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Almeida PV, Gando-Ferreira LM, Quina MJ. Tomato Residue Management from a Biorefinery Perspective and towards a Circular Economy. Foods 2024; 13:1873. [PMID: 38928815 PMCID: PMC11202697 DOI: 10.3390/foods13121873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The tomato industry is a relevant socio-economic activity in the European Union, while it generates a large variety of residues. Tomatoes unfit for consumption, tomato peels, seeds, industrial pomace, and plants are examples of residues of this industry. Commonly, some of the residues can be left in the field, composted, used for animal feeding, or valorized through anaerobic digestion. However, more economic value can be attributed to these residues if a biorefinery approach is applied. Indeed, many value-added compounds can be obtained by the integration of different processes while closing the carbon and nutrient loops. The extraction of bioactive compounds followed by anaerobic digestion and composting seems to be a viable proposal for a biorefinery approach. Thus, this study aims to review the biorefinery strategies for valorizing tomato residues, highlighting the main processes proposed. The recovery of lycopene, β-carotene, and phenolic compounds has been widely studied at the lab scale, while energy recovery has already been applied at the industrial scale. Although techno-economic analysis is scarce for tomato residue valorization processes, positive net present values (NPV) and low payback times (PBT) have been reported in the literature. Thus, more work comparing multiple extraction technologies and biorefinery strategies coupled with economic and environmental assessment should be performed to select the most promising management route for tomato residues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Margarida J. Quina
- CERES, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.V.A.); (L.M.G.-F.)
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2
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Hurkul MM, Cetinkaya A, Kaya SI, Yayla S, Ozkan SA. Investigation of Health Effects of Major Phenolic Compounds in Foods: Extraction Processes, Analytical Approaches and Applications. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-35. [PMID: 38650305 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2336981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The escalating costs of healthcare services and a growing awareness of personal health responsibilities have led individuals to explore natural methods alongside conventional medicines for health improvement and disease prevention. The aging global population is experiencing increased health needs, notably related to conditions like diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension. Lifestyle-related diseases, poor dietary habits, and sedentary lifestyles underscore the importance of foods containing nutrients that can aid in preventing and managing these diseases. Phenolic compounds, a fundamental group of phytochemicals, are prominent in the chemical diversity of the natural world and are abundant in functional foods. Widely distributed in various plant parts, these compounds exhibit important functional and sensory properties, including color, taste, and aroma. Their diverse functionalities, particularly antioxidant activity, play a crucial role in mitigating cellular oxidative stress, potentially reducing damage associated with serious health issues such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disea23ses, and cancer. Phenolic compounds exist in different forms, some combined with glycosides, impacting their biological effects and absorption. Approximately 8000 polyphenols isolated from plants offer significant potential for natural medicines and nutritional supplements. Therefore, their extraction process and selective and sensitive food determination are very important. This review focuses on the extraction processes, analytical methods, and health effects of major phenolic compounds in foods. The examination encompasses a comprehensive analysis of analytical approaches and their applications in elucidating the presence and impact of these compounds on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mesud Hurkul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Cetinkaya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S Irem Kaya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seyda Yayla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel A Ozkan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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3
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Rosa-Martínez E, Bovy A, Plazas M, Tikunov Y, Prohens J, Pereira-Dias L. Genetics and breeding of phenolic content in tomato, eggplant and pepper fruits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1135237. [PMID: 37025131 PMCID: PMC10070870 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1135237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic acids and flavonoids are large groups of secondary metabolites ubiquitous in the plant kingdom. They are currently in the spotlight due to the numerous health benefits associated with their consumption, as well as for their vital roles in plant biological processes and in plant-environment interaction. Tomato, eggplant and pepper are in the top ten most consumed vegetables in the world, and their fruit accumulation profiles have been extensively characterized, showing substantial differences. A broad array of genetic and genomic tools has helped to identify QTLs and candidate genes associated with the fruit biosynthesis of phenolic acids and flavonoids. The aim of this review was to synthesize the available information making it easily available for researchers and breeders. The phenylpropanoid pathway is tightly regulated by structural genes, which are conserved across species, along with a complex network of regulatory elements like transcription factors, especially of MYB family, and cellular transporters. Moreover, phenolic compounds accumulate in tissue-specific and developmental-dependent ways, as different paths of the metabolic pathway are activated/deactivated along with fruit development. We retrieved 104 annotated putative orthologues encoding for key enzymes of the phenylpropanoid pathway in tomato (37), eggplant (29) and pepper (38) and compiled 267 QTLs (217 for tomato, 16 for eggplant and 34 for pepper) linked to fruit phenolic acids, flavonoids and total phenolics content. Combining molecular tools and genetic variability, through both conventional and genetic engineering strategies, is a feasible approach to improve phenolics content in tomato, eggplant and pepper. Finally, although the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway has been well-studied in the Solanaceae, more research is needed on the identification of the candidate genes behind many QTLs, as well as their interactions with other QTLs and genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rosa-Martínez
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Arnaud Bovy
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Mariola Plazas
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yury Tikunov
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jaime Prohens
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Leandro Pereira-Dias
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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4
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Pateiro M, Domínguez R, Munekata PES, Nieto G, Bangar SP, Dhama K, Lorenzo JM. Bioactive Compounds from Leaf Vegetables as Preservatives. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030637. [PMID: 36766166 PMCID: PMC9914076 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Trends toward a healthier diet are increasing attention to clean-label products. This has led to the search for new ingredients that avoid the use of chemical additives. Food industries are responding to these demands by incorporating natural preservatives into their products, which consumers perceive as healthy. Leafy vegetables would fit this strategy since they are common components of the diet and are associated with beneficial health effects. The objective of this chapter is to offer an overview of the large number of bioactive compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, glucosinolates, and sulfur compounds) present in these plants, which would be responsible for their activity as potential preservatives. Its incorporation into food would improve the quality and extend the shelf life by reducing oxidative processes and inhibiting or retarding the microbial growth that occurs during processing and storage without reducing the organoleptic characteristics of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
| | - Rubén Domínguez
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
| | - Paulo E. S. Munekata
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
| | - Gema Nieto
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30071 Espinardo, Spain
| | - Sneh Punia Bangar
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly 243122, India
| | - José M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- Area de Tecnoloxía dos Alimentos, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Correspondence:
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5
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Morelli CF, Cutignano A, Speranza G, Abbamondi GR, Rabuffetti M, Iodice C, De Prisco R, Tommonaro G. Taste Compounds and Polyphenolic Profile of Tomato Varieties Cultivated with Beneficial Microorganisms: A Chemical Investigation on Nutritional Properties and Sensory Qualities. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010117. [PMID: 36671502 PMCID: PMC9855395 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a strong need to develop eco-sustainable agricultural techniques to improve crop yields while preserving biomolecule contents and reducing the adverse environmental impact of agro-chemicals. The use of microorganisms in agriculture represents an attractive and innovative solution. Herein, a chemical study on the nutritional and sensory qualities of San Marzano Cirio 3 (SMC3), Corbarino (CO) and Brandywine (BW) tomato varieties cultivated with and without effective microorganisms (EM) is reported. LC-MS analysis of the methanolic extracts allowed for the identification of 21 polyphenol derivatives. In different proportions among the studied varieties, the two main polyphenols were rutin and naringenin chalcone; the latter was isolated and chemically identified by complementary HR-ESIMS/MS and NMR methods. SMC3 and CO were richer in naringenin chalcone. Conversely, BW showed higher proportions of rutin; however, in all cases, the relative amounts of the two polyphenols considered together increased over the other minor components after the EM treatment. The qualitative and quantitative HPLC analyses of taste-active compounds (aspartic acid, glutamic acid, AMP and GMP) revealed a significant difference in aspartic and glutamic acids and ribonucleotide contents according to the cultivation condition (±EM), particularly in BW. This study provides chemical data in support of the use of EM green technology for the cultivation of edible agricultural products, such as tomato preserves, and may even improve nutritional and sensory qualities while safeguarding the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adele Cutignano
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (G.T.); Tel.: +39-081-8675313 (A.C.); +39-081-8675029 (G.T.)
| | - Giovanna Speranza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gennaro Roberto Abbamondi
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Marco Rabuffetti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Carmine Iodice
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Rocco De Prisco
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Tommonaro
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (G.T.); Tel.: +39-081-8675313 (A.C.); +39-081-8675029 (G.T.)
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6
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Abstract
Plants, through the photosynthesis process, produce the substances necessary for all the life cycles of nature, which are called "primary metabolites." Moreover, there are some plants that synthesize, in addition to these, other substances with more specific functions, which are known as "secondary metabolites." It is inside this group that flavonoids are located, whose main function is to protect organisms from damage caused by different oxidizing agents. Luteolin (3,4,5,7-tetrahydroxy-flavone) belongs to the sub-class of flavonoids known as flavones and is one of 10,000 flavonoids currently known, being one of the most bio-active flavonoids. Its various beneficial properties for health, together with the increasing reduction in the use of synthetic antioxidants, make the study of luteolin a very active field. Within this, the quantification of this molecule has become a subject of very special interest given that it is transversal to all fields. In this review article, we aim to give the reader a broad and deep vision of this topic, focusing on the events reported in the last 5 years and covering all possible techniques related to analytical determinations. We will discuss in terms of advantages and disadvantages between techniques, selectivity, sensitivity, costs, time consumption, and reagents as well as in the complexity of operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Y Tesio
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energía de Jujuy (CIDMEJu), Centro de Desarrollo Tecnológico General Savio, Palpalá, Jujuy, Argentina
| | - Sebastian N Robledo
- Departamento de Tecnología Química, Grupo GEANA, Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud (IDAS), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina
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7
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ZHOU X, GUAN Q, QIN Y, QIN Z, DU B, LIN D. Dynamic changes in physic-chemical properties and bacterial community during natural fermentation of tomatoes. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.63520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli ZHOU
- Guiyang University, China; Guiyang University, China
| | | | | | | | - Bin DU
- Guiyang University, China; Guiyang University, China
| | - Dong LIN
- Guiyang University, China; Guiyang University, China
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8
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Wei S, Zhang W, Fu R, Zhang Y. Genome-wide characterization of 2-oxoglutarate and Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenase family genes in tomato during growth cycle and their roles in metabolism. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:126. [PMID: 33602133 PMCID: PMC7891033 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07434-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2-Oxoglutarate and Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenases (2ODDs) belong to the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2OGD) superfamily and are involved in various vital metabolic pathways of plants at different developmental stages. These proteins have been extensively investigated in multiple model organisms. However, these enzymes have not been systematically analyzed in tomato. In addition, type I flavone synthase (FNSI) belongs to the 2ODD family and contributes to the biosynthesis of flavones, but this protein has not been characterized in tomato. RESULTS A total of 131 2ODDs from tomato were identified and divided into seven clades by phylogenetic classification. The Sl2ODDs in the same clade showed similar intron/exon distributions and conserved motifs. The Sl2ODDs were unevenly distributed across the 12 chromosomes, with different expression patterns among major tissues and at different developmental stages of the tomato growth cycle. We characterized several Sl2ODDs and their expression patterns involved in various metabolic pathways, such as gibberellin biosynthesis and catabolism, ethylene biosynthesis, steroidal glycoalkaloid biosynthesis, and flavonoid metabolism. We found that the Sl2ODD expression patterns were consistent with their functions during the tomato growth cycle. These results indicated the significance of Sl2ODDs in tomato growth and metabolism. Based on this genome-wide analysis of Sl2ODDs, we screened six potential FNSI genes using a phylogenetic tree and coexpression analysis. However, none of them exhibited FNSI activity. CONCLUSIONS Our study provided a comprehensive understanding of the tomato 2ODD family and demonstrated the significant roles of these family members in plant metabolism. We also suggest that no FNSI genes in tomato contribute to the biosynthesis of flavones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wei
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Rao Fu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, China
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9
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Moreno-Escamilla J, Jimeńez-Hernández FE, Alvarez-Parrilla E, de la Rosa LA, Martínez-Ruiz NDR, González-Fernández R, Orozco-Lucero E, González-Aguilar GA, García-Fajardo JA, Rodrigo-García J. Effect of Elicitation on Polyphenol and Carotenoid Metabolism in Butterhead Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa var. capitata). ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:11535-11546. [PMID: 32478243 PMCID: PMC7254786 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of elicitation in butterhead lettuce on carotenoid and polyphenol metabolism was evaluated. Different concentrations of arachidonic acid (AA), salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MJ) (15, 45, and 90 μM) and Harpin protein (HP) (30, 60, and 120 mg/L) were applied on red and green butterhead lettuces. Total phenolic and flavonoid content were incremented by MJ (90 μM) in green and red lettuce. Carotenoids were increased in red lettuce (AA; 45 μM). Green lettuce modifies their phenolic acid profile after elicitation with AA and MJ; meanwhile, red lettuce incremented mainly in hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols, MJ being the elicitor with the highest effect. There was an impact on secondary metabolite enzyme gene transcript concentration. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and lycopene beta cyclase (LBC) increased in both varieties after elicitation. A relationship between phytochemical increase and the activation of the metabolic pathways after elicitation in butterhead lettuce was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus
Omar Moreno-Escamilla
- Departamento
de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo
s/n, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, México
| | - Fátima Estefanía Jimeńez-Hernández
- Departamento
de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo
s/n, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, México
| | - Emilio Alvarez-Parrilla
- Departamento
de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo
s/n, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, México
| | - Laura A. de la Rosa
- Departamento
de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo
s/n, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, México
| | - Nina del Rocío Martínez-Ruiz
- Departamento
de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo
s/n, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, México
| | - Raquel González-Fernández
- Departamento
de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo
s/n, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, México
| | - Ernesto Orozco-Lucero
- Departamento
de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto
de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad
Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, México
| | - Gustavo A. González-Aguilar
- Coordinación
de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación
y Desarrollo, Carretera a la Victoria Km 0.6, Hermosillo, Sonora 8300, México
| | - Jorge A. García-Fajardo
- Centro
de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y
Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C. Vía de la Innovación 404, Autopista
Mty-Aeropuerto Km 10, Parque PIIT, Apodaca, Nuevo León 66629, México
| | - Joaquín Rodrigo-García
- Departamento
de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias
Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo
s/n, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, 32310, México
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10
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Riga P, Benedicto L, Gil-Izquierdo Á, Collado-González J, Ferreres F, Medina S. Diffuse light affects the contents of vitamin C, phenolic compounds and free amino acids in lettuce plants. Food Chem 2019; 272:227-234. [PMID: 30309537 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Enhancement of the diffuse solar radiation to which lettuce plants were exposed clearly affected the vitamin C content and the quantitative and qualitative patterns of phenolic compounds and free amino acids (AA) in the leaves. Although the enhanced level of diffuse light was detrimental to the contents of vitamin C and total phenolic compounds, lowering them by 10-46% and 8-11%, respectively, the content of di-caffeoyltartaric acid increased from 0.26 ± 0.19 to 0.52 ± 0.10 μmol 100 g-1 f.w. for plants harvested in summer. The effect of diffuse light on AA depended on the total amount of global radiation incident on the plants. Considering the lowest amount of global radiation, the enhanced diffuse light increased the AA content from 766 ± 89 to 849 ± 90 μmol 100 g-1 f.w. By contrast, under the highest level of global radiation, diffuse light decreased the amount of AA from 990 ± 16 to 830 ± 76 μmol 100 g-1 f.w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Riga
- Department of Plant Production, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Basque Institute of Agricultural Research and Development, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia P. 812, E-48160 Derio, Spain.
| | - Leyre Benedicto
- Department of Plant Production, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Basque Institute of Agricultural Research and Development, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia P. 812, E-48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Ángel Gil-Izquierdo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, E-30100 Espinardo, Spain.
| | | | - Federico Ferreres
- Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, E-30100 Espinardo, Spain
| | - Sonia Medina
- Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, E-30100 Espinardo, Spain
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11
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Determination of Variance of Secondary Metabolites in Lettuces Grown Under Different Light Sources by Flow Injection Mass Spectrometric (FIMS) Fingerprinting and ANOVA–PCA. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-018-0072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Viacava GE, Roura SI, López-Márquez DM, Berrueta LA, Gallo B, Alonso-Salces RM. Polyphenolic profile of butterhead lettuce cultivar by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled online to UV-visible spectrophotometry and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2018; 260:239-273. [PMID: 29699668 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.03.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the butterhead lettuce cultivar was analyzed by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled online to diode array detection (DAD), electrospray ionization (ESI) and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QToF/MS) in the positive and negative ion mode in order to characterize its polyphenolic profile for the first time. The instrument acquisition mode MSE was used to collect automatic and simultaneous information of exact mass at high and low collision energies of precursor ions as well as other ions produced as a result of their fragmentation. One hundred eleven phenolic compounds were identified in the acidified hydromethanolic extract of freeze-dried leaves of butterhead lettuce cultivar: 40 hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, 21 hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives, 2 hydroxyphenylacetic acid derivatives, 18 flavonols, 9 flavones, one flavanone, 7 coumarins, one hydrolysable tannin and 12 lignans. Forty-seven of these compounds have been tentatively identified for the first time in lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela E Viacava
- Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería en Alimentos, CONICET, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y en Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Juan B. Justo 4302, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Sara I Roura
- Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería en Alimentos, CONICET, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y en Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Juan B. Justo 4302, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Diana M López-Márquez
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Luis A Berrueta
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Blanca Gallo
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Alonso-Salces
- Departamento de Biología, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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13
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Cittan M, Çelik A. Development and Validation of an Analytical Methodology Based on Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Simultaneous Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Olive Leaf Extract. J Chromatogr Sci 2018; 56:336-343. [PMID: 29373655 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmy003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
A simple method was validated for the analysis of 31 phenolic compounds using liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of phenolic compounds in an olive leaf extract and 24 compounds were analyzed quantitatively. Olive biophenols were extracted from olive leaves by using microwave-assisted extraction with acceptable recovery values between 78.1 and 108.7%. Good linearities were obtained with correlation coefficients over 0.9916 from calibration curves of the phenolic compounds. The limits of quantifications were from 0.14 to 3.2 μg g-1. Intra-day and inter-day precision studies indicated that the proposed method was repeatable. As a result, it was confirmed that the proposed method was highly reliable for determination of the phenolic species in olive leaf extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Cittan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Şehit Prof. Dr. İlhan Varank Campus, Manisa Celal Bayar University, 45140 Yunusemre, Manisa, Turkey.,Applied Science Research Center, Şehit Prof. Dr. İlhan Varank Campus, Manisa Celal Bayar University, 45140 Yunusemre, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Ali Çelik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Sehit Prof. Dr. Ilhan Varank Campus, Manisa Celal Bayar University, 45140 Yunusemre, Manisa, Turkey
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14
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Qin XX, Zhang MY, Han YY, Hao JH, Liu CJ, Fan SX. Beneficial Phytochemicals with Anti-Tumor Potential Revealed through Metabolic Profiling of New Red Pigmented Lettuces (Lactuca sativa L.). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1165. [PMID: 29641499 PMCID: PMC5979491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to compare polyphenols among red lettuce cultivars and identify suitable cultivars for the development and utilization of healthy vegetables. Polyphenols, mineral elements, and antioxidant activity were analyzed in the leaves of six red pigmented lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivars; thereafter, we assessed the anti-tumor effects of cultivar B-2, which displayed the highest antioxidant activity. Quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry analysis revealed four classes of polyphenols in these cultivars. The composition and contents of these metabolites varied significantly among cultivars and primarily depended on leaf color. The B-2 cultivar had the highest antioxidant potential than others because it contained the highest levels of polyphenols, especially anthocyanin, flavone, and phenolic acid; furthermore, this cultivar displayed anti-tumor effects against the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549, human hepatoma cell line Bel7402, human cancer colorectal adenoma cell line HCT-8, and HT-29 human colon cancer cell line. Hence, the new red-leaf lettuce cultivar B-2 has a distinct metabolite profile, with high potential for development and utilization of natural phytochemical and mineral resources in lettuces and can be used as a nutrient-dense food product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry Fruit Trees, Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102202, China.
- Beijing Bei Nong Enterprise Management Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Ming-Yue Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry Fruit Trees, Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102202, China.
| | - Ying-Yan Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry Fruit Trees, Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102202, China.
| | - Jing-Hong Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry Fruit Trees, Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102202, China.
| | - Chao-Jie Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry Fruit Trees, Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102202, China.
| | - Shuang-Xi Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry Fruit Trees, Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102202, China.
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15
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Viacava GE, Roura SI, Berrueta LA, Iriondo C, Gallo B, Alonso-Salces RM. Characterization of phenolic compounds in green and red oak-leaf lettuce cultivars by UHPLC-DAD-ESI-QToF/MS using MS E scan mode. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2017; 52:873-902. [PMID: 28833875 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is one of the most popular leafy vegetables in the world and constitutes a major dietary source of phenolic compounds with health-promoting properties. In particular, the demand for green and red oak-leaf lettuces has considerably increased in the last years but few data on their polyphenol composition are available. Moreover, the usage of analytical edge technology can provide new structural information and allow the identification of unknown polyphenols. In the present study, the phenolic profiles of green and red oak-leaf lettuce cultivars were exhaustively characterized by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled online to diode array detection (DAD), electrospray ionization (ESI), and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QToF/MS), using the MSE instrument acquisition mode for recording simultaneously exact masses of precursor and fragment ions. One hundred fifteen phenolic compounds were identified in the acidified hydromethanolic extract of freeze-dried lettuce leaves. Forty-eight of these compounds were tentatively identified for the first time in lettuce, and only 20 of them have been previously reported in oak-leaf lettuce cultivars in literature. Both oak-leaf lettuce cultivars presented similar phenolic composition, except for apigenin-glucuronide and dihydroxybenzoic acid, only detected in the green cultivar; and for luteolin-hydroxymalonylhexoside, an apigenin conjugate with molecular formula C40 H54 O19 (monoisotopic MW = 838.3259 u), cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-(3″-O-malonyl)glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-(6″-O-malonyl)glucoside, and cyanidin-3-O-(6″-O-acetyl)glucoside, only found in the red cultivar. The UHPLC-DAD-ESI-QToF/MSE approach demonstrated to be a useful tool for the characterization of phenolic compounds in complex plant matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela E Viacava
- Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería en Alimentos, CONICET, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y en Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Juan B. Justo 4302, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Sara I Roura
- Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería en Alimentos, CONICET, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y en Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Juan B. Justo 4302, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Luis A Berrueta
- Grupo de Investigación de Química Analítica de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Carmen Iriondo
- Grupo de Investigación de Química Analítica de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Blanca Gallo
- Grupo de Investigación de Química Analítica de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Rosa M Alonso-Salces
- Departamento de Biología, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
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16
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Qadir O, Siervo M, Seal CJ, Brandt K. Manipulation of Contents of Nitrate, Phenolic Acids, Chlorophylls, and Carotenoids in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) via Contrasting Responses to Nitrogen Fertilizer When Grown in a Controlled Environment. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:10003-10010. [PMID: 29059519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to use different nitrogen fertilizer regimes to produce Butterhead lettuce with such large differences in nitrate content that they could be used as treatment and placebo to study the effect of inorganic nitrate on human health. Plants were grown under controlled conditions at 27/23 °C day/night with a relatively low photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) of 150 μmol m-2 s-1 for 14 h day-1 and nitrogen supplies ranging from 26 to 154 ppm of N as ammonium nitrate in the fertigation solution. This resulted in contrasting high (∼1078 mg nitrate 100 g-1 FW) or low (∼6 mg 100 g-1) nitrate contents in the leaves. Contents of carotenoids and chlorophylls in fresh weight did not differ significantly between the highest and the lowest N-supply levels. However, increased nitrogen supply reduced contents of phenolic compounds from 154 to 22 mg 100 g-1 FW, dry matter content from 8.9% to 4.6%, and fresh weight per plant from 108.52 to 47.57 g/plant FW (all P < 0.001). Thus, while fertilizer treatments can provide lettuce with substantially different nitrate contents, maintaining similar pigment contents (color), they also strongly influence the contents of phenolic acids and flavones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othman Qadir
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sulaimani , Sulaymaniah 46001, Iraqi Kurdistan Region
| | - Mario Siervo
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Chris J Seal
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsten Brandt
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
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17
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Di Stefano V, Avellone G, Bongiorno D, Indelicato S, Massenti R, Lo Bianco R. Quantitative evaluation of the phenolic profile in fruits of six avocado (Persea americana) cultivars by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-heated electrospray-mass spectrometry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1208225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Koyama M, Ogasawara Y, Endou K, Akano H, Nakajima T, Aoyama T, Nakamura K. Fermentation-induced changes in the concentrations of organic acids, amino acids, sugars, and minerals and superoxide dismutase-like activity in tomato vinegar. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1188309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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