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Brunel J, Mathey S, Delord S. French Norms for a Shortened Online Adaptation of the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A. Int J Clin Exp Hypn 2024; 72:327-350. [PMID: 38768322 DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2024.2346097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
This study presents the norms and psychometric properties for a shortened online adaptation of a French version of the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A (HGSHS:A). Assessment of involuntariness and subjective intensity was added to the traditional scoring. A total of 373 individuals completed an online hypnotizability screening test on their own computer. Participants received the HGSHS:A script through an audio recording lasting about 30 minutes. The results showed that the item difficulty and reliability of the short online HGSHS:A were consistent with the offline version of the scale and with the reference samples. Involuntariness and subjective intensity corrections improved significantly the accuracy in the measurement of the scale and helped to dissociate between different phenomenologies in hypnotic responding. These findings indicate that the short online HGSHS:A is a reliable tool for measuring hypnotizability. Moreover, we suggest that using complementary measures of involuntariness and subjective intensity helps to shed more light on hypnotizability as part of a multi-componential approach to hypnotic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Brunel
- Laboratoire de Psychologie (UR 4139), Universite de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphanie Mathey
- Laboratoire de Psychologie (UR 4139), Universite de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sandrine Delord
- Laboratoire de Psychologie (UR 4139), Universite de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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2
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Di Filippo G, Perri RL. Intimate relationships and hypnosis: insecure adult attachment affects emotions and absorption during hypnosis. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1326170. [PMID: 38425553 PMCID: PMC10903537 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1326170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hypnosis research indicates that subjects are not equally hypnotizable. Most studies on hypnotizability focused on the relationships with personality or cognitive variables. At the same time, only a few proposed the contribution of the attachment style, defined as the result of the childhood relationship with the caregivers and influencing the adult relations. Methods In the present investigation, two studies were carried out to test the possible association between adult attachment and hypnotic responsivity. The adult attachment was assessed using the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R) questionnaire, while hypnosis was assessed through the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility (HGSHS:A; Study 1) and the Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory: Hypnotic Assessment Procedure (PCI-HAP; Study 2) in order to adopt a behavioral and a phenomenological approach, respectively. Results Analyses showed that attachment factors (anxiety and avoidance) were not associated with the level of hypnotizability, whereas it was associated with variations of consciousness during hypnosis, mainly internal dialogue, absorption and negative emotions. Overall, the insecure attachment styles yielded increased mind wandering and restlessness during hypnosis when compared to the secure style. The reason probably lies in the feeling of anxiety or danger of insecurely attached individuals when involved in intimate or confidential relationships. Conclusion These findings clarify a still poorly investigated aspect concerning the influence of attachment style on hypnotic experience and further highlight the need to consider inter-individual differences and the phenomenological perspective when assessing hypnosis and hypnotizability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Di Filippo
- Department of Psychological, Economic and Communication Sciences, University Niccolò Cusano, Rome, Italy
| | - Rinaldo Livio Perri
- Department of Psychological, Economic and Communication Sciences, University Niccolò Cusano, Rome, Italy
- De Sanctis Clinical Center (CCDS), Rome, Italy
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3
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Apelian C, Terhune DB, De Vignemont F. Hypnotic suggestion versus sensory modulation of bodily awareness. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291493. [PMID: 37699046 PMCID: PMC10497174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bodily awareness arises from somatosensory, vestibular, and visual inputs but cannot be reduced to these incoming sensory signals. Cognitive factors are known to also impact bodily awareness, though their specific influence is poorly understood. Here we systematically compared the effects of sensory (bottom-up) and cognitive (top-down) manipulations on the estimated size of body parts. Toward this end, in a repeated-measures design, we sought to induce the illusion that the right index finger was elongating by vibrating the biceps tendon of the left arm whilst participants grasped the tip of their right index finger (Lackner illusion; bottom-up) and separately by hypnotic suggestion (top-down), with a sham version of the Lackner illusion as an active control condition. The effects of these manipulations were assessed with perceptual and motor tasks to capture different components of the representation of body size. We found that hypnotic suggestion significantly induced the illusion in both tasks relative to the sham condition. The magnitudes of these effects were stronger than those in the Lackner illusion condition, which only produced a significantly stronger illusion than the sham condition in the perceptual task. We further observed that illusion magnitude significantly correlated across tasks and conditions, suggesting partly shared mechanisms. These results are in line with theories of separate but interacting representational processes for perception and action and highlight the influence of cognitive factors on low-level body representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Apelian
- Département d’études Cognitives, Institut Jean Nicod, ENS, EHESS, CNRS, PSL University, Paris, France
- ARCHE, Formation, Paris, France
| | - D. B. Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - F. De Vignemont
- Département d’études Cognitives, Institut Jean Nicod, ENS, EHESS, CNRS, PSL University, Paris, France
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4
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Blanco S, Mitra S, Howard C, Sumich A. Psychological trauma, mood and social isolation do not explain elevated dissociation in functional neurological disorder (FND). PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Wu YY, Chou WH. Smartphone addiction, gender and interpersonal attachment: A cross-sectional analytical survey in Taiwan. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076231177134. [PMID: 37256009 PMCID: PMC10226168 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231177134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Overview Smartphone use has dramatically increased worldwide, contributing to a profound change in interpersonal interactions. They have become the primary medium of human interaction, and smartphone addiction, consequently, has become a modern-day reality. Recent research on smartphone addiction has provided diverse explanations regarding the correlation between gender and addiction. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the correlation and variance among smartphone addiction, gender and interpersonal attachment. Methods The participants included Taiwanese citizens and the questionnaires were randomly distributed; 1190 valid questionnaires (534 males, 656 females) were collected. Descriptive statistics were computed to observe the average value and standard deviation between interpersonal attachment and gender. Next, Spearman's ρ was conducted to interpret the correlation among smartphone addiction, gender and interpersonal attachment. Finally, the participants were divided into three groups based on their pre-determined level of smartphone addiction: high, moderate and low addictions. The Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed based on interpersonal attachment as the independent variable to determine any statistically significant difference among the three levels. Results There are four patterns of interpersonal attachment: secure, avoidant, dismissing and anxious attachments. The correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between interpersonal attachment and smartphone addiction (p > 0.000), while revealing no relationship between gender and smartphone addiction or gender and interpersonal attachment. Additionally, the ANOVA indicated the difference was statistically significant in the groups of high and moderate addictions; no statistical significance was identified in the group of low addiction (p < 0.204). Conclusion This study revealed that there was no correlation between gender and smartphone addiction, but rather, a positive correlation between smartphone addiction and interpersonal attachment. This positive correlation suggests both high and moderate addiction groups display insecurity in their interpersonal attachment. Therefore, to lower the prevalence of unhealthy smartphone addiction, maintaining healthy interpersonal relationships is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ying Wu
- Graduate School of Design, National Yunlin University of Science and
Technology, Douliou
| | - Wen-Huei Chou
- Department of Digital Media Design, National Yunlin University of Science and
Technology, Douliou
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6
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Acunzo DJ, Terhune DB, Sharma A, Hickey CM. Absorption and dissociation mediate the relationship between direct verbal suggestibility and impulsivity/compulsivity. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2022; 231:103793. [PMID: 36402087 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct verbal suggestibility refers to the capacity for an individual to experience perceptual, motor, affective and cognitive changes in response to verbal suggestions. Suggestibility is characterized by pronounced, yet reliable, inter-individual differences. Previous research and theoretical considerations suggest that greater impulsivity and compulsivity is associated to higher suggestibility, but the characteristics and mediating factors of this association are poorly understood. Using established psychometric measures in an online sample, we found positive correlations between the domain comprising impulsivity, compulsivity and behavioural activation, and the domain of suggestibility, dissociation and absorption. We also observed that dissociation and absorption mediated the link between suggestibility and impulsivity, and between suggestibility and behavioural activation, respectively. These results confirm the positive link between suggestibility and the impulsivity/compulsivity domain and shed new light on the characterisation of traits associated with suggestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Acunzo
- Centre for Human Brain Health, Department of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - Devin B Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, New Cross, London SE14 6NW, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Ankita Sharma
- Human Neuroscience intercalated programme, Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Clayton M Hickey
- Centre for Human Brain Health, Department of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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Abstract
This article presents French norms for the online version of the Sussex-Waterloo Scale of Hypnotizability. This scale is an online adaptation of the well-established Waterloo-Stanford Group C Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility: with both behavioral and subjective scores. Insofar as hypnotizability (the ability to respond to suggestions in a hypnotic context) varies substantially in the general population and remains generally stable throughout life, it is important to measure it in experiments using hypnotic suggestion. However, these scales are time consuming, as they often require multiple sessions to achieve a suitable sample size for subsequent participant screening. One promising route for overcoming this inconvenience is to perform hypnotizability assessment online. The Sussex-Waterloo Scale of Hypnotizability is the first to have demonstrated the viability of online measurement. The authors demonstrate that their translation of this scale yields similar statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Apelian
- Institut Jean Nicod, Département d'études cognitives, ENS, EHESS, CNRS, PSL University, Paris, France.,ARCHE Formation, Paris, France
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8
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Millman LSM, Hunter ECM, David AS, Orgs G, Terhune DB. Assessing responsiveness to direct verbal suggestions in depersonalization-derealization disorder. Psychiatry Res 2022; 315:114730. [PMID: 35870293 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The dissociative disorders and germane conditions are reliably characterized by elevated responsiveness to direct verbal suggestions. However, it remains unclear whether atypical responsiveness to suggestion is similarly present in depersonalization-derealization disorder (DDD). 55 DDD patients and 36 healthy controls completed a standardised behavioural measure of direct verbal suggestibility that includes a correction for compliant responding (BSS-C), and psychometric measures of depersonalization-derealization (CDS), mindfulness (FFMQ), imagery vividness (VVIQ), and anxiety (GAD-7). Relative to controls, patients did not exhibit elevated suggestibility (g = 0.26, BF10 = .11) but displayed significantly lower mindfulness (g = 1.38), and imagery vividness (g = 0.63), and significantly greater anxiety (g = 1.39). Although suggestibility did not correlate with severity of depersonalization-derealization symptoms in controls, r = -.03 [95% CI: -.36, .30], there was a weak tendency for a positive association in patients, r = .25, [95% CI: -.03, .48]. Exploratory analyses revealed that patients with more severe anomalous bodily experiences were also more responsive to suggestion, an effect not seen in controls. This study demonstrates that DDD is not characterized by elevated responsiveness to direct verbal suggestions. These results have implications for the aetiology and treatment of this condition, as well as its classification as a dissociative disorder in psychiatric nosology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Merritt Millman
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, 8 Lewisham Way, New Cross, London SE14 6NW, United Kingdom.
| | - Elaine C M Hunter
- Institute of Mental Health, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Rd, Fitzrovia, London W1T 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony S David
- Institute of Mental Health, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Rd, Fitzrovia, London W1T 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Guido Orgs
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, 8 Lewisham Way, New Cross, London SE14 6NW, United Kingdom
| | - Devin B Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, 8 Lewisham Way, New Cross, London SE14 6NW, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AB, United Kingdom
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9
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Wieder L, Brown RJ, Thompson T, Terhune DB. Hypnotic suggestibility in dissociative and related disorders: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 139:104751. [PMID: 35760389 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Elevated responsiveness to verbal suggestions is hypothesized to represent a predisposing factor for dissociative disorders (DDs) and related conditions. However, the magnitude of this effect has not been estimated in these populations nor has the potential moderating influence of methodological limitations on effect size variability across studies. This study assessed whether patients with DDs, trauma- and stressor-related disorders (TSDs), and functional neurological disorder (FND) display elevated hypnotic suggestibility. A systematic literature search identified 20 datasets. A random-effects meta-analysis revealed that patients displayed greater hypnotic suggestibility than controls, Hedges's g=0.92 [0.66, 1.18]. This effect was observed in all subgroups but was most pronounced in the DDs. Although there was some evidence for publication bias, a bias-corrected estimate of the group effect remained significant, g=0.57 [0.30, 0.85]. Moderation analyses did not yield evidence for a link between effect sizes and methodological limitations. These results demonstrate that DDs and related conditions are characterized by elevated hypnotic suggestibility and have implications for the mechanisms, risk factors, and treatment of dissociative psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Wieder
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
| | - Richard J Brown
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Psychotherapy Services, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, UK
| | - Trevor Thompson
- Centre for Chronic Illness and Ageing, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - Devin B Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK; Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
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10
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Geagea D, Griffin B, Kimble R, Polito V, Terhune DB, Tyack Z. Hypnotherapy for procedural pain, itch, and state anxiety in children with acute burns: a feasibility and acceptability study protocol. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2022; 8:58. [PMID: 35264248 PMCID: PMC8905723 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-022-01017-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Burns and related procedures are painful and distressing for children, exposing them to acute and chronic sequelae that can negatively affect their physiological, psychological, and social functions. Non-pharmacological interventions such as distraction techniques are beneficial adjuncts to pharmacological agents for procedural pain, state anxiety, and itch in children with burns but have limitations (e.g. lack of research on burn-related itch, tailoring, and consensus on optimal treatment). Hypnotherapy is a non-pharmacological intervention that can be tailored for varied settings and populations with evidence of benefit for itch and superior effectiveness in comparison to other non-pharmacological interventions for children’s procedural pain and state anxiety. Thus, children with burns can benefit from hypnotherapy as an adjunct to pharmacological agents. Yet, in paediatric burns, rigorous studies of effectiveness are limited and no studies have been identified that screen for hypnotic suggestibility, an important predictor of hypnotherapy outcomes. Considering potential barriers to the delivery of hypnotherapy in paediatric burns, the proposed study will examine the feasibility and acceptability of hypnotic suggestibility screening followed by hypnotherapy for procedural pain, state anxiety, and itch in children with acute burns. Methods An observational mixed-methods feasibility and acceptability study will be conducted over 15 weeks. Eligible children (N = 30) aged 4 to 16 years presenting to a paediatric burns outpatient centre in a metropolitan children’s hospital in Australia with acute burns requiring dressing changes will be included. Eligible parents of children (N = up to 30) and clinicians who perform dressing changes (N = up to 20) will also be included. Child participants screened as having medium to high suggestibility as assessed by behavioural measures will receive hypnotherapy during dressing changes. A process evaluation will target feasibility and acceptability as primary outcomes and implementation (i.e. fidelity in delivery), reach, potential effectiveness, and adoption of evaluation procedures and intervention as secondary outcomes. Discussion Ethical approval was obtained from the Queensland Children’s Hospital and Health Service ethics committee. Results will be published in peer-reviewed publications and conference proceedings. The findings will guide the design of future trials on the effectiveness of hypnotherapy and inform the development of child-centred hypnotic interventions in children with burns. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12620000988954 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40814-022-01017-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Geagea
- Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, Centre for Children's Health Research, Level 7, 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia. .,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4067, Australia.
| | - Bronwyn Griffin
- Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, Centre for Children's Health Research, Level 7, 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia.,Faculty of Health, School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4058, Australia.,Pegg Leditschke Paediatric Burns Centre, The Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Roy Kimble
- Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, Centre for Children's Health Research, Level 7, 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4067, Australia.,Faculty of Health, School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4058, Australia.,Pegg Leditschke Paediatric Burns Centre, The Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Vince Polito
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Devin B Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths University of London, London, SE14 6NW, UK
| | - Zephanie Tyack
- Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, Centre for Children's Health Research, Level 7, 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4067, Australia.,Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation (AusHSI) and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
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11
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Lynn SJ, Polizzi C, Merckelbach H, Chiu CD, Maxwell R, van Heugten D, Lilienfeld SO. Dissociation and Dissociative Disorders Reconsidered: Beyond Sociocognitive and Trauma Models Toward a Transtheoretical Framework. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2022; 18:259-289. [PMID: 35226824 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-102424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
For more than 30 years, the posttraumatic model (PTM) and the sociocognitive model (SCM) of dissociation have vied for attention and empirical support. We contend that neither perspective provides a satisfactory account and that dissociation and dissociative disorders (e.g., depersonalization/derealization disorder, dissociative identity disorder) can be understood as failures of normally adaptive systems and functions. We argue for a more encompassing transdiagnostic and transtheoretical perspective that considers potentially interactive variables including sleep disturbances; impaired self-regulation and inhibition of negative cognitions and affects; hyperassociation and set shifts; and deficits in reality testing, source attributions, and metacognition. We present an overview of the field of dissociation, delineate uncontested and converging claims across perspectives, summarize key multivariable studies in support of our framework, and identify empirical pathways for future research to advance our understanding of dissociation, including studies of highly adverse events and dissociation. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, Volume 18 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Jay Lynn
- Psychology Department, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA;
| | - Craig Polizzi
- Psychology Department, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA;
| | - Harald Merckelbach
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Chui-De Chiu
- Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Reed Maxwell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Dalena van Heugten
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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12
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Taxometric evidence for a dimensional latent structure of hypnotic suggestibility. Conscious Cogn 2022; 98:103269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2022.103269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Parsons RD, Bergmann S, Wiech K, Terhune DB. Direct Verbal Suggestibility as a Predictor of Placebo Hypoalgesia Responsiveness. Psychosom Med 2021; 83:1041-1049. [PMID: 34297008 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reliably identifying good placebo responders has pronounced implications for basic research on, and clinical applications of, the placebo response. Multiple studies point to direct verbal suggestibility as a potentially valuable predictor of individual differences in placebo responsiveness, but previous research has produced conflicting results on this association. METHODS In two double-blind studies, we examined whether behavioral direct verbal suggestibility measures involving a correction for compliance would be associated with individual differences in responsiveness to conditioned and unconditioned placebo hypoalgesia using an established placebo analgesia paradigm. In study 1 (n = 57; mean [standard deviation] age = 23.7 [8.1] years; 77% women), we used behavioral hypnotic suggestibility as a predictor of placebo hypoalgesia induced through conditioning and verbal suggestion, whereas in study 2 (n = 78; mean [standard deviation] = 26.1 [7.4] years; 65% women), we measured nonhypnotic suggestibility and placebo hypoalgesia induced through verbal suggestion without conditioning. RESULTS In study 1, the placebo hypoalgesia procedure yielded a moderate placebo response (g = 0.63 [95% confidence interval = 0.32 to 0.97]), but the response magnitude did not significantly correlate with hypnotic suggestibility (rs = 0.11 [-0.17 to 0.37]). In study 2, the placebo procedure did not yield a significant placebo response across the full sample (g = 0.11 [-0.11 to 0.33]), but the magnitude of individual placebo responsiveness significantly correlated with nonhypnotic suggestibility (rs = 0.27 [0.03 to 0.48]). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the extent to which direct verbal suggestibility captures variability in placebo responsiveness depends on the use of conditioning and highlights the utility of suggestibility as a potential contributing factor to placebo responding when placebo hypoalgesia is induced through verbal suggestions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Parsons
- From the Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths (Parsons, Bergmann, Terhune), University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (Parsons), University of Bath, Bath, England; and Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging & Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Wiech), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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14
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Hypnotic predictors of agency: Responsiveness to specific suggestions in hypnosis is associated with involuntariness in fibromyalgia. Conscious Cogn 2021; 96:103221. [PMID: 34695719 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2021.103221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypnosis is associated with alterations in the sense of agency which can play a role in its utilization as a nonpharmacological option for pain management. The goal of the current study was to examine the relationships between responsiveness to suggestions in hypnosis and alterations of the sense of agency among patients with fibromyalgia. Ninety-eight participants with fibromyalgia underwent two hypnotizability assessments followed by the Sense of Agency Rating Scale. Clinical pain measures were also collected. Involuntariness was predicted by responsiveness to control, ideomotor, and dissociation suggestions. Effortlessness was predicted by responsiveness to control and ideomotor suggestions, and age. Hypnotizability was associated with main clinical pain outcomes, but agency alterations were not. Results suggest a shared mechanism between responsiveness to specific suggestions and the sense of agency in hypnosis. We discuss theoretical and clinical implications for pain management and the need for further research.
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15
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Acunzo DJ, Oakley DA, Terhune DB. The neurochemistry of hypnotic suggestion. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL HYPNOSIS 2021; 63:355-371. [PMID: 33999774 DOI: 10.1080/00029157.2020.1865869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A diverse array of studies has been devoted to understanding the neurochemical systems supporting responsiveness to hypnotic suggestions, with implications for experimental and clinical applications of hypnosis. However, this body of research has only rarely been integrated and critically evaluated and the prospects for the reliable pharmacological manipulation of hypnotic suggestibility remain poorly understood. Here we draw on pharmacological, genotyping, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological research to synthesize current knowledge regarding the potential role of multiple widely-studied neurochemicals in response to suggestion. Although we reveal multiple limitations with this body of evidence, we identify converging results implicating different neurochemical systems in response to hypnotic suggestion. We conclude by assessing the extent to which different results align or diverge and outline multiple avenues for future research. Elucidating the neurochemical systems underlying response to suggestion has the potential to significantly advance our understanding of suggestion.
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16
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Halsband U, Wolf TG. Current neuroscientific research database findings of brain activity changes after hypnosis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL HYPNOSIS 2021; 63:372-388. [PMID: 33999768 DOI: 10.1080/00029157.2020.1863185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Using multi-modal brain imaging techniques we found pronounced changes in neuronal activity after hypnotic trance induction whereby state changes seem to occur synchronously with the specific induction instructions. In clinical patients, hypnosis proved to be a powerful method in inhibiting the reaction of the fear circuitry structures. The aim of the present paper is to critically discuss the limitations of the current neuroscientific research database in the light of a debate in defining relevant hypnotic constructs and to suggest ideas for future research projects. We discuss the role of hypnotic suggestibility (HS), the impact of hypnotic inductions and the importance of the depth of hypnotic trance. We argue that future research on brain imaging studies on the effects of hypnosis and hypnotherapy should focus on the analysis of individual cross-network activation patterns. A most promising approach is to simultaneously include physiological parameters linked to cognitive, somatic, and behavioral effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Gerhard Wolf
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Finn MTM, McKernan LC. Styles of Experiencing Hypnosis: A Replication and Extension Study. Int J Clin Exp Hypn 2020; 68:289-305. [PMID: 32281913 DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2020.1749520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Beyond hypnotizability, there may be different styles of experiencing hypnosis relevant to both basic research and clinical practice. Previous research has demonstrated the presence of inward attentive and dissociative subtypes among more highly hypnotizable individuals during a group protocol. With a sample of undergraduate students, we successfully replicated the presence of these 2 subtypes among those who were relatively more hypnotizable. Inward attentive and dissociative subtypes did not differ in their overall experience of the depth of the relationship with the hypnotist, though the dissociative subjects reported elevated everyday dissociative experiences. We then explored features of each subtype, noting possible altered memory experience in the dissociative style and reduced experience of rationality in both the inward attentive and dissociative styles. We discuss the scientific and clinical implications of this line of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T M Finn
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lindsey C McKernan
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Acunzo D, Cardeña E, Terhune DB. Anomalous experiences are more prevalent among highly suggestible individuals who are also highly dissociative. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2020; 25:179-189. [PMID: 31955650 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2020.1715932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Predictive coding models propose that high hypnotic suggestibility confers a predisposition to hallucinate due to an elevated propensity to weight perceptual beliefs (priors) over sensory evidence. Multiple lines of research corroborate this prediction and demonstrate a link between hypnotic suggestibility and proneness to anomalous perceptual states. However, such effects might be moderated by dissociative tendencies, which seem to account for heterogeneity in high hypnotic suggestibility. We tested the prediction that the prevalence of anomalous experiences would be greater among highly suggestible individuals who are also highly dissociative.Methods: We compared high and low dissociative highly suggestible participants and low suggestible controls on multiple psychometric measures of anomalous experiences.Results: High dissociative highly suggestible participants reliably reported greater anomalous experiences than low dissociative highly suggestible participants and low suggestible controls, who did not significantly differ from each other.Conclusions: These results suggest a greater predisposition to experience anomalous perceptual states among high dissociative highly suggestible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Acunzo
- Centre for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Etzel Cardeña
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Devin B Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
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Möller TJ, Braun N, Thöne AK, Herrmann CS, Philipsen A. The Senses of Agency and Ownership in Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:474. [PMID: 32581864 PMCID: PMC7296131 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) not only experience a strong instability in their affect and interpersonal relations but also disturbances in their self-experience, including dissociation and body-alienation symptoms. It is not yet understood whether an altered sense of ownership (SoO) or sense of agency (SoA) may contribute to these disturbances. One recent hypothesis is that patients with BPD have a reduced sense of self and are therefore more likely to misattribute external objects or actions to their own self than healthy individuals. The present study followed up this hypothesis by investigating whether BPD patients have a more flexible body representation than healthy participants. More specifically, the active rubber hand illusion (aRHI) was applied to 21 patients with BPD and the same number of healthy participants. Using established subjective, electrodermal, and behavioral measures, the participants' SoO and SoA were assessed during the aRHI. The findings show self-reported evidence for higher SoO under anatomical hand congruency as compared to anatomical incongruency, but no evidence for group differences between BPD patients and healthy participants. This finding is inconsistent with previous findings of an enhanced SoO-related body plasticity in BPD patients. Regarding SoA, the findings show self-report evidence of higher SoA in BPD patients versus healthy participants, although this group difference was not evident in the implicit SoA measure (intentional binding). In summary, the present study only reveals partial evidence for a higher body plasticity in BPD patients. Instead, the observed variability in results appears better explainable by some generally elevated perceptual suggestibility of BPD individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Julian Möller
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental Psychology Lab, Department for Psychology, Faculty for Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Niclas Braun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty for Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Thöne
- School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph S Herrmann
- Experimental Psychology Lab, Department for Psychology, Faculty for Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Philipsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Abstract
In recent years, many adolescents in Nepal have been affected by episodes of mass psychogenic illness, which seem to involve dissociative symptoms. To identify the potential contributors to dissociation, the present study examined correlates of dissociative experiences among adolescents in Nepal. In a cross-sectional survey, 314 adolescents were assessed with the Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale and measures of childhood trauma exposure, as well as cognitive and personality traits found to be associated with dissociation in studies on other populations. Path analysis confirmed that childhood trauma, cognitive and personality traits, and current distress each predicted dissociative experiences and behaviors. However, an integrated path model found that the effect of childhood trauma on dissociation was mediated either by posttraumatic stress symptoms or by cognitive failures. Future studies should develop and test multifactorial models of dissociation and multiple pathways.
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