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Velchev V, Burev S, Ferdinandov D, Popov D, Vasileva P, Petrova S, Petrov PP, Hyusein RR, Penchev P. Awake Craniotomy for a Frontal Astrocytoma: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e59667. [PMID: 38836145 PMCID: PMC11149057 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Awake craniotomy is a surgical procedure that has been gaining significance over the past decades. Neuronavigation is an intraoperative technology that locates tumors and monitors the brain cortex during awake craniotomy. The presence of cerebral low-grade gliomas in the frontal lobe creates a risk of affecting vital centers of the brain cortex during surgery. We present a clinical case of a 42-year-old male patient who entered the neurosurgery clinic with a clinical manifestation of headache for two months. MRI showed evidence of the recurrence of a left frontal glioma. Differential diagnoses of frontal gliomas include metastases, abscesses, and cysts. The pathophysiologic background of the disease is the mutation of neuroglial cells, which leads to an abnormal and uncontrollable proliferation. Under sleep-awake anesthesia, operative treatment was performed through left frontal awake craniotomy under neuronavigation. As a result, a total excision was achieved. Motor functions of the right limbs and speech have been preserved. The patient was mobilized on the day after the intervention. Surgery-related complications were not observed. The patient had relief from the symptoms and was discharged on the fifth day. Awake craniotomy combined with neuronavigation was the most efficient and the least harmful method for the excision of the tumor. For low-grade gliomas localized in the frontal area of the encephalon, awake craniotomy is the only secure option for surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Burev
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski", Sofia, BGR
| | - Dilyan Ferdinandov
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski", Sofia, BGR
| | - Deyan Popov
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski", Sofia, BGR
| | - Petra Vasileva
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski", Sofia, BGR
| | - Stela Petrova
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, University Multi-profile Hospital for Active Treatment and Emergency Medicine (UMHATEM) - Pirogov, Sofia, BGR
| | - Petar-Preslav Petrov
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, BGR
| | - Remzi R Hyusein
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, BGR
| | - Plamen Penchev
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, BGR
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Federico G, Osiurak F, Ciccarelli G, Ilardi CR, Cavaliere C, Tramontano L, Alfano V, Migliaccio M, Di Cecca A, Salvatore M, Brandimonte MA. On the functional brain networks involved in tool-related action understanding. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1163. [PMID: 37964121 PMCID: PMC10645930 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tool-use skills represent a significant cognitive leap in human evolution, playing a crucial role in the emergence of complex technologies. Yet, the neural mechanisms underlying such capabilities are still debated. Here we explore with fMRI the functional brain networks involved in tool-related action understanding. Participants viewed images depicting action-consistent (e.g., nail-hammer) and action-inconsistent (e.g., scarf-hammer) object-tool pairs, under three conditions: semantic (recognizing the tools previously seen in the pairs), mechanical (assessing the usability of the pairs), and control (looking at the pairs without explicit tasks). During the observation of the pairs, task-based left-brain functional connectivity differed within conditions. Compared to the control, both the semantic and mechanical conditions exhibited co-activations in dorsal (precuneus) and ventro-dorsal (inferior frontal gyrus) regions. However, the semantic condition recruited medial and posterior temporal areas, whereas the mechanical condition engaged inferior parietal and posterior temporal regions. Also, when distinguishing action-consistent from action-inconsistent pairs, an extensive frontotemporal neural circuit was activated. These findings support recent accounts that view tool-related action understanding as the combined product of semantic and mechanical knowledge. Furthermore, they emphasize how the left inferior parietal and anterior temporal lobes might be considered as hubs for the cross-modal integration of physical and conceptual knowledge, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - François Osiurak
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EA 3082), Université de Lyon, Bron, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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Federico G, Osiurak F, Brandimonte MA. Hazardous tools: the emergence of reasoning in human tool use. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2021; 85:3108-3118. [PMID: 33404904 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-020-01466-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Humans are unique in the way they understand the causal relationships between the use of tools and achieving a goal. The idea at the core of the present research is that tool use can be considered as an instance of problem-solving situations supported by technical reasoning. In an eye-tracking study, we investigated the fixation patterns of participants (N = 32) looking at 3D images of thematically consistent (e.g., nail-steel hammer) and thematically inconsistent (e.g., scarf-steel hammer) object-tool pairs that could be either "hazardous" (accidentally electrified) or not. Results showed that under thematically consistent conditions, participants focused on the tool's manipulation area (e.g., the handle of a steel hammer). However, when electrified tools were present or when the visual scene was not action-prompting, regardless of the presence of electricity, the tools' functional/identity areas (e.g., the head of a steel hammer) were fixated longer than the tools' manipulation areas. These results support an integrated and reasoning-based approach to human tool use and document, for the first time, the crucial role of mechanical/semantic knowledge in tool visual exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - François Osiurak
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Maria A Brandimonte
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Suor Orsola Benincasa University, Naples, Italy
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Abstract
Alien hand syndrome (AHS) is a rare disorder of involuntary limb movement together with a sense of loss of limb ownership. It most commonly affects the hand, but can occur in the leg. The anterior (frontal, callosal) and posterior variants are recognized, with distinguishing clinical features and anatomical lesions. Initial descriptions were attributed to stroke and neurosurgical operations, but neurodegenerative causes are now recognized as most common. Structural and functional imaging and clinical studies have implicated the supplementary motor area, pre-supplementary motor area, and their network connections in the frontal variant of AHS, and the inferior parietal lobule and connections in the posterior variant. Several theories are proposed to explain the pathophysiology. Herein, we review the literature to update advances in the understanding of the classification, pathophysiology, etiology, and treatment of AHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anhar Hassan
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Keith A Josephs
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
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John Lin CC, Yu K, Hatcher A, Huang TW, Lee HK, Carlson J, Weston MC, Chen F, Zhang Y, Zhu W, Mohila CA, Ahmed N, Patel AJ, Arenkiel BR, Noebels JL, Creighton CJ, Deneen B. Identification of diverse astrocyte populations and their malignant analogs. Nat Neurosci 2017; 20:396-405. [PMID: 28166219 PMCID: PMC5824716 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the brain, where they perform a wide array of functions, yet the nature of their cellular heterogeneity and how it oversees these diverse roles remains shrouded in mystery. Using an intersectional fluorescence-activated cell sorting-based strategy, we identified five distinct astrocyte subpopulations present across three brain regions that show extensive molecular diversity. Application of this molecular insight toward function revealed that these populations differentially support synaptogenesis between neurons. We identified correlative populations in mouse and human glioma and found that the emergence of specific subpopulations during tumor progression corresponded with the onset of seizures and tumor invasion. In sum, we have identified subpopulations of astrocytes in the adult brain and their correlates in glioma that are endowed with diverse cellular, molecular and functional properties. These populations selectively contribute to synaptogenesis and tumor pathophysiology, providing a blueprint for understanding diverse astrocyte contributions to neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ching John Lin
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kwanha Yu
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Asante Hatcher
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Teng-Wei Huang
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hyun Kyoung Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Neurological Research Institute at Texas' Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey Carlson
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew C Weston
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Vermont, Vermont, USA
| | - Fengju Chen
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Division of Biostatistics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Division of Biostatistics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wenyi Zhu
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Carrie A Mohila
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nabil Ahmed
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Akash J Patel
- Neurological Research Institute at Texas' Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Benjamin R Arenkiel
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Neurological Research Institute at Texas' Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Noebels
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Division of Biostatistics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Benjamin Deneen
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Neurological Research Institute at Texas' Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Fang S, Wang Y, Jiang T. The Influence of Frontal Lobe Tumors and Surgical Treatment on Advanced Cognitive Functions. World Neurosurg 2016; 91:340-6. [PMID: 27072331 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Brain cognitive functions affect patient quality of life. The frontal lobe plays a crucial role in advanced cognitive functions, including executive function, meta-cognition, decision-making, memory, emotion, and language. Therefore, frontal tumors can lead to serious cognitive impairments. Currently, neurosurgical treatment is the primary method to treat brain tumors; however, the effects of the surgical treatments are difficult to predict or control. The treatment may both resolve the effects of the tumor to improve cognitive function or cause permanent disabilities resulting from damage to healthy functional brain tissue. Previous studies have focused on the influence of frontal lesions and surgical treatments on patient cognitive function. Here, we review cognitive impairment caused by frontal lobe brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Fang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinyan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Brain Tumor Center, Beijing, China.
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Sarva H, Deik A, Severt WL. Pathophysiology and treatment of alien hand syndrome. TREMOR AND OTHER HYPERKINETIC MOVEMENTS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 4:241. [PMID: 25506043 PMCID: PMC4261226 DOI: 10.7916/d8vx0f48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Alien hand syndrome (AHS) is a disorder of involuntary, yet purposeful,
hand movements that may be accompanied by agnosia, aphasia, weakness, or sensory
loss. We herein review the most reported cases, current understanding of the
pathophysiology, and treatments. Methods We performed a PubMed search in July of 2014 using the phrases “alien hand
syndrome,” “alien hand syndrome pathophysiology,” “alien
hand syndrome treatment,” and “anarchic hand syndrome.” The
search yielded 141 papers (reviews, case reports, case series, and clinical
studies), of which we reviewed 109. Non-English reports without
English abstracts were excluded. Results Accumulating evidence indicates that there are three AHS variants: frontal,
callosal, and posterior. Patients may demonstrate symptoms of multiple types;
there is a lack of correlation between phenomenology and neuroimaging findings.
Most pathologic and functional imaging studies suggest network disruption causing
loss of inhibition as the likely cause. Successful interventions include botulinum
toxin injections, clonazepam, visuospatial coaching techniques, distracting the
affected hand, and cognitive behavioral therapy. Discussion The available literature suggests that overlap between AHS subtypes is common. The
evidence for effective treatments remains anecdotal, and, given the rarity of AHS,
the possibility of performing randomized, placebo-controlled trials seems
unlikely. As with many other interventions for movement disorders, identifying the
specific functional impairments caused by AHS may provide the best guidance
towards individualized supportive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Sarva
- Department of Neurology, Maimonides Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andres Deik
- Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Exaggerated object affordance and absent automatic inhibition in alien hand syndrome. Cortex 2013; 49:2040-54. [PMID: 23433243 PMCID: PMC3764336 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Patients with alien hand syndrome (AHS) experience making apparently deliberate and purposeful movements with their hand against their will. However, the mechanisms contributing to these involuntary actions remain poorly understood. Here, we describe two experimental investigations in a patient with corticobasal syndrome (CBS) with alien hand behaviour in her right hand. First, we show that responses with the alien hand are made significantly more quickly to images of objects which afford an action with that hand compared to objects which afford an action with the unaffected hand. This finding suggests that involuntary grasping behaviours in AHS might be due to exaggerated, automatic motor activation evoked by objects which afford actions with that limb. Second, using a backwards masked priming task, we found normal automatic inhibition of primed responses in the patient's unaffected hand, but importantly there was no evidence of such suppression in the alien limb. Taken together, these findings suggest that grasping behaviours in AHS may result from exaggerated object affordance effects, which might potentially arise from disrupted inhibition of automatically evoked responses.
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