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Klein SD, Teich CD, Pokorny VJ, Rawls E, Olman CA, Sponheim SR. Altered Use of Context During Visual Perception in Psychotic Psychopathology: A Neurophysiological Investigation of Tuned and Untuned Suppression During Contrast Perception. Schizophr Bull 2024:sbae103. [PMID: 39148463 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbae103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS The human visual system streamlines visual processing by suppressing responses to textures that are similar to their surrounding context. Surround suppression is weaker in individuals with schizophrenia (ISZ); this altered use of visuospatial context may relate to the characteristic visual distortions they experience. STUDY DESIGN To understand atypical surround suppression in psychotic psychopathology, we investigated neurophysiological responses in ISZ, healthy controls (HC), individuals with bipolar disorder (IBP), and first-degree relatives (ISZR/IBPR). Participants performed a contrast judgment task on a circular target with annular surrounds, with concurrent electroencephalography. Orientation-independent (untuned) suppression was estimated from responses to central targets with orthogonal surrounds; the orientation-dependence of suppression was estimated by fitting an exponential function to the increase in suppression as surrounds became more aligned with the center. RESULTS ISZ exhibited weakened untuned suppression coupled with enhanced orientation-dependence of suppression. The N1 visual evoked potential was associated with the orientation-dependence of suppression, with ISZ and ISZR (but not IBP or IBPR) showing enhanced orientation-dependence of the N1. Collapsed across orientation conditions, the N1 for ISZ lacked asymmetry toward the right hemisphere; this reduction in N1 asymmetry was associated with reduced untuned suppression, real-world perceptual anomalies, and psychotic psychopathology. The overall amplitude of the N1 was reduced in ISZ and IBP. CONCLUSIONS Key measures of symptomatology for ISZ are associated with reductions in untuned suppression. Increased sensitivity for ISZ to the relative orientation of suppressive surrounds is reflected in the N1 VEP, which is commonly associated with higher-level visual functions such as allocation of spatial attention or scene segmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D Klein
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Collin D Teich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Victor J Pokorny
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eric Rawls
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Cheryl A Olman
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Scott R Sponheim
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Jung W, Kang JG, Jeon H, Shim M, Sun Kim J, Leem HS, Lee SH. Neural correlates of the eye dominance effect in human face perception: the left-visual-field superiority for faces revisited. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2017; 12:1342-1350. [PMID: 28379584 PMCID: PMC5597872 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsx056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Faces are processed best when they are presented in the left visual field (LVF), a phenomenon known as LVF superiority. Although one eye contributes more when perceiving faces, it is unclear how the dominant eye (DE), the eye we unconsciously use when performing a monocular task, affects face processing. Here, we examined the influence of the DE on the LVF superiority for faces using event-related potentials. Twenty left-eye-dominant (LDE group) and 23 right-eye-dominant (RDE group) participants performed the experiments. Face stimuli were randomly presented in the LVF or right visual field (RVF). The RDE group exhibited significantly larger N170 amplitudes compared with the LDE group. Faces presented in the LVF elicited N170 amplitudes that were significantly more negative in the RDE group than they were in the LDE group, whereas the amplitudes elicited by stimuli presented in the RVF were equivalent between the groups. The LVF superiority was maintained in the RDE group but not in the LDE group. Our results provide the first neural evidence of the DE’s effects on the LVF superiority for faces. We propose that the RDE may be more biologically specialized for face processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wookyoung Jung
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Inje University, Goyang 10380, Korea
| | - Joong-Gu Kang
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Inje University, Goyang 10380, Korea.,Department of Optometry, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Korea
| | - Hyeonjin Jeon
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Inje University, Goyang 10380, Korea
| | - Miseon Shim
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Inje University, Goyang 10380, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Ji Sun Kim
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Inje University, Goyang 10380, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sung Leem
- Department of Optometry, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Inje University, Goyang 10380, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Goyang 10380, Korea
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Effects of eye dominance (left vs. right) and cannabis use on intermanual coordination and negative symptoms in schizophrenia patients. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2014; 264:683-95. [PMID: 24792218 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-014-0503-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Based on the previous findings, it has been assumed that in schizophrenia patients, eye dominance and cannabis use will affect negative symptoms and intermanual coordination (IMC), an index of interhemispheric communication. But eye dominance, specifically the clinical findings for it, has been neglected in schizophrenia research. We therefore investigated its effects in 52 right-handed (36 right-eyed and 16 left-eyed) and 51 left-handed (35 left-eyed and 16 right-eyed) schizophrenia in-patients without and with drug use. Eye dominance affected IMC in all schizophrenia patients. When comparing right- and left-handers, we found that this result was only significant in the right-handed patients and in the smaller subgroup without drug use. In the right-handers, left eye dominance-like left-handedness-was associated with higher values in IMC and less pronounced manifestation of negative symptoms, right eye dominance was not. Thus, left-eyed right-handers may be more closely related to left-handers than to right-handers. In accordance with the results from the literature, we suggest that these findings are due to better interhemispheric connections and less impairment of white matter structures, especially in right-hemispheric regions. Moreover, cannabis use was related to higher scores in IMC and less pronounced negative symptoms, but only in the right-eyed and not in the left-eyed right-handers or in the left-handers. Hence, differences in eye dominance and handedness may be partially responsible for different results in interhemispheric connections among cannabis users. In conclusion, both eye dominance and use of cannabis should be taken into account when assessing clinical symptoms in schizophrenia patients.
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Crow TJ. The XY gene hypothesis of psychosis: origins and current status. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2013; 162B:800-24. [PMID: 24123874 PMCID: PMC4065359 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences in psychosis and their interaction with laterality (systematic departures from 50:50 left-right symmetry across the antero-posterior neural axis) are reviewed in the context of the X-Y gene hypothesis. Aspects of laterality (handedness/cerebral asymmetry/the torque) predict (1) verbal and non-verbal ability in childhood and across adult life and (2) anatomical, physiological, and linguistic variation relating to psychosis. Neuropsychological and MRI evidence from individuals with sex chromosome aneuploidies indicates that laterality is associated with an X-Y homologous gene pair. Within each mammalian species the complement of such X-Y gene pairs reflects their potential to account for taxon-specific sexual dimorphisms. As a consequence of the mechanism of meiotic suppression of unpaired chromosomes such X-Y gene pairs generate epigenetic variation around a species defining motif that is carried to the zygote with potential to initiate embryonic gene expression in XX or XY format. The Protocadherin11XY (PCDH11XY) gene pair in Xq21.3/Yp11.2 in probable coordination with a gene or genes within PAR2 (the second pseudo-autosomal region) is the prime candidate in relation to cerebral asymmetry and psychosis in Homo sapiens. The lately-described pattern of sequence variation associated with psychosis on the autosomes may reflect a component of the human genome's adjustment to selective pressures generated by the sexually dimorphic mate recognition system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Crow
- Department of Psychiatry, SANE POWIC, Warneford Hospital, University of OxfordOxford, UK
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Florio V, Savazzi S, Conca A, Marzi CA. Differential impairment of interhemispheric transmission in bipolar disease. Exp Brain Res 2013; 230:175-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-013-3642-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Swanson N, Eichele T, Pearlson G, Kiehl K, Yu Q, Calhoun VD. Lateral differences in the default mode network in healthy controls and patients with schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp 2012; 32:654-64. [PMID: 21391254 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.21055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate lateral differences in the intrinsic fluctuations comprising the default mode network (DMN) for healthy controls (HCs) and patients with schizophrenia (SZ), both during rest and during an auditory oddball (AOD) task. Our motivation for this study comes from multiple prior hypotheses of disturbed hemispheric asymmetry in SZ and more recently observed lateral abnormalities in the DMN for SZ during AOD. We hypothesized that significant lateral differences would be found in HCs during both rest and AOD, and SZ would show differences from HCs due to hemispheric dysfunction. Our study examined 28 HCs and 28 outpatients with schizophrenia. The scans were conducted on a Siemens Allegra 3T dedicated head scanner. There were numerous crossgroup lateral fluctuations that were found in both AOD and rest. During the resting state, within-group results showed the largest functional asymmetries in the inferior parietal lobule for HCs, whereas functional asymmetries were seen in posterior cingulate gyrus for SZ. Comparing asymmetries between groups, in resting state and/or performing AOD, areas showing significant differences between group (HC > SZ) included inferior parietal lobule and posterior cingulate. Our results support the hypothesis that schizophrenia is characterized by abnormal hemispheric asymmetry. Secondly, the number of similarities in crossgroup AOD and rest data suggests that neurological disruptions in SZ that may cause evoked symptoms are also detectable in SZ during resting conditions. Furthermore, the results suggest a reduction in activity in language-related areas for SZ compared to HCs during rest.
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Matsuda Y, Matsui M, Tonoya Y, Ebihara N, Kurachi M. Useful visual field in patients with schizophrenia: a choice reaction time study. Percept Mot Skills 2011; 112:369-81. [PMID: 21667748 DOI: 10.2466/15.19.22.27.pms.112.2.369-381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the size of the useful visual field in patients (9 men, 6 women) with schizophrenia. A choice reaction task was conducted, and performances at 2.5, 5, 7, 10, and 25 degrees in both visual fields were measured. Three key findings were shown. First, patients had slower choice reaction times (choice RTs) than normal controls. Second, patients had slower choice RTs in the right visual field than in the left visual field. Third, patients and normal controls showed the same U-shaped choice RT pattern. The first and second findings were consistent with those of other studies. The third finding was a clear indication of the patients' performance in peripheral vision, and a comparison with normal controls suggested that there was no difference in the size of the useful visual field, at least within
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Ortuño F, Guillén-Grima F, López-García P, Gómez J, Pla J. Functional neural networks of time perception: challenge and opportunity for schizophrenia research. Schizophr Res 2011; 125:129-35. [PMID: 21041067 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
With the double objective of searching for a physiological brain circuit concerned with time estimation and establishing whether this circuit is dysfunctional in schizophrenia patients, we carried out an activation likelihood estimate (ALE) meta-analysis of published functional neuroimaging studies. Our results reproduce the previous finding of a neurophysiological cortico-cerebellar-thalamic circuit related with time estimation in healthy individuals. In schizophrenia patients, the analysis indicates significantly lower activation of most right hemisphere regions of the circuit, suggesting that it may be subject to a pattern of disconnectivity. The ALE-meta-analysis approach is useful and further studies could elucidate how the timing circuit is connected with other cognitive tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Ortuño
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Navarra, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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Lee H, Kydd RR, Lim VK, Kirk IJ, Russell BR. Effects of trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP) on interhemispheric communication. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2011; 213:707-14. [PMID: 20924753 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-010-2025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 'Party Pills' containing trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP) and benzylpiperazine are legally available in many countries and marketed as safe alternatives to other illicit substances such as methamphetamine and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (or Ecstasy). They have gained huge popularity around the world, especially amongst young adults. However, there is no information currently available describing the acute neurophysiological effects of these psychoactive drugs in humans. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of TFMPP on central information processing speed in humans. METHODS A randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled study using electroencephalography (EEG) was carried out to investigate the effects of TFMPP on interhemispheric transfer time (IHTT). Healthy, right-handed males (age: 25 ± 5.6 years) were given placebo (n = 15) or TFMPP (0.94 mg/kg, oral, n = 15) and tested both pre- and 2 h post-drug administration. High-density EEG recordings (128 channels which were re-referenced using an average reference to make 129 electrodes) were used to record event-related potentials. The N160 component was defined as the biggest negative peak in the range between 140 and 220 ms after the event. The IHHTs were analysed by deducting the N160 latency obtained in the contralateral hemisphere from the N160 latency obtained in the hemisphere ipsilateral to stimulus signal. RESULTS Statistical analysis using a split-plot design analysis of variance revealed that TFMPP significantly reduced the IHTT but did not affect reaction time. No statistically significant changes were observed in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to report the neurophysiological effects of TFMPP in humans and suggests that TFMPP may affect transmitter systems involved in speeding of interhemispheric communication in the male brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- HeeSeung Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Jalili M, Meuli R, Do KQ, Hasler M, Crow TJ, Knyazeva MG. Attenuated asymmetry of functional connectivity in schizophrenia: a high-resolution EEG study. Psychophysiology 2010; 47:706-16. [PMID: 20102536 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00971.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The interhemispheric asymmetries that originate from connectivity-related structuring of the cortex are compromised in schizophrenia (SZ). Under the assumption that such abnormalities affect functional connectivity, we analyzed its correlate-EEG synchronization-in SZ patients and matched controls. We applied multivariate synchronization measures based on Laplacian EEG and tuned to various spatial scales. Compared to the controls who had rightward asymmetry at a local level (EEG power), rightward anterior and leftward posterior asymmetries at an intraregional level (1st and 2nd order S-estimator), and rightward global asymmetry (hemispheric S-estimator), SZ patients showed generally attenuated asymmetry, the effect being strongest for intraregional synchronization in the alpha and beta bands. The abnormalities of asymmetry increased with the duration of the disease and correlated with the negative symptoms. We discuss the tentative links between these findings and gross anatomical asymmetries, including the cerebral torque and gyrification pattern, in normal subjects and SZ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Jalili
- Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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Christodoulou GN, Margariti M, Kontaxakis VP, Christodoulou NG. The delusional misidentification syndromes: strange, fascinating, and instructive. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2009; 11:185-9. [PMID: 19470279 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-009-0029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The delusional misidentification syndromes (Capgras' syndrome, Frégoli syndrome, intermetamorphosis syndrome, syndrome of subjective doubles) are rare psychopathologic phenomena that occur primarily in the setting of schizophrenic illness, affective disorder, and organic illness. They are grouped together because they often co-occur and interchange, and their basic theme is the concept of the double (sosie). They are distinguished as hypoidentifications (Capgras' syndrome) and hyperidentifications (the other three syndromes). In this review, we present the basic hypotheses that have been put forward to explain these syndromes and propose that the appearance of these syndromes must alert physicians to investigate the existence of possible organic contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- George N Christodoulou
- Athens University, Hellenic Center for Mental Health and Research, Vasilissis Sofias Avenue 52, Athens 115 28, Greece.
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McCourt ME, Shpaner M, Javitt DC, Foxe JJ. Hemispheric asymmetry and callosal integration of visuospatial attention in schizophrenia: a tachistoscopic line bisection study. Schizophr Res 2008; 102:189-96. [PMID: 18485672 PMCID: PMC2504504 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2008.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2006] [Revised: 03/14/2008] [Accepted: 03/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A hallmark of visuospatial neglect syndrome is that patients with lesions to right parietal cortex misbisect horizontal lines far rightward of veridical center. Neurologically normal subjects misbisect lines with a systematic leftward bias (pseudoneglect). Both phenomena, as well as neuroimaging studies, disclose a predominant right-hemisphere control of spatial attention. Numerous studies of patients with schizophrenia have implicated global deficits of either right or left hemisphere function, as well as compromised integrity of the corpus callosum. METHODS To better understand the functional implications of schizophrenia we utilized a forced-choice tachistoscopic line bisection task to probe the status of right-hemisphere control of spatial attention, and compared left- versus right-hand unimanual responses to index the degree of callosal transfer of visuospatial information in both patient and control groups. RESULTS In contrast to the significant leftward bisection errors of control subjects, patients exhibit no significant leftward error. Whereas control subjects evince a significant correlation between left- and right-hand bisection errors, patients lack a significant intermanual correlation. CONCLUSIONS The lack of significant leftward bisection error of patients implies a deficit of right-hemisphere function. The lack of a significant correlation between left- and right-hand bisection errors in patients implies a loss of callosal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E McCourt
- Center for Visual Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, 58105, USA.
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Kumari V, Das M, Zachariah E, Ettinger U, Sharma T. Reduced prepulse inhibition in unaffected siblings of schizophrenia patients. Psychophysiology 2005; 42:588-94. [PMID: 16176381 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2005.00346.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether prepulse inhibition of the startle response is reduced in siblings of schizophrenia patients compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Nineteen unaffected biological siblings and 19 controls were assessed on prepulse inhibition by monaural and binaural acoustic prepulse stimuli, with the startle stimuli always presented binaurally. There was significantly less prepulse inhibition in siblings, compared to controls, with binaural prepulse stimuli, as also seen previously in schizophrenia patients. The difference between siblings and controls in prepulse inhibition with the left or right ear prepulse stimuli was not significant because of a pronounced increase in prepulse inhibition with monaural, relative to binaural, prepulses in the sibling group. High schizotypal ratings were mildly associated with reduced prepulse inhibition. Prepulse inhibition may provide a useful measure in the search for schizophrenia genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Kumari
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
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