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Covington L, Banerjee M, Pereira A, Price M. Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Professionals Working in End-of-Life Care: A Systematic Review of the Literature. J Palliat Care 2023; 38:225-238. [PMID: 35593086 PMCID: PMC10026168 DOI: 10.1177/08258597221100330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The potential usefulness of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) is being investigated for healthcare staff burnout and associated problems, but empirical research on MBI's for end-of-life (EOL) professionals is still in its infancy. The aim of this review is to describe and evaluate the body of evidence-based research on the use of MBIs to support the psychological wellbeing of professional staff in EOL care settings. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted. Database records were extracted from ERIC, PsycInfo, EBSCO, PubMed Central (PMC) and Web of Science, using search terms to locate peer-reviewed studies on professional (not volunteer) staff in dedicated end-of-life settings, administering MBIs not embedded in more general therapeutic modalities (such as ACT or DBT). After removing duplicates, 8701 potential studies were identified: eliminating those that did not fit the eligibility criteria reduced the number of eligible studies to six. Results: A total of six empirical studies were identified and further evaluated. Interventions primarily focussed on reducing burnout symptoms, increasing self-care and self-compassion, and fostering mindfulness. Studies demonstrated very little overlap in treatment, methodology and measures. Only one study was a randomised control trial, which on application of the 3-item Jadad quality scoring, (evidence of randomisation, blinding of researcher to participants' identity and accounts provided of all participants), achieved 1 out of 5 possible points. Furthermore, other concerns were identified as to the study's methodology. Conclusions: Results of this review point to significant gaps in the research on the potential of MBIs to improve the wellbeing of EOL professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Covington
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Education, Social and Life Sciences, University of Chichester, West Sussex, UK
| | - Moitree Banerjee
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Education, Social and Life Sciences, University of Chichester, West Sussex, UK
| | - Antonina Pereira
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Education, Social and Life Sciences, University of Chichester, West Sussex, UK
| | - Marie Price
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Education, Social and Life Sciences, University of Chichester, West Sussex, UK
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Menzies RE, Sharpe L, Dar-Nimrod I. The development and validation of the Death Anxiety Beliefs and Behaviours Scale. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 61:1169-1187. [PMID: 35938594 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Research spanning the fields of clinical, social and health psychology suggests that death anxiety is an important construct. However, no comprehensive, psychometrically adequate measure of the construct exists. The current studies outline the development of a new measure of death anxiety, the Death Anxiety Beliefs and Behaviours Scale (DABBS), which is the first measure to specifically assess unhelpful beliefs and behaviours that may underlie fears of death. METHODS In Study 1, items were piloted in a large community sample (N = 505). In Studies 2A and 2B, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed using a treatment-seeking (N = 200) and non-treatment-seeking sample (N = 200). These analyses resulted in the final 18-item scale. RESULTS The DABBS demonstrated good construct validity, criterion validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability. In Study 3, the DABBS effectively distinguished participants with clinically significant death anxiety and distress from those without, demonstrating excellent discriminant validity. CONCLUSIONS The present data indicate that the DABBS is a valid and reliable measure of affect, beliefs and behaviours relating to death anxiety, in a community sample of adults and among those seeking mental health treatment. Given the increasing recognition of the importance of death anxiety, the DABBS offers a useful research and clinical tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louise Sharpe
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ilan Dar-Nimrod
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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3
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Bamonti PM, Smith A, Smith HM. Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies Predict Burnout in Geriatric Nursing Staff. Clin Gerontol 2022; 45:1236-1244. [PMID: 33090948 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2020.1829230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Burnout contributes to high turnover rates, medical errors, and poor patient satisfaction in geriatric nursing staff. Nurses' cognitive emotion regulation (ER) strategies are emerging as an important personal resource related to burnout that are modifiable with intervention. This study examined the association between cognitive ER strategies and burnout among geriatric nursing staff. METHODS Participants were 54 nurses (RNs, LPNs, CNA/UWs) with a mean age of 43.1 years (SD = 12.2), majority female (96.3%), and racially diverse: Black (20.4%), White (63.0%), and Other (13.0%). RESULTS After controlling for CVs, cognitive ER strategies accounted for unique variance in depersonalization, but did not account for unique variance in emotional exhaustion or personal accomplishment. Rumination was associated with greater depersonalization, and greater refocus on planning was associated with lower depersonalization. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that depersonalization may be most impacted by ER; however, other ER strategies may be important that were not included in the current study (e.g., experiential avoidance, mindfulness). Future research is needed with additional ER strategies and larger samples. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Findings support the use of person-centered interventions, such as cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness-based techniques, to improve stress management and decrease depersonalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M Bamonti
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Outpatient Geriatric Mental Health, Brockton, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda Smith
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Outpatient Geriatric Mental Health, Brockton, MA, USA.,Nursing Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA, USA
| | - Heather M Smith
- Nursing Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA, USA.,Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Tang ML, Goh HS, Zhang H, Lee CN. An Exploratory Study on Death Anxiety and Its Impact on Community Palliative Nurses in Singapore. J Hosp Palliat Nurs 2021; 23:469-477. [PMID: 34183589 DOI: 10.1097/njh.0000000000000782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nurses working in palliative care settings encounter death and dying regularly and face a greater risk of developing death anxiety and negative attitudes than their counterparts. Such distress and apprehension can cause care fatigue and affect patients' quality of life. Death anxiety remains an underresearched area in Asia, where death and dying are still considered taboo. This study explored death anxiety and its impact on community palliative nurses in Singapore and was conducted at a community hospital in Singapore from January to June 2018. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 16 nurses of different job grades for the face-to-face interviews, which were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using the data analytical approach of Miles et al. Four overarching themes were generated: (1) intrinsic factors influencing death anxiety, (2) extrinsic factors influencing death anxiety, (3) emotional struggles and coping, and (4) need for death education and psychological support. Gaps in palliative care education and death education need to be contextualized to increase the community palliative nurses' awareness and acceptance of death and enhance their death literacy in a multicultural setting.
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Kaçan H, Sakiz H, Bayram Değer V. Attitudes promoting coping with death anxiety among parents of children with disabilities. DEATH STUDIES 2021; 46:2046-2055. [PMID: 34323177 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2021.1955311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated death anxiety among parents of children with disabilities and its associations with coping attitudes and psycho-demographic factors. Surveys were administered to 382 parents of children who possess a severe disability and data were analyzed via descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that parents experienced high levels of death anxiety; the level of death anxiety changed according to some psycho-demographic factors, such as external support, type of disability, and death-related beliefs; and death anxiety was significantly explained by demographic variables, death-related thoughts, and experiences, and adaptive and maladaptive coping attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havva Kaçan
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Halis Sakiz
- Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Letters, Mardin Artuklu University, Mardin, Turkey
| | - Vasfiye Bayram Değer
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mardin Artuklu University, Mardin, Turkey
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Fukase Y, Kamide N, Murayama N, Kawamura A, Ichikura K, Shiba Y, Tagaya H. The influence of ageism on stereotypical attitudes among allied health students in Japan: a group comparison design. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 21:27. [PMID: 33413307 PMCID: PMC7792127 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-02439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ageism is a serious problem in medical care. The importance of ageism-related education for students has been emphasized. To determine the most effective approach to ageism-related education for allied health students, this study examined ageism among this group of students, with the hypothesis that ageism was expressed not only toward elderly adults but also toward individuals other than elderly adults. METHODS A questionnaire survey was conducted among 154 allied health students in Japan. The questionnaire involved tree drawings to evaluate the drawer's personality and a measurement of the participants' ageism. There were two display conditions for tree drawing. In the elderly display condition, participants were informed that the drawer was an elderly person, and in a control condition, participants were not informed of the drawer's age. Participants were randomly assigned to each condition and were required to evaluate the drawer's personality based on 5 personality traits. After the evaluation, all participants were required to complete the Japanese short version of the Fraboni Scale of Ageism (FSA-J). RESULTS The participants were 123 allied health students, 61 of whom were in the elderly display condition and 62 of whom were in the control condition. Based on the mean score on the FSA-J (M = 29.80), we divided the participants into a low-FSA-J group (N = 64) and a high-FSA-J group (N = 59). There was no significant difference between the display conditions on the FSA-J score. In the high-FSA-J groups, the control condition evaluated the drawer's personality as more timid than did the elderly display condition (F = 4.26, df = 1, 119). For negligence, the high-FSA-J group evaluated the drawer's personality as more negligent than did the low-FSA-J group (F = 4.08). For broad interests, the main effects of condition and groups were significant (F = 4.23). CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that ageism indicated a negative evaluation not only of elderly adults but also of individuals other than elderly adults, and students with negative ageism might evaluate the elderly drawer more positively. We have discussed the possibility that negative ageism among allied health students in Japan might underlie these positive stereotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Fukase
- Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, 1-15-1, Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
| | - Naoto Kamide
- Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, 1-15-1, Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
| | - Norio Murayama
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hiraka-gakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695 Japan
| | - Akie Kawamura
- Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, 1-15-1, Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
| | - Kanako Ichikura
- Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, 1-15-1, Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Shiba
- Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, 1-15-1, Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
| | - Hirokuni Tagaya
- Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, 1-15-1, Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
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McKenzie EL, Brown PM. The provision of person-centred dementia care in the context of mental health co-morbidities: 'It can be upsetting and distressing and it's incredibly sad'. Australas J Ageing 2020; 40:e133-e142. [PMID: 33015925 DOI: 10.1111/ajag.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore health professionals' (clinicians) approach to the provision of care in a dementia setting. METHODS Participants were clinicians from two older persons' mental health services (community and inpatient). Participants completed an interview about strategies to engage with, and barriers to providing person-centred care to consumers with a co-morbid diagnosis of dementia. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. RESULTS Three main themes were developed through analysis of the interview data: (1) overall approach to care (synthesis of care and cure principles), (2) the challenges in the provision of care, and (3) coping strategies to manage care demands. CONCLUSION Developing a relationship with a patient and attending to their medical needs were seen as optimal care, relevant to both person-centred and task-oriented approaches to dementia care. Clinicians also highlighted the importance of their own personal resources and attitudes in shaping the type of care provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen L McKenzie
- University of Canberra, University of Canberra Bruce, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Patricia M Brown
- University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Cheston R, Dodd E, Christopher G, White P, Wildschut T, Sedikides C. The Development and Validation of the Threat of Dementia Scale. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2020; 94:496-514. [PMID: 32976020 PMCID: PMC8958640 DOI: 10.1177/0091415020957388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Dementia represents a substantial threat to the self. However, to date, there is no reliable way to measure how threatened people feel by dementia. This article reports on two online studies. In Study 1, 248 participants rated statements about dementia according to their threat to well-being. In Study 2, 99 participants (all students at the University of the West of England) completed the emerging scale (the Threat of Dementia Scale or ToDS). We validated this by examining its associations with conceptually related measures, including the revised Fraboni Scale of Ageism and the Fear of Alzheimer's Disease Scale. Study 1 yielded 13 statements that were highly intercorrelated and comprised a single factor. In Study 2, the ToDS demonstrated good construct validity and acceptable test-retest reliability. Higher levels of distancing predicted lower scores on the ToDS. The ToDS is a reliable and valid instrument that is the first statistically validated method of examining the extent to which dementia threatens well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Cheston
- 1981 Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Emily Dodd
- 1981 Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Gary Christopher
- 1981 Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Paul White
- 14262 Applied Statistics Group, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Tim Wildschut
- 7423 Psychology Department, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Zhang J, Peng J, Gao P, Huang H, Cao Y, Zheng L, Miao D. Relationship between meaning in life and death anxiety in the elderly: self-esteem as a mediator. BMC Geriatr 2019; 19:308. [PMID: 31718561 PMCID: PMC6852934 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1316-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Death anxiety is a common phenomenon in all societies. Older adults may be more prone to death anxiety than their younger counterparts; however, death anxiety among older adults is not well understood. This study explores the relationship between meaning in life, self-esteem, and death anxiety in senior citizens in China. Methods A total of 283 older adults participated in this study; data were collected via the Meaning in Life Questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Death Anxiety Scale. Results Results show that the dimensions of meaning in life, presence of meaning (r = − 0.43, p < 0.01), search for meaning (r = − 0.31, p < 0.01), and self-esteem (r = − 0.54, p < 0.01) were each negatively correlated with death anxiety. Regression analysis reveals that meaning in life significantly predicted self-esteem and death anxiety (F = 45.70, p < 0.01; R2 = 0.33). Path analysis indicated that self-esteem either completely or partially mediated the effects of meaning in life on death anxiety in older adults. Conclusions Overall, meaning in life appears to be significantly correlated with death anxiety in older adults, and self-esteem can mediate this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Zhang
- Xi'an Research Institute of High-technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaxi Peng
- College of Teachers, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Pan Gao
- Xi'an Research Institute of High-technology, Xi'an, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunfei Cao
- College of Teachers, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lulu Zheng
- College of Teachers, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Danmin Miao
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Batool R, Zaman K, Khurshid MA, Sheikh SM, Aamir A, Shoukry AM, Sharkawy MA, Aldeek F, Khader J, Gani S. Economics of death and dying: a critical evaluation of environmental damages and healthcare reforms across the globe. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:29799-29809. [PMID: 31407261 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The economics of death and dying highlighted that environmental factors negatively influence healthcare sustainability. Therefore, this study conducted a system-based literature review to identify the negative externality of environmental damages on global healthcare reforms. Based on 42 peer-reviewed papers in the field of healthcare reforms and 12 papers in the field of environmental hazards, we identified 25 factors associated with death and dying and 15 factors associated with health-related damages across the world respectively. We noted that environmental factors are largely responsible to affect healthcare sustainability reforms by associating with the number of healthcare diseases pertaining to air pollutants. The study suggests healthcare practitioners and environmentalists to devise long-term sustainable healthcare policies by limiting highly toxic air pollutants through technology-embodied green healthcare infrastructure to attained efficient global healthcare recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubeena Batool
- Gender and Development Studies Department, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Zaman
- Department of Economics, University of Wah, Quaid Avenue, Wah Cantt, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Adnan Khurshid
- Department of Business Administration, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Salman Masood Sheikh
- Department of Business and Management Sciences, The Superior College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Alamzeb Aamir
- Department of Management Sciences, FATA University, F.R, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Alaa Mohamd Shoukry
- Arriyadh Community College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Administrative Science, KSA Workers University, El Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Fares Aldeek
- Arriyadh Community College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jameel Khader
- Arriyadh Community College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Showkat Gani
- College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Muzahimiyah, Saudi Arabia
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William L. Medical assistance in dying: a disruption of therapeutic relationships. Med J Aust 2018; 209:286-287. [DOI: 10.5694/mja17.01217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leeroy William
- Eastern Health, Melbourne, VIC
- Monash University, Melbourne, VIC
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12
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Hashemi Razini H, Baheshmat Juybari S, Ramshini M. Relationship between coping strategies and locus of control with the anxiety of death in the old people. SALMAND 2017. [DOI: 10.21859/sija-1202232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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