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Roberto Rolando Pisano S, Steiner J, Cristina E, Delefortrie Z, Delalay G, Krieg R, Zenker A, Schmidt-Posthaus H. An old unknown: 40 years of crayfish plague monitoring in Switzerland, the water tower of Europe. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 206:108159. [PMID: 38925366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2024.108159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The oomycete Aphanomyces astaci is the causative agent of crayfish plague, a disease threatening susceptible freshwater crayfish species in Europe. To detect its spatiotemporal occurrence in Switzerland, we reviewed (1) the literature regarding occurrence of crayfish plague and North American crayfish carrier species and (2) the necropsy report archive of the Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI) from 1968 to 2020. In the past, crayfish plague was diagnosed through several methods: conventional PCR, culture, and histology. When available, we re-evaluated archived Bouin's or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples collected during necropsies (1991-2020) with a recently published quantitative PCR. Literature research revealed putative reports of crayfish plague in Switzerland between the 1870s and 1910s and the first occurrence of three North American crayfish species between the late 1970s and 1990s. Finally, 54 (28.1%) cases were classified as positive and 9 (4.7%) cases as suspicious. The total number of positive cases increased by 14 (14.7%) after re-evaluation of samples. The earliest diagnosis of crayfish plague was performed in 1980 and the earliest biomolecular confirmation of A. astaci DNA dated 1991. Between 1980-1990, 1991-2000 and 2001-2010 crayfish plague spread from one to two and finally three catchment basins, respectively. Similar to other European countries, crayfish plague has occurred in Switzerland in two waves: the first at the end of the 19th and the second at the end of the 20th century in association with the first occurrence of North American crayfish species. The spread from one catchment basin to another suggests a human-mediated pathogen dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonas Steiner
- Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elodie Cristina
- Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Zoé Delefortrie
- Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gary Delalay
- Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Krieg
- Koordinationsstelle Flusskrebse Schweiz (KFKS), Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz, Hochschule für Life Sciences, Institut für Ecopreneurship, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Armin Zenker
- Koordinationsstelle Flusskrebse Schweiz (KFKS), Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz, Hochschule für Life Sciences, Institut für Ecopreneurship, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Heike Schmidt-Posthaus
- Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Li W, Li G, Xu W, Li Z, Qu H, Ma C, Zhang H, Cai M, Bahojb Noruzi E, Quan J, Periyasami G, Li H. Visible Light-Gating Responsive Nanochannel for Controlled Release of the Fungicide. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2401503. [PMID: 38705860 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Fungicides have been widely used to protect crops from the disease of pythium aphanidermatum (PA). However, excessive use of synthetic fungicides can lead to fungal pathogens developing microbicide resistance. Recently, biomimetic nano-delivery systems have been used for controlled release, reducing the overuse of fungicides, and thereby protecting the environment. In this paper, inspired by chloroplast membranes, visible light biomimetic channels are constructed by using retinal, the main component of green pigment on chloroplasts in plants, which can achieve the precise controlled release of the model fungicide methylene blue (MB). The experimental results show that the biomimetic channels have good circularity after and before light conditions. In addition, it is also found that the release of MB in visible light by the retinal-modified channels is 8.78 µmol·m-2·h-1, which is four times higher than that in the before light conditions. Furthermore, MB, a bactericide drug model released under visible light, can effectively inhibit the growth of PA, reaching a 97% inhibition effect. The biomimetic nanochannels can realize the controlled release of the fungicide MB, which provides a new way for the treatment of PA on the leaves surface of cucumber, further expanding the application field of biomimetic nanomembrane carrier materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide (CCNU) , College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Guang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide (CCNU) , College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide (CCNU) , College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Ziheng Li
- Hubei Central China Normal University Overseas Study Service Center, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Haonan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide (CCNU) , College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Cuiguang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide (CCNU) , College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Haifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide (CCNU) , College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Meng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide (CCNU) , College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Ehsan Bahojb Noruzi
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide (CCNU) , College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Quan
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hanjiang Normal University, Shiyan, 442000, P. R. China
| | - Govindasami Periyasami
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haibing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide (CCNU) , College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
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Verebélyi V, Erdei N, Hardy T, Eszterbauer E. Description of Saprolegnia velencensis sp. n. (Oomycota), a novel water mold species from Lake Velence, Hungary. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298814. [PMID: 38507310 PMCID: PMC10954141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe a novel water mold species, Saprolegnia velencensis sp. n. from Lake Velence, in Hungary. Two strains (SAP239 and SAP241) were isolated from lake water, and characterized using morphological and molecular markers. In addition, phylogenetic analyses based on ITS-rDNA regions and on the RNA polymerase II B subunit (RPB2) gene complemented the study. The ITS-rDNA of the two strains was 100% identical, showed the highest similarity to that of S. ferax (with 94.4% identity), and they formed a separate cluster in both the ITS-rDNA and RPB2-based maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees with high bootstrap support. Although mature oogonia and antheridia were not seen under in vitro conditions, the S. velencensis sp. n. could be clearly distinguished from its closest relative, S. ferax, by the length and width of sporangia, as the new species had shorter and narrower sporangia (163.33±70.07 and 36.69±8.27 μm, respectively) than those of S. ferax. The two species also differed in the size of the secondary cysts (11.63±1.77 μm), which were slightly smaller in S. ferax. Our results showed that S. velencensis sp. n. could not be identified with any of the previously described water mold species, justifying its description as a new species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noémi Erdei
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tímea Hardy
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Eszterbauer
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
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Shreves KV, Saraiva M, Ruba T, Miller C, Scott EM, McLaggan D, van West P. Specific Phylotypes of Saprolegnia parasitica Associated with Atlantic Salmon Freshwater Aquaculture. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:57. [PMID: 38248966 PMCID: PMC10820671 DOI: 10.3390/jof10010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Saprolegniosis is a major destructive disease in freshwater aquaculture. The destructive economic impact of saprolegniosis on freshwater aquaculture necessitates further study on the range of Saprolegnia species within Atlantic salmon fish farms. This study undertook a thorough analysis of a total of 412 oomycete and fungal isolates that were successfully cultured and sequenced from 14 aquaculture sites in Scotland across a two-year sampling period. An ITS phylogenetic analysis of all isolates was performed according to whether they were isolated from fish or water samples and during enzootic or epizootic periods. Several genera of oomycetes were isolated from sampling sites, including Achlya, Leptolegnia, Phytophthora, and Pythium, but by far the most prevalent was Saprolegnia, accounting for 66% of all oomycetes isolated. An analysis of the ITS region of Saprolegnia parasitica showed five distinct phylotypes (S2-S6); S1 was not isolated from any site. Phylotype S2 was the most common and most widely distributed phylotype, being found at 12 of the 14 sampling sites. S2 was overwhelmingly sampled from fish (93.5%) and made up 91.1% of all S. parasitica phylotypes sampled during epizootics, as well as 67.2% of all Saprolegnia. This study indicates that a single phylotype may be responsible for Saprolegnia outbreaks in Atlantic salmon fish farms, and that water sampling and spore counts alone may be insufficient to predict Saprolegnia outbreaks in freshwater aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kypher Varin Shreves
- International Centre for Aquaculture Research and Development (ICARD), Aberdeen Oomycete Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (K.V.S.); (M.S.); (T.R.); (D.M.)
| | - Marcia Saraiva
- International Centre for Aquaculture Research and Development (ICARD), Aberdeen Oomycete Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (K.V.S.); (M.S.); (T.R.); (D.M.)
| | - Tahmina Ruba
- International Centre for Aquaculture Research and Development (ICARD), Aberdeen Oomycete Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (K.V.S.); (M.S.); (T.R.); (D.M.)
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Claire Miller
- School Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; (C.M.); (E.M.S.)
| | - E. Marian Scott
- School Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; (C.M.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Debbie McLaggan
- International Centre for Aquaculture Research and Development (ICARD), Aberdeen Oomycete Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (K.V.S.); (M.S.); (T.R.); (D.M.)
| | - Pieter van West
- International Centre for Aquaculture Research and Development (ICARD), Aberdeen Oomycete Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (K.V.S.); (M.S.); (T.R.); (D.M.)
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