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Pang Z, Zhou H, Yang S, Wang Y, Xue Y, Feng S. Enhanced surfactant remediation of diesel-contaminated soil using O 3 nanobubbles. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 356:141917. [PMID: 38588900 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Currently, nanobubbles are widely discussed in environmental research due to their unique properties, including significant specific surface area, transfer efficiency, and free radical generation. In this study, O2 and O3 nanobubbles (diameters ranging from 0 to 500 nm) were combined with conventional surfactant technology to investigate their enhanced efficacy in removing diesel contaminants from soil. The impact of various factors such as surfactant concentration, temperature, and soil aging duration on pollutant removal rates was examined across different experimental approaches (stirring/flushing). Soil samples subjected to different treatments were characterized using TG-DTG and FTIR analysis, while GC/MS was employed to assess the degradation products of diesel constituents in the soil. The results indicated that the elution efficiencies of the three surfactants (SDS, SDBS, and TX-100) for diesel in soil correlated positively with concentration (0.3-1.4 CMC) and temperature (18-60 °C), and inversely with aging time (10-300 days), with the elution capacity was SDS > SDBS > TX-100. Mechanical stirring (500 rpm) and temperature variations (18-60 °C) did not affect the stability of the nanobubbles. Upon the introduction of O3 nanobubbles to the surfactant solution, there was a consistent increase in both the removal (degraded and removed) efficiency and rate of diesel under varying experimental conditions, resulting in an enhancement of removal rates by approximately 8-15%. FTIR spectroscopy showed that surfactants containing O3 nanobubbles mitigated the impact on the primary functional groups of soil organic matter. GC/MS analyses indicated that residual pollutants were predominantly alkanes, with degradation difficulty ranking as: alkanes < alkenes < cycloalkanes < aromatic compounds. TG-DTG coupled with GC/MS analysis demonstrated that O3 nanobubbles contributed to a reduction in surfactant residues. This study significantly advances our understanding of how nanobubbles facilitate and optimize surfactant-assisted remediation of contaminated soil, thereby advancing the precise application of nanobubble technology in soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzheng Pang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Huiping Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
| | - Songnan Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Yiqun Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Yingang Xue
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Sheng Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
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Kumar M, Bolan N, Jasemizad T, Padhye LP, Sridharan S, Singh L, Bolan S, O'Connor J, Zhao H, Shaheen SM, Song H, Siddique KHM, Wang H, Kirkham MB, Rinklebe J. Mobilization of contaminants: Potential for soil remediation and unintended consequences. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 839:156373. [PMID: 35649457 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Land treatment has become an essential waste management practice. Therefore, soil becomes a major source of contaminants including organic chemicals and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) which enter the food chain, primarily through leaching to potable water sources, plant uptake, and animal transfer. A range of soil amendments are used to manage the mobility of contaminants and subsequently their bioavailability. Various soil amendments, like desorbing agents, surfactants, and chelating agents, have been applied to increase contaminant mobility and bioavailability. These mobilizing agents are applied to increase the contaminant removal though phytoremediation, bioremediation, and soil washing. However, possible leaching of the mobilized pollutants during soil washing is a major limitation, particularly when there is no active plant uptake. This leads to groundwater contamination and toxicity to plants and soil biota. In this context, the present review provides an overview on various soil amendments used to enhance the bioavailability and mobility of organic and inorganic contaminants, thereby facilitating increased risk when soil is remediated in polluted areas. The unintended consequences of the mobilization methods, when used to remediate polluted sites, are discussed in relation to the leaching of mobilized contaminants when active plant growth is absent. The toxicity of targeted and non-targeted contaminants to microbial communities and higher plants is also discussed. Finally, this review work summarizes the existing research gaps in various contaminant mobilization approaches, and prospects for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia.
| | - Tahereh Jasemizad
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Lokesh P Padhye
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Srinidhi Sridharan
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Lal Singh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shiv Bolan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - James O'Connor
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - Haochen Zhao
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hocheol Song
- Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Guangjin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - M B Kirkham
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Guangjin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Optimization of conditions for a surfactant-producing strain and application to petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil bioremediation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 213:112428. [PMID: 35231686 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated sites have been mainly remediated through the surfactant-enhanced soil leaching method. However, the commonly used chemical surfactants have poor biocompatibility and are prone to form residues in fields. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to establish an effective system of biosurfactant remediation in the field and provide instructions for common bioremediation challenges. First, wild-type Bacillus amyloliquefaciens A3, which produced lipopeptide biosurfactant, was used to improve the production of biosurfactant by atmosphere and room temperature plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis. Second, the mutant 1-24 was selected from a total of 174 mutants due to the outstanding yield. Subsequently, 1-24 was applied in the soil column leaching experiments and removed 45.44% of petroleum hydrocarbons by changing the relevant enzyme activities. Biosurfactant addition and 1-24 inoculation effectively activated a portion of the petroleum hydrocarbons in the soil columns, and 1-24 presented potential as a desired candidate for bioremediation. This is the first report of using ARTP mutagenesis to improve the production of biosurfactants. Simultaneously, we first propose a theoretical system in which the yield of biosurfactant was increased using ARTP mutagenesis for strains and applied the mutants in situ soil bioremediation. This research indicated that the theoretical system was useful in soil columns to simulate field remediation conditions, providing practical references for the bioremediation of contaminated soil.
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Application of a Developed Numerical Model for Surfactant Flushing Combined with Intermittent Air Injection at Field Scale. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14030316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Surfactant flushing with intermittent air injection, referred to as enhanced flushing, has been proposed at a site in Korea contaminated by military activity to overcome the difficulty of treatment caused by a layered geological structure. In this study, we developed a simple numerical model for exploring the effects of various physical and chemical processes associated with enhanced flushing on pollutant removal efficiency and applied it in a field-scale test. This simple numerical model considers only enhanced hydraulic conductivity rather than all of the interacting parameters associated with the complex chemical and physical processes related to air and surfactant behavior during enhanced flushing treatment. In the numerical experiment, the removal efficiency of residual non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) was approximately 12% greater with enhanced, rather than conventional, flushing because the hydraulic conductivity of the low-permeability layer was enhanced 5-fold, thus accelerating surfactant transport in the low-permeability layer and facilitating enhanced dissolution of residual NAPL. To test whether the enhanced flushing method is superior to conventional flushing, as observed in the field-scale test, successive soil flushing operations were simulated using the newly developed model, and the results were compared to field data. Overall, the simulation results aligned well with the field data.
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