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Zinellu A, Mangoni AA. The potential role of serum amyloid A as biomarker of rheumatic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:141. [PMID: 38951267 PMCID: PMC11217051 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The identification of novel, robust biomarkers for the diagnosis of rheumatic diseases (RDs) and the presence of active disease might facilitate early treatment and the achievement of favourable long-term outcomes. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating the acute phase reactant, serum amyloid A (SAA), in RD patients and healthy controls to appraise its potential as diagnostic biomarker. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to 10 April 2024 for relevant studies. We evaluated the risk of bias and the certainty of evidence using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist and GRADE, respectively (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024537418). In 32 studies selected for analysis, SAA concentrations were significantly higher in RD patients compared to controls (SMD = 1.61, 95% CI 1.24-1.98, p < 0.001) and in RD patients with active disease compared to those in remission (SMD = 2.17, 95% CI 1.21-3.13, p < 0.001). Summary receiving characteristics curve analysis showed a good diagnostic accuracy of SAA for the presence of RDs (area under the curve = 0.81, 95% CI 0.78-0.84). The effect size of the differences in SAA concentrations between RD patients and controls was significantly associated with sex, body mass index, type of RD, and study country. Pending the conduct of prospective studies in different types of RDs, the results of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that SAA is a promising biomarker for the diagnosis of RDs and active disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia.
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Potter R, Ayala M, Tilevik A. Identification of biomarker candidates for exfoliative glaucoma from autoimmunity profiling. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:44. [PMID: 38287276 PMCID: PMC10826272 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exfoliative glaucoma (XFG) is a subtype of open-angle glaucoma characterized by distinctive extracellular fibrils and a yet unknown pathogenesis potentially involving immune-related factors. The aim of this exploratory study was to identify biomarkers for XFG using data from autoimmunity profiling performed on blood samples from a Scandinavian cohort of patients. METHODS Autoantibody screening was analyzed against 258 different protein fragments in blood samples taken from 30 patients diagnosed with XFG and 30 healthy donors. The 258 protein fragments were selected based on a preliminary study performed on 3072 randomly selected antigens and antigens associated with the eye. The "limma" package was used to perform moderated t-tests on the proteomic data to identify differentially expressed reactivity between the groups. RESULTS Multiple associated genes were highlighted as possible biomarker candidates including FUT2, CDH5, and the LOX family genes. Using seven variables, our binary logistic regression model was able to classify the cases from the controls with an AUC of 0.85, and our reduced model using only one variable corresponding to the FUT2 gene provided an AUC of 0.75, based on LOOCV. Furthermore, over-representation gene analysis was performed to identify pathways that were associated with antigens differentially bound to self-antibodies. This highlighted the enrichment of pathways related to collagen fibril formation and the regulatory molecules mir-3176 and mir-876-5p. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests several potential biomarkers that may be useful in developing further models of the pathology of XFG. In particular, CDH5, FUT2, and the LOX family seem to have a relationship which merits additional exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Potter
- Systems Biology Research Centre, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden.
- Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Marcelo Ayala
- Skaraborgs Sjukhus, Skövde, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet: Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andreas Tilevik
- Systems Biology Research Centre, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
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3
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Mangoni AA, Zinellu A. The diagnostic role of the systemic inflammation index in patients with immunological diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:27. [PMID: 38285324 PMCID: PMC10824868 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01294-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The identification of novel, easily measurable biomarkers of inflammation might enhance the diagnosis and management of immunological diseases (IDs). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate an emerging biomarker derived from the full blood count, the systemic inflammation index (SII), in patients with IDs and healthy controls. We searched Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science from inception to 12 December 2023 for relevant articles and evaluated the risk of bias and the certainty of evidence using the Joanna Briggs Checklist and the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Working Group system, respectively. In 16 eligible studies, patients with IDs had a significantly higher SII when compared to controls (standard mean difference, SMD = 1.08, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.41, p < 0.001; I2 = 96.2%, p < 0.001; moderate certainty of evidence). The pooled area under the curve (AUC) for diagnostic accuracy was 0.85 (95% CI 0.82-0.88). In subgroup analysis, the effect size was significant across different types of ID, barring systemic lupus erythematosus (p = 0.20). In further analyses, the SII was significantly higher in ID patients with active disease vs. those in remission (SMD = 0.81, 95% CI 0.34-1.27, p < 0.001; I2 = 93.6%, p < 0.001; moderate certainty of evidence). The pooled AUC was 0.74 (95% CI 0.70-0.78). Our study suggests that the SII can effectively discriminate between subjects with and without IDs and between ID patients with and without active disease. Prospective studies are warranted to determine whether the SII can enhance the diagnosis of IDs in routine practice. (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023493142).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arduino A Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford ParkAdelaide, SA, 5042, Australia.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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4
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Preglej T, Brinkmann M, Steiner G, Aletaha D, Göschl L, Bonelli M. Advanced immunophenotyping: A powerful tool for immune profiling, drug screening, and a personalized treatment approach. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1096096. [PMID: 37033944 PMCID: PMC10080106 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1096096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Various autoimmune diseases are characterized by distinct cell subset distributions and activation profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). PBMCs can therefore serve as an ideal biomarker material, which is easily accessible and allows for screening of multiple cell types. A detailed understanding of the immune landscape is critical for the diagnosis of patients with autoimmune diseases, as well as for a personalized treatment approach. In our study, we investigate the potential of multi-parameter spectral flow cytometry for the identification of patients suffering from autoimmune diseases and its power as an evaluation tool for in vitro drug screening approaches (advanced immunophenotyping). We designed a combination of two 22-color immunophenotyping panels for profiling cell subset distribution and cell activation. Downstream bioinformatics analyses included percentages of individual cell populations and median fluorescent intensity of defined markers which were then visualized as heatmaps and in dimensionality reduction approaches. In vitro testing of epigenetic immunomodulatory drugs revealed an altered activation status upon treatment, which supports the use of spectral flow cytometry as a high-throughput drug screening tool. Advanced immunophenotyping might support the exploration of novel therapeutic drugs and contribute to future personalized treatment approaches in autoimmune diseases and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lisa Göschl
- *Correspondence: Lisa Göschl, ; Michael Bonelli,
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Flevaris K, Kontoravdi C. Immunoglobulin G N-glycan Biomarkers for Autoimmune Diseases: Current State and a Glycoinformatics Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095180. [PMID: 35563570 PMCID: PMC9100869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The effective treatment of autoimmune disorders can greatly benefit from disease-specific biomarkers that are functionally involved in immune system regulation and can be collected through minimally invasive procedures. In this regard, human serum IgG N-glycans are promising for uncovering disease predisposition and monitoring progression, and for the identification of specific molecular targets for advanced therapies. In particular, the IgG N-glycome in diseased tissues is considered to be disease-dependent; thus, specific glycan structures may be involved in the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases. This study provides a critical overview of the literature on human IgG N-glycomics, with a focus on the identification of disease-specific glycan alterations. In order to expedite the establishment of clinically-relevant N-glycan biomarkers, the employment of advanced computational tools for the interpretation of clinical data and their relationship with the underlying molecular mechanisms may be critical. Glycoinformatics tools, including artificial intelligence and systems glycobiology approaches, are reviewed for their potential to provide insight into patient stratification and disease etiology. Challenges in the integration of such glycoinformatics approaches in N-glycan biomarker research are critically discussed.
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Murphy AC, Wechsler ME, Peppas NA. Recent Advancements in Biosensing Approaches for Screening and Diagnostic Applications. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021; 19:100318. [PMID: 34458653 PMCID: PMC8389739 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2021.100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in molecular recognition have provided additional diagnostic and treatment approaches for multiple diseases, including autoimmune disorders and cancers. Research investigating how the composition of biological fluids is altered during disease progression, including differences in the expression of the small molecules, proteins, RNAs, and other components present in patient tears, saliva, blood, urine, or other fluids, has provided a wealth of potential candidates for early disease screening; however, adoption of biomarker screening into clinical settings has been challenged by the need for more robust, low-cost, and high-throughput assays. This review examines current approaches in molecular recognition and biosensing for the quantification of biomarkers for disease screening and diagnostic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Murphy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, 78712, USA
| | - Marissa E Wechsler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Nicholas A Peppas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, 78712, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, 78712, USA
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, 78712, USA
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, 78712, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, 78723, USA
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Gomez Hernandez MP, Starman EE, Davis AB, Harishchandra Hikkaduwa Withanage M, Zeng E, Lieberman SM, Brogden KA, Lanzel EA. A distinguishing profile of chemokines, cytokines, and biomarkers in the saliva of children with Sjögren's syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:4765-4777. [PMID: 33512494 PMCID: PMC8487313 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective SS is an autoimmune disease most commonly diagnosed in adults but can occur in children. Our objective was to assess the presence of chemokines, cytokines and biomarkers (CCBMs) in saliva from these children that were associated with lymphocyte and mononuclear cell functions. Methods Saliva was collected from 11 children diagnosed with SS prior to age 18 years and 16 normal healthy children. A total of 105 CCBMs were detected in multiplex microparticle-based immunoassays. ANOVA and t test (0.05 level) were used to detect differences. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was used to assess whether elevated CCBMs were in annotations associated with immune system diseases and select leukocyte activities and functions. Machine learning methods were used to evaluate the predictive power of these CCBMs for SS and were measured by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under curve (AUC). Results Of the 105 CCBMs detected, 43 (40.9%) differed in children with SS from those in healthy study controls (P < 0.05) and could differentiate the two groups (P < 0.05). Elevated CCBMs in IPA annotations were associated with autoimmune diseases and with leukocyte chemotaxis, migration, proliferation, and regulation of T cell activation. The best AUC value in ROC analysis was 0.93, indicating that there are small numbers of CCBMs that may be useful for diagnosis of SS. Conclusion While 35 of these 43 CCBMs have been previously reported in SS, 8 CCBMs had not. Additional studies focusing on these CCBMs may provide further insight into disease pathogenesis and may contribute to diagnosis of SS in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily E Starman
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Andrew B Davis
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | | | - Erliang Zeng
- Division of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Scott M Lieberman
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics-Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Kim A Brogden
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Emily A Lanzel
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
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Serifova X, Ugarte-Berzal E, Opdenakker G, Vandooren J. Homotrimeric MMP-9 is an active hitchhiker on alpha-2-macroglobulin partially escaping protease inhibition and internalization through LRP-1. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3013-3026. [PMID: 31642940 PMCID: PMC11104829 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteolysis is a crucial process in life, tightly controlled by numerous natural protease inhibitors. In human blood, alpha-2-macroglobulin is an emergency protease inhibitor preventing coagulation and damage to endothelia and leukocytes. With the use of a unique protease trapping mechanism, alpha-2-macroglobulin lures active proteases into its snap-trap, shields these from potential substrates and 'flags' their complex for elimination by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Matrix metalloprotease-9/gelatinase B is a secreted protease increased in blood of patients with inflammations, vascular disorders and cancers. Matrix metalloprotease-9 occurs as monomers and stable homotrimers, but the reason for their co-existence remains obscure. We discovered that matrix metalloprotease-9 homotrimers undergo reduced anti-proteolytic regulation by alpha-2-macroglobulin and are able to travel as a proteolytically active hitchhiker on alpha-2-macroglobulin. As a comparison, we revealed that monomeric active matrix metalloprotease-9 is efficiently trapped by human plasma alpha-2-macroglobulin and this masks the detection of activated matrix metalloprotease-9 with standard analysis techniques. In addition, we show that alpha-2-macroglobulin/trimer complexes escape clearance through the receptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1, also known as the alpha-2-macroglobulin receptor. Thus, the biochemistry and biology of matrix metalloprotease-9 monomers and trimers are completely different as multimerization enables active matrix metalloprotease-9 to partially avoid alpha-2-macroglobulin regulation both by direct protease inhibition and by removal from the extracellular space by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Finally, for the biomarker field, the analysis of alpha-2-macroglobulin/protease complexes with upgraded technology is advocated as a quotum for protease activation in human plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xena Serifova
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Bus 1044, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Estefania Ugarte-Berzal
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Bus 1044, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Bus 1044, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jennifer Vandooren
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Bus 1044, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Lodde V, Murgia G, Simula ER, Steri M, Floris M, Idda ML. Long Noncoding RNAs and Circular RNAs in Autoimmune Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1044. [PMID: 32674342 PMCID: PMC7407480 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune responses are essential for the clearance of pathogens and the repair of injured tissues; however, if these responses are not properly controlled, autoimmune diseases can occur. Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are a family of disorders characterized by the body's immune response being directed against its own tissues, with consequent chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Despite enormous efforts to identify new drug targets and develop new therapies to prevent and ameliorate AD symptoms, no definitive solutions are available today. Additionally, while substantial progress has been made in drug development for some ADs, most treatments only ameliorate symptoms and, in general, ADs are still incurable. Hundreds of genetic loci have been identified and associated with ADs by genome-wide association studies. However, the whole list of molecular factors that contribute to AD pathogenesis is still unknown. Noncoding (nc)RNAs, such as microRNAs, circular (circ)RNAs, and long noncoding (lnc)RNAs, regulate gene expression at different levels in various diseases, including ADs, and serve as potential drug targets as well as biomarkers for disease progression and response to therapy. In this review, we will focus on the potential roles and genetic regulation of ncRNA in four autoimmune diseases-systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Lodde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/b, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (V.L.); (G.M.); (E.R.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Giampaolo Murgia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/b, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (V.L.); (G.M.); (E.R.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Elena Rita Simula
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/b, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (V.L.); (G.M.); (E.R.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Maristella Steri
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, SS554 km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato-Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Matteo Floris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/b, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (V.L.); (G.M.); (E.R.S.); (M.F.)
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, SS554 km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato-Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Maria Laura Idda
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Tavakolpour S. Towards personalized medicine for patients with autoimmune diseases: Opportunities and challenges. Immunol Lett 2017; 190:130-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Steinmetz C, Kashyap A, Zhivkova N, Alizor H, Ernst I, Gottfried-Brand D, Janssen H, Teufel A, Schulze-Bergkamen H, Lotz J, Kuball J, Theobald M, Heise M, Lang H, Galle PR, Strand D, Strand S. Activation of silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 by human chorionic gonadotropin exerts a therapeutic effect on hepatic injury and inflammation. Hepatology 2017; 65:2074-2089. [PMID: 28108987 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Incidence and prevalence of inflammatory liver diseases has increased over the last years, but therapeutic options are limited. Pregnancy induces a state of immune tolerance, which can result in spontaneous improvement of clinical symptoms of certain autoimmune diseases including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). We investigated the immune-suppressive mechanisms of the human pregnancy hormone, chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), in the liver. hCG signaling activates silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1), which deacetylates forkhead box o3 (FOXO3a), leading to repression of proapoptotic gene expression, because the immunosuppressive consequence attributed to the absence of caspase-3 activity of hepatocellular interleukin 16 (IL-16) is no longer processed and released. Thus, serum levels of IL-16, a key chemotactic factor for CD4+ lymphocytes, were reduced and migration to injured hepatocytes prevented. Furthermore, elevated IL-16 levels are found in the sera from patients with AIH, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. CONCLUSION Here, we report that hCG regulates the SIRT1/FOXO3a axis in hepatocytes, resulting in immune suppression by attenuating caspase-3-dependent IL-16 processing and release, which concomitantly prevents autoaggressive T-cell infiltration of the liver. Considering the low toxicity profile of hCG in humans, interrupting the inflammatory cycle by hCG opens new perspectives for therapeutic intervention of inflammatory liver diseases. (Hepatology 2017;65:2074-2089).
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Steinmetz
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anubha Kashyap
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nataliya Zhivkova
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Henry Alizor
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Isabell Ernst
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Henning Janssen
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Teufel
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Lotz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kuball
- Department of Immunology, Department of Hematology and Van Creveld Clinic University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Theobald
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Heise
- General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hauke Lang
- General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter R Galle
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dennis Strand
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Strand
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Sheu MJ, Chiu CC, Yang DJ, Hsu TC, Tzang BS. The Root Extract of Gentiana macrophylla Pall. Alleviates B19-NS1-Exacerbated Liver Injuries in NZB/W F1 Mice. J Med Food 2017; 20:56-64. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jen Sheu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ching Chiu
- Department of Neurology, Chunghua Christian Hospital, Chunghua, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, Chunghua Christian Hospital, Chunghua, Taiwan
| | - Deng-Jye Yang
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ching Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Show Tzang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Interstitial Space. Protein Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/9781315374307-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Zhang L, Tong S, Zhou J, Bao G. Accurate Quantification of Disease Markers in Human Serum Using Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-linked Immunosorbent Assay. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:1353-61. [PMID: 27375784 PMCID: PMC4924504 DOI: 10.7150/thno.16093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate and reliable quantification of biomarkers in the blood is essential in disease screening and diagnosis. Here we describe an iron oxide nanoparticle (IONP)-linked immunosorbent assay (ILISA) for detecting biomolecules in human serum. Sandwich ILISA was optimized for the detection of four important serological markers, IgA, IgG, IgM, and C-reactive protein (CRP), and assessed with normal sera, simulated disease-state sera and the serum samples from patients infected with West Nile virus (WNV) or human herpes virus (HHV). Our study shows that using the detection assay formulated with 18.8 nm wüstite nanocrystals, ILISA can achieve sub-picomolar detection sensitivity, and all four markers can be accurately quantified over a large dynamic range. In addition, ILISA is not susceptible to variations in operating procedures and shows better linearity and higher stability compared with ELISA, which facilitates its integration into detection methods suitable for point of care. Our results demonstrate that ILISA is a simple and versatile nanoplatform for highly sensitive and reliable detection of serological biomarkers in biomedical research and clinical applications.
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Lebel R, Lepage M. A comprehensive review on controls in molecular imaging: lessons from MMP-2 imaging. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2015; 9:187-210. [PMID: 24700747 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metalloproteinases (MMPs), including MMP-2, play critical roles in tissue remodeling and are involved in a large array of pathologies, including cancer, arthritis and atherosclerosis. Their prognostic value warranted a large investment or resources in the development of noninvasive detection methods, based on probes for many current clinical and pre-clinical imaging modalities. However, the potential of imaging techniques is only matched by the complexity of the data they generate. This complexity must be properly assessed and accounted for in the early steps of probe design and testing in order to accurately determine the efficacy and efficiency of an imaging strategy. This review proposes basic rules for the evaluation of novel probes by addressing the specific case of MMP targeted probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réjean Lebel
- Centre d'imagerie moléculaire de Sherbrooke, Département de médecine nucléaire et radiobiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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16
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Schepetkin IA, Kirpotina LN, Hammaker D, Kochetkova I, Khlebnikov AI, Lyakhov SA, Firestein GS, Quinn MT. Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Joint Protection in Collagen-Induced Arthritis after Treatment with IQ-1S, a Selective c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Inhibitor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 353:505-16. [PMID: 25784649 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.220251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) participate in many physiologic and pathologic processes, including inflammatory diseases. We recently synthesized the sodium salt of IQ-1S (11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one oxime) and demonstrated that it is a high-affinity JNK inhibitor and inhibits murine delayed-type hypersensitivity. Here we show that IQ-1S is highly specific for JNK and that its neutral form is the most abundant species at physiologic pH. Molecular docking of the IQ-1S syn isomer into the JNK1 binding site gave the best pose, which corresponded to the position of cocrystallized JNK inhibitor SP600125 (1,9-pyrazoloanthrone). Evaluation of the therapeutic potential of IQ-1S showed that it inhibited matrix metalloproteinase 1 and 3 gene expression induced by interleukin-1β in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes and significantly attenuated development of murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Treatment with IQ-1S either before or after induction of CIA resulted in decreased clinical scores, and joint sections from IQ-1S-treated CIA mice exhibited only mild signs of inflammation and minimal cartilage loss compared with those from control mice. Collagen II-specific antibody responses were also reduced by IQ-1S treatment. By contrast, the inactive ketone derivative 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one had no effect on CIA clinical scores or collagen II-specific antibody titers. IQ-1S treatment also suppressed proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels in joints and lymph node cells. Finally, treatment with IQ-1S increased the number of Foxp3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells in lymph nodes. Thus, IQ-1S can reduce inflammation and cartilage loss associated with CIA and can serve as a small-molecule modulator for mechanistic studies of JNK function in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana (I.A.S., L.N.K., I.K., M.T.Q.); Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California (D.H., G.S.F.); Department of Chemistry, Altai State Technical University, Barnaul, Russia (A.I.K.); Department of Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia (A.I.K.); and A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine (S.A.L.)
| | - Liliya N Kirpotina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana (I.A.S., L.N.K., I.K., M.T.Q.); Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California (D.H., G.S.F.); Department of Chemistry, Altai State Technical University, Barnaul, Russia (A.I.K.); Department of Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia (A.I.K.); and A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine (S.A.L.)
| | - Deepa Hammaker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana (I.A.S., L.N.K., I.K., M.T.Q.); Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California (D.H., G.S.F.); Department of Chemistry, Altai State Technical University, Barnaul, Russia (A.I.K.); Department of Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia (A.I.K.); and A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine (S.A.L.)
| | - Irina Kochetkova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana (I.A.S., L.N.K., I.K., M.T.Q.); Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California (D.H., G.S.F.); Department of Chemistry, Altai State Technical University, Barnaul, Russia (A.I.K.); Department of Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia (A.I.K.); and A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine (S.A.L.)
| | - Andrei I Khlebnikov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana (I.A.S., L.N.K., I.K., M.T.Q.); Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California (D.H., G.S.F.); Department of Chemistry, Altai State Technical University, Barnaul, Russia (A.I.K.); Department of Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia (A.I.K.); and A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine (S.A.L.)
| | - Sergey A Lyakhov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana (I.A.S., L.N.K., I.K., M.T.Q.); Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California (D.H., G.S.F.); Department of Chemistry, Altai State Technical University, Barnaul, Russia (A.I.K.); Department of Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia (A.I.K.); and A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine (S.A.L.)
| | - Gary S Firestein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana (I.A.S., L.N.K., I.K., M.T.Q.); Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California (D.H., G.S.F.); Department of Chemistry, Altai State Technical University, Barnaul, Russia (A.I.K.); Department of Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia (A.I.K.); and A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine (S.A.L.)
| | - Mark T Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana (I.A.S., L.N.K., I.K., M.T.Q.); Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California (D.H., G.S.F.); Department of Chemistry, Altai State Technical University, Barnaul, Russia (A.I.K.); Department of Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia (A.I.K.); and A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine (S.A.L.)
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17
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Tanzer C, Sampson DL, Broadbent JA, Cuttle L, Kempf M, Kimble RM, Upton Z, Parker TJ. Evaluation of haemoglobin in blister fluid as an indicator of paediatric burn wound depth. Burns 2015; 41:1114-21. [PMID: 25637955 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The early and accurate assessment of burns is essential to inform patient treatment regimens; however, this first critical step in clinical practice remains a challenge for specialist burns clinicians worldwide. In this regard, protein biomarkers are a potential adjunct diagnostic tool to assist experienced clinical judgement. Free circulating haemoglobin has previously shown some promise as an indicator of burn depth in a murine animal model. Using blister fluid collected from paediatric burn patients, haemoglobin abundance was measured using semi-quantitative Western blot and immunoassays. Although a trend was observed in which haemoglobin abundance increased with burn wound severity, several patient samples deviated significantly from this trend. Further, it was found that haemoglobin concentration decreased significantly when whole cells, cell debris and fibrinous matrix was removed from the blister fluid by centrifugation; although the relationship to depth was still present. Statistical analyses showed that haemoglobin abundance in the fluid was more strongly related to the time between injury and sample collection and the time taken for spontaneous re-epithelialisation. We hypothesise that prolonged exposure to the blister fluid microenvironment may result in an increased haemoglobin abundance due to erythrocyte lysis, and delayed wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Tanzer
- Tissue Repair and Regeneration Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Wound Management Innovation Co-operative Research Centre, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Dayle L Sampson
- Tissue Repair and Regeneration Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Wound Management Innovation Co-operative Research Centre, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - James A Broadbent
- Tissue Repair and Regeneration Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Wound Management Innovation Co-operative Research Centre, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Leila Cuttle
- Tissue Repair and Regeneration Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Margit Kempf
- Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Roy M Kimble
- Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Zee Upton
- Tissue Repair and Regeneration Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Tony J Parker
- Tissue Repair and Regeneration Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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18
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Karussis D. The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and the various related demyelinating syndromes: a critical review. J Autoimmun 2014; 48-49:134-42. [PMID: 24524923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), is a chronic disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by loss of motor and sensory function, that results from immune-mediated inflammation, demyelination and subsequent axonal damage. MS is one of the most common causes of neurological disability in young adults. Several variants of MS (and CNS demyelinating syndromes in general) have been nowadays defined in an effort to increase the diagnostic accuracy, to identify the unique immunopathogenic profile and to tailor treatment in each individual patient. These include the initial events of demyelination defined as clinically or radiologically isolated syndromes (CIS and RIS respectively), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and its variants (acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis-AHL, Marburg variant, and Balo's concentric sclerosis), Schilder's sclerosis, transverse myelitis, neuromyelitis optica (NMO and NMO spectrum of diseases), recurrent isolated optic neuritis and tumefactive demyelination. The differentiation between them is not only a terminological matter but has important implications on their management. For instance, certain patients with MS and prominent immunopathogenetic involvement of B cells and autoantibodies, or with the neuromyelitic variants of demyelination, may not only not respond well but even deteriorate under some of the first-line treatments for MS. The unique clinical and neuroradiological features, along with the immunological biomarkers help to distinguish these cases from classical MS. The use of such immunological and imaging biomarkers, will not only improve the accuracy of diagnosis but also contribute to the identification of the patients with CIS or RIS who, are at greater risk for disability progression (worse prognosis) or, on the contrary, will have a more benign course. This review summarizes in a critical way, the diagnostic criteria (historical and updated) and the definitions/characteristics of MS of the various variants/subtypes of CNS demyelinating syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Karussis
- Department of Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Center and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, Israel.
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Tavares Da Silva F, De Keyser F, Lambert PH, Robinson WH, Westhovens R, Sindic C. Optimal approaches to data collection and analysis of potential immune mediated disorders in clinical trials of new vaccines. Vaccine 2013; 31:1870-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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20
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Tsai CC, Chiu CC, Hsu JD, Hsu HS, Tzang BS, Hsu TC. Human parvovirus B19 NS1 protein aggravates liver injury in NZB/W F1 mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59724. [PMID: 23555760 PMCID: PMC3605340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human parvovirus B19 (B19) has been associated with a variety of diseases. However, the influence of B19 viral proteins on hepatic injury in SLE is still obscure. To elucidate the effects of B19 viral proteins on livers in SLE, recombinant B19 NS1, VP1u or VP2 proteins were injected subcutaneously into NZB/W F1 mice, respectively. Significant expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were detected in NZB/W F1 mice receiving B19 NS1 as compared to those mice receiving PBS. Markedly hepatocyte disarray and lymphocyte infiltration were observed in livers from NZB/WF 1 mice receiving B19 NS1 as compared to those mice receiving PBS. Additionally, significant increases of Tumor Necrosis Factor -α (TNF-α), TNF-α receptor, IκB kinase -α (IKK-α), nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor (IκB) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) were detected in livers from NZB/W F1 mice receiving B19 NS1 as compared to those mice receiving PBS. Accordingly, significant increases of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) and U-plasminogen activator (uPA) were also detected in livers from NZB/W F1 mice receiving B19 NS1 as compared to those mice receiving PBS. Contrarily, no significant variation on livers from NZB/W F1 mice receiving B19 VP1u or VP2 was observed as compared to those mice receiving PBS. These findings firstly demonstrated the aggravated effects of B19 NS1 but not VP1u or VP2 protein on hepatic injury and provide a clue in understanding the role of B19 NS1 on hepatic injury in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chou Tsai
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ching Chiu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology and Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, Chunghua Christian Hospital, Chunghua, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Dong Hsu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Sheng Hsu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Show Tzang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (BST); (TCH)
| | - Tsai-Ching Hsu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (BST); (TCH)
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21
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Stoop MP, Rosenling T, Attali A, Meesters RJW, Stingl C, Dekker LJ, van Aken H, Suidgeest E, Hintzen RQ, Tuinstra T, van Gool A, Luider TM, Bischoff R. Minocycline effects on the cerebrospinal fluid proteome of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis rats. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:4315-25. [PMID: 22768796 DOI: 10.1021/pr300428e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To identify response biomarkers for pharmaceutical treatment of multiple sclerosis, we induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats and treated symptomatic animals with minocycline. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected 14 days after EAE induction at the peak of neurological symptoms, and proteomics analysis was performed using nano-LC-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Additionally, the minocycline concentration in CSF was determined using quantitative matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS/MS) in the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. Fifty percent of the minocycline-treated EAE animals did not show neurological symptoms on day 14 ("responders"), while the other half displayed neurological symptoms ("nonresponders"), indicating that minocycline delayed disease onset and attenuated disease severity in some, but not all, animals. Neither CSF nor plasma minocycline concentrations correlated with the onset of symptoms or disease severity. Analysis of the proteomics data resulted in a list of 20 differentially abundant proteins between the untreated animals and the responder group of animals. Two of these proteins, complement C3 and carboxypeptidase B2, were validated by quantitative LC-MS/MS in the SRM mode. Differences in the CSF proteome between untreated EAE animals and minocycline-treated responders were similar to the differences between minocycline-treated responders and nonresponders (70% overlap). Six proteins that remained unchanged in the minocycline-treated animals but were elevated in untreated EAE animals may be related to the mechanism of action of minocycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel P Stoop
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Kim KS, Lee YA, Choi HM, Yoo MC, Yang HI. Implication of MMP-9 and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in the activation of pro-matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13. Rheumatol Int 2011; 32:3069-75. [PMID: 21913037 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-011-2095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether the expression and activation of pro-matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 varies from that of pro-MMP-13 in the joint fluid of osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. To do this, joint fluid was collected from 34 RA and 34 OA patients. The collagenase (pro-MMP-1 and MMP-13, total MMP-1, and MMP-13), gelatinase (total MMP-2 and MMP-9), stromelysin (total MMP-3), matrilysin (total MMP-7), uPA, and tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP) levels were measured by ELISA. The level of total MMP-1 in RA joint fluids was similar to that of the OA joint fluid. In contrast, the level of total MMP-13 in the RA group was significantly higher than that of the OA group. Among various MMPs (MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, and MMP-9), only MMP-9 was strongly associated with total MMP-13 in both RA and OA. The level of uPA was also strongly associated with MMP-13 in RA but not OA, while the level of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 was not significantly different between RA and OA. In conclusion, MMP-9 and uPA might be involved in the activation of pro-MMP-13 through unknown mechanisms in arthritic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Soo Kim
- East-West Bone and Joint Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at KANGDONG, 149 Sangil-dong, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 134-727, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Smolen JS, Boers M, Abadie EC, Breedveld FC, Emery P, Bardin T, Goel N, Ethgen DJ, Avouac BP, Dere WH, Durez P, Matucci-Cerinic M, Flamion B, Laslop A, Lekkerkerker FJ, Miossec P, Mitlak BH, Ormarsdóttir S, Paolozzi L, Rao R, Reiter S, Tsouderos Y, Reginster JY. Recommendations for an update of 2003 European regulatory requirements for registration of drugs to be used in the treatment of RA. Curr Med Res Opin 2011; 27:315-25. [PMID: 21142618 DOI: 10.1185/03007995.2010.542135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Since 2003, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) document, 'Points to consider on clinical investigation of medicinal products other than NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis' has provided guidance for the clinical development of both biologic and non-biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). In the last few years, several new products have been developed or are in development for the treatment of RA, which offer significant efficacy with regard to disease control, including prevention of structural damage and disability. Concurrently, novel insights have been gained with respect to the assessment of disease activity, joint damage and disability. New treatment strategies have been established which relate to early therapy, tight control and rapid switching of medication. Accordingly, several new EULAR/ACR recommendations have been or are being developed. Several important additions and changes are needed in the 2003 guidance to incorporate the current scientific knowledge into clinical trial design for the development of future products. Under the auspices of the Group for the Respect of Ethics and Excellence in Science (GREES), a group of experts in the field of RA and clinical trial design met to provide a consensus recommendation for an update to the 2003 EMA guidance document.
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Horstman LL, Jy W, Ahn YS, Zivadinov R, Maghzi AH, Etemadifar M, Steven Alexander J, Minagar A. Role of platelets in neuroinflammation: a wide-angle perspective. J Neuroinflammation 2010; 7:10. [PMID: 20128908 PMCID: PMC2829540 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-7-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review summarizes recent developments in platelet biology relevant to neuroinflammatory disorders. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is taken as the "Poster Child" of these disorders but the implications are wide. The role of platelets in inflammation is well appreciated in the cardiovascular and cancer research communities but appears to be relatively neglected in neurological research. ORGANIZATION After a brief introduction to platelets, topics covered include the matrix metalloproteinases, platelet chemokines, cytokines and growth factors, the recent finding of platelet PPAR receptors and Toll-like receptors, complement, bioactive lipids, and other agents/functions likely to be relevant in neuroinflammatory diseases. Each section cites literature linking the topic to areas of active research in MS or other disorders, including especially Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSION The final section summarizes evidence of platelet involvement in MS. The general conclusion is that platelets may be key players in MS and related disorders, and warrant more attention in neurological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence L Horstman
- Wallace Coulter Platelet Laboratory, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Wenche Jy
- Wallace Coulter Platelet Laboratory, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Yeon S Ahn
- Wallace Coulter Platelet Laboratory, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Robert Zivadinov
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, The Jacobs Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo NY, USA
| | - Amir H Maghzi
- Department of Neurology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoud Etemadifar
- Department of Neurology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - J Steven Alexander
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Alireza Minagar
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
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Brettschneider J, Jaskowski TD, Tumani H, Abdul S, Husebye D, Seraj H, Hill HR, Fire E, Spector L, Yarden J, Dotan N, Rose JW. Serum anti-GAGA4 IgM antibodies differentiate relapsing remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis from primary progressive multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases. J Neuroimmunol 2009; 217:95-101. [PMID: 19879655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2009.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2009] [Revised: 07/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The serum level of IgM antibodies against Glc(alpha1,4)Glc(alpha) (GAGA4) is higher in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) compared to other neurological disease (OND) patients and healthy controls (HC). Detecting the level of anti-GAGA4 antibody by enzyme immunoassay and total IgM, we confirmed that anti-GAGA4 IgM can differentiate RRMS from OND patients and HC. Moreover, secondary progressive MS (SPMS) and RRMS patients have similar levels of anti-GAGA4 demonstrating the biomarker's presence throughout the disease. Interestingly, the anti-GAGA4 assay may also differentiate between primary progressive MS (PPMS) and RRMS/SPMS patients, since nearly all PPMS patients were negative for the assay.
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Deardorff R, Spinale FG. Cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases as potential biomarkers in chronic heart failure. Biomark Med 2009; 3:513-523. [PMID: 20161487 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.09.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is accompanied by the upregulation of bioactive signaling molecules, known as cytokines, and a family of downstream proteases, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). It is now apparent that these molecules contribute to adverse myocardial remodeling during HF. Elevated levels of cytokines and MMPs exist in the myocardium and can subsequently spill over into the systemic circulation. The purpose of this article is to examine clinical studies of HF that have quantified levels of different types of cytokines, MMPs and endogenous tissue inhibitors of MMPs in relation to this disease process. HF is a complex syndrome that can develop from various etiologies and can be characterized into two distinct phenotypes: systolic and diastolic. This article will present recent clinical studies that have identified significant differences between the cytokine and MMP circulating profile of systolic and diastolic HF patients. In general, elevated levels of cytokines and MMPs exist in systolic HF patients when compared with diastolic HF patients, whereas diastolic HF patients have elevated levels of cytokines and MMPs when compared with controls. Therefore, future studies distinguishing between HF phenotypes may provide more consistent results in determining possible analytes to be used as biomarkers. Furthermore, this article will emphasize why standardization of analytical techniques and establishment of referent cytokine and MMP levels are necessary if these analytes are to be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis and evaluation of treatment in the context of HF.
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Inoue S, Hashiguchi M, Takagi K, Kawai S, Mochizuki M. Preliminary study to identify the predictive factors for the response to methotrexate therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2009; 129:843-9. [PMID: 19571519 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.129.843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To identify the major factors predicting the response to Methotrexate (MTX) therapy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, we evaluated the relationship between the response to MTX and factors such as the concentration of MTX-polyglutamates (MTX-PGs) in erythrocytes (RBCs), genotypes of thymidylate synthase (TYMS) 5'-UTR (2R/3R) and 3'-UTR (-6/+6), 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C, and other patient-related factors. Thirty-six Japanese RA patients were enrolled in this cohort study. The concentrations of MTX-PGs in RBCs were measured, and polymorphisms were determined using PCR-RFLP method. As an indicator of the accumulated capacity of MTX-PGs in the RBCs of each patient, the MTX dose/MTX-PGs (AC-MPG, l/week) was calculated. The response to MTX therapy was assessed using the MTX dose for a>or=50% decrease in CRP level (MTX dose for 50%CRP, mg/week), and the relationships between MTX dose for 50%CRP and various other factors were evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis. The MTX dose was 6.9+/-0.3 mg/week and the MTX-PGs concentration in RBCs was 97.3+/-8.1 nmol/l (n=36, blood samples=95, mean+/-S.D.). The range of MTX dose for 50%CRP was 2.0-13.0 mg/week. Most individual AC-MPG levels showed no change during the evaluation period (coefficient of variation=5.9%). Based on the results of multiple linear regression analysis, AC-MPG, TYMS 3'-UTR (-6/+6), and ESR at the start of MTX therapy were associated with the MTX dose for 50%CRP. AC-MPG, TYMS 3'-UTR (-6/+6), and ESR might be the major predictive factors for the response to MTX therapy in Japanese RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachie Inoue
- Division for Evaluation and Analysis of Drug Information, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
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van den Broek T, Tesser JRP, Albani S. The evolution of biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis: From clinical research to clinical care. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2008; 8:1773-85. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.8.11.1773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Peterson CA, Heffernan ME. Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations are negatively correlated with serum 25(OH)D concentrations in healthy women. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2008; 5:10. [PMID: 18652680 PMCID: PMC2503979 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-5-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2007] [Accepted: 07/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Circulating 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH)D), an accurate measure of vitamin D status, is markedly greater in individuals with increased exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) light via sunlight or the use of artificial UV light. Aside from the known relationship between vitamin D and bone, vitamin D has also been implicated in immune function and inflammation. Furthermore, a mass of evidence is accumulating that vitamin D deficiency could lead to immune malfunction. Our overall objective was to study the relationship between vitamin D status (as determined by serum 25(OH) D concentrations) and inflammatory markers in healthy women. Methods This observational study included 69 healthy women, age 25–82 years. Women with high UVB exposure and women with minimal UVB exposure were specifically recruited to obtain a wide-range of serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Health, sun exposure and habitual dietary intake information were obtained from all subjects. Body composition was determined by dual-energy-x-ray absorptiometry. A fasting blood sample was collected in the morning and analyzed for serum 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone (iPTH), estradiol (E2), cortisol, and inflammatory markers [tumor necrosis factor -alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 and -10 (IL-6, IL-10), and C-reactive protein (CRP)]. Results Women with regular UVB exposure (Hi-D) had serum 25(OH)D concentrations that were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) and iPTH concentrations that were significantly lower (p < 0.0001) than women without regular UVB exposure (Lo-D). Although IL-6, IL-10, and CRP did not have a statistically significant relationship with 25(OH)D concentrations, linear regression models revealed a significant inverse relationship between serum 25(OH)D and TNF-α concentrations. This relationship remained significant after controlling for potential covariates such as body fat mass, menopausal status, age, or hormonal contraceptive use. Conclusion Serum 25(OH)D status is inversely related to TNF-α concentrations in healthy women, which may in part explain this vitamin's role in the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases. Results gleaned from this investigation also support the need to re-examine the biological basis for determining optimal vitamin D status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Mary E Heffernan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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Gontsarova A, Kaufmann E, Tumani H, Dressel A, Mandel F, Wiesmüller KH, Kunert-Keil C, Brinkmeier H. Glutaminyl cyclase activity is a characteristic feature of human cerebrospinal fluid. Clin Chim Acta 2008; 389:152-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2007.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2007] [Revised: 12/11/2007] [Accepted: 12/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Castellazzi M, Tamborino C, Fainardi E, Manfrinato MC, Granieri E, Dallocchio F, Bellini T. Effects of anticoagulants on the activity of gelatinases. Clin Biochem 2007; 40:1272-6. [PMID: 17904541 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2007.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Revised: 07/16/2007] [Accepted: 08/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the best procedure for preanalytical blood collection in the determination of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 by testing the effects of anticoagulants on their activity. DESIGN AND METHODS Active forms of both gelatinases were measured by specific activity assay systems in serum, plasma EDTA, plasma-heparin and plasma-citrate obtained from 20 healthy volunteers, as well as in a pooled serum sample before and after anticoagulant treatment. RESULTS : Active MMP-2 and MMP-9 mean concentrations were similar in serum and in plasma-citrate, higher in plasma EDTA than in serum, in plasma-heparin and in plasma-citrate, and lower in plasma-heparin than in serum and plasma-citrate. A similar trend was observed in untreated and treated pooled serum samples. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that MMP-2 and MMP-9 in their active forms are not released by platelets during blood clotting, whereas the use of calcium chelating anticoagulants can profoundly alter the activity of endogenous gelatinases. This suggests that the determination of active forms of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in serum samples represents a suitable procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Castellazzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Communication and Behaviour, Section of Neurology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara I-44100, Italy.
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Kool J, Reubsaet L, Wesseldijk F, Maravilha RT, Pinkse MW, D'Santos CS, van Hilten JJ, Zijlstra FJ, Heck AJR. Suction blister fluid as potential body fluid for biomarker proteins. Proteomics 2007; 7:3638-50. [PMID: 17890648 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200600938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis is important for effective disease management. Measurement of biomarkers present at the local level of the skin could be advantageous in facilitating the diagnostic process. The analysis of the proteome of suction blister fluid, representative for the interstitial fluid of the skin, is therefore a desirable first step in the search for potential biomarkers involved in biological pathways of particular diseases. Here, we describe a global analysis of the suction blister fluid proteome as potential body fluid for biomarker proteins. The suction blister fluid proteome was compared with a serum proteome analyzed using identical protocols. By using stringent criteria allowing less than 1% false positive identifications, we were able to detect, using identical experimental conditions and amount of starting material, 401 proteins in suction blister fluid and 240 proteins in serum. As a major result of our analysis we construct a prejudiced list of 34 proteins, relatively highly and uniquely detected in suction blister fluid as compared to serum, with established and putative characteristics as biomarkers. We conclude that suction blister fluid might potentially serve as a good alternative biomarker body fluid for diseases that involve the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Kool
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Mwale F, Wang HT, Petit A, Girard-Lauriault PL, Hunter CJ, Ouellet JA, Wertheimer MR, Antoniou J. The effect of novel nitrogen-rich plasma polymer coatings on the phenotypic profile of notochordal cells. Biomed Eng Online 2007; 6:33. [PMID: 17822560 PMCID: PMC2018722 DOI: 10.1186/1475-925x-6-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2007] [Accepted: 09/06/2007] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The loss of the notochordal cells from the nucleus pulposus is associated with ageing and disc degeneration. However, understanding the mechanisms responsible for the loss of these cells has been hampered in part due to the difficulty of culturing and maintaining their phenotype. Furthermore, little is known about the influence of the substratum on the molecular markers of notochordal cells. METHODS Notochordal cells were isolated from lumbar spine of non-chondrodystrophoid dogs and cultured on N-rich plasma polymer layers, so-called "PPE:N" (N-doped plasma-polymerised ethylene, containing up to 36% [N]) surfaces, for 3, 7 or 14 days. Gene expression of vimentin (VIM), pleiotrophin (PTN), matrix Gla protein (MGP), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), keratin 18 (KRT 18), aggrecan (AGG), collagen type 1 (COL1A2), collagen type 2 (COL2A1) was analyzed through semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS Notochordal cells were maintained in culture on PPE:N for up to 14 days with no loss in cell viability. Except for VIM, gene expression varied depending on the culture periods and [N] concentration of the substratum. Generally, PPE:N surfaces altered gene expression significantly when cells were cultured for 3 or 7 days. CONCLUSION The present study has shown that notochordal cells from dogs can attach to and grow on PPE:N surfaces. Analysis of the expression of different genes in these cells cultured on different N-functionalized surfaces indicates that cellular behaviour is gene-specific and time-dependent. Further studies are required to better understand the roles of specific surface functionalities on receptor sites, and their effects on cellular phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fackson Mwale
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, 3755, Chemin de la Cote Ste-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Hong Tian Wang
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, 3755, Chemin de la Cote Ste-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Alain Petit
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, 3755, Chemin de la Cote Ste-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | | | - Christopher J Hunter
- McCaig Centre for Joint Injury and Arthritis Research, Department of Civil Engineering, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jean A Ouellet
- Montreal Children Hospital, 2300 Tupper Street, Room C-521, Montréal, QC H3H 1P3, Canada
| | - Michael R Wertheimer
- Department of Engineering Physics, Ecole Polytechnique, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - John Antoniou
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, 3755, Chemin de la Cote Ste-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
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Smith JM, Shen Z, Wira CR, Fanger MW, Shen L. Effects of Menstrual Cycle Status and Gender on Human Neutrophil Phenotype. Am J Reprod Immunol 2007; 58:111-9. [PMID: 17631004 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2007.00494.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM The effects of gender and fluctuating ovarian hormones on neutrophil phenotype have yet to be characterized. METHOD OF STUDY Neutrophils from females at days 7, 14, 21, and 28 of the menstrual cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry for surface receptor, granule protein, and intracellular cytokine expression. Comparisons were made to neutrophils from males isolated at 7-day intervals during 1 month. RESULTS Decreased MMP-9 and TNF-alpha expression by neutrophils from females was observed during the periovulatory period. Comparing the genders, cells from females during the periovulatory period expressed less CD11b and CD18 than those from males. CXCR1 surface levels were higher on neutrophils from female donors. CONCLUSIONS Neutrophil phenotype varies minimally during the menstrual cycle and between the genders. Our data provide support for a potential anti-inflammatory effect of ovarian hormones on neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Smith
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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Morozzi G, Fabbroni M, Bellisai F, Pucci G, Galeazzi M. Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein Level in Rheumatic Diseases: Potential Use as a Marker for Measuring Articular Cartilage Damage and/or the Therapeutic Efficacy of Treatments. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1108:398-407. [PMID: 17894003 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1422.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) is a tissue-specific noncollagenous protein that was first detected in the serum and the synovial fluid of patients suffering from rheumatic disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, reactive arthritis, juvenile chronic arthritis, and osteoarthritis. In this review, the authors consider serum COMP levels in different diseases and discuss their study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with anti-TNF-alpha, to evaluate whether COMP is able to predict a rapid and sustained clinical response to these drugs. They observe that patients with high COMP levels have a lower ACR 70 response independently of the state of systemic inflammation, and conclude that COMP seems to have a pathogenetic role that is independent of the mechanisms regulating inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Morozzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Immunology, Rheumatology Section, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
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Mannello F, Tonti GAM, Canestrari F. The `never-ending story' of the influence of blood specimen collection methods affecting the concentration, the zymographic profile and the usefulness of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in multiple sclerosis diagnosis/prognosis: a landmark for limiting the misuse of serum samples. Mult Scler 2007; 13:687-90. [PMID: 17548455 DOI: 10.1177/1352458506072492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Scholler N, Garvik B, Quarles T, Jiang S, Urban N. Method for generation of in vivo biotinylated recombinant antibodies by yeast mating. J Immunol Methods 2006; 317:132-43. [PMID: 17113097 PMCID: PMC1784068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2006.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Revised: 09/13/2006] [Accepted: 10/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe here a novel method for generation of yeast-secreted, in vivo biotinylated recombinant antibodies, or biobodies. Biobodies are secreted by diploid yeast resulting from the fusion of two haploid yeast of opposite mating type. One yeast carries a cDNA encoding an antibody recognition sequence fused to an IgA1 hinge and a biotin acceptor site (BCCP) at the C-terminus; the other carries a cDNA encoding an E. coli biotin ligase (BirA) fused to KEX2 golgi-localization sequences, so that BirA can catalyze the biotin transfer to the recognition sequence-fused BCCP within the yeast secretory compartment. We illustrate this technology with biobodies against HE4, a biomarker for ovarian carcinoma. Anti-HE4 biobodies were derived from clones or pools of anti-HE4-specific yeast-display scFv, constituting respectively monoclonal (mBb) or polyclonal (pBb) biobodies. Anti-HE4 biobodies were secreted directly biotinylated thus bound to labeled-streptavidin and streptavidin-coated surfaces without Ni-purification. Anti-HE4 biobodies demonstrated specificity and sensitivity by ELISA assays, flow cytometry analysis and Western blots prior to any maturation; dissociation equilibrium constants as measured by surface plasmon resonance sensor were of K(d)=4.8 x 10(-9) M and K(d)=5.1 x 10(-9) M before and after Ni-purification respectively. Thus, yeast mating permits cost-effective generation of biotinylated recombinant antibodies of high affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Scholler
- Translational Outcomes Research Group, Molecular Diagnostics Program, Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.
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