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Biancucci M, Barbiero R, Pennella B, Cannatà A, Ageno W, Tangianu F, Maresca AM, Dentali F, Bonaventura A. Hypoalbuminaemia and heart failure: A practical review of current evidence. Eur J Heart Fail 2024. [PMID: 38962822 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.3363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoalbuminaemia (serum albumin levels ≤3.5 g/dl) is associated with poor outcomes among patients with heart failure (HF). This narrative review includes original articles and reviews published over the past 20 years and retrieved from PubMed using the following search terms (or their combination): 'heart failure', 'hypoalbuminaemia', 'heart failure with reduced ejection fraction', 'heart failure with preserved ejection fraction', 'all-cause mortality', 'in-hospital mortality', 'hospitalization', 'prognosis'. The aims of this review are to provide an overview on the prevalence of hypoalbuminaemia in HF, its impact on clinical outcomes, and potential mechanisms that may suggest future therapeutic strategies. Hypoalbuminaemia is frequent in HF patients, especially among the elderly. However, data about the exact epidemiology of hypoalbuminaemia are scant due to different definitions, and prevalence is estimated between 5% and 70% across the whole spectrum of ejection fraction. Current evidence points to hypoalbuminaemia as a marker of poor outcomes in HF, irrespective of the ejection fraction, and in other cardiovascular diseases. Among patients who suffered from acute coronary syndrome, those with hypoalbuminaemia had an increased risk of new-onset HF and in-hospital mortality. Albumin, however, might also play a role in the natural history of such diseases due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic properties. Whether albumin supplementation or nutritional support in general would be beneficial in improving clinical outcomes in HF is not completely clear and should be evaluated in adequately designed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Biancucci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Center, S.C. Medicina Generale 1, Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Riccardo Barbiero
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, School of Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Benedetta Pennella
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Center, S.C. Medicina Generale 1, Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Antonio Cannatà
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, UK
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Walter Ageno
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Flavio Tangianu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Center, S.C. Medicina Generale 1, Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Dentali
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Aldo Bonaventura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Center, S.C. Medicina Generale 1, Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
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Tan Y, Xiang W, Chen Y, Huang J, Sun D. Effect of hypoproteinemia on mortality of elderly male patients with chronic heart failure. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37078. [PMID: 38306508 PMCID: PMC10843509 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
To explore the effect of hypoproteinemia on cardiac function and prognosis in elderly male patients with chronic heart failure. Among the patients with chronic heart failure hospitalized in the General Hospital of Southern Theater Command from December 2014 to December 2015, 100 elderly male patients with chronic heart failure were selected. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on their serum albumin (ALB) levels: 53 cases in the normal group (ALB ≥ 35 g/L) and 47 cases in the hypoproteinemia group (ALB < 35 g/L). Using the method of prospective study, under the condition of routine treatment of heart failure, follow-up observation for 5 years, we collected relevant data and analyzed the level of serum ALB, cardiac function and prognosis of patients in these 2 groups. The mortality of patients in the hyporoteinemia group were significantly higher than those in the normal group. Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVDD) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in the normal group after 5 years were markedly lower compared with that in the hypoproteinemia group. The mortality of patients with chronic heart failure with hypoproteinemia were higher, and the present study indicated that the ALB level may be associated with the mortality of patients with chronic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tan
- Department of Geratology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Geratology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Geratology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Geratology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Geratology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
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Pan D, Wang H, Wu S, Wang J, Ning Y, Guo J, Wang C, Gu Y. Unveiling the Hidden Burden: Estimating All-Cause Mortality Risk in Older Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2024; 2024:1741878. [PMID: 38282658 PMCID: PMC10821805 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1741878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The mortality rate among older persons with diabetes has been steadily increasing, resulting in significant health and economic burdens on both society and individuals. The objective of this study is to develop and validate a predictive nomogram for estimating the 5-year all-cause mortality risk in older persons with T2D (T2D). Methods We obtained data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES). A random 7 : 3 split was made between the training and validation sets. By linking the national mortality index up until December 31, 2019, we ensured a minimum of 5 years of follow-up to assess all-cause mortality. A nomogram was developed in the training cohort using a logistic regression model as well as a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model for predicting the 5-year risk of all-cause mortality. Finally, the prediction performance of the nomogram is evaluated using several validation methods. Results We constructed a comprehensive prediction model based on the results of multivariate analysis and LASSO binomial regression. These models were then validated using data from the validation cohort. The final model includes four independent predictors: age, gender, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and white blood cell count. The C-index values for the training and validation cohorts were 0.748 and 0.762, respectively. The calibration curve demonstrates satisfactory consistency between the two cohorts. Conclusions The newly developed nomogram proves to be a valuable tool in accurately predicting the 5-year all-cause mortality risk among older persons with diabetes, providing crucial information for tailored interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dikang Pan
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sensen Wu
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yachan Ning
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianming Guo
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongquan Gu
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Karki S, Gajjar R, Bittar-Carlini G, Jha V, Yadav N. Association of Hypoalbuminemia With Clinical Outcomes in Patients Admitted With Acute Heart Failure. Curr Probl Cardiol 2023; 48:101916. [PMID: 37437704 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.101916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Albumin is a protein produced by the liver essential for maintaining blood volume and regulating fluid balance. Hypoalbuminemia is characterized by low levels of albumin in the blood. It is also a marker of malnutrition-inflammatory syndrome. Several studies have demonstrated its prognostic role in patients with chronic heart failure; however, data regarding hypoalbuminemia in acute heart failure admissions are scarce. This study aims to analyze the relationship between hypoalbuminemia and heart failure. We used a retrospective cohort study surveying data from the 2016-2018 combined National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. Adult hospitalizations for heart failure patients were identified using the ICD-10 codes, stratified into cohorts with and without hypoalbuminemia. Primary outcomes were (1) in-patient mortality, (2) length of stay, and total hospital charge. We also reclassified the HF admissions with hypoalbuminemia to those with systolic or diastolic heart failure to compare any differences in mortality and other in-patient complications. Multivariate linear and logistic regression were used to adjust for confounders and to analyze the outcomes. There were 1,365,529 adult hospitalizations for Congestive Heart Failure (CHF), and among them 1,205,990 (88 %) had secondary diagnoses of hypoalbuminemia. Patients with comorbid hypoalbuminemia were, on average, 8 years older (P < 0.001), predominantly white race, and males (P-value <0.001). HF hospitalizations with hypoalbuminemia had double in-hospital mortality than those without (4.8% vs 2.7%, P < 0.001). However, there was no difference in mortality between patients with Systolic heart failure and Diastolic heart failure with concomitant low albumin levels (from 4.9 % vs 4.7%, P 0.13). We found that patients admitted with HF and concomitant Hypoalbuminemia (HA) had nearly twice the odds of in-patient mortality than those with normal albumin levels. The Length of Stay (LOS) was higher between comparison groups. THC remained statistically indifferent in patients regardless of albumin levels but was greater in hypoalbuminemic patients with Systolic heart failure than Diastolic heart failure ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadichhya Karki
- Department of Internal Medicine, John H. Stroger Jr Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL.
| | - Rohan Gajjar
- Department of Internal Medicine, John H. Stroger Jr Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Vivek Jha
- Department of Internal Medicine, John H. Stroger Jr Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL
| | - Neha Yadav
- Department of Cardiology, John H. Stroger Jr Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL
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Li S, Xie X, Zeng X, Wang S, Lan J. Association between serum albumin to serum creatinine ratio and mortality risk in patients with heart failure. Clin Transl Sci 2023; 16:2345-2355. [PMID: 37710402 PMCID: PMC10651659 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between serum albumin to serum creatinine ratio (sACR) and the prognosis of heart failure (HF). In this single-center prospective cohort study, a total of 2625 patients with HF were enrolled between March 2012 and June 2017. All patients were divided into three groups according to the tertiles of sACR. Of 2625 patients, the mean age was 57.0 ± 14.3 years. During a median follow-up time of 23 months, 666 end point events occurred. Prognosis analysis indicated that the lowest sACR was significantly associated with higher mortality risk of HF (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.920, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.585-2.326, p < 0.001) when compared with the highest tertile. After adjusting for covariates including age, gender, diabetes, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C, white blood cell count, hemoglobin, glycosylated hemoglobin, and β-blocker use, the HRs for mortality risk of HF was 1.513 (95% CI = 1.070-2.139, p = 0.019). Subgroup analysis indicated that the mortality risk of HF statistically significantly reduced with the rise in sACR in patients with no β-blocker use, patients with serum creatine less than 97 μmol/L. However, stratification by age, sex, history of hypertension, diabetes, and smoking, level of glycosylated hemoglobin, and albumin have no obvious effect on the association between sACR and the prognosis of HF. Additionally, patients with lower sACR displayed reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and increased left ventricular end-diastolic diameter. The discriminant power of sACR alone and in combination with age, gender, SBP, heart rate, and glycosylated hemoglobin were excellent with C statistic of 0.655 and 0.889, respectively. Lower sACR was an independent risk factor for mortality risk of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Li
- Division of CardiologyPanzhihua Central HospitalPanzhihuaChina
- Panzhihua Central Hospital affiliated to Dali UniversityYunnanChina
| | - Xiaoshuang Xie
- Division of CardiologyPanzhihua Central HospitalPanzhihuaChina
| | - Xiaobin Zeng
- Division of CardiologyPanzhihua Central HospitalPanzhihuaChina
| | - Shihai Wang
- Division of CardiologyPanzhihua Central HospitalPanzhihuaChina
| | - Jianjun Lan
- Division of CardiologyPanzhihua Central HospitalPanzhihuaChina
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Gutman R, Aronson D, Caspi O, Shalit U. What drives performance in machine learning models for predicting heart failure outcome? EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. DIGITAL HEALTH 2023; 4:175-187. [PMID: 37265860 PMCID: PMC10232285 DOI: 10.1093/ehjdh/ztac054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aims The development of acute heart failure (AHF) is a critical decision point in the natural history of the disease and carries a dismal prognosis. The lack of appropriate risk-stratification tools at hospital discharge of AHF patients significantly limits clinical ability to precisely tailor patient-specific therapeutic regimen at this pivotal juncture. Machine learning-based strategies may improve risk stratification by incorporating analysis of high-dimensional patient data with multiple covariates and novel prediction methodologies. In the current study, we aimed at evaluating the drivers for success in prediction models and establishing an institute-tailored artificial Intelligence-based prediction model for real-time decision support. Methods and results We used a cohort of all 10 868 patients AHF patients admitted to a tertiary hospital during a 12 years period. A total of 372 covariates were collected from admission to the end of the hospitalization. We assessed model performance across two axes: (i) type of prediction method and (ii) type and number of covariates. The primary outcome was 1-year survival from hospital discharge. For the model-type axis, we experimented with seven different methods: logistic regression (LR) with either L1 or L2 regularization, random forest (RF), Cox proportional hazards model (Cox), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), a deep neural-net (NeuralNet) and an ensemble classifier of all the above methods. We were able to achieve an area under receiver operator curve (AUROC) prediction accuracy of more than 80% with most prediction models including L1/L2-LR (80.4%/80.3%), Cox (80.2%), XGBoost (80.5%), NeuralNet (80.4%). RF was inferior to other methods (78.8%), and the ensemble model was slightly superior (81.2%). The number of covariates was a significant modifier (P < 0.001) of prediction success, the use of multiplex-covariates preformed significantly better (AUROC 80.4% for L1-LR) compared with a set of known clinical covariates (AUROC 77.8%). Demographics followed by lab-tests and administrative data resulted in the largest gain in model performance. Conclusions The choice of the predictive modelling method is secondary to the multiplicity and type of covariates for predicting AHF prognosis. The application of a structured data pre-processing combined with the use of multiple-covariates results in an accurate, institute-tailored risk prediction in AHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rom Gutman
- William Davidson Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Doron Aronson
- Department of Cardiology, Rambam Health Care Campus
- the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Oren Caspi
- Department of Cardiology, Rambam Health Care Campus
- the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Uri Shalit
- William Davidson Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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Bagheri A, Soltani S, Asoudeh F, Esmaillzadeh A. Effects of omega-3 supplementation on serum albumin, pre-albumin and the CRP/albumin ratio in hospitalized patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:237-251. [PMID: 35939371 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Low serum albumin and pre-albumin concentrations are associated with edema, infection, thrombosis, heart failure, and mortality. OBJECTIVE This comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials was conducted to summarize the available findings on the impact of omega-3 supplementation on albumin, pre-albumin, and the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio in hospitalized patients. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched from January 1990 to October 2021. DATA EXTRACTION Extracted data from 50 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a total number of 3196 participants were analyzed using the random-effects model. The dose-dependent effect was also evaluated. DATA ANALYSIS Oral omega-3 supplementation significantly increased serum albumin concentrations in patients with cancer (weighted mean difference [WMD]: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.33, P= 0.006), patients on dialysis (WMD: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.28, P= 0.042), and those with hypoalbuminemia (WMD: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.72, P = 0.033); however, there was no significant effect among patients with gastrointestinal or hepatologic diseases. Moreover, each 1000 mg/day increase in oral omega-3 supplementation resulted in elevated serum albumin levels in cancer patients (WMD: 0.15; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.24, P < 0.001). In addition, a favorable effect of oral omega-3 supplementation on pre-albumin levels was observed among patients with cancer (WMD: 33.87; 95% CI: 12.34, 55.39, P = 0.002). A similar significant effect of parenteral omega-3 supplementation on pre-albumin concentrations was seen among those with gastrointestinal and hepatologic diseases as well (WMD: 23.30; 95% CI: 13.58, 33.03, P < 0.001). No significant effect of oral omega-3 supplementation on the CRP/albumin ratio was found. CONCLUSIONS Overall, omega-3 fatty acids supplementation resulted in a favorable change in serum albumin and pre-albumin concentrations in hospitalized patients. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021285704.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Bagheri
- are with the Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,is with the Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Soltani
- are with the Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Asoudeh
- is with the Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- are with the Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,is with the Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,is with the Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Li X, Zhang Y, He Y, Li KX, Xu RN, Wang H, Jiang TB, Chen WX, He YM. J-shaped association between serum albumin levels and long-term mortality of cardiovascular disease: Experience in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2014). Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1073120. [PMID: 36523355 PMCID: PMC9745145 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1073120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a constellation of heart, brain, and peripheral vascular diseases with common soil hypothesis of etiology, and its subtypes have been well-established in terms of the albumin-mortality association. However, the association between albumin and the mortality of CVD as a whole remains poorly understood, especially the non-linear association. We aimed to investigate the association of albumin levels with long-term mortality of CVD as a whole. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included all CVD patients who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2011-2014). CVD was defined as coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure, or any combination of these two or three diseases. Serum albumin was tertile partitioned: tertile 1, <4.1; tertile 2, 4.1-4.3; and tertile 3, >4.3 g/dl. COX proportional hazards model was used to assess the association between the serum albumin levels and CVD mortality. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves were used to explore the non-linear relationship. RESULTS A total of 1,070 patients with CVD were included in the analysis, of which 156 deaths occurred during a median 34 months of follow-up. On a continuous scale, per 1 g/dl albumin decrease was associated with an adjusted HR (95% CI) of 3.85 (2.38-6.25). On a categorical scale, as compared with tertile 3, the multivariable adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) was 1.42 (0.74-2.71) for the tertile 2, and 2.24 (1.20-4.16) for the tertile 1, respectively, with respect to mortality. RCS curve analysis revealed a J-shaped association between albumin and CVD mortality. CONCLUSION A J-shaped association between low serum albumin levels and increased long-term mortality of CVD has been revealed. This J-shaped association's implications for CVD prevention and treatment are deserving of being further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei-Xiang Chen
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong-Ming He
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Shishkova D, Lobov A, Zainullina B, Matveeva V, Markova V, Sinitskaya A, Velikanova E, Sinitsky M, Kanonykina A, Dyleva Y, Kutikhin A. Calciprotein Particles Cause Physiologically Significant Pro-Inflammatory Response in Endothelial Cells and Systemic Circulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314941. [PMID: 36499266 PMCID: PMC9738209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Calciprotein particles (CPPs) represent an inherent mineral buffering system responsible for the scavenging of excessive Ca2+ and PO43- ions in order to prevent extraskeletal calcification, although contributing to the development of endothelial dysfunction during the circulation in the bloodstream. Here, we performed label-free proteomic profiling to identify the functional consequences of CPP internalisation by endothelial cells (ECs) and found molecular signatures of significant disturbances in mitochondrial and lysosomal physiology, including oxidative stress, vacuolar acidification, accelerated proteolysis, Ca2+ cytosolic elevation, and mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation. Incubation of intact ECs with conditioned medium from CPP-treated ECs caused their pro-inflammatory activation manifested by vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) upregulation and elevated release of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/ C-C motif ligand 2 (MCP-1/CCL2). Among the blood cells, monocytes were exclusively responsible for CPP internalisation. As compared to the co-incubation of donor blood with CPPs in the flow culture system, intravenous administration of CPPs to Wistar rats caused a considerably higher production of chemokines, indicating the major role of monocytes in CPP-triggered inflammation. Upregulation of sICAM-1 and IL-8 also suggested a notable contribution of endothelial dysfunction to systemic inflammatory response after CPP injections. Collectively, our results demonstrate the pathophysiological significance of CPPs and highlight the need for the development of anti-CPP therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Shishkova
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Arseniy Lobov
- Laboratory of Regenerative Biomedicine, Institute of Cytology of the RAS, 4 Tikhoretskiy Prospekt, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Bozhana Zainullina
- Centre for Molecular and Cell Technologies, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Embankment, 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vera Matveeva
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Victoria Markova
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Anna Sinitskaya
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Elena Velikanova
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Maxim Sinitsky
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Anastasia Kanonykina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Yulia Dyleva
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Anton Kutikhin
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-960-907-7067
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Serum albumin and the short-term mortality in individuals with congestive heart failure in intensive care unit: an analysis of MIMIC. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16251. [PMID: 36171266 PMCID: PMC9519563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreased albumin levels are common in congestive heart failure (CHF), but little is known about its role in mortality risk in CHF. This study developed a cohort prediction model based on 7121 individuals with heart failure to evaluate the short-term mortality and prognostic role of albumin in patients with CHF. The cohort was from intensive care unit between 2001 and 2012 in a publicly available clinical database in intensive care called MIMIC III. We used a generalized additive model to determine the nonlinear correlation between serum albumin and 14th day, 28th day and 90th day all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure. The results showed that serum albumin is an independent risk factor for 14th, 28th and 90th day all-cause mortality, and has a linear relationship with all-cause mortality in congestive heart failure. Cox regression analysis using restricted cubic spline with albumin as continuous parameter showed that the decrease of albumin level is directly related to the increase of mortality (14th day mortality: hazard ratio [HR], 0.65 [95% CI, 0.58 to 0.73]); 28th day mortality: HR, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.51 to 0.63]; 90th day mortality: HR, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.47 to 0.57]; P for trend < 0.001). The multivariate adjusted association between albumin (as a continuous variable) and all-cause mortality on the 90th days is mixed by ARDS [HR, 0.64, 95% CI (0.47–0.87), P = 0.005]. The all-cause mortality on the 90th day predicted better clinical results with the all-cause mortality on the 14th day.
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Manolis AA, Manolis TA, Melita H, Mikhailidis DP, Manolis AS. Low serum albumin: A neglected predictor in patients with cardiovascular disease. Eur J Intern Med 2022; 102:24-39. [PMID: 35537999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Albumin, the most abundant circulating protein in blood, is an essential protein which binds and transports various drugs and substances, maintains the oncotic pressure of blood and influences the physiological function of the circulatory system. Albumin also has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antithrombotic properties. Evidence supports albumin's role as a strong predictor of cardiovascular (CV) risk in several patient groups. Its protective role extends to those with coronary artery disease, heart failure, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, peripheral artery disease or ischemic stroke, as well as those undergoing revascularization procedures or with aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement, and patients with congenital heart disease and/or endocarditis. Hypoalbuminemia is a strong prognosticator of increased all-cause and CV mortality according to several cohort studies and meta-analyses in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients with or without comorbidities. Normalization of albumin levels before discharge lowers mortality risk, compared with hypoalbuminemia before discharge. Modified forms of albumin, such as ischemia modified albumin, also has prognostic value in patients with coronary or peripheral artery disease. When albumin is combined with other risk factors, such as uric acid or C-reactive protein, the prognostic value is enhanced. Although albumin supplementation may be a plausible approach, its efficacy has not been established and in patients with hypoalbuminemia, priority is focused on diagnosing and managing the underlying condition. The CV effects of hypoalbuminemia and relevant issues are considered in this review. Large cohort studies and meta-analyses are tabulated and the physiologic effects of albumin and the deleterious effects of low albumin are pictorially illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theodora A Manolis
- Aiginiteio University Hospital, Athens University School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Helen Melita
- Central Laboratories, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | - Antonis S Manolis
- First Department of Cardiology, Athens University School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.
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Yu Q, Wang Z, Ding X. Serum prealbumin as a predictor of adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomark Med 2022; 16:569-575. [PMID: 35348030 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2021-1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the association of serum prealbumin level with adverse outcomes in heart failure (HF) patients by conducting a meta-analysis. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in both international and Chinese databases to identify the cohort studies that reported the association of serum prealbumin level with all-cause mortality and composite endpoints of death/heart failure readmission in HF patients. Results: Eight studies involving 2439 patients were eligible. Low prealbumin level was associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted risk ratio [RR] 1.89; 95% CI: 1.35-2.65) and composite endpoints (adjusted RR 3.08; 95% CI: 1.43-6.64). Conclusions: Low serum prealbumin level may be an independent predictor of all-cause mortality/heart failure readmission in HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Yu
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of the Central Theater of the Chinese people's Liberation Army, Wuhan, Hubei, 430010, China
| | - Zhiquan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of the Central Theater of the Chinese people's Liberation Army, Wuhan, Hubei, 430010, China
| | - Xiang Ding
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of the Central Theater of the Chinese people's Liberation Army, Wuhan, Hubei, 430010, China
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Li H, Zhou P, Zhao Y, Ni H, Luo X, Li J. Prediction of all-cause mortality with malnutrition assessed by controlling nutritional status score in patients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health Nutr 2021; 25:1-8. [PMID: 34187615 PMCID: PMC9991799 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021002470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the association between malnutrition assessed by the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score and all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTINGS A comprehensively literature search of PubMed and Embase databases was performed until 30 November 2020. Studies reporting the utility of CONUT score in prediction of all-cause mortality among patients with heart failure were eligible. Patients with a CONUT score ≥2 are grouped as malnourished. Predictive values of the CONUT score were summarized by pooling the multivariable-adjusted risk ratios (RR) with 95 % CI for the malnourished v. normal nutritional status or per point CONUT score increase. PARTICIPANTS Ten studies involving 5196 patients with heart failure. RESULTS Malnourished patients with heart failure conferred a higher risk of all-cause mortality (RR 1·92; 95 % CI 1·58, 2·34) compared with the normal nutritional status. Subgroup analysis showed the malnourished patients with heart failure had an increased risk of in-hospital mortality (RR 1·78; 95 % CI 1·29, 2·46) and follow-up mortality (RR 2·01; 95 % CI 1·58, 2·57). Moreover, per point increase in CONUT score significantly increased 16% risk of all-cause mortality during the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Malnutrition defined by the CONUT score is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure. Assessment of nutritional status using CONUT score would be helpful for improving risk stratification of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12, Mid Urumuqi Road, Jingan District, Shanghai200040, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12, Mid Urumuqi Road, Jingan District, Shanghai200040, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yikai Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12, Mid Urumuqi Road, Jingan District, Shanghai200040, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaichun Ni
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12, Mid Urumuqi Road, Jingan District, Shanghai200040, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinping Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12, Mid Urumuqi Road, Jingan District, Shanghai200040, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12, Mid Urumuqi Road, Jingan District, Shanghai200040, People’s Republic of China
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Wang S, Liu K, Guan S, Cui G. Prognostic value of prealbumin, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, heart type fatty acid binding protein, and cardiac troponin I in elderly patients for heart failure and poor outcomes. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:300060521999742. [PMID: 34039072 PMCID: PMC8165533 DOI: 10.1177/0300060521999742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of serum prealbumin, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), heart type fatty acid binding protein (hFABP), and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) for heart failure and cardiac death in elderly patients. METHODS We studied 426 consecutive patients with New York Heart Association classes I to IV who were recruited between February 2014 and 2018. Cardiac mortality was the primary end point. Receiver operator characteristic curves were created to analyze predictive values. RESULTS When prealbumin, NT-proBNP, hFABP, and cTnI were combined, the areas under the receiver operator characteristic curve reached 0.930 and 0.903 for heart failure and cardiac death, respectively. Prealbumin, NT-proBNP, hFABP, and cTnI levels changed differently during therapy in patients in different prognosis groups. These parameters improved in patients who did not develop major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), but were unchanged or deteriorated in patients with MACEs. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that these parameters were significant independent risk factors for MACEs and cardiac death. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that serum prealbumin, NT-proBNP, hFABP, and cTnI levels are significant prognostic factors for elderly patients with poor cardiac function. These parameters are more accurate for prognosis when used together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhuo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Jinchang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Jinchang, China
| | - Ketong Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, China
| | - Shoukun Guan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, China
| | - Ge Cui
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
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Acharya R, Poudel D, Patel A, Schultz E, Bourgeois M, Paswan R, Stockholm S, Batten M, Kafle S, Atkinson A, Sarwar H. Low serum albumin and the risk of hospitalization in COVID-19 infection: A retrospective case-control study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250906. [PMID: 33930096 PMCID: PMC8087007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The data on the COVID-19 patients who were discharged to self-quarantine is lacking. AIM The aim of the study was to investigate the percentage of COVID-19 positive patients that were hospitalized within a three-week period after discharge from ED to self-quarantine. METHODS The patients who had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 on RT-PCR of the nasopharyngeal swab and were discharged from ED of a tertiary care hospital in the USA to self-quarantine from March 01- July 31, 2020, were included. Patients were divided into two groups based on serum albumin levels and were followed up for three weeks to see if low level of albumin increased the risk of hospitalization. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to study the effect of albumin level and outcomes. RESULTS A total of 112 patients were included in the study out of which 65 had low serum albumin (<3.5 g/dL) and 47 had normal serum albumin (≥3.5 g/dL). More than 10% of patients discharged to self-quarantine needed hospitalization within three weeks. The Low albumin group had more co-morbidities at baseline. The low serum albumin group had 10 (15.38%) vs 2 (4.26%), p = 0.06 hospitalizations as compared to the normal serum albumin group. The multivariate logistic regression analysis did not reveal lower odds of hospitalization in the group with normal albumin, (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.03-1.92, p = 0.19) after controlling for age, sex, and various co-morbidities. CONCLUSION The low serum albumin was not associated with the risk of hospitalization in COVID-19 patients who were initially discharged to self-quarantine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Acharya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cape Fear Valley Medical Center, Fayetteville, NC, United States of America
| | - Dilli Poudel
- Department of Rheumatology, Indiana Regional Medical Center, Indiana, PA, United States of America
| | - Aakash Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cape Fear Valley Medical Center, Fayetteville, NC, United States of America
| | - Evan Schultz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cape Fear Valley Medical Center, Fayetteville, NC, United States of America
| | - Michael Bourgeois
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cape Fear Valley Medical Center, Fayetteville, NC, United States of America
| | - Rishi Paswan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cape Fear Valley Medical Center, Fayetteville, NC, United States of America
| | - Scott Stockholm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cape Fear Valley Medical Center, Fayetteville, NC, United States of America
| | - Macylen Batten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cape Fear Valley Medical Center, Fayetteville, NC, United States of America
| | - Smita Kafle
- RN-BSN Program, Fayetteville State University, Fayetteville, NC, United States of America
| | - Amanda Atkinson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cape Fear Valley Medical Center, Fayetteville, NC, United States of America
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cape Fear Valley Medical Center, Fayetteville, NC, United States of America
| | - Hafiz Sarwar
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cape Fear Valley Medical Center, Fayetteville, NC, United States of America
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Serum albumin level for prediction of all-cause mortality in acute coronary syndrome patients: a meta-analysis. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:221444. [PMID: 31815281 PMCID: PMC6944666 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognostic utility of serum albumin level as a predictor of survival in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has attracted considerable attention. This meta-analysis sought to investigate the prognostic value of serum albumin level for predicting all-cause mortality in ACS patients. A systematic literature search was conducted in Pubmed and Embase databases until 5 March 2019. Epidemiological studies investigating the association between serum albumin level and all-cause mortality risk in ACS patients were included. Eight studies comprising 21667 ACS patients were included. Meta-analysis indicated that ACS patients with low serum albumin level had an increased risk of all-cause mortality (risk ratio [RR] 2.15; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.68-2.75) after adjusting for important covariates. Subgroup analysis showed that the impact of low serum albumin level was stronger in hospital mortality (RR 3.09; 95% CI 1.70-5.61) than long-term all-cause mortality (RR 1.75; 95% CI 1.54-1.98). This meta-analysis demonstrates that low serum albumin level is a powerful predictor of all-cause mortality in ACS patients, even after adjusting usual confounding factors. However, there is lack of clinical trials to demonstrate that correcting serum albumin level by means of intravenous infusion reduces the excess risk of death in ACS patients.
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El Iskandarani M, El Kurdi B, Murtaza G, Paul TK, Refaat MM. Prognostic role of albumin level in heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24785. [PMID: 33725833 PMCID: PMC7969328 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoalbuminemia (HA) is common in HF, however, its pathophysiology and clinical implications are poorly understood. While multiple studies have been published in the past decade investigating the role of serum albumin in HF, there is still no consensus on the prognostic value of this widely available measure. The objective of this study is to assess the prognostic role of albumin in heart failure (HF) patient. METHODS Unrestricted searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane databases were performed. The results were screened for relevance and eligibility criteria. Relevant data were extracted and analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. The Begg and Mazumdar rank correlation test was utilized to evaluate for publication bias. RESULTS A total of 48 studies examining 44,048 patients with HF were analyzed. HA was found in 32% (95% confidence interval [CI] 28.4%-37.4%) HF patients with marked heterogeneity (I2 = 98%). In 10 studies evaluating acute HF, in-hospital mortality was almost 4 times more likely in HA with an odds ratios (OR) of 3.77 (95% CI 1.96-7.23). HA was also associated with a significant increase in long-term mortality (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.36-1.64) especially at 1-year post-discharge (OR: 2.44; 95% CI: 2.05-2.91; I2 = 11%). Pooled area under the curve (AUC 0.73; 95% CI 0.67-0.78) was comparable to serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in predicting mortality in HF patients. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that HA is associated with significantly higher in-hospital mortality as well as long-term mortality with a predictive accuracy comparable to that reported for serum BNP. These findings suggest that serum albumin may be useful in determining high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Cardiology Division, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Timir K. Paul
- Cardiology Division, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Marwan M. Refaat
- Cardiology Division, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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Arques S. Serum albumin and cardiovascular disease: State-of-the-art review. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2020; 69:192-200. [PMID: 32797938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Conceptually, endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory conditions and oxidative stress are at the forefront of the onset and development of most cardiovascular diseases, particularly coronary artery disease and heart failure. Serum albumin has many physiological properties, including in particular antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant and anti-platelet aggregation activity. It also plays an essential role in the exchange of fluids across the capillary membrane. Hypoalbuminemia is a powerful prognostic marker in the general population as well as in many disease states. In the more specific context of cardiovascular disease, low serum albumin is independently associated with the development of various deleterious conditions such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, stroke and venous thromboembolism. Low serum albumin has also emerged as a potent prognostic parameter in patients with cardiovascular disease regardless of usual prognostic markers. Remarkably, its potent prognostic value persists after adjusting for causative confounders such as malnutrition and inflammation. This prognostic value probably refers primarily to the syndrome of malnutrition-inflammation and the severity of comorbidities. Nevertheless, several recent meta-analyses strongly support the hypothesis that hypoalbuminemia may act as an unrecognized, potentially modifiable risk factor contributing to the emergence and progression of cardiovascular disease, primarily by exacerbating oxidative stress, inflammation and platelet aggregation, and by favouring peripheral congestion and pulmonary edema. Currently, it is unknown whether prevention and correction of low serum albumin offers a benefit to patients with or at risk for cardiovascular disease, and further studies are critically needed in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arques
- Service de Cardiologie, Centre hospitalier Edmond Garcin, Avenue des Soeurs Gastine, 13400 Aubagne, France.
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