operating in batch conditions. Piggery, malting production and urban sludges derived from full-scale anaerobic reactors were tested in the experiment as the source of inoculum in batch digesters. It was found that piggery sludge was the most affected by the increase of ammonia nitrogen concentration while malting producing and municipal sludges were less affected. In general, the addition of zeolite at doses in the range of 0.01-0.1 g/g VSS reduced the inhibitory effect of N-NH(4)(+) for piggery sludge (P.S.). For this sludge, the propionic:acetic ratio increased when the concentration of N-NH(4)(+) increased, indicating that methanogenesis was affected. Finally, a study of the microbial population involved in this study for P.S. by using 16S rRNA based molecular techniques revealed a presence of microorganisms following the order: Methanococcaceae > Methanosarcina > Methanosaeta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Milan
- Laboratorio de Biotecnologia Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Valaparaiso, Chile
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