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Cagnoli G, Di Paolo A, Bertelloni F, Salvucci S, Buccioni A, Marzoni Fecia di Cossato M, Ebani VV. Occurrence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Enterococcus spp. in Healthy Chickens Never Exposed to Antimicrobial Agents in Central Italy. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:417. [PMID: 38786145 PMCID: PMC11117291 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterococci are part of the natural flora of the gastrointestinal tract of mammals, including humans, birds and invertebrates. They can cause infection, mainly among hospitalized patients, as well as acquire and transfer antimicrobial resistance genes. The present study allowed the isolation of 98 Enterococcus (73.47% E. faecium, 23.47% E. faecalis, 3.06% E. avium) strains from 120-day-old healthy chickens that had never been treated with antimicrobials. Their antimicrobial resistance was evaluated by the agar disk diffusion method; high-level aminoglycoside (streptomycin and gentamicin) and vancomycin resistance were established using the microbroth dilution method. The highest percentages of resistant isolates were detected with quinupristin-dalfopristin (88.78%), rifampicin (64.29%), tetracyclines (45.92%), and enrofloxacin (41.84%). High percentages of susceptible strains were found with teicoplanin (100%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (97.96%), nitrofurantoin (94.90%), ampicillin (92.86%), chloramphenicol (90.82%), and linezolid (88.78%). About 60% of the strains were classified as MDR (multidrug-resistant). Moreover, PCR was carried out to investigate genes encoding for tetracyclines resistance determinants: tet(M), tet(L), tet(O), tet(K), and Int-Tn. Genes were detected in 68 (69.38%) strains: 36 were shown to be resistant with the agar disk diffusion method, while 28 were intermediate, and 2 were susceptible. The present study showed that chickens never treated with antimicrobials potentially harbor enterococci having phenotypic and genotypic characters of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cagnoli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (G.C.); (A.D.P.); (F.B.); (S.S.); (M.M.F.d.C.)
| | - Alessia Di Paolo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (G.C.); (A.D.P.); (F.B.); (S.S.); (M.M.F.d.C.)
| | - Fabrizio Bertelloni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (G.C.); (A.D.P.); (F.B.); (S.S.); (M.M.F.d.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sonia Salvucci
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (G.C.); (A.D.P.); (F.B.); (S.S.); (M.M.F.d.C.)
| | - Arianna Buccioni
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Piazzale Delle Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy;
| | - Margherita Marzoni Fecia di Cossato
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (G.C.); (A.D.P.); (F.B.); (S.S.); (M.M.F.d.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Virginia Ebani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (G.C.); (A.D.P.); (F.B.); (S.S.); (M.M.F.d.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Thomsen J, Abdulrazzak NM, AlRand H, Menezes GA, Moubareck CA, Everett DB, Senok A, Podbielski A. Epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in the United Arab Emirates: a retrospective analysis of 12 years of national AMR surveillance data. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1275778. [PMID: 38089023 PMCID: PMC10715431 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1275778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Enterococci are usually low pathogenic, but can cause invasive disease under certain circumstances, including urinary tract infections, bacteremia, endocarditis, and meningitis, and are associated with peritonitis and intra-abdominal abscesses. Increasing resistance of enterococci to glycopeptides and fluoroquinolones, and high-level resistance to aminoglycosides is a concern. National antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance data for enterococci from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and the Gulf region is scarce. Methods A retrospective 12-year analysis of N = 37,909 non-duplicate diagnostic Enterococcus spp. isolates from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) was conducted. Data was generated by routine patient care during 2010-2021, collected by trained personnel and reported by participating surveillance sites to the UAE National AMR Surveillance program. Data analysis was conducted with WHONET. Results Enterococcus faecalis was the most commonly reported species (81.5%), followed by Enterococcus faecium (8.5%), and other enterococci species (4.8%). Phenotypically vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) were found in 1.8% of Enterococcus spp. isolates. Prevalence of VRE (%VRE) was highest for E. faecium (8.1%), followed by E. faecalis (0.9%). A significant level of resistance to glycopeptides (%VRE) for these two species has been observed in the majority of observed years [E. faecalis (0-2.2%), 2010: 0%, 2021: 0.6%] and E. faecium (0-14.2%, 2010: 0%, 2021: 5.8%). Resistance to fluoroquinolones was between 17 and 29% (E. faecalis) and was higher for E. faecium (between 42 and 83%). VRE were associated with higher patient mortality (RR: 2.97), admission to intensive care units (RR: 2.25), and increased length of stay (six excess inpatient days per VRE case), as compared to vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus spp. Discussion Published data on Enterococcus infections, in particular VRE-infections, in the UAE and MENA region is scarce. Our data demonstrates that VRE-enterococci are relatively rare in the UAE, however showing an increasing resistance trend for several clinically important antibiotic classes, causing a concern for the treatment of serious infections caused by enterococci. This study also demonstrates that VRE were associated with higher mortality, increased intensive care unit admission rates, and longer hospitalization, thus poorer clinical outcome and higher associated costs in the UAE. We recommend the expansion of current surveillance techniques (e.g., local VRE screening), stricter infection prevention and control strategies, and better stewardship interventions. Further studies on the molecular epidemiology of enterococci are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Thomsen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Abu Dhabi Public Health Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Najiba M. Abdulrazzak
- Al Kuwait Hospital Dubai, Emirates Health Services Establishment (EHS), Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hussain AlRand
- Public Health Sector, Ministry of Health and Prevention, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Godfred Antony Menezes
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Ras Al Khaimah (RAK) Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Carole A. Moubareck
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dean B. Everett
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Research Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Infection Research Unit, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abiola Senok
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Podbielski
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine, Rostock, Germany
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Cunha S, Miranda C, Martins Â, Soares R, Maia M, Silva F, Igrejas G, Poeta P. Analysis of Antibiotic-Resistant and Virulence Genes of Enterococcus Detected in Calf Colostrum-One Health Perspective. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1900. [PMID: 37370411 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococci are considered among the most prevalent global multidrug-resistant microorganisms globally. Their dissemination is a global concern, particularly by food-producing animals for both animals and humans. The aim of this study was to identify the species and investigate the antibiotic resistance and virulence profile of Enterococcus in bovine colostrum. Out of 88 presumptive Enterococcus isolates, species identification and susceptibility to 14 antimicrobials were tested using the disk diffusion method. An analysis of the antibiotic resistance and virulence genes was performed on the most prevalent species, using specific PCR assays. Enterococcus faecalis (54.5%), E. faecium (14.8%) and E. gallinarum (6.8%) were the identified species. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of E. gallinarum in bovine colostrum. The majority of the isolates showed resistance to quinupristin-dalfopristin (95.9%), erythromycin (80.7%), tetracycline (80.7%) and streptomycin (58%). Ninety-two percent of isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant. The most frequently detected resistance genes were tet(K) (61.1%), tet(M) (75.9%), tet(L) (90.7%), erm(B) (55.6%) and ant(6)-Ia (46.3%). The most prevalent virulence factors were cpd, esp, agg and cylLL. Enterococcus faecium showed a higher probability of carrying the erm(C), tet(M), ace and gel(E) genes (p < 0.05). These results demonstrated that colostrum can constitute an important reservoir and vehicle for the dissemination of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes to the three niches included in a One Health perspective (humans, animals and the environment), highlighting the importance of hygiene sanitary measures to mitigate colostrum microbial contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cunha
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carla Miranda
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal
- Toxicology Research Unit (TOXRUN), University Institute of Health Sciences, Advanced Polytechnic and University Cooperative (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Ângela Martins
- Department of Zootechnics, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rúben Soares
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Manuel Maia
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Filipe Silva
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Ribeiro J, Silva V, Monteiro A, Vieira-Pinto M, Igrejas G, Reis FS, Barros L, Poeta P. Antibiotic Resistance among Gastrointestinal Bacteria in Broilers: A Review Focused on Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1362. [PMID: 37106925 PMCID: PMC10135345 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chickens can acquire bacteria at different stages, and bacterial diversity can occur due to production practices, diet, and environment. The changes in consumer trends have led to increased animal production, and chicken meat is one of the most consumed meats. To ensure high levels of production, antimicrobials have been used in livestock for therapeutic purposes, disease prevention, and growth promotion, contributing to the development of antimicrobial resistance across the resident microbiota. Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli are normal inhabitants of the gastrointestinal microbiota of chickens that can develop strains capable of causing a wide range of diseases, i.e., opportunistic pathogens. Enterococcus spp. isolated from broilers have shown resistance to at least seven classes of antibiotics, while E. coli have shown resistance to at least four. Furthermore, some clonal lineages, such as ST16, ST194, and ST195 in Enterococcus spp. and ST117 in E. coli, have been identified in humans and animals. These data suggest that consuming contaminated animal-source food, direct contact with animals, or environmental exposure can lead to the transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Therefore, this review focused on Enterococcus spp. and E. coli from the broiler industry to better understand how antibiotic-resistant strains have emerged, which antibiotic-resistant genes are most common, what clonal lineages are shared between broilers and humans, and their impact through a One Health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ribeiro
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Silva
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Andreia Monteiro
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Madalena Vieira-Pinto
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Filipa S. Reis
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Koreneková J, Krahulcová M, Cverenkárová K, Červenčík K, Bírošová L. Occurrence of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in Flours and Different Plant Powders Used in Cuisine. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223582. [PMID: 36429175 PMCID: PMC9689793 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, several alimentary diseases have been connected with the consumption or tasting of raw flour and dough. Microbiological quality concern is also raising due to increased consumer demand for plant powders, while some of them can be consumed without prior thermal processing. In this study, we have focused on the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant coliform bacteria and enterococci in flour, plant powder and dough from Slovak retail. Our results indicated the presence of both total and antibiotic-resistant coliform bacteria and enterococci in the flour and powder samples. Lower numbers of the total, as well as resistant bacteria, were detected in flours compared to plant powders. Coliform bacteria isolates were predominantly identified as Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. Ampicillin resistance appeared in 97% of isolates followed by chloramphenicol resistance (22%) and tetracycline resistance (17%). The presence of the blaSHV gene was confirmed in 13% of isolates. The tetA and tetE genes were present in 25% of isolates of coliform bacteria. The presence of enterococci was detected only in plant powders. Antibiotic-resistant strains were identified as the following: Enterococcus casseliflavus, E. gallinarium and E. faecium. Despite the isolates showing resistance to vancomycin, the presence of the vanA gene was not detected. The majority of antibiotic-resistant isolates belonged to the group of medium biofilm producers. None of these isolates showed efflux pump overproduction. Antibiotic-resistant coliform bacteria and enterococci were not detected in the processed doughs.
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Meta-analysis of the global prevalence of Enterococcus spp. in foods: Antibiotic resistance profile of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and diversity of Enterococcus spp. and antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates in different foods worldwide.
Method and Result: This study used meta-analytical methods. Besides, Web of Science (n= 705), Medline (n= 6), and Scopus (n= 1.338) were searched for studies in the years 1995-2021 using related keywords. Results showed that the pooled prevalence for Enterococcus spp. and antibiotic-resistant of E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates were found 0.41 (95% C.I. 0.34-0.47), 0.25 (95% C.I. 0.13-0.38), respectively. According to the results of the subgroup analysis, the lowest and highest prevalence of Enterococcus spp. in food types were calculated for red meat (0.56), and fermented foods (0.29). Also, as a result of subgroup analyses by country the highest prevalence of Enterococcus spp. was calculated in studies conducted in Slovakia (0.74). In contrast, the lowest prevalence was calculated in studies conducted in Georgia (0.07).
Conclusion: The meta-analyses improved our understanding of the prevalence of Enterococcus spp. and the antibiotic resistance of E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates in different foods and provided results that can be useful as input for quantitative microbiological risk evaluation modeling.
Significance and Impact of Study: We demonstrated the antibiotic resistance of E. faecalis and E. faecium in foods and gaps that could be addressed in the future. Therefore, it is believed that the results compiled herein will contribute to the epidemiological surveillance of the presence and antibiotic resistance of E. faecalis and E. faecium in foods.
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Grispoldi L, Karama M, El-Ashram S, Saraiva C, García-Díez J, Chalias A, Cenci-Goga BT. Evolution and antimicrobial resistance of enterococci isolated from Pecorino and goat cheese manufactured on-farm in an area facing constraints as per EU Regulation 1305/2013 in Umbria, Italy. Ital J Food Saf 2022; 11:10070. [PMID: 35832036 PMCID: PMC9272083 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2022.10070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The latest EU regulation on geographical indications (EU Regulation No. 1151/2012) has introduced a set of new tools for the protection and enhancement of food products in rural areas, under the group name of optional quality term (OQT). The Commission Delegated EU Regulation, No. 665/2014, regulated the conditions for the use of the optional quality term mountain product (MP), to support the implementation of a mountain value chain. This new tool is aimed at promoting local development, maintaining the economic activities in mountain areas, and redistributing wealth, whilst, at the same time, promoting the territory. Pecorino and goat cheeses are typical Italian cheeses made usually with whole raw ewe’s or raw goat’s milk, without starter culture addition. In an attempt to characterize these productions, the aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of enterococci during the production and ripening of Pecorino cheese made in three different farms, located in Umbria, Italy in areas facing natural or other specific constraints as stipulated by Regulation 1305/2013 on support for rural development by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD). Enterococci are enteric organisms which are commonly isolated from ewe and goat’s milk production in Umbria, Italy. Counts of enterococci in raw milk ranged from 1.75 for ovine milk to 3.62 for ewe milk and a marked reduction was observed after thermization especially in ovine milk. Out of 100 isolates, 69 were E. faecium, 23 E. durans, 8 E. faecalis and 2 E. casseliflavus and the distribution of species between farms and between samples showed a prevalence of E. faecium in ovine farms and E. durans in ewes farms, with an equal dis-tribution between samples. High percentages of susceptible isolates were found for amoxicil-lin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, sulphamethoxazole, sulphamethoxazole/ trimethoprim, ticarcillin, vancomycin. A high prevalence of resistant strains (>30%) was ob-served for amikacin, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, kanamycin, tetracycline. A comparison of this re-sults with those of previous works on similar dairy products revealed high levels of resistance to antimicrobials which needs to be addressed.
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Identification of bacterial communities of fermented cereal beverage Boza by metagenomic analysis. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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Dadashi M, Sharifian P, Bostanshirin N, Hajikhani B, Bostanghadiri N, Khosravi-Dehaghi N, van Belkum A, Darban-Sarokhalil D. The Global Prevalence of Daptomycin, Tigecycline, and Linezolid-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Strains From Human Clinical Samples: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:720647. [PMID: 34568377 PMCID: PMC8460910 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.720647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: The predominant species of the Enterococcus, Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) cause great variety of infections. Therefore, the expansion of antimicrobial resistance in the Enterococcus is one of the most important global concerns. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of resistance to linezolid, tigecycline, and daptomycin among enterococcal strains isolated from human clinical specimens worldwide. Methods: Several databases including Web of Science, EMBASE, and Medline (via PubMed), were carefully searched and reviewed for original research articles available in databases and published between 2000 and 2020. A total of 114 studies worldwide that address E. faecalis and E. faecium resistance to linezolid, tigecycline, and daptomycin were analyzed by STATA software. Results: The overall prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. faecalis and E. faecium was reported to be 0.9 and 0.6%, respectively. E. faecalis and E. faecium were more resistant to the linezolid (2.2%) and daptomycin (9%), respectively. The prevalence of tigecyline-resistant E. facium (1%) strains was higher than E. faecalis strains (0.3%). Accordingly, the prevalence of linezolid-resistant E. faecalis was higher in Asia (2.8%), while linezolid-resistant E. faecium was higher in the America (3.4%). Regarding tigecycline-resistance, a higher prevalence of E. faecalis (0.4%) and E. faecium (3.9%) was reported in Europe. Conclusion: In conclusion, this meta-analysis shows that there is an emerging resistance in Enterococcus strains. Despite the rising resistance of enterococci to antibiotics, our results demonstrate that tigecycline, daptomycin, and linezolid can still be used for the treatment of enterococcal infections worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Dadashi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Parastoo Sharifian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nazila Bostanshirin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Bahareh Hajikhani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narjess Bostanghadiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Khosravi-Dehaghi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Evidence-Based Phytotherapy and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Alex van Belkum
- Data Analytics Unit, bioMérieux, La Balme-les-Grottes, France
| | - Davood Darban-Sarokhalil
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Výrostková J, Regecová I, Dudriková E, Marcinčák S, Vargová M, Kováčová M, Maľová J. Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterococcus sp. Isolated from Sheep and Goat Cheeses. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081844. [PMID: 34441623 PMCID: PMC8391679 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to calculate the proportion of antibiotic resistance profiles of Enterococcus faecium, E. faecalis, and E. durans isolated from traditional sheep and goat cheeses obtained from a selected border area of Slovakia with Hungary (region Slanské vrchy). A total of 110 Enterococcus sp. were isolated from cheese samples, of which 52 strains (E. faecium (12), E. faecalis (28), E. durans (12)) were represented. After isolation and identification by polymerase chain reaction and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, the enterococci (E. faecium, E. faecalis, and E. durans) were submitted to susceptibility tests against nine antimicrobial agents. In general, strains of E. faecalis were more resistant than E. durans and E. faecium. A high percentage of resistance was noted in E. faecalis to rifampicin (100%), vancomycin (85.7%), teicoplanin (71.4%), erythromycin (71.4%), minocycline (57.1%), nitrofurantoin (57.1%), ciprofloxacin (14.3%), and levofloxacin (14.3%). E. durans showed resistance to rifampicin (100%), teicoplanin (100%), vancomycin (66.7%), erythromycin (66.7%), nitrofurantoin (66.7%), and minocycline (33.3%), and E. faecium showed resistance to vancomycin, teicoplanin, and erythromycin (100%). Multidrug-resistant strains were confirmed in 80% of the 52 strains in this study. Continuous identification of Enterococcus sp. and monitoring of their incidence and emerging antibiotic resistance is important in order to prevent a potential risk to public health caused by the contamination of milk and other dairy products, such as cheeses, made on farm level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Výrostková
- Department of Food Hygiene Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (J.V.); (E.D.); (S.M.); (M.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Ivana Regecová
- Department of Food Hygiene Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (J.V.); (E.D.); (S.M.); (M.K.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-907-185-658
| | - Eva Dudriková
- Department of Food Hygiene Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (J.V.); (E.D.); (S.M.); (M.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Slavomír Marcinčák
- Department of Food Hygiene Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (J.V.); (E.D.); (S.M.); (M.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Mária Vargová
- Department of Public Veterinary Medicine and Animal Welfare, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Mariana Kováčová
- Department of Food Hygiene Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (J.V.); (E.D.); (S.M.); (M.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Jana Maľová
- Department of Food Hygiene Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (J.V.); (E.D.); (S.M.); (M.K.); (J.M.)
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11
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Oruc O, Ceti̇n O, Onal Darilmaz D, Yüsekdag ZN. Determination of the biosafety of potential probiotic Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from traditional white cheeses. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Lawpidet P, Tengjaroenkul B, Saksangawong C, Sukon P. Global Prevalence of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Food of Animal Origin: A Meta-Analysis. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2021; 18:405-412. [PMID: 33684315 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are a leading cause of nosocomial infections in patients worldwide. VRE contamination in food of animal origin may create a risk for human health. This study was conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of VRE in food of animal origin worldwide, to assess the result heterogeneity, and to determine cumulative evidence and the trend of the prevalence over time. Relevant studies were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled prevalence of VRE in food of animal origin. Subgroup meta-analysis was used to assess the heterogeneity of the results. A cumulative meta-analysis and meta-regression were conducted to determine cumulative evidence and the trend of the prevalence of VRE in food of animal origin over time, respectively. Of the 1352 retrieved studies, 50 articles were included. The pooled prevalence of VRE in food of animal origin was 11.7% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 8.4 to 16.0). Subgroup meta-analyses showed a significant difference in the prevalence of VRE for two characteristics. First, for the source of food, the prevalence of VRE was highest in aquatic food (43.4% [95% CI = 28.4 to 59.7]) and lowest in dairy food (4.1% [95% CI = 1.7 to 9.8]). Second, for continents, the prevalence of VRE was highest in Africa (18.5% [95% CI = 12.8 to 26.1]) and lowest in North America (0.3% [95% CI = 0.1 to 1.1]). Cumulative evidence showed two distinct features in two different periods. The pooled prevalence of VRE rapidly decreased from 79.3% in 1998 to 13.1% in 2003; it has slightly fluctuated between 10.5% and 20.5% since 2004. The results of the meta-regression indicated that the prevalence gradually decreased over time. In conclusion, the estimate of overall VRE prevalence worldwide in food of animal origin was ∼12%, indicating the burden of VRE contamination in food of animal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bundit Tengjaroenkul
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Research and Development on Toxic Substances, Microorganisms and Feed Additives in Livestock and Aquatic Animals for Food Safety, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Peerapol Sukon
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Research and Development on Toxic Substances, Microorganisms and Feed Additives in Livestock and Aquatic Animals for Food Safety, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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13
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Margalho LP, van Schalkwijk S, Bachmann H, Sant’Ana AS. Enterococcus spp. in Brazilian artisanal cheeses: Occurrence and assessment of phenotypic and safety properties of a large set of strains through the use of high throughput tools combined with multivariate statistics. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Kayili E, Sanlibaba P. Prevalence, characterization and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from traditional cheeses in Turkey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2020.1814323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emine Kayili
- Ankara University, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pınar Sanlibaba
- Ankara University, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara, Turkey
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15
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A critical review of antibiotic resistance in probiotic bacteria. Food Res Int 2020; 136:109571. [PMID: 32846610 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit upon the host. At present, probiotics are gaining popularity worldwide and are widely used in food and medicine. Consumption of probiotics is increasing with further in-depth research on the relationship between intestinal flora and host health. Most people pay more attention to the function of probiotics but ignore their potential risks, such as infection and antibiotic resistance transfer to pathogenic microbes. Physiological functions, effects and mechanisms of action of probiotics were covered in this review, as well as the antibiotic resistance phenotypes, mechanisms and genes found in probiotics. Typical cases of antibiotic resistance of probiotics were also highlighted, as well as the potential risks (including pathogenicity, infectivity and excessive immune response) and corresponding strategies (dosage, formulation, and administration route). This timely study provides an avenue for further research, development and application of probiotics.
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16
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Özdemir R, Tuncer Y. Detection of antibiotic resistance profiles and aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme (AME) genes in high-level aminoglycoside-resistant (HLAR) enterococci isolated from raw milk and traditional cheeses in Turkey. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:1703-1712. [PMID: 31989429 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05262-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was isolation and identification of the high-level aminoglycoside-resistant (HLAR) enterococci in raw milk and dairy products and to analyze their antibiotic resistance and the presence of aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme (AME) genes. A total of 59 HLAR enterococci were isolated from raw milk and traditional cheese samples. Thirty-nine of the 59 HLAR enterococci were isolated on streptomycin-containing agar medium, while the other 20 HLAR strains were isolated on gentamicin containing agar medium. The 59 HLAR enterococci were identified as 26 E. faecalis (44.07%), 18 E. faecium (30.51%), 13 E. durans (22.03%), and two E. gallinarum (3.39%) by species-specific PCR. Disk diffusion tests showed that teicoplanin were the most effective antibiotics used in this study, while 89.83% of isolates were found to be resistant to tetracycline. High rates of multiple antibiotic resistance were detected in HLAR isolates. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of HLAR enterococci against streptomycin and gentamicin were found in the range of 64 to > 4096 µg/mL. Forty-seven (79.66%) of the 59 HLAR enterococci were found to be both high-level streptomycin-resistant (HLSR) and high-level gentamicin-resistant (HLGR) by MIC tests. However, no correlation was found between the results of the disk diffusion and MIC tests for gentamicin and streptomycin in some HLAR strains. The aph(3')-IIIa (94.92%) was found to be most prevalent AME gene followed by ant(4')-Ia (45.76%), ant(6')-Ia (20.34%) and aph(2'')-Ic (10.17%). None of the isolates contained the aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, aph(2'')-Ib or aph(2'')-Id genes. None of the AME-encoding genes were identified in E. durans RG20.1, E. faecalis RG22.4, or RG26.1. In conclusion, HLAR enterococci strains isolated in this study may act as reservoirs in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahime Özdemir
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Yasin Tuncer
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
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