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Neumann S, Casjens S, Hoffmeyer F, Rühle K, Gamrad-Streubel L, Haase LM, Rudolph KK, Giesen J, Neumann V, Taeger D, Pallapies D, Birk T, Brüning T, Bünger J. Club cell protein (CC16) in serum as an effect marker for small airway epithelial damage caused by diesel exhaust and blasting fumes in potash mining. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2024; 97:121-132. [PMID: 38110551 PMCID: PMC10876725 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-023-02035-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effect marker club cell protein (CC16) is secreted by the epithelium of the small respiratory tract into its lumen and passes into the blood. Increased amounts of CC16 in serum are observed during acute epithelial lung injury due to air pollutants. CC16 in serum was determined as part of this cross-sectional study in underground potash miners on acute and chronic health effects from exposures to diesel exhaust and blasting fumes. METHODS Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and diesel particulate matter were measured in 672 workers at a German potash mining site on a person-by-person basis over an early shift or midday shift, together with CC16 serum concentrations before and after the respective shift. CC16 concentrations and CC16 shift-differences were evaluated with respect to personal exposure measurements and other quantitative variables by Spearman rank correlation coefficients. CC16 shift-differences were modeled using multiple linear regression. Above-ground workers as reference group were compared to the exposed underground workers. RESULTS Serum concentrations of CC16 were influenced by personal characteristics such as age, smoking status, and renal function. Moreover, they showed a circadian rhythm. While no statistically significant effects of work-related exposure on CC16 concentrations were seen in never smokers, such effects were evident in current smokers. CONCLUSION The small airways of current smokers appeared to be vulnerable to the combination of measured work-related exposures and individual exposure to smoking. Therefore, as health protection of smokers exposed to diesel exhaust and blasting fumes, smoking cessation is strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savo Neumann
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Swaantje Casjens
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Frank Hoffmeyer
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Katrin Rühle
- Environment and Health, Ramboll Deutschland GmbH, City Tower-Limbecker Platz 1, 45127, Essen, Germany
| | - Lisa Gamrad-Streubel
- Environment and Health, Ramboll Deutschland GmbH, City Tower-Limbecker Platz 1, 45127, Essen, Germany
| | - Lisa-Marie Haase
- Environment and Health, Ramboll Deutschland GmbH, City Tower-Limbecker Platz 1, 45127, Essen, Germany
| | - Katharina K Rudolph
- Environment and Health, Ramboll Deutschland GmbH, City Tower-Limbecker Platz 1, 45127, Essen, Germany
| | - Jörg Giesen
- Institute for the Research on Hazardous Substances (IGF), 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Volker Neumann
- Institute for the Research on Hazardous Substances (IGF), 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dirk Taeger
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dirk Pallapies
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Birk
- Environment and Health, Ramboll Deutschland GmbH, City Tower-Limbecker Platz 1, 45127, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bünger
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
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Iannuzo N, Welfley H, Li NC, Johnson MDL, Rojas-Quintero J, Polverino F, Guerra S, Li X, Cusanovich DA, Langlais PR, Ledford JG. CC16 drives VLA-2-dependent SPLUNC1 expression. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1277582. [PMID: 38053993 PMCID: PMC10694244 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1277582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale CC16 (Club Cell Secretory Protein) is a protein produced by club cells and other non-ciliated epithelial cells within the lungs. CC16 has been shown to protect against the development of obstructive lung diseases and attenuate pulmonary pathogen burden. Despite recent advances in understanding CC16 effects in circulation, the biological mechanisms of CC16 in pulmonary epithelial responses have not been elucidated. Objectives We sought to determine if CC16 deficiency impairs epithelial-driven host responses and identify novel receptors expressed within the pulmonary epithelium through which CC16 imparts activity. Methods We utilized mass spectrometry and quantitative proteomics to investigate how CC16 deficiency impacts apically secreted pulmonary epithelial proteins. Mouse tracheal epithelial cells (MTECS), human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) and mice were studied in naïve conditions and after Mp challenge. Measurements and main results We identified 8 antimicrobial proteins significantly decreased by CC16-/- MTECS, 6 of which were validated by mRNA expression in Severe Asthma Research Program (SARP) cohorts. Short Palate Lung and Nasal Epithelial Clone 1 (SPLUNC1) was the most differentially expressed protein (66-fold) and was the focus of this study. Using a combination of MTECs and HNECs, we found that CC16 enhances pulmonary epithelial-driven SPLUNC1 expression via signaling through the receptor complex Very Late Antigen-2 (VLA-2) and that rCC16 given to mice enhances pulmonary SPLUNC1 production and decreases Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) burden. Likewise, rSPLUNC1 results in decreased Mp burden in mice lacking CC16 mice. The VLA-2 integrin binding site within rCC16 is necessary for induction of SPLUNC1 and the reduction in Mp burden. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate a novel role for CC16 in epithelial-driven host defense by up-regulating antimicrobials and define a novel epithelial receptor for CC16, VLA-2, through which signaling is necessary for enhanced SPLUNC1 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Iannuzo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Holly Welfley
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Stefano Guerra
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Xingnan Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Precision Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Darren A. Cusanovich
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Paul R. Langlais
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Julie G. Ledford
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, Tucson, AZ, United States
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3
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Raby KL, Michaeloudes C, Tonkin J, Chung KF, Bhavsar PK. Mechanisms of airway epithelial injury and abnormal repair in asthma and COPD. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1201658. [PMID: 37520564 PMCID: PMC10374037 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1201658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium comprises of different cell types and acts as a physical barrier preventing pathogens, including inhaled particles and microbes, from entering the lungs. Goblet cells and submucosal glands produce mucus that traps pathogens, which are expelled from the respiratory tract by ciliated cells. Basal cells act as progenitor cells, differentiating into different epithelial cell types, to maintain homeostasis following injury. Adherens and tight junctions between cells maintain the epithelial barrier function and regulate the movement of molecules across it. In this review we discuss how abnormal epithelial structure and function, caused by chronic injury and abnormal repair, drives airway disease and specifically asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In both diseases, inhaled allergens, pollutants and microbes disrupt junctional complexes and promote cell death, impairing the barrier function and leading to increased penetration of pathogens and a constant airway immune response. In asthma, the inflammatory response precipitates the epithelial injury and drives abnormal basal cell differentiation. This leads to reduced ciliated cells, goblet cell hyperplasia and increased epithelial mesenchymal transition, which contribute to impaired mucociliary clearance and airway remodelling. In COPD, chronic oxidative stress and inflammation trigger premature epithelial cell senescence, which contributes to loss of epithelial integrity and airway inflammation and remodelling. Increased numbers of basal cells showing deregulated differentiation, contributes to ciliary dysfunction and mucous hyperproduction in COPD airways. Defective antioxidant, antiviral and damage repair mechanisms, possibly due to genetic or epigenetic factors, may confer susceptibility to airway epithelial dysfunction in these diseases. The current evidence suggests that a constant cycle of injury and abnormal repair of the epithelium drives chronic airway inflammation and remodelling in asthma and COPD. Mechanistic understanding of injury susceptibility and damage response may lead to improved therapies for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Louise Raby
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - James Tonkin
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pankaj Kumar Bhavsar
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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van der Burg N, Stenberg H, Ekstedt S, Diamant Z, Bornesund D, Ankerst J, Kumlien Georén S, Cardell LO, Bjermer L, Erjefält J, Tufvesson E. Neutrophil phenotypes in bronchial airways differentiate single from dual responding allergic asthmatics. Clin Exp Allergy 2023; 53:65-77. [PMID: 35437872 PMCID: PMC10083921 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Allergic asthmatics with both an early (EAR) and a late allergic reaction (LAR) following allergen exposure are termed 'dual responders' (DR), while 'single responders' (SR) only have an EAR. Mechanisms that differentiate DR from SR are largely unknown, particularly regarding the role and phenotypes of neutrophils. Therefore, we aimed to study neutrophils in DR and SR asthmatics. METHODS Thirty-four allergic asthmatics underwent an inhaled allergen challenge, samples were collected before and up to 24 h post-challenge. Cell differentials were counted from bronchial lavage, alveolar lavage and blood; and tissue neutrophils were quantified in immune-stained bronchial biopsies. Lavage neutrophil nuclei lobe segmentation was used to classify active (1-4 lobes) from suppressive neutrophils (≥5 lobes). Levels of transmigration markers: soluble (s)CD62L and interleukin-1Ra, and activity markers: neutrophil elastase (NE), DNA-histone complex and dsDNA were measured in lavage fluid and plasma. RESULTS Compared with SR at baseline, DR had more neutrophils in their bronchial airways at baseline, both in the lavage (p = .0031) and biopsies (p = .026) and elevated bronchial neutrophils correlated with less antitransmigratory IL-1Ra levels (r = -0.64). DR airways had less suppressive neutrophils and more 3-lobed (active) neutrophils (p = .029) that correlated with more bronchial lavage histone (p = .020) and more plasma NE (p = .0016). Post-challenge, DR released neutrophil extracellular trap factors in the blood earlier and had less pro-transmigratory sCD62L during the late phase (p = .0076) than in SR. CONCLUSION DR have a more active airway neutrophil phenotype at baseline and a distinct neutrophil response to allergen challenge that may contribute to the development of an LAR. Therefore, neutrophil activity should be considered during targeted diagnosis and bio-therapeutic development for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole van der Burg
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Henning Stenberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sandra Ekstedt
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zuzana Diamant
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology Immunology & Transplantation, KU Leuven, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daisy Bornesund
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Cell and Tissue biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jaro Ankerst
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Susanna Kumlien Georén
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars-Olaf Cardell
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Leif Bjermer
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas Erjefält
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Cell and Tissue biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ellen Tufvesson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Mogren S, Berlin F, Eskilsson L, Van Der Burg N, Tufvesson E, Andersson CK. Mast Cell Proteases Promote Diverse Effects on the Plasminogen Activation System and Wound Healing in A549 Alveolar Epithelial Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182916. [PMID: 36139491 PMCID: PMC9496743 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue damage, epithelial alterations, and intraepithelial presence of mast cells (MCs) are characteristics of asthma pathogenesis. Increased alveolar infiltration of MC populations has also been identified as a feature of asthma and other chronic respiratory diseases. The asthma associated receptor, urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), has been shown to regulate bronchial epithelial repair responses. However, the impact of MC tryptase and chymase on functional properties and expression of uPAR in alveolar epithelial cells have not been fully investigated. Alveolar epithelial cell migration and wound healing were investigated using holographic live cell imaging of A549 cells in a wound scratch model post stimulation with tryptase or chymase. The expression of uPAR was investigated on the protein and gene level from cellular supernatants and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid fractions from allergic asthmatics. We found that tryptase improved wound healing capacity, cellular migration and membrane bound uPAR expression. Chymase reduced gap closure capacity, cellular migration and membrane bound uPAR expression but increased soluble uPAR release. Our data suggest a dual regulatory response from the MC proteases in events related to uPAR expression and wound healing which could be important features in asthmatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Mogren
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC, Lund University, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
| | - Frida Berlin
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC, Lund University, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lykke Eskilsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC, Lund University, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Ellen Tufvesson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, BMC, Lund University, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
| | - Cecilia K. Andersson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC, Lund University, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-462227746
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6
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Nauwelaerts SJD, Van Goethem N, Ureña BT, De Cremer K, Bernard A, Saenen ND, Nawrot TS, Roosens NHC, De Keersmaecker SCJ. Urinary CC16, a potential indicator of lung integrity and inflammation, increases in children after short-term exposure to PM 2.5/PM 10 and is driven by the CC16 38GG genotype. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113272. [PMID: 35439460 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Particular matter (PM) exposure is a big hazard for public health, especially for children. Serum CC16 is a well-known biomarker of respiratory health. Urinary CC16 (U-CC16) can be a noninvasive alternative, albeit requiring adequate adjustment for renal handling. Moreover, the SNP CC16 G38A influences CC16 levels. This study aimed to monitor the effect of short-term PM exposure on CC16 levels, measured noninvasively in schoolchildren, using an integrative approach. We used a selection of urine and buccal DNA samples from 86 children stored in an existing biobank. Using a multiple reaction monitoring method, we measured U-CC16, as well as RBP4 (retinol binding protein 4) and β2M (beta-2-microglobulin), required for adjustment. Buccal DNA samples were used for CC16 G38A genotyping. Linear mixed-effects models were used to find relevant associations between U-CC16 and previously obtained data from recent daily PM ≤ 2.5 or 10 μm exposure (PM2.5, PM10) modeled at the child's residence. Our study showed that exposure to low PM at the child's residence (median levels 18.9 μg/m³ (PM2.5) and 23.6 μg/m³ (PM10)) one day before sampling had an effect on the covariates-adjusted U-CC16 levels. This effect was dependent on the CC16 G38A genotype, due to its strong interaction with the association between PM levels and covariates-adjusted U-CC16 (P = 0.024 (PM2.5); P = 0.061 (PM10)). Only children carrying the 38GG genotype showed an increase of covariates-adjusted U-CC16, measured 24h after exposure, with increasing PM2.5 and PM10 (β = 0.332; 95% CI: 0.110 to 0.554 and β = 0.372; 95% CI: 0.101 to 0.643, respectively). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study using an integrative approach to investigate short-term PM exposure of children, using urine to detect early signs of pulmonary damage, and taking into account important determinants such as the genetic background and adequate adjustment of the measured biomarker in urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J D Nauwelaerts
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium; Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, University Catholique de Louvain, Woluwe, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nina Van Goethem
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Faculty of Public Health, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium
| | - Berta Tenas Ureña
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Koen De Cremer
- Platform Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alfred Bernard
- Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, University Catholique de Louvain, Woluwe, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nelly D Saenen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nancy H C Roosens
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
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7
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Weitoft M, Kadefors M, Stenberg H, Tufvesson E, Diamant Z, Rolandsson Enes S, Bjermer L, Rosmark O, Westergren-Thorsson G. Plasma proteome changes linked to late phase response after inhaled allergen challenge in asthmatics. Respir Res 2022; 23:50. [PMID: 35248034 PMCID: PMC8897854 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-01968-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A subset of individuals with allergic asthma develops a late phase response (LPR) to inhaled allergens, which is characterized by a prolonged airway obstruction, airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. The aim of this study was to identify changes in the plasma proteome and circulating hematopoietic progenitor cells associated with the LPR following inhaled allergen challenge. METHODS Serial plasma samples from asthmatics undergoing inhaled allergen challenge were analyzed by mass spectrometry and immunosorbent assays. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Mass spectrometry data were analyzed using a linear regression to model the relationship between airway obstruction during the LPR and plasma proteome changes. Data from immunosorbent assays were analyzed using linear mixed models. RESULTS Out of 396 proteins quantified in plasma, 150 showed a statistically significant change 23 h post allergen challenge. Among the most upregulated proteins were three protease inhibitors: alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin and plasma serine protease inhibitor. Altered levels of 13 proteins were associated with the LPR, including increased factor XIII A and decreased von Willebrand factor. No relationship was found between the LPR and changes in the proportions of classical, intermediate, and non-classical monocytes. CONCLUSIONS Allergic reactions to inhaled allergens in asthmatic subjects were associated with changes in a large proportion of the measured plasma proteome, whereof protease inhibitors showed the largest changes, likely to influence the inflammatory response. Many of the proteins altered in relation to the LPR are associated with coagulation, highlighting potential mechanistic targets for future treatments of type-2 asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Weitoft
- Division of Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Måns Kadefors
- Division of Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Henning Stenberg
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ellen Tufvesson
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Zuzana Diamant
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Clin Pharm and Pharmacol, University of Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sara Rolandsson Enes
- Division of Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Leif Bjermer
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oskar Rosmark
- Division of Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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8
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Chukowry PS, Spittle DA, Turner AM. Small Airways Disease, Biomarkers and COPD: Where are We? Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2021; 16:351-365. [PMID: 33628018 PMCID: PMC7899307 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s280157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The response to treatment and progression of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) varies significantly. Small airways disease (SAD) is being increasingly recognized as a key pathological feature of COPD. Studies have brought forward pathological evidence of small airway damage preceding the development of emphysema and the detection of obstruction using traditional spirometry. In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the early detection of SAD and this has brought along an increased demand for physiological tests able to identify and quantify SAD. Early detection of SAD allows early targeted therapy and this suggests the potential for altering the course of disease. The aim of this article is to review the evidence available on the physiological testing of small airways. The first half will focus on the role of lung function tests such as maximum mid-expiratory flow, impulse oscillometry and lung clearance index in detecting and quantifying SAD. The role of Computed Tomography (CT) as a radiological biomarker will be discussed as well as the potential of recent CT analysis software to differentiate normal aging of the lungs to pathology. The evidence behind SAD biomarkers sourced from blood as well as biomarkers sourced from sputum and broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) will be reviewed. This paper focuses on CC-16, sRAGE, PAI-1, MMP-9 and MMP-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyamvada S Chukowry
- Respiratory Research Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniella A Spittle
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Alice M Turner
- Institute for Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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9
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Liu M, Lu J, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Guo Z. Clara cell 16 KDa protein mitigates house dust mite-induced airway inflammation and damage via regulating airway epithelial cell apoptosis in a manner dependent on HMGB1-mediated signaling inhibition. Mol Med 2021; 27:11. [PMID: 33541260 PMCID: PMC7863538 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00277-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background House dust mite (HDM) inhalation can cause airway epithelial damage which is implicated in the process of airway inflammation in asthma. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is critically required for cellular damage and apoptosis as an important endogenous danger signal. Recently, Clara cell 16KDa protein (CC16) has been identified to exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory influence in various injury-related diseases model. However, little is known about its ability to protect against airway epithelial injury in allergic asthma. This study was aimed to clarify the protective roles of CC16 on airway epithelia in HDM-induced asthma and the regulation of HMGB1 by CC16. Methods Mice were sensitized and challenged by HDM extract and administrated intranasally with CC16 (5 μg/g or 10 μg/g) or saline in the challenged period. The BEAS-2B human airway epithelial cell line were cultured with CC16 or the control vehicle and then exposed to HDM. Knockdown or overexpression of HMGB1 was induced by cell transfection or intratracheal injection of recombinant adenovirus. Results CC16 treatment decreased airway inflammation and histological damage of airway epithelium dose-dependently in HDM-induced asthma model. Airway epithelia apoptosis upon HDM stimulation was noticeably abrogated by CC16 in vivo and in vitro. In addition, upregulation of HMGB1 expression and its related signaling were also detected under HDM conditions, while silencing HMGB1 significantly inhibited the apoptosis of BEAS-2B cells. Furthermore, the activity of HMGB1-mediated signaling was restrained after CC16 treatment whereas HMGB1 overexpression abolished the protective effect of CC16 on HDM-induced airway epithelia apoptosis. Conclusions Our data confirm that CC16 attenuates HDM-mediated airway inflammation and damage via suppressing airway epithelial cell apoptosis in a HMGB1-dependent manner, suggesting the role of CC16 as a potential protective option for HDM-induced asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixuan Liu
- Shanghai East Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200123, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200123, China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200123, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Shanghai East Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200123, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200123, China
| | - Yunxuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhongliang Guo
- Shanghai East Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200123, China. .,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200123, China.
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Sada M, Watanabe M, Inui T, Nakamoto K, Hirata A, Nakamura M, Honda K, Saraya T, Kurai D, Kimura H, Ishii H, Takizawa H. Ruxolitinib inhibits poly(I:C) and type 2 cytokines-induced CCL5 production in bronchial epithelial cells: A potential therapeutic agent for severe eosinophilic asthma. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2021; 9:363-373. [PMID: 33534941 PMCID: PMC8127547 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rationale Severe eosinophilic asthma is characterized by airway eosinophilia and corticosteroid‐resistance, commonly overlapping with type 2 inflammation. It has been reported that chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) is involved in the exacerbation of asthma by RNA virus infections. Indeed, treatment with a virus‐associated ligand and a T helper type 2 cell (Th2) cytokine can synergistically stimulate CCL5 production in bronchial epithelial cells. We aimed to evaluate the mechanisms underlying CCL5 production in this in vitro model and to assess the potential of Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) as a novel therapeutic target via the use of ruxolitinib. Methods We stimulated primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells and BEAS‐2B cells with poly(I:C) along with interleukin‐13 (IL‐13) or IL‐4, and assessed CCL5 production. We also evaluated the signals involved in virus‐ and Th2‐cytokine‐induced CCL5 production and explored a therapeutic agent that attenuates the CCL5 production. Results Poly(I:C) stimulated NHBE and BEAS‐2B cells to produce CCL5. Poly(I:C) and IL‐13 increased CCL5 production. Poly(I:C)‐induced CCL5 production occurred via the TLR3–IRF3 and IFNAR/JAK1–phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) pathways, but not the IFNAR/JAK1–STATs pathway. In addition, IL‐13 did not augment poly(I:C)‐induced CCL5 production via the canonical IL‐13R/IL‐4R/JAK1–STAT6 pathway but likely via subsequent TLR3‐IRF3‐IFNAR/JAK1‐PI3K pathways. JAK1 was identified to be a potential therapeutic target for severe eosinophilic asthma. The JAK1/2 inhibitor, ruxolitinib, was demonstrated to more effectively decrease CCL5 production in BEAS‐2B cells than fluticasone propionate. Conclusion We have demonstrated that JAK1 is a possible therapeutic target for severe corticosteroid‐resistant asthma with airway eosinophilia and persistent Th2‐type inflammation, and that ruxolitinib has potential as an alternative pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Sada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiya Inui
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keitaro Nakamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Hirata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masuo Nakamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kojiro Honda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Saraya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kimura
- Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Health Science, Gunma Paz University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Haruyuki Ishii
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Takizawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Boulet LP, Côté A, Abd-Elaziz K, Gauvreau G, Diamant Z. Allergen bronchoprovocation test: an important research tool supporting precision medicine. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2021; 27:15-22. [PMID: 33065599 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000000742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allergen bronchoprovocation test (ABT) has been used to study asthma pathophysiology and as a disease-modelling tool to assess the properties and efficacy of new asthma drugs. In view of the complexity and heterogeneity of asthma, which has driven the definition of several phenotypes and endotypes, we aim to discuss the role of ABT in the era of precision medicine and provide guidance for clinicians how to interpret and use available data to understand the implications for the benefits of asthma treatment. RECENT FINDINGS In this review, we summarize background knowledge and applications of ABT and provide an update with recent publications on this topic. In the past years, several studies have been published on ABT in combination with non-invasive and invasive airway samplings and innovative detection techniques allowing to study several inflammatory mechanisms linked to Th2-pathway and allergen-induced pathophysiology throughout the airways. SUMMARY ABT is a valuable research tool, which has strongly contributed to precision medicine by helping to define allergen-triggered key inflammatory pathways and airway pathophysiology, and thus helped to shape our understanding of allergen-driven asthma phenotypes and endotypes. In addition, ABT has been instrumental to assess the interactions and effects of new-targeted asthma treatments along these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Philippe Boulet
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Andréanne Côté
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Gail Gauvreau
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zuzana Diamant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Institute for Clinical Science, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Groningen, University Medicine Ctr Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Ryu MH, Lau KSK, Wooding DJ, Fan S, Sin DD, Carlsten C. Particle depletion of diesel exhaust restores allergen-induced lung-protective surfactant protein D in human lungs. Thorax 2020; 75:640-647. [PMID: 32467339 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-214561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Exposure to air pollution is linked with increased asthma morbidity and mortality. To understand pathological processes linking air pollution and allergen exposures to asthma pathophysiology, we investigated the effect of coexposure to diesel exhaust (DE) and aeroallergen on immune regulatory proteins in human airways. METHODS Fourteen allergen-sensitised participants completed this randomised, double-blinded, cross-over, controlled exposure study. Each participant underwent four exposures (allergen-alone exposure, DE and allergen coexposure, particle-depleted DE (PDDE) and allergen coexposure, and sham exposure) on different order-randomised dates, each separated by a 4-week washout. Serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were assayed for pattern recognition molecules, cytokines, chemokines and inflammatory mediators. RESULTS In human airways, allergen-alone exposure led to accumulation of surfactant protein D (SPD; p=0.02). Coexposure to allergen and DE did not elicit the same increase of SPD as did allergen alone; diesel particulate reduction restored allergen-induced SPD accumulation. Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products was higher with particle reduction than without it. In the systemic circulation, there was a transient increase in SPD and club cell protein 16 (CC16) 4 hours after allergen alone. CC16 was augmented by PDDE, but not DE. % eosinophils in BAL (p<0.005), eotaxin-3 (p<0.0001), interleukin 5 (IL-5; p<0.0001) and thymus and activation regulated chemokine (p=0.0001) were each increased in BAL by allergen. IL-5, SPD and % eosinophils in BAL were correlated with decreased FEV1. CONCLUSION Short-term coexposure to aeroallergen and DE alters immune regulatory proteins in lungs; surfactant levels are dependent on particle depletion. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02017431.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hyung Ryu
- Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevin Soon-Keen Lau
- Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Denise Jill Wooding
- Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shuyu Fan
- Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Don D Sin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher Carlsten
- Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Ekstedt S, Stenberg H, Tufvesson E, Diamant Z, Bjermer L, Kumlien Georén S, Cardell LO. The potential role of CD16 high CD62L dim neutrophils in the allergic asthma. Allergy 2019; 74:2265-2268. [PMID: 31069815 DOI: 10.1111/all.13861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ekstedt
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Henning Stenberg
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Ellen Tufvesson
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Zuzana Diamant
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Leif Bjermer
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Susanna Kumlien Georén
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Lars Olaf Cardell
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Department of ENT Diseases Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
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Club cell protein 16 in sera from trauma patients modulates neutrophil migration and functionality via CXCR1 and CXCR2. Mol Med 2019; 25:45. [PMID: 31666007 PMCID: PMC6822417 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-019-0115-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Club Cell protein (CC)16 correlates with lung injury and respiratory complications, which are in part triggered by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) in severely traumatized patients (TP). CC16 exerts anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects, however, its influence on PMNL functions after trauma is unknown. Here, we evaluated whether CC16 present in sera from TP could modify the biological functions of PMNL. Methods Sera from 16 severely injured TP without pneumonia (no P, n = 8) or with pneumonia (P, n = 8) were collected at admission to emergency department (ED) and 1 day prior pneumonia and pre-incubated with or without anti-CC16 antibody for CC16 neutralization. Samples from the equal post-injury days in the corresponding no P group were used. Neutrophils were isolated from healthy volunteers (HV, n = 5) and incubated with 20% of the serum medium from TP, respectively. In PMNL, CD62L, CD11b/CD18 and CD31 expression, migratory capacity, phagocytosis rate, oxidative burst and apoptosis were investigated. In isolated PMNL, CXCR1 and CXCR2 were neutralized before stimulation with CC16, and oxidative burst, phagocytosis and apoptosis were analyzed in neutrophils and their subsets. Results Serum from the P group enhanced significantly PMNL migration compared to no P group, while CC16-neutralization further increased the migratory rate of PMNL in both groups. CC16-neutralization increased significantly the expression of CD62L in the P group at ED. Oxidative burst was significantly increased in the P group vs. no P during the study period. CC16 seemed to have no influence on oxidative burst and phagocytosis in TP. However, in a more controlled study design, CC16 induced a significant increase of oxidative burst and a decrease of apoptosis of CD16+ granulocytes. These effects were markedly observed in mature CD16brightCD62Lbright and immune suppressive CD16brightCD62Ldim neutrophils. In mature subset, CXCR1 and CXCR2 neutralization diminished CC16-induced effects. Conclusions CC16 in sera from multiply traumatized patients, notably of those with pneumonia, has significant effects on PMNL. The results suggest an association of CC16 with CXCR1 and CXCR2. Our data suggest that CC16 reduces the migratory capacity of PMNL and thus modulates their function in patients with respiratory complications after trauma.
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Murray DD, Itenov TS, Sivapalan P, Eklöf JV, Holm FS, Schuetz P, Jensen JU. Biomarkers of Acute Lung Injury The Individualized Approach: for Phenotyping, Risk Stratification and Treatment Surveillance. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8081163. [PMID: 31382587 PMCID: PMC6722821 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Do we need biomarkers of lung damage and infection: For what purpose and how should they be used properly? Biomarkers of lung damage can be used for diagnosis, risk stratification/prediction, treatment surveillance and adjustment of targeted therapy. Additionally, novel "omics" methods may offer a completely different and effective way of improving the understanding of pathogenesis of lung damage and a way to develop new candidate lung damage biomarkers. In the current review, we give an overview within the field of acute lung damage of (i) disease mechanism biomarkers, (ii) of "ready to use" evidence-based biomarker-guided lung infection management, (iii) of novel strategies of inflammatory phenotyping and how this can be used to tailor corticosteroid treatment, (iv) a future perspective of where "omics" technologies and mindsets may become increasingly important in developing new strategies for treatment and for understanding the development of acute lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Murray
- PERSIMUNE, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Pradeesh Sivapalan
- Respiratory Medicine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Josefin Viktoria Eklöf
- Respiratory Medicine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Freja Stæhr Holm
- Respiratory Medicine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Philipp Schuetz
- Medical University Department, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens Ulrik Jensen
- PERSIMUNE, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Respiratory Medicine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark.
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Ye K, He D, Shao Y, Xu N, Jin C, Zhang L, Shen J. Exogenous mesenchymal stem cells affect the function of endogenous lung stem cells (club cells) in phosgene-induced lung injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:586-592. [PMID: 31064653 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) affect lung cells via cytokines as well as vesicles and activate the Notch signaling pathway thus affecting the proliferation of endogenous stem cells to repair damaged tissue. Club cells are endogenous lung stem cells whose proliferation is also closely related to the Notch signaling pathway. The club cell secretory protein (CCSP) has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. This study aimed to investigate whether exogenous MSCs affect the function of club cells in an injured lung and whether these effects are related to the Notch signaling pathway. CCSP levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the average fluorescence intensity (AFI) of CCSP in club cells was determined using flow cytometry. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to visualize club cells and proliferative club cells. The expression of important Notch signaling pathway components including Notch1∼4, c-myc, Hey1 and Hes1 were also assessed. LY3039478 (LY), a specific inhibitor of the Notch signaling pathway, was applied. After MSCs intervention, CCSP levels decreased, and club cell AFI increased, indicating that the secretion of club cells had weakened. The expression of Notch1, Notch2, c-myc, Hey1, Hes1 increased, accompanied by an increase in the number of proliferative club cells. Furthermore, MSCs enhanced the proliferation of club cells, while LY suppressed this phenomenon. In summary, MSCs reduced the secretion of club cells. And MSCs enhanced the proliferation of club cells partly via activating the Notch signaling pathway, which promoted lung injury repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Ye
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Center of Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Research Center of Chemical Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Center of Radiation Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daikun He
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Center of Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Research Center of Chemical Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Center of Radiation Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiru Shao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Center of Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Research Center of Chemical Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Center of Radiation Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Center of Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Research Center of Chemical Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Center of Radiation Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoyuan Jin
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Center of Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Research Center of Chemical Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Center of Radiation Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Center of Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Research Center of Chemical Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Center of Radiation Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Center of Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Research Center of Chemical Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Center of Radiation Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Persson C. Airways exudation of plasma macromolecules: Innate defense, epithelial regeneration, and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 143:1271-1286. [PMID: 30170125 PMCID: PMC7112321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses in vivo airway aspects of plasma exudation in relation to current views on epithelial permeability and epithelial regeneration in health and disease. Microvascular-epithelial exudation of bulk plasma proteins characteristically occurs in asthmatic patients, being especially pronounced in those with severe and exacerbating asthma. Healthy human and guinea pig airways challenged by noninjurious histamine-leukotriene–type autacoids also respond through prompt mucosal exudation of nonsieved plasma macromolecules. Contrary to current beliefs, epithelial permeability in the opposite direction (ie, absorption of inhaled molecules) has not been increased in patients with asthma and allergic rhinitis or in acutely exuding healthy airways. A slightly increased subepithelial hydrostatic pressure produces such unidirectional outward perviousness to macromolecules. Lack of increased absorption permeability in asthmatic patients can further be reconciled with occurrence of epithelial shedding, leaving small patches of denuded basement membrane. Counteracting escalating barrier breaks, plasma exudation promptly covers the denuded patches. Here it creates and sustains a biologically active barrier involving a neutrophil-rich, fibrin-fibronectin net. Furthermore, in the plasma-derived milieu, all epithelial cell types bordering the denuded patch dedifferentiate and migrate from all sides to cover the denuded basement membrane. However, this speedy epithelial regeneration can come at a cost. Guinea pig in vivo studies demonstrate that patches of epithelial denudation regeneration are exudation hot spots evoking asthma-like features, including recruitment/activation of granulocytes, proliferation of fibrocytes/smooth muscle cells, and basement membrane thickening. In conclusion, nonsieved plasma macromolecules can operate on the intact airway mucosa as potent components of first-line innate immunity responses. Exuded plasma also takes center stage in epithelial regeneration. When exaggerated, epithelial regeneration can contribute to the inception and development of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Persson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Lund, Lund, Sweden.
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