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van Veen A, Lescure DLA, Verhaegh SJC, de Goeij I, Erasmus V, van Beeck EF, Tjon-A-Tsien A, Splinter J, Christiaanse JC, Damen M, Huijskens EGW, Paltansing S, van Rijn M, Veenemans J, Vos MC, Severin JA. Contact investigations for antibiotic-resistant bacteria: a mixed-methods study of patients' comprehension of and compliance with self-sampling requests post-discharge. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2023; 12:77. [PMID: 37563633 PMCID: PMC10413776 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-023-01277-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contact investigation is an important tool to identify unrecognized patients who are colonized with antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Many Dutch hospitals include already discharged contact patients by sending them a self-sampling request at home, incl. an information letter and sampling materials. Each hospital composes these information letters on their own initiative, however, whether discharged patients comprehend and comply with these requests remains unclear. Therefore, the aim was to provide insight into patients' comprehension of and self-reported compliance with self-sampling requests post-discharge. METHODS This mixed-methods study was performed in eight Dutch hospitals. First, the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) language level of self-sampling request letters was established. Second, a questionnaire about patients' comprehension of the letter, self-reported compliance, and reasons for compliance or non-compliance were sent to patients that received such a request in 2018/2019. Finally, a random selection of questionnaire respondents was interviewed between January and March 2020 to gain additional insights. RESULTS CEFR levels of 15 letters were established. Four letters were assigned level B1, four letters B1-B2, and seven letters B2. The majority of patients reported good comprehension of the letter they had received. Conversely, some respondents indicated that information about the bacterium (18.4%), the way in which results would be communicated (18.1%), and the self-sampling instructions (9.7%) were (partially) unclear. Furthermore, self-reported compliance was high (88.8%). Reasons to comply were personal health (84.3%), the health of others (71.9%), and general patient safety (96.1%). Compliant patients appeared to have a need for confirmation, wanted to protect family and/or friends, and felt they were providing the hospital the ability to control the transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Although a limited number of non-compliant patients responded to the questionnaire, it seemed that more patients did not comply with self-sampling requests when they received a letter in a higher CEFR-level (B2) compared to a lower CEFR-level (< B2) (9.8% vs. 2.5%, P = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS This study showed an overall good comprehension of and high self-reported compliance with self-sampling requests post-discharge. Providing balanced information in self-sampling request letters has the potential to reduce patient's ambiguity and concerns, and can cause increased compliance with self-sampling requests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneloes van Veen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique L A Lescure
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Municipal Public Health Service Rotterdam-Rijnmond, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne J C Verhaegh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inge de Goeij
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vicki Erasmus
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ed F van Beeck
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aimée Tjon-A-Tsien
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Municipal Public Health Service Rotterdam-Rijnmond, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - José Splinter
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Franciscus Gasthuis and Vlietland, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marjolein Damen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maasstad General Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sunita Paltansing
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Franciscus Gasthuis and Vlietland, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel van Rijn
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Ikazia Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobien Veenemans
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Infection Prevention, Admiraal de Ruyter Hospital, Goes, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet C Vos
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juliëtte A Severin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Grano C, Singh Solorzano C, Di Pucchio A. Predictors of protective behaviours during the Italian Covid-19 pandemic: an application of protection motivation theory. Psychol Health 2022; 37:1584-1604. [PMID: 35459428 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2022.2062355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study investigated whether Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) constructs predicted recommended protective behaviours soon after the Italian lockdown and 1-year later. DESIGN A three-wave longitudinal design was used. Three-hundred-fifty-two adults completed online questionnaires with PMT and intention measures assessed during the Italian lockdown (T1), and behaviour measures assessed after 1-month (T2) and 1-year (T3). OUTCOME MEASURES Intentions to adopt behaviours (T1) and behaviour adherence at T2 and T3. RESULTS From T2 to T3, participants reported less adoption of distance behaviours, but higher face masks use. In SEM models, self-efficacy and perceived severity were the strongest predictors of intentions to engage in protective behaviours. Intentions (β = 0.490, p < 0.001) and fear arousal (β = 0.134 p = 0.035) predicted protective behaviours at T2. Intentions (β = 0.302, p = 0.001) and perceived severity (β = 0.431, p < 0.001) predicted protective behaviours at T3. CONCLUSION To increase intentions, intervention should highlight the severity of getting infected and target perceptions of one's ability to perform the protective behaviours. In addition, interventions should consider that at the beginning of the pandemic, fear predicted the adoption of preventive behaviours while perceived severity of the disease had a greater impact over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Grano
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Barnard S, Free C, Bakolis I, Turner KME, Looker KJ, Baraitser P. Comparing the characteristics of users of an online service for STI self-sampling with clinic service users: a cross-sectional analysis. Sex Transm Infect 2018; 94:377-383. [PMID: 29437985 PMCID: PMC6204942 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2017-053302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Online services for self-sampling at home could improve access to STI testing; however, little is known about those using this new modality of care. This study describes the characteristics of users of online services and compares them with users of clinic services. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of routinely collected data on STI testing activity from online and clinic sexual health services in Lambeth and Southwark between 1January 2016 and 31March 2016. Activity was included for chlamydia, gonorrhoea, HIV and syphilis testing for residents of the boroughs aged 16 years and older. Logistic regression models were used to explore potential associations between type of service use with age group, gender, ethnic group, sexual orientation, positivity and Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) quintiles. We used the same methods to explore potential associations between return of complete samples for testing with age group, gender, ethnic group, sexual orientation and IMD quintiles among online users. Results 6456 STI tests were carried out by residents in the boroughs. Of these, 3582 (55.5%) were performed using clinic services and 2874 (44.5%) using the online service. In multivariate analysis, online users were more likely than clinic users to be aged between 20 and 30 years, female, white British, homosexual or bisexual, test negative for chlamydia or gonorrhoea and live in less deprived areas. Of the individuals that ordered a kit from the online service, 72.5% returned sufficient samples. In multivariate analysis, returners were more likely than non-returners to be aged >20 years and white British. Conclusion Nearly half (44.5%) of all basic STI testing was done online, although the characteristics of users of clinic and online services differed and positivity rates for those using the online service for testing were lower. Clinics remain an important point of access for some groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmani Barnard
- School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Global Health and Health Partnerships, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Caroline Free
- Faculty of Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ioannis Bakolis
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Services Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katy M E Turner
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Bristol Vet School, University of Bristol, Bath, UK
| | - Katharine J Looker
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Paula Baraitser
- School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Global Health and Health Partnerships, King's College London, London, UK
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Xiao H, Peng M, Yan H, Gao M, Li J, Yu B, Wu H, Li S. An instrument based on protection motivation theory to predict Chinese adolescents' intention to engage in protective behaviors against schistosomiasis. Glob Health Res Policy 2016; 1:15. [PMID: 29202064 PMCID: PMC5693510 DOI: 10.1186/s41256-016-0015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Further advancement in schistosomiasis prevention requires new tools to assess protective motivation, and promote innovative intervention program. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an instrument developed based on the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) to predict protective behavior intention against schistosomiasis among adolescents in China. Methods We developed the Schistosomiasis PMT Scale based on two appraisal pathways of protective motivation- threat appraisal pathway and coping appraisal pathway. Data from a large sample of middle school students (n = 2238, 51 % male, mean age 13.13 ± 1.10) recruited in Hubei, China was used to evaluated the validity and reliability of the scale. Results The final scale contains 18 items with seven sub-constructs. Cronbach's Alpha coefficients for the entire instrument was 0.76, and for the seven sub-constructs of severity, vulnerability, intrinsic reward, extrinsic reward, response efficacy, self-efficacy and response cost was 0.56, 0.82, 0.75, 0.80, 0.90, 0.72 and 0.70, respectively. The construct validity analysis revealed that the one level 7 sub-constructs model fitted data well (GFI = 0.98, CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.03, Chi-sq/df = 3.90, p < 0.001). Predictive validity showed that both the PMT instrument score and the 7 sub-construct scores were significantly correlated with the intention engaged in protective behavior against schistosomiasis (p < 0.05). Conclusions This study provides a reliable and valid tool to measure protective motivation in schistosomiasis prevention control. Further studies are needed to develop more effective intervention programs for schistosomiasis prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xiao
- School of Health Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China.,Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Minjin Peng
- School of Health Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China.,Department of Infection Control, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei China
| | - Hong Yan
- School of Health Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China.,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Mengting Gao
- School of Health Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China.,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Jingjing Li
- School of Health Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China.,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China.,Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Hanbo Wu
- School of Demography, College of Arts and Social Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT Australia
| | - Shiyue Li
- School of Health Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China.,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China
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Powell R, Pattison HM, Marriott JF. Perceptions of Self-Testing for Chlamydia: Understanding and Predicting Self-Test Use. Healthcare (Basel) 2016; 4:E25. [PMID: 27417613 PMCID: PMC4934578 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare4020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-testing technology allows people to test themselves for chlamydia without professional support. This may result in reassurance and wider access to chlamydia testing, but anxiety could occur on receipt of positive results. This study aimed to identify factors important in understanding self-testing for chlamydia outside formal screening contexts, to explore the potential impacts of self-testing on individuals, and to identify theoretical constructs to form a Framework for future research and intervention development. METHODS Eighteen university students participated in semi-structured interviews; eleven had self-tested for chlamydia. Data were analysed thematically usingaFrameworkapproach. RESULTS Perceivedbenefitsofself-testingincludeditsbeingconvenient, anonymousandnotrequiringphysicalexamination. Therewasconcernabouttestaccuracyandsome participants lacked confidence in using vulvo-vaginal swabs. While some participants expressed concern about the absence of professional support, all said they would seek help on receiving a positive result. Factors identified in Protection Motivation Theory and the Theory of Planned Behaviour, such as response efficacy and self-efficacy, were found to be highly salient to participants in thinking about self-testing. CONCLUSIONS These exploratory findings suggest that self-testing independentlyofformalhealthcaresystemsmaynomorenegativelyimpactpeoplethanbeingtested by health care professionals. Participants' perceptions about self-testing behaviour were consistent with psychological theories. Findings suggest that interventions which increase confidence in using self-tests and that provide reassurance of test accuracy may increase self-test intentions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Powell
- School of Psychological Sciences & Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
| | - Helen M Pattison
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom.
| | - John F Marriott
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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