1
|
Girardi D, Dal Corso L, Arcucci E, Yıldırım M, Pividori I, Prandi A, Falco A. Hair dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate as biomarker of employees' well-being? A longitudinal investigation of support, resilience, and work engagement during COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1337839. [PMID: 38572210 PMCID: PMC10987734 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1337839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Building on the motivational process of the job demands-resources (JD-R) theory, in the current research we investigated the longitudinal association between supervisor support/resilience as job/personal resources, work engagement (WE) and hair dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, or DHEA(S), as a possible biomarker of employees' well-being. Methods In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, 122 workers completed two self-report questionnaires (i.e., psychological data): the former at Time 1 (T1) and the latter three months afterwards, at Time 2 (T2). Participants also collected a strand of hair (i.e., biological data) at T2. Results Results from path analysis showed that both SS and resilience at T1 were positively related to WE at T2, which, in its turn, was positively related to hair DHEA(S) at T2. Both SS and resilience at T1 had a positive indirect effect on hair DHEA(S) at T2 through WE at T2, which fully mediated the association between job/personal resources and hair DHEA(S). Discussion Overall, results are consistent with the motivational process of the JD-R. Furthermore, this study provides preliminary evidence for the role of hair DHEA(S) as a biomarker of WE, a type of work-related subjective well-being that plays a central role in the motivational process of the JD-R, leading to favorable personal and organizational outcomes. Finally, the article outlines practical implications for organizations and professionals to foster WE within the workplace.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Girardi
- FISPPA Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Dal Corso
- FISPPA Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Elvira Arcucci
- FISPPA Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Murat Yıldırım
- Department of Psychology, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Ağrı, Türkiye
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Social and Educational Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Isabella Pividori
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Alberto Prandi
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Alessandra Falco
- FISPPA Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zuo T. From Tolerance for Ambiguity to Stress and Anxiety: The Mediating Role of Need for Cognitive Closure Among Chinese University Students. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231212833. [PMID: 37936412 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231212833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Based on the Entropy Model of Uncertainty, this study examined the relationship between tolerance for ambiguity and stress and anxiety, as well as the mediating roles of overall need for cognitive closure and its dimensions in this relationship. Four hundred and eighty-eight Chinese university students were recruited online and completed the survey voluntarily and anonymously. The results of structural equation modeling revealed that tolerance for ambiguity negatively predicted students' perceived stress and anxiety. Moreover, overall need for cognitive closure, as well as its dimensions of preference for order and decisiveness played full mediating roles in this relationship. Specifically, tolerance for ambiguity negatively predicted students' overall need for cognitive closure, preference for order, preference for predictability, decisiveness, and closed-mindedness. Further, preference for order negatively predicted students' perceived stress and anxiety, while overall need for cognitive closure and decisiveness positively predicted such. However, preference for predictability and closed-mindedness were not significant predictors of perceived stress and anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zuo
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Falco A, Girardi D, Elfering A, Peric T, Pividori I, Dal Corso L. Is Smart Working Beneficial for Workers' Wellbeing? A Longitudinal Investigation of Smart Working, Workload, and Hair Cortisol/Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6220. [PMID: 37444069 PMCID: PMC10341102 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20136220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Building on the job demands-resources (JD-R) and allostatic load (AL) models, in the present study we examined the role of smart working (SW) in the longitudinal association between workload/job autonomy (JA) and a possible biomarker of work-related stress (WRS) in the hair-namely, the cortisol-dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA(S)) ratio-during the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, 124 workers completed a self-report questionnaire (i.e., psychological data) at Time 1 (T1) and provided a strand of hair (i.e., biological data) three months later (Time 2, T2). Results from moderated multiple regression analysis showed that SW at T1 was negatively associated with the hair cortisol/DHEA(S) ratio at T2. Additionally, the interaction between workload and SW was significant, with workload at T1 being positively associated with the hair cortisol/DHEA(S) ratio at T2 among smart workers. Overall, this study indicates that SW is a double-edged sword, with both positive and negative consequences on employee wellbeing. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the hair cortisol/DHEA(S) ratio is a promising biomarker of WRS. Practical implications that organizations and practitioners can adopt to prevent WRS and promote organizational wellbeing are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Falco
- FISPPA Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Damiano Girardi
- FISPPA Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Achim Elfering
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Peric
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Isabella Pividori
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Laura Dal Corso
- FISPPA Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Out of Sight, Out of Mind? A Longitudinal Investigation of Smart Working and Burnout in the Context of the Job Demands–Resources Model during the COVID-19 Pandemic. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14127121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The academic interest in smart working, a form of flexible work characterized by the use of technology to conduct one’s work, has dramatically increased over recent years, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Building on the job demands–resources (JD-R) model, in this study we investigate whether smart working affects the longitudinal association between perceived work characteristics, such as workload and social support (SS), and workers’ health and well-being, in terms of exhaustion. Overall, 185 workers completed a self-report questionnaire at two time points (four-month time-lag) during the COVID-19 outbreak. The results from moderated multiple regression analysis partially support our predictions. The longitudinal association between workload and exhaustion was positive—although marginally significant—for smart workers, but nonsignificant for in-person workers. Contrarily, the longitudinal association between SS and exhaustion was negative for in-person workers, but nonsignificant for smart workers. Overall, this study suggests that, to support employees’ health and productivity, work characteristics—both physical and psychosocial—should fit the new way of working as well as remote workers’ specific needs and expectations. Hence, to promote sustainable work, interventions should be aimed at helping smart workers to manage their workload effectively, as well as reducing professional and social isolation.
Collapse
|
5
|
Hebles M, Trincado-Munoz F, Ortega K. Stress and Turnover Intentions Within Healthcare Teams: The Mediating Role of Psychological Safety, and the Moderating Effect of COVID-19 Worry and Supervisor Support. Front Psychol 2022; 12:758438. [PMID: 35173646 PMCID: PMC8841584 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.758438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Employees at healthcare organizations are experiencing more stress than ever given the current COVID-19 pandemic. Different types of stress are affecting diverse organizational outcomes, including the employees' voluntary turnover. This is the case of cognitive stress, a type of stress that affects how individuals process information, which can influence employees' turnover intentions. In this study, we look at the mechanisms that can reduce the adverse effects of cognitive stress on turnover intentions, particularly the role of employees' perceived psychological safety (i.e., how safe they perceive the interactions with their colleagues are). We hypothesize that psychological safety mediates the relationship between cognitive stress and turnover intentions, and COVID-19 worry and supervisor support moderate the relationship between cognitive stress and psychological safety. To test our hypothesis, we invited two public health care organizations in Chile to join this study. In total, we obtained a sample of 146 employees in 21 different teams. Using a multilevel model, we found that psychological safety prevents the harmful effects of cognitive stress on employees' turnover intentions. In addition, while COVID-19 worry can worsen the relationship between cognitive stress and psychological safety, supervisor support only directly affects psychological safety. This study contributes to expanding the stress and psychological safety literature and informs practitioners in healthcare organizations about how to deal with cognitive stress in the "new normality" that the pandemic has brought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melany Hebles
- Administration Department, Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Francisco Trincado-Munoz
- Business School for the Creative Industries, University for the Creative Arts, Epsom, United Kingdom
| | - Karina Ortega
- Administration Department, Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Warden DH, Hughes RG, Probst JC, Warden DN, Adams SA. Current turnover intention among nurse managers, directors, and executives. Nurs Outlook 2021; 69:875-885. [PMID: 34148657 DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing leadership turnover can adversely affect nurse retention and thus quality of care. Little research has examined the way nurses at differing levels of leadership experience their workplace and voluntarily decide to leave. PURPOSE Our study sought to explore and compare intent to leave and turnover experiences of acute care nurse managers, directors, and executives. METHODS Data were collected via an online survey. Participants included nurse managers, directors, and executives from 47 states (n = 1880) working in acute care settings. FINDINGS Over 50% of respondents intend to leave their current positions within the next 5 years with reasons for leaving differing by type of nurse leader. Retirement was a factor for slightly over 30% of those nurse leaders overall and almost 50% of nurse executives. DISCUSSION Nurse managers, directors, and executives experience turnover and intent to leave differently. Most frequently, voluntary factors for leaving a position include job dissatisfaction and a desire for promotion and advancement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronda G Hughes
- Center for Nursing Leadership, College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Janice C Probst
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - David N Warden
- Department of Sociology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Swann Arp Adams
- College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Di Santo D, Tesi A, Aiello A, Pierro A. The relationship between need for closure and compliance to harsh power tactics in high demanding jobs: A study conducted among firefighters and social workers. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Di Santo
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Alessio Tesi
- Department of Political Sciences University of Pisa Pisa Italy
| | - Antonio Aiello
- Department of Political Sciences University of Pisa Pisa Italy
| | - Antonio Pierro
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dal Corso L, De Carlo A, Carluccio F, Girardi D, Falco A. An Opportunity to Grow or a Label? Performance Appraisal Justice and Performance Appraisal Satisfaction to Increase Teachers' Well-Being. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2361. [PMID: 31849733 PMCID: PMC6888955 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Performance management is a key factor to enhance professional development and improve teaching quality. This process is successful only if teachers perceive it as fair, clear, and effective: namely, if it is satisfying. Carefully considering teachers' attributions in the performance appraisal process is fundamental to better clarify the relations between performance management and positive individual outcomes. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of perceived performance appraisal justice on teachers' well-being, in terms of job performance, job satisfaction, and life satisfaction, hypothesizing the mediation role of performance appraisal satisfaction. Data from a sample of Italian teachers were analyzed through structural equation modeling. Results confirm the mediation role of performance appraisal satisfaction. In particular, perceived performance appraisal justice was positively associated to performance appraisal satisfaction, which, in turn, was positively associated with job performance, job satisfaction, life satisfaction. Consequently, performance appraisal satisfaction totally mediated the relations between performance appraisal justice and the outcomes considered. Findings are relevant for two reasons. First, they contribute to better understanding the performance management process in educational settings - an issue requiring further attention. Second, they contribute to highlighting the importance of performance management efficacy, which is essential not only to improve individual well-being but also to enhance teaching quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dal Corso
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Carluccio
- Department of Human Science (Communication, Training, Psychology), LUMSA University, Rome, Italy
| | - Damiano Girardi
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandra Falco
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
De Carlo A, Girardi D, Falco A, Dal Corso L, Di Sipio A. When Does Work Interfere With Teachers' Private Life? An Application of the Job Demands-Resources Model. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1121. [PMID: 31178784 PMCID: PMC6537920 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between contextual work-related factors on the one hand, in terms of job demands (i.e., risk factors) and job resources (i.e., protective factors), and work-family conflict (WFC) in teachers on the other. Building on the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model, we hypothesized that job demands, namely qualitative, and quantitative workload, are positively associated with WFC in teachers. Moreover, in line with the buffer hypothesis of the JD-R, we expected job resources, in terms of support from supervisor (SS), job autonomy (JA), and participation in decision making (PDM), to affect this association, which is expected to be stronger when job resources are low. The study was conducted in an Italian secondary school. Overall, 122 teachers completed a self-report questionnaire aimed at determining WFC, as well as job demands and resources. The hypothesized relationships were tested using moderated multiple regression. The results of this study largely support our predictions. First, both aspects of workload were positively associated with WFC. Secondly, job resources, including SS and PDM, buffered this association, which was stronger when resources were low. On the contrary, JA did not buffer the association between workload and WFC. Overall, the results of this study are consistent with the JD-R model and contribute to the understanding of work–family conflict among teachers. More specifically, our study suggests that teachers with high levels of job resources, namely SS and PDM, can effectively cope with job demands, in terms of both qualitative and quantitative workload, thus preventing negative consequences such as conflict between work and family domains. Interventions aimed at preventing WFC among teachers should encourage organizations to optimize the balance between job demands and resources, as well as the identification and training of the workers at risk of WFC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Damiano Girardi
- FISPPA Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandra Falco
- FISPPA Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Dal Corso
- FISPPA Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Annamaria Di Sipio
- FISPPA Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dugas M, Kruglanski AW. Shared reality as collective closure. Curr Opin Psychol 2018; 23:72-76. [PMID: 29427899 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We draw on the theory of lay epistemics to understand how universal processes of knowledge formation drive the emergence, and determine the consequences of shared reality in groups. In particular, we highlight the role in these processes of the need for cognitive closure and credible epistemic authorities. Whereas the former construct explains why people seek a shared reality, the latter clarifies who the reality is shared with. In this connection, we review relevant bodies of empirical evidence that bear on the epistemic underpinnings of shared reality phenomena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Dugas
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Biology-Psychology Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Arie W Kruglanski
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Biology-Psychology Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Diebig M, Bormann KC, Rowold J. Day-level transformational leadership and followers’ daily level of stress: a moderated mediation model of team cooperation, role conflict, and type of communication. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2016.1250741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Diebig
- Center for Higher Education, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Kai C. Bormann
- Center for Higher Education, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jens Rowold
- Center for Higher Education, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| |
Collapse
|