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Montaldo L, Gallo A, Rocha G, Csernoch C, Marzi MD, Guerra LN. Anthocyanin-enriched extract from Ribes nigrum inhibits triglyceride and cholesterol accumulation in adipocytes. Ther Deliv 2023; 14:675-687. [PMID: 38018449 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2023-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Obesity is a chronic pathology of epidemic proportions. Mature adipocytes from a 3T3-L1 cell line were used as in vitro obesity model to test different bioactive compounds. We aim to evaluate cassis (Ribes nigrum) extract antioxidant activity and its antiadipogenic effect on mature adipocytes. Results: We produced an extract by using enzyme that combines cellulase and pectinase; we obtained high yield of the bioactive compound anthocyanin. Extract showed high antioxidant capacity. We conducted in vitro assays by adding the extract to adipocytes culture medium. Extract reduced intracellular levels of triglyceride by 62% and cholesterol by 32%. Conclusion: Enzymatic extract's high antioxidant activity was likely attributable to its high concentration of anthocyanin. This extract inhibits lipid accumulation in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Montaldo
- Universidad Nacional de Luján, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Av Constitución y Ruta 5, Luján, Buenos Aires, 6700, Argentina
| | - Alicia Gallo
- Universidad Nacional de Luján, Departamento de Tecnología, Av Constitución y Ruta 5, Luján, Buenos Aires, 6700, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Rocha
- Universidad Nacional de Luján, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Av Constitución y Ruta 5, Luján, Buenos Aires, 6700, Argentina
- CONICET-INEDES, Grupo de Investigación Básica y Clínica en Inmunología y Bioactivos (GIBAIB), Av Constitución y Ruta 5, Luján, Buenos Aires, 6700, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Csernoch
- Universidad Nacional de Luján, Departamento de Tecnología, Av Constitución y Ruta 5, Luján, Buenos Aires, 6700, Argentina
| | - Mauricio De Marzi
- Universidad Nacional de Luján, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Av Constitución y Ruta 5, Luján, Buenos Aires, 6700, Argentina
- CONICET-INEDES, Grupo de Investigación Básica y Clínica en Inmunología y Bioactivos (GIBAIB), Av Constitución y Ruta 5, Luján, Buenos Aires, 6700, Argentina
| | - Liliana N Guerra
- Universidad Nacional de Luján, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Av Constitución y Ruta 5, Luján, Buenos Aires, 6700, Argentina
- CONICET-INEDES, Grupo de Investigación Básica y Clínica en Inmunología y Bioactivos (GIBAIB), Av Constitución y Ruta 5, Luján, Buenos Aires, 6700, Argentina
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Higa Y, Hiasa M, Tenshin H, Nakaue E, Tanaka M, Kim S, Nakagawa M, Shimizu S, Tanimoto K, Teramachi J, Harada T, Oda A, Oura M, Sogabe K, Hara T, Sumitani R, Maruhashi T, Yamagami H, Endo I, Matsumoto T, Tanaka E, Abe M. The Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor Febuxostat Suppresses Adipogenesis and Activates Nrf2. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010133. [PMID: 36670994 PMCID: PMC9854541 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a rate-limiting enzyme in purine catabolism that acts as a novel regulator of adipogenesis. In pathological states, xanthine oxidoreductase activity increases to produce excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a critical inducer of antioxidants, which is bound and repressed by a kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) in the cytoplasm. The Keap1-Nrf2 axis appears to be a major mechanism for robust inducible antioxidant defenses. Here, we demonstrate that febuxostat, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, alleviates the increase in adipose tissue mass in obese mouse models with a high-fat diet or ovariectomy. Febuxostat disrupts in vitro adipocytic differentiation in adipogenic media. Adipocytes appeared at day 7 in absence or presence of febuxostat were 160.8 ± 21.2 vs. 52.5 ± 12.7 (p < 0.01) in 3T3−L1 cells, and 126.0 ± 18.7 vs. 55.3 ± 13.4 (p < 0.01) in 10T1/2 cells, respectively. Adipocyte differentiation was further enhanced by the addition of hydrogen peroxide, which was also suppressed by febuxostat. Interestingly, febuxostat, but not allopurinol (another xanthine oxidase inhibitor), rapidly induced the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and facilitated the degradation of Keap1, similar to the electrophilic Nrf2 activator omaveloxolone. These results suggest that febuxostat alleviates adipogenesis under oxidative conditions, at least in part by suppressing ROS production and Nrf2 activation. Regulation of adipocytic differentiation by febuxostat is expected to inhibit obesity due to menopause or overeating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Higa
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hiasa
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (M.A.); Tel.: +81-88-633-7357 (M.H.); +81-88-633-7120 (M.A.); Fax: +81-88-633-9139 (M.H.); +81-88-633-7121 (M.A.)
| | - Hirofumi Tenshin
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Emiko Nakaue
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Mariko Tanaka
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Sooha Kim
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Motosumi Nakagawa
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - So Shimizu
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kotaro Tanimoto
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Jumpei Teramachi
- Department of Oral Function and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takeshi Harada
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Asuka Oda
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masahiro Oura
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kimiko Sogabe
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Hara
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sumitani
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Tomoko Maruhashi
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamagami
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Itsuro Endo
- Department of Bioregulatory Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Toshio Matsumoto
- Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Eiji Tanaka
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masahiro Abe
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (M.A.); Tel.: +81-88-633-7357 (M.H.); +81-88-633-7120 (M.A.); Fax: +81-88-633-9139 (M.H.); +81-88-633-7121 (M.A.)
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Yuan Y, Tan H, Chen H, Zhang J, Shi F, Wang M, Zhang G, Wang H, Dong R. Peroxiredoxin 1 alleviates oxygen-glucose deprivation/ reoxygenation injury in N2a cells via suppressing the JNK/caspase-3 pathway. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:1305-1312. [PMID: 37886002 PMCID: PMC10598809 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.71390.15528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury inevitably aggravates the initial cerebral tissue damage following a stroke. Peroxiredoxin 1 (Prdx1) is a representative protein of the endogenous antioxidant enzyme family that regulates several reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent signaling pathways, whereas the JNK/caspase-3 proapoptotic pathway has a prominent role during cerebral I/R injury. This study aimed to examine the potential mechanism of Prdx1 in Neuro 2A (N2a) cells following oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury. Materials and Methods N2a cells were exposed to OGD/R to simulate cerebral I/R injury. Prdx1 siRNA transfection and the JNK inhibitor (SP600125) were used to interfere with their relative expressions. CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay were employed to determine the viability and apoptosis of N2a cells. The intracellular ROS content was assessed using ROS Assay Kit. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot analyses were conducted to detect the expression levels of Prdx1, JNK, phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK), and cleaved caspase-3. Results Firstly, Prdx1, p-JNK, and cleaved caspase-3 expression were significantly induced in OGD/R-exposed N2a cells. Secondly, the knockdown of Prdx1 inhibited cell viability and increased apoptosis rate, expression of p-JNK, and cleaved caspase-3 expression. Thirdly, SP600125 inhibited the JNK/caspase-3 signaling pathway and mitigated cell injury following OGD/R. Finally, SP600125 partially reversed Prdx1 down-regulation-mediated cleaved caspase-3 activation and OGD/R damage in N2a cells. Conclusion Prdx1 alleviates the injury to N2a cells induced by OGD/R via suppressing JNK/caspase-3 pathway, showing promise as a potential therapeutic for cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hongchen Tan
- Malvern College Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Huailong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Eight People’s Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Clinical College Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Mingshan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Gaofeng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Haipeng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang No.2 People’s Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Elecampane ( Inula helenium) Root Extract and Its Major Sesquiterpene Lactone, Alantolactone, Inhibit Adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154765. [PMID: 35897937 PMCID: PMC9332862 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that Nur77 and AMPKα play an important role in regulating adipogenesis and isoalantolactone (ISO) dual-targeting AMPKα and Nur77 inhibits adipogenesis. In this study, we hypothesized that Inula helenium (elecampane) root extract (IHE), which contains two sesquiterpene lactones, alantolactone (ALA) and ISO, as major compounds, might inhibit adipogenesis. Here, we found that ALA and IHE simultaneously target AMPKα and Nur77 and inhibited adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells, accompanied by the decreased expression of adipocyte markers. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that IHE shares similar mechanisms of action with ISO that reduce mitotic clonal expansion during the early phase of adipogenic differentiation and decrease expression of cell cycle regulators. These results suggest that IHE inhibits adipogenesis, in part, through co-regulation of AMPKα and Nur77, and has potential as a therapeutic option for obesity and related metabolic dysfunction.
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