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Roveri V, Lopes Guimarães L, Correia AT. Prioritizing pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) based on occurrence-persistency-mobility-toxicity (OPMT) criteria: an application to the Brazilian scenario. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 34:1023-1039. [PMID: 38047444 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2023.2287516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
A study of Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) was performed to assess the possible adverse effects of 25 pharmaceuticals commonly found in the Brazilian water compartments and to establish a ranking of environmental concern. The occurrence (O), the persistence (P), the mobility (M), and the toxicity (T) of these compounds in the Brazilian drinking water reservoirs were evaluated. Moreover, to verify the predicted OPMT dataset outcomes, a quality index (QI) was also developed and applied. The main results showed that: (i) after in silico predictions through VEGA QSAR, 19 from 25 pharmaceuticals consumed in Brazil were classified as persistent; (ii) moreover, after in silico predictions through OPERA QSAR, 15 among those 19 compounds considered persistent, were also classified as mobile or very mobile. On the other hand, the results of toxicity indicate that only 9 pharmaceuticals were classified with the highest toxicity level. Ultimately, the QI of 7 from 25 pharmaceuticals were categorized as 'optimal'; 15 pharmaceuticals were categorized as 'good'; and only 3 pharmaceuticals were categorized as 'regular'. Therefore, based on the QI criteria used, it is possible to assume that this OPMT prediction dataset had a good reliability. Efforts to reduce emissions of OPMT-pharmaceuticals in Brazilian drinking water reservoirs are encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Roveri
- Departamento de Gestão Ambiental, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), Santos, Brazil
- Laboratório de EcoFisiologia, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Matosinhos, Portugal
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Universidade Santa Cecília (UNISANTA), Santos, Brazil
| | - L Lopes Guimarães
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Universidade Santa Cecília (UNISANTA), Santos, Brazil
| | - A T Correia
- Laboratório de EcoFisiologia, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Matosinhos, Portugal
- Escola das Ciências da Vida e do Ambiente da Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD-ECVA), Vila Real, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
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Ray S, Shaju ST. Bioaccumulation of pesticides in fish resulting toxicities in humans through food chain and forensic aspects. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2023; 38:e2023017-0. [PMID: 37853698 PMCID: PMC10613562 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2023017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A crucial component for agricultural productivity is pesticide application. Increased usage of pesticides has significantly increased agricultural output, reduced grain losses in storage, and overall enhanced human wellbeing. Globally, every year approximately 3 billion kg of pesticides are used which budgets around 40 billion USD. Pesticide use can leave behind unwanted residues that can contaminate food, the environment, and living tissues. They are known to spread from agricultural regions that have been treated into the wider environment, where they affect non-target creatures. All tiers of biological organisms, directly impacted by this exposure. Pesticides at sub-lethal levels alter every aspect of a fish's physiology, including histology, haematology, defence mechanisms, and behaviour. The same topic of pesticide toxicology is the emphasis of this article, which also addresses some important induced chronic toxicological effects of pesticides in fish and the extent of their bioaccumulation in fish tissues. The data represents the largest bodies of water, such as rivers and lakes, that have been contaminated by pesticides, notably due to pesticide drift. It has been discussed how readily pesticides are absorbed into fish bodies and how this enters the food chain inducing harmful impacts on human health when consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryapratap Ray
- Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Tamil Nadu, India
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Removal of Emerging Pollutants in Horizontal Subsurface Flow and Vertical Flow Pilot-Scale Constructed Wetlands. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9122200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed constructed wetland (CW) performance in the removal of six emerging pollutants (EPs) from university campus wastewater. The EPs considered were: diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-isobutyl phthalate (DIBP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP), bis(2-ehtylxexyl) phthalate (DEHP), tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP) and caffeine (CAF). Six pilot-scale CWs, i.e., three horizontal subsurface flow (HSF) and three vertical flow (VF), with different design configurations were used: two types of plants and one unplanted for both the HSF and the VF, two hydraulic retention times (HRT) for the HSF, and two wastewater feeding strategies for the VF units. The results showed that the median removals in the three HSF-CWs ranged between 84.3 and 99.9%, 79.0 and 95.7%, 91.4 and 99.7%, 72.2 and 81.0%, 99.1 and 99.6%, and 99.3 and 99.6% for DEP, DIBP, DNOP, DEHP, TCPP, and CAF, respectively. In the three VF-CWs, the median removal efficiencies range was 98.6–99.4%, 63.6–98.0%, 96.6–97.8%, 73.6–94.5%, 99.3–99.5% and 94.4–96.3% for DEP, DIBP, DNOP, DEHP, TCPP and CAF, respectively. The study indicates that biodegradation and adsorption onto substrate were the most prevalent removal routes of the target EPs in CWs.
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Stavra E, Petrou PS, Koukouvinos G, Kiritsis C, Pirmettis I, Papadopoulos M, Goustouridis D, Economou A, Misiakos K, Raptis I, Kakabakos SE. Simultaneous determination of paraquat and atrazine in water samples with a white light reflectance spectroscopy biosensor. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 359:67-75. [PMID: 30014916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An optical immunosensor based on White Light Reflectance Spectroscopy for the simultaneous determination of the herbicides atrazine and paraquat in drinking water samples is demonstrated. The biosensor allows for the label-free real-time monitoring of biomolecular interactions taking place onto a SiO2/Si chip by transforming the shift in the reflected interference spectrum due to reaction to effective biomolecular layer thickness. Dual-analyte determination is accomplished by functionalizing spatially distinct areas of the chip with protein conjugates of the two herbicides and scanning the surface with an optical reflection probe. A competitive immunoassay format was adopted, followed by reaction with secondary antibodies for signal enhancement. The sensor was highly sensitive with detection limits of 40 and 50 pg/mL for paraquat and atrazine, respectively, and the assay duration was 12 min. Recovery values ranging from 90.0 to 110% were determined for the two pesticides in spiked bottled and tap water samples, demonstrating the sensor accuracy. In addition, the sensor could be regenerated and re-used at least 20 times without significant effect on the assay characteristics. Its excellent analytical performance and short analysis time combined with the small sensor size should be helpful for fast on-site determinations of these analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Stavra
- Immunoassays-Immunosensors Lab, INRASTES, NCSR "Demokritos", 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; Analytical Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Zografou, Greece
| | - Panagiota S Petrou
- Immunoassays-Immunosensors Lab, INRASTES, NCSR "Demokritos", 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece.
| | - Georgios Koukouvinos
- Immunoassays-Immunosensors Lab, INRASTES, NCSR "Demokritos", 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Christos Kiritsis
- Radiopharmaceuticals Lab, INRASTES, NCSR "Demokritos", 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Ioannis Pirmettis
- Radiopharmaceuticals Lab, INRASTES, NCSR "Demokritos", 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Minas Papadopoulos
- Radiopharmaceuticals Lab, INRASTES, NCSR "Demokritos", 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Goustouridis
- ThetaMetrisis S.A., Polydefkous 14, 12243 Egaleo, Greece; Electronics Department, TEI of Piraeus, 12244 Egaleo, Greece
| | - Anastasios Economou
- Analytical Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Zografou, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Misiakos
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos", 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Ioannis Raptis
- ThetaMetrisis S.A., Polydefkous 14, 12243 Egaleo, Greece
| | - Sotirios E Kakabakos
- Immunoassays-Immunosensors Lab, INRASTES, NCSR "Demokritos", 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece.
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Wasserman JC, de Oliveira Silva L, de Pontes GC, de Paiva Lima E. Mercury contamination in the sludge of drinking water treatment plants dumping into a reservoir in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:28713-28724. [PMID: 30099710 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2899-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although sludge piles from drinking water treatment plants can contain harmful substances, in many countries, their disposal methods are still unregulated. Besides aluminum, which is a major constituent in these residues, many other contaminants-like trace metals-can be present and may result from the quality of the raw materials used for water treatment. The application of these chemicals for the treatment of drinking water can generate toxic sludge and contaminate the produced water. In the present work, mercury contamination in the sludge piles of two drinking water treatment plants located along the margins of the Juturnaíba Reservoir, Southeast Brazil, was evaluated to verify whether contaminants are incorporated during water treatment. In the summer 2012, five cores were collected from the piles, and were analyzed for Eh, granulometry, total carbon, total nitrogen, and total mercury. The results indicated an anoxic environment, reflecting composition of the suspended matter. Carbon and nitrogen presented elevated concentrations, but also seemed to reproduce the characteristics of the suspended matter in the raw water. The concentrations of mercury were extremely variable but presented unexpectedly high values in some of the layers, reaching 18,484 ng g-1. On the other hand, concentrations ten times lower than those observed in the natural system (8 ng g-1) could be observed. It was concluded that the only possible source for the contamination of the sludge was the chemicals used for water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Cesar Wasserman
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências (Geoquímica), and Pós-Graduação em Sistemas de Gestão Sustentáveis, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Litorânea, Institute of Geosciences, office 406, Niterói, CEP 24210-346, Brazil.
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