1
|
Hamil S, Arab S, Baha M, Arab A. Spatial and temporal variations of zooplankton assemblage in Chiffa Wadi (North Algeria). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:40581-40591. [PMID: 36918490 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26311-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The spatial and temporal variations in the distribution, abundance, and assemblage structure of zooplankton were examined in the Chiffa Wadi River, north central Algeria. Samples were taken seasonally from autumn 2020 to summer 2022. Nine physical and chemical variables were recorded, and their relationship with the density of 39 zooplankton species was established using canonical correspondence analysis. In order to study the structure of the zooplankton, Shannon-Wiener diversity indices (H'), Margalef richness index (Dmg), Pielou evenness (E), and abundance were calculated. During the analysis, rotifera was the dominant group in the zooplankton community, represented by 27 taxa, followed by Cladocera (9 taxa) and Copepoda (3 taxa). The diversity index indicated the higher richness, abundance, and evenness of zooplankton at a eutrophic site (S2) compared with other sites. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that the structure of zooplankton is influenced by local environmental factors. The present study demonstrates that anthropogenic activities including urban discharge and the construction of Algeria's Medea-Chiffa highway, which increased the nutrient load in the aquatic system, disrupted water quality. Consequently, the distribution and quantity of zooplankton were dramatically impacted by these changes in water quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somia Hamil
- Laboratory of Eco-Biology Animals (L.E.B.A.), École Normale Supérieure de Kouba Bachir El Ibrahimi, B.P. 92, 6050, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Siham Arab
- Laboratory of Eco-Biology Animals (L.E.B.A.), École Normale Supérieure de Kouba Bachir El Ibrahimi, B.P. 92, 6050, Algiers, Algeria
- Laboratory of Dynamics and Biodiversity (LaDyBio), FSB, USTHB, L.P. 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Mounia Baha
- Laboratory of Eco-Biology Animals (L.E.B.A.), École Normale Supérieure de Kouba Bachir El Ibrahimi, B.P. 92, 6050, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Abdeslem Arab
- Laboratory of Dynamics and Biodiversity (LaDyBio), FSB, USTHB, L.P. 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bellin N, Rossi V. To sleep or not to sleep: Dormancy and life history traits in Eucypris virens (Crustacea, Ostracoda). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 341:345-356. [PMID: 38284622 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Dormancy represents an investment with its own costs and benefit. Besides the advantage obtained from the avoidance of harsh environments and from the synchronization of life cycles with seasonal changes, an organism could benefit from a temporary stop in growth and reproduction. To test this hypothesis a transgenerational experiment was carried out comparing the life history traits of clonal females of Eucypris virens from resting and non-resting eggs at two different photoperiods: short day length (6:18 L:D), proxy of favorable but unpredictable late winter-spring hydroperiod, and long day length (16:8 L:D) proxy of dry predictable unfavorable season, inducing resting egg production and within-generation plasticity (WGP). Clonal females that were dormancy deprived showed the highest age at first deposition and the lowest fecundity. Dormancy seems to work as a resetting mechanism of reproduction. Transgenerational plasticity (TGP) had a bounce back pattern: the phenotype of F1 generation was influenced by cues experienced in the F0 generation but the effects of F0 exposure were not evident in the F2. TGP might be adaptive when a mother experiences some kind of seasonality or stochasticity producing both resting and nonresting eggs. A positive relationship between the number of resting eggs and the total number of eggs per females suggested the absence of trade-off between dormancy and reproduction. Both WGP and TGP increase the mother long term fitness with important consequences on population dynamics, on the way a species spread throughout space and time and might respond to climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Bellin
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area delle Scienze, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Valeria Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area delle Scienze, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Partemi R, Debortoli N, Martínez A, Kamburska L, Souffreau C, Matheve H, Vantieghem P, De Meester L, Van Doninck K, Merckx T, Fontaneto D. Weak effect of urbanization on bdelloid rotifers living in lichens. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231978. [PMID: 38633346 PMCID: PMC11021934 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Human activities have an overwhelming impact on the natural environment, leading to a deep biodiversity crisis whose effects range from genes to ecosystems. Here, we analysed the effect of such anthropogenic impacts on bdelloid rotifers (Rotifera Bdelloidea), for whom these effects are poorly understood. We targeted bdelloid rotifers living in lichen patches across urbanization gradients in Flanders and Brussels (Belgium). Urbanization was measured as the percentage of built-up area (BU) across different spatial scales, at circles from 50 to 3200 m of radius around the lichen. Urbanization effects on biodiversity were assessed on abundance, species richness and community-weighted mean body size of bdelloid rotifers, as well as on genetic diversity of a mitochondrial marker (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) of one of the most common and widespread bdelloid species, Adineta vaga. Overall, no negative effect of urbanization was found at any diversity level and any spatial scale. Counterintuitively, the BU area quantified at the largest spatial scale had a positive effect on abundance. These results leave open the question of whether negative effects of urbanization are present for bdelloid rotifers, if they are mediated by other unexplored drivers, or if such effects are only visible at even larger spatial scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Partemi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, Modena and
Reggio-Emilia University, Modena41125, Italy
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Water Research
Institute (IRSA), Verbania Pallanza, 28922,
Italy
| | | | - Alejandro Martínez
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Water Research
Institute (IRSA), Verbania Pallanza, 28922,
Italy
| | - Lyudmila Kamburska
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Water Research
Institute (IRSA), Verbania Pallanza, 28922,
Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo90133, Italy
| | - Caroline Souffreau
- Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology, Evolution & Conservation,
KU Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, Leuven3000, Belgium
| | - Hans Matheve
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent
University, Gent9000, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vantieghem
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent
University, Gent9000, Belgium
| | - Luc De Meester
- Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology, Evolution & Conservation,
KU Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, Leuven3000, Belgium
- Leibniz Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei
(IGB), Berlin12587, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin14195, Germany
| | - Karine Van Doninck
- Research Unit in Molecular Biology and Evolution, DBO,
Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels1050, Belgium
| | - Thomas Merckx
- WILD, Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel
(VUB), Brussels1050, Belgium
| | - Diego Fontaneto
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Water Research
Institute (IRSA), Verbania Pallanza, 28922,
Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo90133, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Laurent A, Scaletta C, Abdel-Sayed P, Raffoul W, Hirt-Burri N, Applegate LA. Industrial Biotechnology Conservation Processes: Similarities with Natural Long-Term Preservation of Biological Organisms. BIOTECH 2023; 12:biotech12010015. [PMID: 36810442 PMCID: PMC9944097 DOI: 10.3390/biotech12010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation and lyophilization processes are widely used for conservation purposes in the pharmaceutical, biotechnological, and food industries or in medical transplantation. Such processes deal with extremely low temperatures (e.g., -196 °C) and multiple physical states of water, a universal and essential molecule for many biological lifeforms. This study firstly considers the controlled laboratory/industrial artificial conditions used to favor specific water phase transitions during cellular material cryopreservation and lyophilization under the Swiss progenitor cell transplantation program. Both biotechnological tools are successfully used for the long-term storage of biological samples and products, with reversible quasi-arrest of metabolic activities (e.g., cryogenic storage in liquid nitrogen). Secondly, similarities are outlined between such artificial localized environment modifications and some natural ecological niches known to favor metabolic rate modifications (e.g., cryptobiosis) in biological organisms. Specifically, examples of survival to extreme physical parameters by small multi-cellular animals (e.g., tardigrades) are discussed, opening further considerations about the possibility to reversibly slow or temporarily arrest the metabolic activity rates of defined complex organisms in controlled conditions. Key examples of biological organism adaptation capabilities to extreme environmental parameters finally enabled a discussion about the emergence of early primordial biological lifeforms, from natural biotechnology and evolutionary points of view. Overall, the provided examples/similarities confirm the interest in further transposing natural processes and phenomena to controlled laboratory settings with the ultimate goal of gaining better control and modulation capacities over the metabolic activities of complex biological organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Laurent
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Applied Research Department, LAM Biotechnologies SA, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
- Manufacturing Department, TEC-PHARMA SA, CH-1038 Bercher, Switzerland
| | - Corinne Scaletta
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Abdel-Sayed
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
- DLL Bioengineering, STI School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wassim Raffoul
- Lausanne Burn Center, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Hirt-Burri
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Lee Ann Applegate
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne Burn Center, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-21-314-35-10
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Morais Júnior CSD, Diniz LP, Nascimento Filho SLD, Brito MTDS, Silva ADO, Moura GJBD, Melo Júnior MD. Zooplankton associated with phytotelms and treefrogs in a neotropical forest. IHERINGIA. SERIE ZOOLOGIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4766e2019020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Assumptions about the distribution of zooplankton communities in various ecosystems are often limited by lack of data on dispersal mechanisms. Many studies on frog-mediated passive dispersal have been developed in bromeliads, but they usually focus on ostracods and annelids. We investigated the potential for external phoresy of zooplankton (rotifers, cladocerans, copepods) by treefrogs in bromeliad phytotelms. Our hypotheses are that (1) zooplankton composition on frogs’ skin and in phytotelm tanks is similar, and (2) frogs with larger body size carry more propagules of these invertebrates. We filtered phytotelm water (10 to 150 mL) using plankton net (45 µm), and fixed invertebrates with 4% formalin. Frogs were actively collected in and around bromeliads (up to ~1.5 m radius) and then washed with distilled water. Fourteen species of rotifers and three of crustaceans were registered in phytotelm water and frog bodies. We captured 17 frogs with a snout-vent length (SVL) ranging from 2 to 5 cm and belonging to five species: Pristimantis ramagii (Boulenger, 1888), Dendropsophus decipiens (A. Lutz, 1925), Scinax auratus (Wied-Neuwied,1821), S. pachycrus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937) and S. x-signatus (Spix, 1824). Among them, 12 (70.59%) had propagules adhered to their bodies, of which the majority (ten individuals) had active zooplankton forms, while only two had dormant eggs. Ten rotifer and two microcrustacean species were recorded adhered to frogs. The zooplankton composition differed between phytotelms and anuran skin, and frog body size does not explain the number of propagules carried, refuting both hypotheses. However, evidence of dispersal was found due to the high number of propagules adhered to anurans. Our study provides evidence that frogs may be potential dispersers of dormant and active forms of zooplankton in bromeliads, through external phoresy.
Collapse
|
6
|
Immediate and heritable costs of desiccation on the life history of the bdelloid rotifer Philodina roseola. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-018-0379-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
7
|
Jaturapruek R, Fontaneto D, Meksuwan P, Pholpunthin P, Maiphae S. Planktonic and periphytic bdelloid rotifers from Thailand reveal a species assemblage with a combination of cosmopolitan and tropical species. SYST BIODIVERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2017.1353554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rapeepan Jaturapruek
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Diego Fontaneto
- National Research Council, Institute of Ecosystem Study, Verbania Pallanza, Italy
| | - Phuripong Meksuwan
- Biology Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Phuket Rajabhat University, Ratsada, Muang, Phuket 83000, Thailand
| | - Pornsilp Pholpunthin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Supiyanit Maiphae
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University 10900, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Evidence Supporting the Uptake and Genomic Incorporation of Environmental DNA in the "Ancient Asexual" Bdelloid Rotifer Philodina roseola. Life (Basel) 2016; 6:life6030038. [PMID: 27608044 PMCID: PMC5041014 DOI: 10.3390/life6030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that bdelloid rotifers regularly undergo horizontal gene transfer, apparently as a surrogate mechanism of genetic exchange in the absence of true sexual reproduction, in part because of their ability to withstand desiccation. We provide empirical support for this latter hypothesis using the bdelloid Philodina roseola, which we demonstrate to readily internalize environmental DNA in contrast to a representative monogonont rotifer (Brachionus rubens), which, like other monogononts, is facultative sexual and cannot withstand desiccation. In addition, environmental DNA that was more similar to the host DNA was retained more often and for a longer period of time. Indirect evidence (increased variance in the reproductive output of the untreated F1 generation) suggests that environmental DNA can be incorporated into the genome during desiccation and is thus heritable. Our observed fitness effects agree with sexual theory and also occurred when the animals were desiccated in groups (thereby acting as DNA donors), but not individually, indicating the mechanism could occur in nature. Thus, although DNA uptake and its genomic incorporation appears proximally related to anhydrobiosis in bdelloids, it might also facilitate accidental genetic exchange with closely related taxa, thereby maintaining higher levels of genetic diversity than is otherwise expected for this group of "ancient asexuals".
Collapse
|
9
|
Wilson CG, Sherman PW. Spatial and temporal escape from fungal parasitism in natural communities of anciently asexual bdelloid rotifers. Proc Biol Sci 2013; 280:20131255. [PMID: 23825214 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.1255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual reproduction is costly, but it is nearly ubiquitous among plants and animals, whereas obligately asexual taxa are rare and almost always short-lived. The Red Queen hypothesis proposes that sex overcomes its costs by enabling organisms to keep pace with coevolving parasites and pathogens. If so, the few cases of stable long-term asexuality ought to be found in groups whose coevolutionary interactions with parasites are unusually weak. In theory, antagonistic coevolution will be attenuated if hosts disperse among patches within a metapopulation separately from parasites and more rapidly. We examined whether these conditions are met in natural communities of bdelloid rotifers, one of the longest-lived asexual lineages. At any life stage, these microscopic invertebrates can tolerate the complete desiccation of their ephemeral freshwater habitats, surviving as dormant propagules that are readily carried by the wind. In our field experiments, desiccation and wind transport enabled bdelloids to disperse independently of multiple fungal parasites, in both time and space. Surveys of bdelloid communities in unmanipulated moss patches confirmed that fungal parasitism was negatively correlated with extended drought and increasing height (exposure to wind). Bdelloid ecology therefore matches a key condition of models in which asexuals persist through spatio-temporal decoupling from coevolving enemies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Wilson
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fischer C, Ahlrichs WH, Buma AGJ, van de Poll WH, Bininda-Emonds ORP. How does the 'ancient' asexual Philodina roseola (Rotifera: Bdelloidea) handle potential UVB-induced mutations? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 216:3090-5. [PMID: 23619410 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.087064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Like other obligate asexuals, bdelloid rotifers are expected to suffer from degradation of their genomes through processes including the accumulation of deleterious mutations. However, sequence-based analyses in this regard remain inconclusive. Instead of looking for historical footprints of mutations in these ancient asexuals, we directly examined the susceptibility and ability to repair point mutations by the bdelloid Philodina roseola by inducing cyclobutane-pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) via exposure to UVB radiation (280-320 nm). For comparison, we performed analogous experiments with the facultative asexual monogonont rotifer Brachionus rubens. Different strategies were found for the two species. Philodina roseola appeared to shield itself from CPD induction through uncharacterized UV-absorbing compounds and, except for the genome reconstruction that occurs after desiccation, was largely unable to repair UVB-induced damage. By contrast, B. rubens was more susceptible to UVB irradiation, but could repair all induced damage in ~2 h. In addition, whereas UV irradiation had a significant negative impact on the reproductive output of P. roseola, and especially so after desiccation, that of B. rubens was unaffected. Although the strategy of P. roseola might suffice under natural conditions where UVB irradiation is less intense, the lack of any immediate CPD repair mechanisms in this species remains perplexing. It remains to be investigated how typical these results are for bdelloids as a group and therefore how reliant these animals are on desiccation-dependent genome repair to correct potential DNA damage given their obligate asexual lifestyle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claus Fischer
- AG Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, IBU-Faculty V, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Musculature of Seison nebaliae Grube, 1861 and Paraseison annulatus (Claus, 1876) revealed with CLSM: a comparative study of the gnathiferan key taxon Seisonacea (Rotifera). ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-012-0155-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
12
|
WILSON CHRISTOPHERG. Desiccation-tolerance in bdelloid rotifers facilitates spatiotemporal escape from multiple species of parasitic fungi. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01737.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
13
|
BIRKY JR CWILLIAM, RICCI CLAUDIA, MELONE GIULIO, FONTANETO DIEGO. Integrating DNA and morphological taxonomy to describe diversity in poorly studied microscopic animals: new species of the genus Abrochtha Bryce, 1910 (Rotifera: Bdelloidea: Philodinavidae). Zool J Linn Soc 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00674.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
14
|
Fontaneto D, Jondelius U. Broad taxonomic sampling of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I does not solve the relationships between Rotifera and Acanthocephala. ZOOL ANZ 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2010.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
15
|
|