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Meyer SR, Hardt S, Brambilla R, Shukla S, Stöckl H. Sociological Theories to Explain Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:2316-2333. [PMID: 38006302 PMCID: PMC11155217 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231210939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a highly prevalent public health challenge and human rights violation. Sociological theories address social structures to understand prevalence and dynamics of IPV against women. This systematic review aims (1) to identify, describe, categorize, and synthesize sociological theories that account for predictors of IPV against women, and (2) to compare and contrast sociological theories of predictors of IPV against women. Following a structured search of nine electronic databases, members of the review team screened title/abstract and full texts against inclusion and exclusion criteria, to identify studies that engaged with theory/ies of predictors of IPV. Review team members extracted data according to a data extraction template developed for the review. Results are presented using a narrative synthesis approach. Following review of 108 included articles, included articles were grouped into sub-theories. The sub-theories provide differing, yet overlapping, accounts of predictors of male perpetration of IPV and women's experience of IPV. Sociological theories primarily engage with exo- and macro-system levels of the social-ecological framework, yet some also address structural influences on individual behaviors. This systematic review fills a gap in theoretical syntheses of sociological theories of predictors of male-perpetrated IPV against women and also provides critical analysis of how these theories overlap and intersect. While sociological theories may not be able to fully explain all aspects of dynamics of male-perpetrated IPV against women, this overview indicates that there are several compelling components of sociological theory that hold explanatory power for comprehending how, where, and why IPV occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. Meyer
- Institute of Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Selina Hardt
- Institute of Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Rebecca Brambilla
- Institute of Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Shruti Shukla
- Institute of Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
- TUM School of Social Sciences and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Heidi Stöckl
- Institute of Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Willie TC, Katague M, Halim N, Gupta J. Latent classes of men’s intimate partner violence perpetration and attitudes towards gender norms: A UN multi-country, cross-sectional study in Asia and the Pacific. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264156. [PMID: 36155974 PMCID: PMC9512213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine distinct patterns of IPV perpetration and examined gender equitable attitudes as a correlate of these patterns among men from six countries in Asia and the Pacific. Design 2011–12 UN Multi-country Study on Men and Violence cross-sectional study. Setting Households in Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Sri Lanka and Papua New Guinea. Participants 10,178 men aged 18–49 years residing in Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Sri Lanka and Papua New Guinea. Primary outcomes measure Our primary outcome was distinct patterns of IPV perpetration which were derived from multilevel latent class analyses. Results The odds of being assigned to the Low All Forms of IPV Perpetration class than the High All Forms of IPV Perpetration class was lower for men in the middle tertile group than men in the high tertile group for gender equitable attitudes. The odds of being assigned to the High Emotional IPV Perpetration class than the High All Forms of IPV Perpetration class was greater for men in the low tertile group than men in the high tertile group for gender equitable attitudes. The odds of being assigned to the High Physical/Emotional/Economic IPV Perpetration class than the High All Forms of IPV Perpetration class was lower for men in the low tertile group than men in the high tertile group for gender equitable attitudes. Conclusions Gender transformative interventions that use an adaptive, personalized approach to men’s typology of IPV perpetration may be beneficial to reduce violence against for women in the Asia-Pacific region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiara C. Willie
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Marina Katague
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Nafisa Halim
- Department of Global Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jhumka Gupta
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States of America
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Howard-Merrill L, Wamoyi J, Nyato D, Kyegombe N, Heise L, Buller AM. 'I trap her with a CD, then tomorrow find her with a big old man who bought her a smart phone'. Constructions of masculinities and transactional sex: a qualitative study from North-Western Tanzania. CULTURE, HEALTH & SEXUALITY 2022; 24:254-267. [PMID: 33118865 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2020.1832259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Men's role in transactional sex is relatively unexplored, limiting initiatives to prevent exploitative transactional sex and its negative health implications for girls and women. We addressed this literature gap by conducting eight focus group discussions and twenty in-depth-interviews with boys and men aged 14 - 49 years in 2015 in Tanzania. We employed a novel combination of theoretical perspectives - gender and masculinities, and social norms - to understand how transactional sex participation contributes to perpetuating gendered hierarchies, and how reference groups influence men's behaviour. Findings signal two gender norms that men display within transactional sex: the expectation of men's provision in sexual relationships, and the expectation that men should exhibit heightened sexuality and sexual prowess. Adherence to these expectations in transactional sex relationships varied between older and younger men and created hierarchies among men and between men and women and girls. We found that approval of transactional sex was contested. Although young men were likely to object to transactional sex, they occupied a structurally weaker position than older men. Findings suggest that interventions should employ gender synchronised and gender transformative approaches and should prioritise the promotion of alternative positive norms over preventing the exchange of gifts or money in relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lottie Howard-Merrill
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Joyce Wamoyi
- Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Daniel Nyato
- Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Nambusi Kyegombe
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Lori Heise
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ana Maria Buller
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Poix S, Ibrahim N, Scriver S, Raghavendra S, Duvvury N, Elmusharaf K. Community cohesion and violence against women in Ghana, Pakistan, and South Sudan: A secondary data analysis. WOMEN'S HEALTH 2022; 18:17455057221123998. [PMID: 36148965 PMCID: PMC9511548 DOI: 10.1177/17455057221123998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Much knowledge has been accumulated on individual-level risks and protective factors of violence against women. However, the influence of factors operating at the community level, such as community cohesion, remains unclear, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This study examined whether community cohesion, a combined measure of mutual trust and tolerance, affects women’s likelihood of experiencing intimate partner violence, violence perpetrated by a family member, and violence occurring in public spaces. Methods: Data on 4785 women aged between 18 and 60 years in Ghana, Pakistan, and South Sudan, initially collected by the ‘What Works to Prevent Violence Against Women and Girls’ Research and Innovation Programme, were used for this study. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between a composite measure of community cohesion and recent experience of physical, sexual, and psychological violence while controlling for different individual-, community-, and state-level variables. Results: Multivariate analyses revealed that community cohesion was associated with lower risks of public spaces violence (adjusted odds ratio = 0.396, 95% confidence interval = 0.312–0.503, P < 0.001) and family member violence (adjusted odds ratio = 0.839, 95% confidence interval = 0.754–0.934, P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant association between intimate partner violence and community cohesion, but adjusted models showed that women with more developed social networks were at higher risks of experiencing intimate partner violence (adjusted odds ratio = 1.104, 95% confidence interval = 1.062–1.148, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that community cohesion may have a protective effect against the most visible forms of violence against women. However, this effect may be attenuated or even eliminated by other individual- or household-level mechanisms in the case of violence between intimates or family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Poix
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Nuha Ibrahim
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Stacey Scriver
- Centre for Global Women’s Studies, School of Political Science and Sociology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Srinivas Raghavendra
- Discipline of Economics, J.E. Cairnes School of Business and Economics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nata Duvvury
- Centre for Global Women’s Studies, School of Political Science and Sociology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Karletsos D, Greenbaum CR, Kobayashi E, McConnell M. Willingness to use PrEP among female university students in Lesotho. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230565. [PMID: 32231394 PMCID: PMC7108705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV-negative individuals at high risk was introduced in Lesotho in April 2016. To assess the feasibility and acceptability of PrEP in Lesotho and to study the attitudes and beliefs around HIV risk and prevention measures among young women, between September and December 2016 we asked 302 female university students at fourteen higher education institutions in Lesotho about their sexual behavior, experiences of sexual coercion and abuse, HIV risk perception, willingness to use PrEP, as well as their attitudes toward condom use and self-administration of daily medications. Overall, 57.3% of the sample reported perceiving themselves at risk of acquiring HIV and 32.1% reported being strongly willing to use PrEP if it were available in their community. In a multivariate mediation analysis, perceived HIV risk was associated with 11.5 percentage points increase in likelihood of using PrEP (p = 0.041). Multiple concurrent sexual partnership was associated with 16.1 percentage points increase in likelihood of self-perceived HIV risk (p = 0.007), while having sexual partners in polygamous relationships was associated with 17.8 percentage points increase in likelihood of self-perceived HIV risk (p = 0.002) and the mediated indirect effect accounted for 18.2% of its total effect. Those who reported strong adherence to antibiotics were 23.1 percentage points more likely to express willingness to use PrEP than those who did not (p = 0.004), and those who reported to dislike condoms were 19.1 percentage points more likely to be willing to use PrEP than those who did not report aversion to condom use: these effect were direct and not mediated by HIV risk perception. Intimate partner violence (IPV) in the network of peers was also directly associated with willingness to use PrEP and its effect was not significantly mediated by HIV risk perception: those who had friends who experienced intimate partner violence were 14.9 percentage points more likely to be willing to use PrEP than those who did not report IPV in their network of peers (p = 0.009). These findings support the inclusion of individuals with multiple concurrent sexual partners among the key populations for PrEP provision and confirm that willingness to use PrEP is not solely driven by HIV risk perception. They also indicate that the presence of IPV in peer networks is related to one’s willingness to use PrEP. PrEP service provision may generate synergies with IPV prevention programs when offered within this framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Karletsos
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Charlotte R. Greenbaum
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Emily Kobayashi
- Clinton Health Access Initiative, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Margaret McConnell
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Zietz S, Kajula L, McNaughton Reyes HL, Moracco B, Shanahan M, Martin S, Maman S. Patterns of adverse childhood experiences and subsequent risk of interpersonal violence perpetration among men in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 99:104256. [PMID: 31835233 PMCID: PMC7719339 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including abuse and neglect, are consistently found to be predictors of perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) and peer violence (PV) in adulthood. Children are often exposed to patterns of ongoing and/or multiple-type polyvictimization throughout the life course. OBJECTIVES To identify and characterize patterns of ACEs among men in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and to examine the relationship between these patterns and perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) and peer violence (PV) in adulthood. METHODS We used latent class analysis to identify respondents with similar patterns of ACEs. The analysis was conducted with a sample of 987 men. RESULTS We uncovered five distinct classes of men with specific patterns of ACEs. One consisted of nonvictims and four included various forms of polyvictimization. Men in the polyvictimization classes that included non-violent family dysfunction had significantly higher odds of perpetrating psychological IPV compared to the other three classes (AORs 2.33 and 3.04 compared to nonvictims). Men in the polyvictimization classes that included any sexual violence and/or non-violent family dysfunction had significantly higher odds of perpetrating PV compared to the other two classes (AORs 3.54, 6.10, and 7.42 compared to nonvictims). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that distinct patterns of exposure to ACEs among this population are differentially related to perpetration of IPV and PV in adulthood. These findings highlight the importance of child development interventions in low-and middle-income countries, both for the primary prevention of child adversity and for mitigation of the cognitive and emotional effects of ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah Zietz
- Duke Center for Child and Family Policy, Erwin Square Mill Building, 202 West Main Street, Bay C, Durham, NC, United States.
| | - Lusajo Kajula
- UNICEF Office of Research-Innocenti, Florence, Italy
| | - H Luz McNaughton Reyes
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Beth Moracco
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Meghan Shanahan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sandra Martin
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Suzanne Maman
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Hogben M, Leichliter J, Aral SO. An Overview of Social and Behavioral Determinants of STI. Sex Transm Infect 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02200-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Heard E, Fitzgerald L, Va'ai S, Collins F, Whittaker M, Mutch A. 'In the Islands people don't really talk about this stuff, so you go through life on your own': An arts-based study exploring intimate relationships with young people in Samoa. CULTURE, HEALTH & SEXUALITY 2019; 21:526-542. [PMID: 30280969 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2018.1492021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study explores conceptualisations and understandings of intimate relationships with young people in Samoa - an at-risk group experiencing high rates of intimate partner violence and alienation from sexual and relationship health promotion. Insights contribute to the immediate need to advance knowledge and practice around prevention with this group. An arts-based approach, which included a two-day interactive drama workshop coupled with follow-up, peer-led focus groups, was used to explore perceptions and understandings related to intimate relationships with 15 tertiary educated young people (nine female and six male) from across Samoa. Intersectionality informed the data collection and thematic analysis, examining participants' lived experiences and the ways multiple and intersecting identities interact within social and cultural systems to influence and inform these experiences. Outcomes highlight important tensions for young people, including the way in which age, gender, religion and sexuality interact with social hierarchies and power structures, socially prescribed gender norms, family structures and globalisation. This research provides insights that can inform the development of prevention strategies to address the root causes of intimate partner violence, building the knowledge and skills required for establishing intimate relationships free from violence with young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Heard
- a School of Public Health, University of Queensland , Herston , Queensland , Australia
| | - Lisa Fitzgerald
- a School of Public Health, University of Queensland , Herston , Queensland , Australia
| | - Sina Va'ai
- b Department of English and Foreign Languages, National University of Samoa , To'omatagi , Samoa
| | - Fiona Collins
- b Department of English and Foreign Languages, National University of Samoa , To'omatagi , Samoa
| | - Maxine Whittaker
- c College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences James Cook University , Townsville , Queensland , Australia
| | - Allyson Mutch
- a School of Public Health, University of Queensland , Herston , Queensland , Australia
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Benavides M, León J, Etesse M, Espezúa L, Stuart J. Exploring the association between segregation and physical intimate partner violence in Lima, Peru: The mediating role of gender norms and social capital. SSM Popul Health 2018; 7:100338. [PMID: 30623012 PMCID: PMC6308259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been globally recognized as a major public health problem. A growing body of evidence has identified a significant relationship between living in a neighborhood of concentrated disadvantage and experiencing IPV. Considering the increasing rates of poverty and segregation registered in Latin American cities, research on the effects of segregation on IPV seems to be particularly necessary in the region. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the impact of economic residential segregation on physical IPV, exploring the mediating roles of social capital and gender norms unfavorable to women. This study used an original dataset in which women from five districts of Metropolitan Lima were interviewed. The results show that residential segregation indirectly influences on physical IPV through the considered mechanisms. In this regard, it was found that segregation increases the likelihood of prevailing gender norms unfavorable to women, and this in turn increases the likelihood of IPV. At the same time, segregation fosters the development of greater social ties among the neighbors, which in turn diminish the levels of IPV. Regarding the overall effect of segregation through both mechanisms, on average social capital is a factor of more relevance. The findings suggest that strengthening the informal networks among neighbors is a powerful strategy to reduce physical IPV in contexts of poverty and segregation. Residential segregation have an impact on physical IPV, buy only indirectly. Contexts of segregation foster both the development of greater social ties among neighbors and the development of gender norms unfavorable to women. A greater intensity of neighborhood relations diminishes the likelihood of IPV. Gender norms that promote male control over women increases women’s risk of becoming victims of IPV. The overall effect of segregation shows that having support from the neighbors is a more relevant factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Benavides
- Department of Social Sciences. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP), Lima, Perú. Senior Rechercher. Grupo de Analisis Para el Desarrollo (GRADE)
| | - Juan León
- Senior Rechercher. Grupo de Analisis Para el Desarrollo (GRADE). Lecturer, Universidad San Martín de Porres, Lima, Perú
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Mulawa MI, Yamanis TJ, Kajula LJ, Balvanz P, Maman S. Structural Network Position and Performance of Health Leaders Within an HIV Prevention Trial. AIDS Behav 2018; 22:3033-3043. [PMID: 29705931 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-018-2126-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of peer leaders in promoting health may depend on the position they occupy within their social networks. Using sociocentric (whole network) and behavioral data from the intervention arm of a cluster-randomized HIV prevention trial in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, we used generalized linear models with standardized predictors to examine the association between heath leaders' baseline structural network position (i.e., in-degree and betweenness centrality) and their 12-month self-reported (1) confidence in educating network members about HIV and gender-based violence (GBV) and (2) number of past-week conversations about HIV and GBV. As in-degree centrality increased, leaders reported fewer HIV-related conversations. As betweenness centrality increased, leaders reported greater number of conversations about GBV. Network position was not significantly associated with confidence in discussing either topic. Our results suggest that peer leaders who occupy spaces between sub-groups of network members may be more effective in engaging their peers in sensitive or controversial topics like GBV than more popular peer leaders.
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