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Silva IMD, Vacario BGL, Okuyama NCM, Barcelos GRM, Fuganti PE, Guembarovski RL, Cólus IMDS, Serpeloni JM. Polymorphisms in drug-metabolizing genes and urinary bladder cancer susceptibility and prognosis: Possible impacts and future management. Gene 2024; 907:148252. [PMID: 38350514 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown the association of genetic variants with risks of occupational and environmentally induced cancers, including bladder (BC). The current review summarizes the effects of variants in genes encoding phase I and II enzymes in well-designed studies to highlight their contribution to BC susceptibility and prognosis. Polymorphisms in genes codifying drug-metabolizing proteins are of particular interest because of their involvement in the metabolism of exogenous genotoxic compounds, such as tobacco and agrochemicals. The prognosis between muscle-invasive and non-muscle-invasive diseases is very different, and it is difficult to predict which will progress worse. Web of Science, PubMed, and Medline were searched to identify studies published between January 1, 2010, and February 2023. We included 73 eligible studies, more than 300 polymorphisms, and 46 genes/loci. The most studied candidate genes/loci of phase I metabolism were CYP1B1, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2A6, CYP3E1, and ALDH2, and those in phase II were GSTM1, GSTT1, NAT2, GSTP1, GSTA1, GSTO1, and UGT1A1. We used the 46 genes to construct a network of proteins and to evaluate their biological functions based on the Reactome and KEGG databases. Lastly, we assessed their expression in different tissues, including normal bladder and BC samples. The drug-metabolizing pathway plays a relevant role in BC, and our review discusses a list of genes that could provide clues for further exploration of susceptibility and prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabely Mayara da Silva
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Beatriz Geovana Leite Vacario
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; Center of Health Sciences, State University of West Paraná (UNIOESTE), Francisco Beltrão-Paraná, 85605-010, Brazil.
| | - Nádia Calvo Martins Okuyama
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Rafael Mazzaron Barcelos
- Department of Biosciences, Institute for Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos 11.060-001, Brazil.
| | | | - Roberta Losi Guembarovski
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Ilce Mara de Syllos Cólus
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Mara Serpeloni
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, Brazil.
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Habil MR, Salazar-González RA, Doll MA, Hein DW. N-acetyltransferase 2 acetylator genotype-dependent N-acetylation and toxicity of the arylamine carcinogen β-naphthylamine in cryopreserved human hepatocytes. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:3257-3263. [PMID: 36112171 PMCID: PMC9641657 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03381-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We used cryopreserved human hepatocytes that express rapid, intermediate, and slow acetylator N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) genotypes to measure the N-acetylation of β-naphthylamine (BNA) which is one of the aromatic amines found in cigarette smoke including E-cigarettes. We investigated the role of NAT2 genetic polymorphism in genotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by BNA. In vitro BNA NAT2 activities in rapid acetylators was 1.6 and 3.5-fold higher than intermediate (p < 0.01) and slow acetylators (p < 0.0001). BNA N-acetylation in situ was 3 to 4- fold higher in rapid acetylators than slow acetylators, following incubation with 10 and 100 µM BNA (p < 0.01). DNA damage was two to threefold higher in the rapid versus slow acetylators (p < 0.0001) and 2.5-fold higher in intermediate versus slow acetylators following BNA treatment at 100 and 1000 μM, ROS/RNS level was the highest in rapid acetylators followed by intermediate and then slow acetylators (p < 0.0001). Our findings show that the N-acetylation of BNA is NAT2 genotype dependent in cryopreserved human hepatocytes and our data further document an important role for NAT2 genetic polymorphism in modifying BNA-induced genotoxicity and oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam R Habil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock Street, CTR Rm 303, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Raúl A Salazar-González
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock Street, CTR Rm 303, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Mark A Doll
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock Street, CTR Rm 303, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - David W Hein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock Street, CTR Rm 303, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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Golka K, Böthig R, Weistenhöfer W, Jungmann OP, Bergmann S, Zellner M, Schöps W. [Occupation-related cancer in urology-Current knowledge including environmental medical aspects]. UROLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 61:1198-1207. [PMID: 36161345 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-022-01938-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Occupation-related cancers are of considerable importance, which is not yet adequately recognized in the field of urology. The three numerically most significant entities are tumors of the urinary tract caused by carcinogenic aromatic amines or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, renal cell cancer after high exposure to the solvent trichloroethylene, and mesotheliomas of the tunica vaginalis of the testis after exposure to asbestos; however, these can only be recognized as occupation-related if an occupational history regarding the hazard relevant to the organ bearing the tumor is documented from the beginning of employment, e.g. by a questionnaire. This is because the relevant exposures generally date back several decades. With the exception of high exposure to trichloroethylene, the substances mentioned can also environmentally trigger the same tumors. In the context of environmental risk factors, it is of considerable importance that smoking is now considered to be a trigger for some 50% of all bladder cancers in men and women; however, smoking cessation results in a reduction in smoking-related cancer risk of over 30% after only 3-4 years. Work and commuting accidents, which are considered occupational risks, can lead to urological sequelae. For example, increased tumors of the bladder can occur after spinal cord injury lasting longer than 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Golka
- Leibniz-Institut für Arbeitsforschung an der TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystr. 67, 44139, Dortmund, Deutschland.
| | - Ralf Böthig
- Abteilung Neuro-Urologie, BG Klinikum Hamburg, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - Wobbeke Weistenhöfer
- Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits‑, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - Olaf P Jungmann
- Urologische Klinik Lindenthal, St. Hildegardis, Köln, Deutschland
| | - Steffi Bergmann
- Klinik für Urologie, Kinderurologie und onkologische Urologie, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Paul Gerhardt Stift, Lutherstadt Wittenberg, Deutschland
| | - Michael Zellner
- Abteilung Urologie|Neurourologie, KWA Klinik Stift Rottal, Bad Griesbach, Deutschland
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Habil MR, Salazar-González RA, Doll MA, Hein DW. Differences in β-naphthylamine metabolism and toxicity in Chinese hamster ovary cell lines transfected with human CYP1A2 and NAT2*4, NAT2*5B or NAT2*7B N-acetyltransferase 2 haplotypes. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:2999-3012. [PMID: 36040704 PMCID: PMC10187863 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03367-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
β-naphthylamine (BNA) is an important aromatic amine carcinogen. Current exposures derive primarily from cigarette smoking including e-cigarettes. Occupational and environmental exposure to BNA is associated with urinary bladder cancer which is the fourth most frequent cancer in the United States. N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) is an important metabolizing enzyme for aromatic amines. Previous studies investigated mutagenicity and genotoxicity of BNA in bacteria and in rabbit or rat hepatocytes. However, the effects of human NAT2 genetic polymorphism on N-acetylation and genotoxicity induced by BNA still need to be clarified. We used nucleotide excision repair-deficient Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells that were stably transfected with human CYP1A2 and NAT2 alleles: NAT2*4 (reference allele), NAT2*5B (variant slow acetylator allele common in Europe) or NAT2*7B (variant slow acetylator allele common in Asia). BNA N-acetylation was measured both in vitro and in situ via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) mutations, double-strand DNA breaks, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured as indices of toxicity. NAT2*4 cells showed significantly higher BNA N-acetylation rates followed by NAT2*7B and NAT2*5B. BNA caused concentration-dependent increases in DNA damage and ROS levels. NAT2*7B showed significantly higher levels of HPRT mutants, DNA damage and ROS than NAT2*5B (p < 0.001, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001 respectively) although both are slow alleles. Our findings suggest that BNA N-acetylation and toxicity are modified by NAT2 polymorphism. Furthermore, they confirm heterogeneity among slow acetylator alleles for BNA metabolism and toxicity supporting differential risk for individuals carrying NAT2*7B allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam R Habil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock Street, CTR Rm 303, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Raúl A Salazar-González
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock Street, CTR Rm 303, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Mark A Doll
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock Street, CTR Rm 303, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - David W Hein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock Street, CTR Rm 303, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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Peng W, Dong N, Wu S, Gui D, Ye Z, Wu H, Zhong X. miR-4500 suppresses cell proliferation and migration in bladder cancer via inhibition of STAT3/CCR7 pathway. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:3913-3922. [PMID: 31788846 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a prevalent type of cancer that occurs in human urinary system threatening the human health. microRNA-4500 (miRNA-4500) is a novel miRNA that serves as a potential biomarker in several types of cancers. However, the in-depth molecular mechanism of miR-4500 in BC has not yet been fully elucidated. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactionq and Western blot analysis were applied to analyze the expressions of miR-4500, STAT3, and C-C chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7). Gain-of-function assays involving Cell Counting Kit-8, 5'-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation assay, and Transwell were employed to evaluate miR-4500 function in cell proliferation and migration. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation, RNA immunoprecipitation, and luciferase reporter assay were performed to explore the molecular mechanism underlying function of miR-4500. We found the downregulation of miR-4500 in BC cells, and ectopic expression of miR-4500 hampered cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Importantly, miR-4500 directly targeted STAT3 3'-untranslated region, leading to repression on STAT3 expression. Intriguingly, STAT3 transcriptionally regulated CCR7. Rescue experiments validated the presence of miR-4500/STAT3/CCR7 axis in control of BC growth and progression. Our data highlighted miR-4500 as a potent cancericidal gene in BC, and might provide a theoretical grounding for development of target-oriented therapies of patients afflicted with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- Departmet of Urology Surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital, EDONG Healthcare, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Na Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Spine Trauma, Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Shihao Wu
- Department of Urology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Dingwen Gui
- Departmet of Urology Surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital, EDONG Healthcare, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Zhihua Ye
- Departmet of Urology Surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital, EDONG Healthcare, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Haixia Wu
- Departmet of Urology Surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital, EDONG Healthcare, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Xintai Zhong
- Department of Urology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
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N-acetyltransferase 2 polymorphism is associated with bladder cancer risk: An updated meta-analysis based on 54 case-control studies. Gene 2020; 757:144924. [PMID: 32622992 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) polymorphism could participate in the metabolism of carcinogens through regulating the activity of a series of critical enzymes. However, the effects of NAT2 polymorphism on bladder cancer (BCa) risk were still inconclusive. In order to illustrate whether NAT2 polymorphism may influence the susceptibility to BCa, we conducted this updated meta-analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Databases including PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) were systematically retrieved and we applied MetaGenyo to perform final meta-analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) as well as 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and Bonferroni method was applied to correct the P-value for multiple comparisons. The registration of this study protocol is at PROSPERO and ID is CRD42019133957. RESULTS Ultimately, 54 case-control studies were identified for final meta-analysis (13343 BCa cases and 18,586 controls). Overall analysis indicated that the slow genotype in NAT2 polymorphism was obviously associated with BCa risk (PBonferroni < 0.001). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that significant risk with the slow genotype was observed in Caucasians, Asians, smokers, non-exposed individuals, high grade bladder cancer (HGBC) patients and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients. In addition, the intermediate NAT2 genotype was revealed to increase the BCa risk of Asians and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) patients. However, no correlation was identified in Africans with the NAT2 polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS The slow NAT2 genotype was identified to be the risk genotype for BCa. The intermediate genotype could serve as the candidate risk genotype. The gene-smoking interaction with NAT2 polymorphism might accelerate the tumor progression.
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Hanson HA, Leiser CL, O'Neil B, Martin C, Gupta S, Smith KR, Dechet C, Lowrance WT, Madsen MJ, Camp NJ. Harnessing Population Pedigree Data and Machine Learning Methods to Identify Patterns of Familial Bladder Cancer Risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:918-926. [PMID: 32098890 PMCID: PMC7196496 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relatives of patients with bladder cancer have been shown to be at increased risk for kidney, lung, thyroid, and cervical cancer after correcting for smoking-related behaviors that may concentrate in some families. We demonstrate a novel approach to simultaneously assess risks for multiple cancers to identify distinct multicancer configurations (multiple different cancer types that cluster in relatives) surrounding patients with familial bladder cancer. METHODS This study takes advantage of a unique population-level data resource, the Utah Population Database (UPDB), containing vast genealogy and statewide cancer data. Familial risk is measured using standardized incidence risk (SIR) ratios that account for sex, age, birth cohort, and person-years of the pedigree members. RESULTS We identify 1,023 families with a significantly higher bladder cancer rate than population controls (familial bladder cancer). Familial SIRs are then calculated across 25 cancer types, and a weighted Gower distance with K-medoids clustering is used to identify familial multicancer configurations (FMC). We found five FMCs, each exhibiting a different pattern of cancer aggregation. Of the 25 cancer types studied, kidney and prostate cancers were most commonly enriched in the familial bladder cancer clusters. Laryngeal, lung, stomach, acute lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin disease, soft-tissue carcinoma, esophageal, breast, lung, uterine, thyroid, and melanoma cancers were the other cancer types with increased incidence in familial bladder cancer families. CONCLUSIONS This study identified five familial bladder cancer FMCs showing unique risk patterns for cancers of other organs, suggesting phenotypic heterogeneity familial bladder cancer. IMPACT FMC configurations could permit better definitions of cancer phenotypes (subtypes or multicancer) for gene discovery and environmental risk factor studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi A Hanson
- Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
- Division of Urology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Claire L Leiser
- Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Brock O'Neil
- Division of Urology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Christopher Martin
- Division of Urology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Sumati Gupta
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ken R Smith
- Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Family and Consumer Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Christopher Dechet
- Division of Urology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - William T Lowrance
- Division of Urology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Michael J Madsen
- Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Nicola J Camp
- Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Savchenko YA, Minina VI, Bakanova ML, Glushkov AN. Genotoxic and Carcinogenic Effects of Industrial Factors in Coal Mining and Coal-Processing Industry (Review). RUSS J GENET+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795419060140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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The frequencies of micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges and nuclear buds as biomarkers of genomic instability in patients with urothelial cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17873. [PMID: 30552338 PMCID: PMC6294807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) is an increasingly prevalent cancer worldwide, and thus, gaining a better understanding of its identifiable risk factors is a global priority. This study addressed this public health need with the understanding that cancer-initiating events, such as chromosome breakage, loss and rearrangement, can be reasonably used as biomarkers to evaluate an individual’s cancer risk. Overall, forty bladder cancer patients and twenty controls were evaluated for genomic instability. To the best of the investigators’ knowledge, this is the first study to perform micronucleus (MN) assays simultaneously in urothelial exfoliated cells (UEC), buccal exfoliated cells (BEC), and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in first-diagnosed, non-smoker bladder UCC patients. Additionally, the frequency of nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and nuclear buds (NBUDs) in PBL was evaluated. The MN frequencies in UEC, BEC, and PBL, as well as the frequencies of NPBs and NBUDs, were significantly higher in patients than in controls. In conclusion, MN assays, particularly in UEC, may be used to identify individuals who are at high risk of developing UCC, as single or as additional triage test to UroVysion FISH test. Our results further validate the efficacy of biomarkers, such as MN, NPBs, and NBUDs, as predictors of genomic instability.
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Bolt HM. Highlight report: Occupational urinary bladder cancer. EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 16:1319-1320. [PMID: 29333133 PMCID: PMC5763096 DOI: 10.17179/excli2017-1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H M Bolt
- IfADo, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
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11
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Michael G, Thier R, Blaszkewicz M, Selinski S, Golka K. Algorithm for the Automated Evaluation of NAT2 Genotypes. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1655:77-96. [PMID: 28889379 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7234-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
N-Acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) genotyping by PCR and RFLP-based methods provides information on seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) without deriving the chromosomal phase (haplotype). So genotyping results must be processed to get all possible NAT2 haplotype (or allele) combinations. Here we describe the procedure for genotyping and present a program based on Microsoft® Access® which automatically generates all possible haplotype pairs for a given unphased NAT2 genotype. NAT2 haplotypes are important to predict the NAT2 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricarda Thier
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Australia
| | - Meinolf Blaszkewicz
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Silvia Selinski
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Klaus Golka
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
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Selinski S. Discovering urinary bladder cancer risk variants: Status quo after almost ten years of genome-wide association studies. EXCLI JOURNAL 2017; 16:1288-1296. [PMID: 29285021 PMCID: PMC5735342 DOI: 10.17179/excli2017-1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Selinski
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo)
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13
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Selinski S. Highlight report: gene dose response in N-acetylation capacity. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:4019-4020. [PMID: 29185025 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Selinski
- IfADo-Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund, Ardeystr. 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany.
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14
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Combined presence of four individually weak genetic variants strongly increases cancer risk. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:4025-4026. [PMID: 29143080 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Golka K, Ickstadt K, Selinski S, Hengstler JG, Wilhelm M. Third symposium on Environmental Toxicology in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany: Interdisciplinary Research Activities in Toxicology, Statistics, Hygiene and Medicine : Meeting report on a symposium held in Dortmund May 7-8, 2015. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:3711-3715. [PMID: 29030651 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2093-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Golka
- Leibniz Research Institute for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Ardeystr. 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Katja Ickstadt
- Faculty of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Vogelpothsweg 87, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Silvia Selinski
- Leibniz Research Institute for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Ardeystr. 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Institute for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Ardeystr. 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Wilhelm
- Department of Hygiene, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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Lukas C, Selinski S, Prager HM, Blaszkewicz M, Hengstler JG, Golka K. Occupational bladder cancer: Polymorphisms of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, exposures, and prognosis. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:439-452. [PMID: 28696839 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2017.1304731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 7% of all bladder cancer cases in males are associated with occupation. The question arises whether the use of genome-wide association studies was able to identify bladder cancer risk factors that may modulate occupational bladder cancer risk and prognosis. One hundred and forty-three bladder cancer cases with suspected occupational bladder cancer and 337 controls were genotyped for the following polymorphisms: N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1), glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1), UDP-glucuronyltransferase 1A rs11892031 (UGT1A), rs9642880 (close to c-MYC), and rs710521 (close to TP63). The most relevant polymorphisms for occupational bladder cancer risk were GSTM1 and UGT1A, especially when co-occurring (GSTM1 negative and rs11892031[A/A]: 48% cases vs. 38% controls, OR 1.47, 95% CI 0.99-2.20). The effect was more pronounced in smokers. GSTM1 negative genotype occurred more frequently in cancer cases exposed to aromatic amines, carbolineum, and in painters and varnishers. UGT1A (rs11892031[A/A]) was found frequently in cases exposed to carbolineum, crack test spray, PAH, and in painters and varnishers. All investigated polymorphisms except rs710521 (TP63) seemed to exert an impact on recurrence risk. Relapse-free times were shorter for NAT2 slow and ultra-slow, GSTT1 positive and GSTM1 negative cases. Occupational bladder cancer cases with a number of risk variants displayed significantly shorter relapse-free times compared to cases with few, less relevant risk alleles as evidenced by median difference 8 months. In conclusion, in the present, suspected occupational bladder cancer cases phase II polymorphisms involved in bladder carcinogen metabolism modulate bladder cancer recurrence. Most relevant for bladder cancer risk were GSTM1 and UGT1A but not NAT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordula Lukas
- a Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine , Castrop-Rauxel , Germany
| | - Silvia Selinski
- b Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo) , Dortmund , Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Prager
- a Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine , Castrop-Rauxel , Germany
| | - Meinolf Blaszkewicz
- b Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo) , Dortmund , Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- b Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo) , Dortmund , Germany
| | - Klaus Golka
- b Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo) , Dortmund , Germany
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Ebbinghaus D, Bánfi G, Selinski S, Blaszkewicz M, Bürger H, Hengstler JG, Nyirády P, Golka K. Polymorphisms of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in bladder cancer patients of the Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:423-429. [PMID: 28696897 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2017.1304736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphic xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes such as N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) or glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) are known to modulate bladder cancer risk. As no apparent data were available from Hungary, a former member of the eastern European economic organization, a study was performed in Budapest. In total, 182 bladder cancer cases and 78 cancer-free controls were investigated by questionnaire. Genotypes of NAT2, GSTM1, GSTT1, rs1058396 and rs17674580 were determined by standard methods. Current smokers' crude odds ratio (OR) (3.43) and former smokers crude OR (2.36) displayed a significantly increased bladder cancer risk. The risk rose by a factor of 1.56 per 10 pack years. Exposure to fumes was associated with an elevated bladder cancer risk (23% cases, 13% controls). Sixty-four % of the cases and 59% of controls were slow NAT2 acetylators. It was not possible to establish a particular impact of NAT2*6A and *7B genotypes (15 cases, 8%, 5 controls, 7%). GSTT1 exerted no marked influence on bladder cancer (negative 21% cases vs. 22% controls). The portion of GSTM1 negative bladder cancer patients was increased (63% cases vs. 54% controls). The SLC14A1 SNPs rs1058396[AG/GG] and the nearby rs17674580[CT/TT] occurred more frequently in cases (79% and 68%) than controls (77% and 55%). The portion of GSTM1 negative bladder cancer patients is comparable with portions reported from other industrialized areas like Lutherstadt Wittenberg/Germany (58%), Dortmund/Germany (70%), Brescia/Italy (66%) or an occupational case-control series in Germany (56%). Data indicate that GSTM1 is a susceptibility factor for environmentally triggered bladder cancer rather than for smoking-mediated bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dörte Ebbinghaus
- a Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo) , Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gergely Bánfi
- b Department of Urology , Semmelweis University , Budapest, Hungary
| | - Silvia Selinski
- a Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo) , Dortmund, Germany
| | - Meinolf Blaszkewicz
- a Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo) , Dortmund, Germany
| | - Hannah Bürger
- a Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo) , Dortmund, Germany
- c Faculty of Statistics , TU Dortmund University , Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- a Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo) , Dortmund, Germany
| | - Péter Nyirády
- b Department of Urology , Semmelweis University , Budapest, Hungary
| | - Klaus Golka
- a Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo) , Dortmund, Germany
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Isermann J, Prager HM, Ebbinghaus R, Janasik B, Wasowicz W, Dufaux B, Meyer HF, Widera A, Selinski S, Hengstler JG, Golka K. Urinary cadmium levels in active and retired coal miners. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:405-410. [PMID: 28696835 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2017.1304710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A meta-analysis, based upon 24 publications, showed a significantly elevated risk for urinary bladder cancer amongst miners. In European underground hard coal mining areas, an increased risk for urinary bladder cancer development was noted among hard coal miners, in particular in three investigations in the greater Dortmund area. However, the cause remains unclear. As cadmium (Cd), which was reported to be a bladder carcinogen in humans and is a constituent of coal, the aim of this study was to determine urinary Cd levels in active and retired hard coal miners and assess whether hard coal miners demonstrated elevated metal levels. In total, 103 retired and 25 active hard coal miners as well as 18 controls without any history of hard coal mining were investigated for urinary Cd levels. Urinary Cd concentrations, in addition to other elements, were analyzed in spot urines by ICP-MS-based multi-element analysis in a Department for Forensic and Clinical Toxicology. Limit of detection (LOD) for Cd was 0.5 μg/L. Reference value for occupationally non-exposed working age population was 0.8 μg/L. In total, 49% of all underground coal miners were exposed to coal dust, 12% to grinded rock, and 39% to both. Urinary Cd levels in retired as well as active coal miners and controls were clearly below the Biological Exposure Index. Urinary Cd concentration is a suitable biomarker to evaluate the metallic load of the body, as the half-life is > than 10 years. The detected urinary Cd levels in retired and active coal miners indicated underground hard coal miners were not apparently exposed to Cd to a occupationally-relevant concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Isermann
- a Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine , Castrop-Rauxel , Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Prager
- a Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine , Castrop-Rauxel , Germany
| | - Rainer Ebbinghaus
- a Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine , Castrop-Rauxel , Germany
| | - Beata Janasik
- b Department of Environmental and Biological Monitoring, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine , Lodz , Poland
| | - Wojciech Wasowicz
- b Department of Environmental and Biological Monitoring, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine , Lodz , Poland
| | - Bertinus Dufaux
- c Department of Forensic and Clinical Toxicology , Bad Salzuflen , Germany
| | | | - Agata Widera
- e Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo) , Dortmund , Germany
| | - Silvia Selinski
- e Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo) , Dortmund , Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- e Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo) , Dortmund , Germany
| | - Klaus Golka
- e Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo) , Dortmund , Germany
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Höhne S, Gerullis H, Blaszkewicz M, Selinski S, Hengstler JG, Otto T, Golka K. N-acetyltransferase 1*10 genotype in bladder cancer patients. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:417-422. [PMID: 28696911 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2017.1304727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In a large bladder cancer study in the greater Berlin area with 425 cases and 343 controls, the haplotype N-acetyltransferase 1*10 (NAT1*10) was associated with a decreased bladder cancer risk. In a recently published meta-analysis, results of the studies were found to be inconclusive. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of NAT1*10 in bladder cancer patients and controls recruited in an area without industries reported to be associated with increased bladder cancer risk. Rs1057126 (1088 T > A) and rs15561 (1095 C > A) were determined in 412 bladder cancer patients and 415 controls without a known history of malignancies. With these two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), it was possible to distinguish between NAT1*4 (wild type), NAT1*3 (1095 C > A), and NAT1*10 (1088 T > A, 1095C > A). The frequencies of the determined NAT1 haplotypes did not differ markedly between cases and controls: NAT1*4: 74%, NAT1*3: 6%, NAT1*10: 20%. Bladder cancer risk was not significantly modulated by NAT1*10/*10 (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.71-1.48) but was higher for NAT1*3/*3 genotypes (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.32-3.21). In contrast to the Berlin study from 2001, data in present study demonstrated that NAT1*10 haplotype was not associated with a significantly decreased bladder cancer risk. This may be due to local effects in the greater Berlin area, particularly at the time of investigation. The findings of the present study are in agreement with observations of a recently published meta-analysis which also showed no relevant impact of NAT1*10 haplotype on bladder cancer risk. The impact of the rare NAT1*3/*3 genotype was significant but this may be attributed to rarity without major practical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Höhne
- a Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo) , Dortmund , Germany
| | - Holger Gerullis
- b Department of Urology , Lukas Hospital , Neuss , Germany
- c University Hospital for Urology, Klinikum Oldenburg, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg , Oldenburg , Germany
| | - Meinolf Blaszkewicz
- a Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo) , Dortmund , Germany
| | - Silvia Selinski
- a Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo) , Dortmund , Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- a Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo) , Dortmund , Germany
| | - Thomas Otto
- b Department of Urology , Lukas Hospital , Neuss , Germany
| | - Klaus Golka
- a Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo) , Dortmund , Germany
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