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El-Gendy ZA, Abdelazeem S, Abdel Jaleel GA, Ali ME, Mohamed A, Salah A, Raslan MA. Anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic effects of Phoenix dactylifera L. (date palm) seed by controlling cytokines and inhibiting JAK1/STAT3 pathway on CFA-induced arthritis rat and its phytochemical profiling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 329:118138. [PMID: 38565410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Phoenix dactylifera L. (date palm) seed is widely used in Arabian traditional medicine to alleviate several health problems including inflammatory conditions. The herbal tea of date palm seed has been consumed by rheumatoid patients to relief their symptoms. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to investigate the claimed beneficial use of P. dactylifera L. (Sewy variety) seed (PDS) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its mechanism of action as well as to study its phytoconstituents. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties of the non-polar and the polar extracts of PDS were studied using Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis rat model. Paw edema, body weight, total nitrate/nitrite NOX content and cytokine markers were evaluated to monitor the progress of arthritis. Also, histological examination and thermal analysis were conducted. The phytoconstituent profiles of non-polar and polar extracts of PDS were investigated using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). The multiple reactions monitoring mode (MRM) of liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) was used to quantify phenolic phytoconstituents in both extracts. RESULTS According to the findings, the polar and non-polar PDS extracts kept body weight comparable to those of healthy individuals while considerably lowering paw swelling, edema, and neutrophil infiltration. It also reduced the levels of Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB), Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin 22, Interleukin 23, Interferon (IFN), Interleukin 17, Interleukin 1β, Interleukin 6, Interleukin 36, Janus Kinase 1 (JAK1), and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3). They also reduced the degenerative alterations caused by RA. Thermal research gave additional support for these findings. 83 phytoconstituents were identified in the non-polar PDS extract and 86 phytoconstituents were identified in the polar PDS extract. 74 of the identified phytoconstituents were common in both extracts. 33 phytoconstituents were identified here from P. dactylifera for the first time as far as we know. In MRM-LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis, the major phenolics in both extracts were chlorogenic acid, naringenin, and vanillin. Catechin was only detected in the non-polar PDS extract. On the other hand, apigenin, kaempferol, and hesperetin were only detected in the polar PDS extract. Generally, the polar PDS extract showed higher concentrations of the identified phenolics than the non-polar extract. CONCLUSIONS The PDS extracts especially the non-polar extract showed significant anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties in the CFA-induced arthritis rat model. PDS might be used to produce RA medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab A El-Gendy
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Shimaa Abdelazeem
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
| | - Gehad A Abdel Jaleel
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Merhan E Ali
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa Mohamed
- Department of Computer Science, High Institute for Management Sciences, Belqas, Egypt.
| | - Ahmad Salah
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computing and Information Sciences, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Ibri, Sultanate of Oman; Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and Informatics, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Mona A Raslan
- Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt.
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Hamdi A, Viera-Alcaide I, Costa S, Lino-Neto T, Guillén-Bejarano R, Rodríguez-Arcos R, Jiménez-Araujo A. A Sustainable Approach for the Valorization of Underutilized Date Fruits. Molecules 2023; 28:5807. [PMID: 37570777 PMCID: PMC10420846 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary varieties of date fruits are often discarded because they do not have commercial value. However, their phytochemicals are very similar to those of the primary ones and therefore, they can be valorized as a source of compounds of interest, mainly phenols and dietary fiber. Their chemical composition changes with ripening, so their characterization throughout this process is of great significance. Date fruit samples were harvested at Khalal, Rutab, and Tamer stages, and a mixture of fruits from ornamental date trees was also analyzed. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts were studied for their phenolic composition. In aqueous extracts, phenols decreased with ripening, while in the ethanolic ones having higher phenolic content. Chelidonic acid, a γ-pyrone, was the major compound found in all extracts, but in the ethanolic ones, flavonoids were also present in similar amounts. After purification by adsorption chromatography, all extracts were assayed for their antimicrobial activity. Those from the Tamer stage showed the highest activity, especially against Gram-positive bacteria. The fibrous residues after aqueous and ethanolic extractions were also characterized. Their chemical composition suggested that they can be considered as a good source of prebiotic arabinoxylans and antioxidant fiber, whose antiradical activity correlated with their phenolic content. Date fruits from secondary varieties are promising as a worthwhile starting point for obtaining new value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Hamdi
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO), Building 46, Carretera de Utrera Km1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (A.H.); (I.V.-A.); (R.G.-B.); (R.R.-A.)
- Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering Department, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), University Pablo de Olavide (UPO), CSIC/UPO/Junta de Andalucía, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Isabel Viera-Alcaide
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO), Building 46, Carretera de Utrera Km1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (A.H.); (I.V.-A.); (R.G.-B.); (R.R.-A.)
| | - Susana Costa
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (S.C.); (T.L.-N.)
| | - Teresa Lino-Neto
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (S.C.); (T.L.-N.)
| | - Rafael Guillén-Bejarano
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO), Building 46, Carretera de Utrera Km1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (A.H.); (I.V.-A.); (R.G.-B.); (R.R.-A.)
| | - Rocío Rodríguez-Arcos
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO), Building 46, Carretera de Utrera Km1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (A.H.); (I.V.-A.); (R.G.-B.); (R.R.-A.)
| | - Ana Jiménez-Araujo
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO), Building 46, Carretera de Utrera Km1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (A.H.); (I.V.-A.); (R.G.-B.); (R.R.-A.)
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Shivanandappa TB, Alotaibi G, Chinnadhurai M, Dachani SR, Ahmad MD, Aldaajanii KA. Phoenix dactylifera (Ajwa Dates) Alleviate LPS-Induced Sickness Behaviour in Rats by Attenuating Proinflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress in the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10413. [PMID: 37445591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicine claims that various components of the Phoenix dactylifera (date plant) can be used to treat memory loss, fever, inflammation, loss of consciousness, and nerve disorders. The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Phoenix dactylifera fruit extracts (PDF) against rat sickness behaviour caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by assessing behavioural and biochemical parameters. PDF was prepared by extracting dry fruits of P. dactylifera with a methanol:water (4:1, v/v) mixture. The PDF was evaluated for phenolic and flavonoid content and HPLC analysis of quercetin estimation. Adult Wistar rats were treated with LPS, PDF + LPS and dexamethasone + LPS. Water and food intake, behavioural tests such as locomotor activity, tail suspension and forced swim tests were conducted. Furthermore, alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were estimated in plasma and malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), nitrite, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), were estimated in the brain. PDF ameliorated LPS-induced sickness behaviour by reducing MDA, nitrite, IL-6, and TNF-α levels and improving GSH, behavioural alteration, water and food intake in the treated rats. In the plasma of the treated rats, PDF also decreased the levels of ALT and AST. The outcomes demonstrated the efficacy of PDF in reducing the sickness behaviour caused by LPS in rats. The authors believe that this study will provide the groundwork for future research to better understand the underlying mechanisms of action and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghallab Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi Campus, Al-Dawadmi 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maheswari Chinnadhurai
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi Campus, Al-Dawadmi 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sudharshan Reddy Dachani
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi Campus, Al-Dawadmi 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmad Dabeer Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi Campus, Al-Dawadmi 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Abdullah Aldaajanii
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi Campus, Al-Dawadmi 11961, Saudi Arabia
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Ouedrhiri A, Ennabely M, Lghazi Y, Chafi M, Alougayl S, Youbi B, Halabi AK, Khoukhi M, Bimaghra I. Adsorption of anionic and cationic dyes in aqueous solution by a sustainable and low-cost activated carbon based on argan solid waste treated with H 3PO 4. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-26550-z. [PMID: 36943564 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26550-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work is to study the adsorption capacity of a natural and low-cost material prepared from argan waste treated with H3PO4 towards two dyes of different molecular charges and presenting an acute toxicity, the methyl orange (MO, anionic dye) and the methylene blue (MB, cationic dye). The prepared adsorbent was characterized by SEM, EDX, FTIR, and BET specific surface. These analyses showed the presence of C (42%), O (55%), and P (3%) and a remarkable difference between the morphology of the precursor and that of the obtained material with a specific surface of 475 m2/g and a very porous structure as well as the main functional groups, O-H, C=O, and C-H. The influence of the pH showed a maximum adsorption at pH =2 for MO and at pH = 10 for MB. Investigation of the effect of time on the adsorption of anionic and cationic dyes revealed that the contact time at equilibrium was 240 and 180 min, respectively. The isotherms that best fit the adsorption of MO and MB are the Langmuir model and the Freundlich model respectively. The kinetic study showed that the experimental data are in agreement with the pseudo-second-order model. Regeneration of the saturated material was also studied for the probability of reusing the adsorbent in many experiments. The valorization of argan waste into activated carbon using H3PO4 has allowed to obtain an effective adsorbent for the removal of anionic and cationic dyes and create an added value for environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdessamad Ouedrhiri
- Laboratoire bio-géosciences et ingénierie des matériaux, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 50069 Ghandi, Casablanca, Morocco.
| | - Mohamed Ennabely
- Laboratoire bio-géosciences et ingénierie des matériaux, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 50069 Ghandi, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Youssef Lghazi
- Laboratoire bio-géosciences et ingénierie des matériaux, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 50069 Ghandi, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Chafi
- Laboratory of Engineering, Processes and Environment, Higher School of Technology, University Hassan II, B.P. 8012, Eljadida Road, Km 7, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Said Alougayl
- Laboratoire bio-géosciences et ingénierie des matériaux, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 50069 Ghandi, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Boubaker Youbi
- Laboratoire bio-géosciences et ingénierie des matériaux, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 50069 Ghandi, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abderrafie Kettani Halabi
- Laboratoire bio-géosciences et ingénierie des matériaux, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 50069 Ghandi, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mostafa Khoukhi
- Laboratoire bio-géosciences et ingénierie des matériaux, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 50069 Ghandi, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Itto Bimaghra
- Laboratoire bio-géosciences et ingénierie des matériaux, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 50069 Ghandi, Casablanca, Morocco
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El-Seedi HR, Kotb SM, Musharraf SG, Shehata AA, Guo Z, Alsharif SM, Saeed A, Hamdi OAA, Tahir HE, Alnefaie R, Verpoorte R, Khalifa SAM. Saudi Arabian Plants: A Powerful Weapon against a Plethora of Diseases. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3436. [PMID: 36559548 PMCID: PMC9783889 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The kingdom of Saudi Arabia (SA) ranks fifth in Asia in terms of area. It features broad biodiversity, including interesting flora, and was the historical origin of Islam. It is endowed with a large variety of plants, including many herbs, shrubs, and trees. Many of these plants have a long history of use in traditional medicine. The aim of this review is to evaluate the present knowledge on the plants growing in SA regarding their pharmacological and biological activities and the identification of their bioactive compounds to determine which plants could be of interest for further studies. A systematic summary of the plants' history, distribution, various pharmacological activities, bioactive compounds, and clinical trials are presented in this paper to facilitate future exploration of their therapeutic potential. The literature was obtained from several scientific search engines, including Sci-Finder, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, MDPI, Wiley publications, and Springer Link. Plant names and their synonyms were validated by 'The Plant List' on 1 October 2021. SA is home to approximately 2247 plant species, including native and introduced plants that belong to 142 families and 837 genera. It shares the flora of three continents, with many unique features due to its extreme climate and geographical and geological conditions. As plants remain the leading supplier of new therapeutic agents to treat various ailments, Saudi Arabian plants may play a significant role in the fight against cancer, inflammation, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. To date, 102 active compounds have been identified in plants from different sites in SA. Plants from the western and southwestern regions have been evaluated for various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, anti-glycation, and cytotoxic activities. The aerial parts of the plants, especially the leaves, have yielded most of the bioactive compounds. Most bioactivity tests involve in vitro assessments for the inhibition of the growth of tumour cell lines, and several compounds with in vitro antitumour activity have been reported. More in-depth studies to evaluate the mode of action of the compounds are necessary to pave the way for clinical trials. Ecological and taxonomical studies are needed to evaluate the flora of SA, and a plan for the conservation of wild plants should be implemented, including the management of the protection of endemic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham R. El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 591, SE 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu Education Department, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt
| | - Safaa M. Kotb
- Department of Chemistry & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt
| | - Syed G. Musharraf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Awad A. Shehata
- Avian and Rabbit Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Zhiming Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Sultan M. Alsharif
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al Madinah 887, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Omer A. A. Hamdi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11115, Sudan
| | | | - Rasha Alnefaie
- Department of Biology, Faculity of Science, Al-Baha University, Albaha 65779, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rob Verpoorte
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Shaden A. M. Khalifa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Ali Haimoud S, Allem R. Algerian date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit cultivars: HPLC fingerprinting and antibacterial activity. FOODS AND RAW MATERIALS 2022. [DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2023-1-549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The abusive use of antibiotics causes the destruction of intestinal flora and the proliferation of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Date palm is used in traditional medicine in the Saharan regions due to its biological properties.
The study aimed to identify the phytochemical composition and assess the antibacterial activity of the methanolic extracts of three date cultivars from Algeria. Their total phenolic, flavonoid, and flavonol contents were measured spectrophotometrically. The phytochemical screening was conducted by HPLC fingerprinting using twenty-three pure phenolic compounds as standards. The antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacterial species was assessed using the disk diffusion method.
The colorimetric methods showed that the total phenolic, flavonoid, and flavonol contents ranged from 2.13 ± 0.09 to 2.67 ± 0.02 mg GAE/100 g DW, 1.33 ± 0.21 to 1.55 ± 0.13 mg CEQ/100 g DW, and 0.41 ± 0.23 to 0.47 ± 0.05 mg REQ/100 g DW, respectively. HPLC fingerprinting showed that the extracts of date cultivars served as an excellent source of bioactive compounds (gallic acid, tannic acid, ferulic acid, vanillin, caffeine, quercetin, luteolin, rutin, aspegenin, isorhamnetin, and hesperidin). They also exhibited an antibacterial potential with an inhibition zone diameter ranging from 8.40 to 12.50 mm.
The results clearly demonstrate the antibacterial potency of date palm fruits, which could be attributed to their considerable content of phenolic compounds such as gallic acid, rutin, quercetin, and luteolin.
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Anwar S, Raut R, Alsahli MA, Almatroudi A, Alfheeaid H, Alzahrani FM, Khan AA, Allemailem KS, Almatroodi SA, Rahmani AH. Role of Ajwa Date Fruit Pulp and Seed in the Management of Diseases through In Vitro and In Silico Analysis. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11010078. [PMID: 35053077 PMCID: PMC8773040 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Most diseases result in an imbalance of antioxidant defense, inflammatory responses, and membrane permeabilization. The current therapeutic modules of disease prevention are not fully effective and have some adverse effects on physiological parameters. In this vista, medicinal plants and their active compounds have proven to be effective against disease prevention and treatment. Ajwa dates have high nutritional value and are reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties. In the current in vitro study, Ajwa fruit pulp and seed extract were found to have strong antioxidant properties, stabilize the RBC membrane, and have a good protective capacity against protein denaturation. Besides this, the seed extract prevents glucose-mediated browning of BSA as well as inhibiting the development of cross-amyloid and AGEs formations. Molecular docking results confirm the interaction between functional residues of antioxidant enzymes and components of Ajwa fruit pulp and seed contents. Therefore, the consumption of Ajwa dates can be beneficial in disease prevention and treatment. However, more detailed study is required based on pharmacological aspects to determine the mechanisms of action of Ajwa dates’ components in disease prevention. Abstract This study investigated the health-promoting activities of methanolic extracts of Ajwa date seed and fruit pulp extracts through in vitro studies. These studies confirmed potential antioxidant, anti-hemolytic, anti-proteolytic, and anti-bacterial activities associated with Ajwa dates. The EC50 values of fruit pulp and seed extracts in methanol were reported to be 1580.35 ± 0.37 and 1272.68 ± 0.27 µg/mL, respectively, in the DPPH test. The maximum percentage of hydrogen peroxide-reducing activity was 71.3 and 65.38% for both extracts at 600 µg/mL. Fruit pulp and seed extracts inhibited heat-induced BSA denaturation by 68.11 and 60.308%, heat-induced hemolysis by 63.84% and 58.10%, and hypersalinity-induced hemolysis by 61.71% and 57.27%, and showed the maximum anti-proteinase potential of 56.8 and 51.31% at 600 μg/mL, respectively. Seed and fruit pulp inhibited heat-induced egg albumin denaturation at the same concentration by 44.31 and 50.84%, respectively. Ajwa seed showed minimum browning intensity by 63.2%, percent aggregation index by 64.2%, and amyloid structure by 63.8% at 600 μg/mL. At 100 mg/mL, Ajwa seed extract exhibited good antibacterial activity. Molecular docking analysis showed that ten active constituents of Ajwa seeds bind with the critical antioxidant enzymes, catalase (1DGH) and superoxide dismutase (5YTU). The functional residues involved in such interactions include Arg72, Ala357, and Leu144 in 1DGH, and Gly37, Pro13, and Asp11 in 5YTU. Hence, Ajwa dates can be used to develop a suitable alternative therapy in various diseases, including diabetes and possibly COVID-19-associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehwaz Anwar
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Ravindra Raut
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, India;
| | - Mohammed A. Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Hani Alfheeaid
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Faisal M. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khaled S. Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.A.)
- Correspondence: (K.S.A.); (A.H.R.)
| | - Saleh A. Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.A.)
- Correspondence: (K.S.A.); (A.H.R.)
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Al-Tamimi A, Alfarhan A, Rajagopal R. Antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities of polyphenols extracted from different Saudi Arabian date cultivars against human pathogens. J Infect Public Health 2021; 14:1783-1787. [PMID: 34756515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial diseases have emerged as a serious threat to the healthcare system globally and also in Saudi Arabia; various diseases are associated with higher mortality and increased spreading rates. Dietary sources are often entertained to improve the immune system of the body to fight against these infections. The date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L) is one such functional food that is less explored for its actual potentials. METHODS The polyphenols isolated from the different cultivars of dates in Saudi Arabia (Ajwa, Safawi, Khalas, and Sukkary) was evaluated for their antibacterial, anti-fungal and anti-biofilm forming abilities. The anti-radical properties of the phenolic extract were conducted in terms of the scavenging of diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, hydrogen peroxide radicals and ABTS radicals. The anti-inflammatory potential was analyzed in terms of lipoxygenase activity inhibition. RESULTS The phenolic compounds of different dates were spectrophotometrically estimated and cultivars such as Ajwa and Sukkary had the highest polyphenol content. It was also noteworthy that they exerted potent antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as estimated by the least minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) or minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values. Besides, these polyphenols reduced the biofilm formation by these bacterial pathogens; it is thus possible that the polyphenols from dates can be a promising antimicrobial agent against various pathogenic strains. Corroborating with these, the polyphenol extracts from different Saudi Arabian dates were found to inhibit the growth of mycelium in strains of Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Apart from these, the polyphenol isolates also exhibited significant anti-radical properties against different reactive radical systems. CONCLUSION Overall, the efficacy of phenolic compounds extracted from the dried date fruits are not only restricted to the functional food features; instead, these molecules are capable of preventing the growth of microbial pathogens of humans. Hence, it may emerge as potent antibacterial, anti-fungal and anti-biofilm forming candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Al-Tamimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 87991, Riyadh 11652, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alfarhan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajakrishnan Rajagopal
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Suleiman RK, Iali W, El Ali B, Umoren SA. New Constituents from the Leaves of Date Palm ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) of Saudi Origin. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144192. [PMID: 34299467 PMCID: PMC8306910 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The phytochemical analysis of the butanolic extract from the leaves of date palm of Saudi origin resulted in the isolation of three major constituents, oleanolic acid (1), vanillyl alcohol (2), and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-d-glucoside (3), which had not been isolated from this plant or previously reported. Together, compounds 1 and 2 account for 1.0% of the butanol extract, which represents 0.4% of the mass of the dried leaves. The isolation of other known compounds for this plant such as fatty acids, lutein, and sucrose was also achieved in this study. The characterization and identification of the isolated compounds were conducted on the basis of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS), and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analyses. The findings of the current study will definitely increase the knowledge about the contribution of the constituents of this plant to its well-known nutrition, corrosion inhibition, and antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami K. Suleiman
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-13-860-7580; Fax: +966-13-860-8317
| | - Wissam Iali
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (W.I.); (B.E.A.)
| | - Bassam El Ali
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (W.I.); (B.E.A.)
| | - Saviour A. Umoren
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia;
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