1
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Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation modulates long-range functional connectivity in autism spectrum disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 160:187-194. [PMID: 36841084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is growingly applied in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) due to its potential therapeutic value, however, its effects on functional network configuration and the mechanism underlying clinical improvement are still unclear. In this study, we examined the alternations of functional connectivity induced by rTMS using resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) in children with ASD. Resting-state EEG was obtained from 24 children with ASD before and after rTMS intervention and from 24 age- and gender-matched typically developing (TD) children. The rTMS intervention course consisted of five 5-s trains at 15 Hz, with 10-min inter-train intervals, on the left parietal lobe each consecutive weekday for 3 weeks (15 sessions in total). Children with ASD showed significantly hypo-connected networks and sub-optimal network properties at both global and local levels, compared with TD peers. After rTMS intervention, long-range intra- and inter-hemispheric connections were significantly promoted, especially those within the alpha band. Meanwhile, network properties at both local and global levels were greatly promoted in the delta, theta, and alpha bands. Consistent with the changes in the network connectivities and properties, the core symptoms in ASD were also relieved measured by clinical scales after treatment. The findings of this study demonstrate that high-frequency rTMS over the parietal lobe is potentially an effective strategy to improve core symptoms by enhancing long-range connectivity reorganization in ASD.
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2
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Foran AM, Mathias JL, Bowden SC. Effectiveness of sorting tests for detecting cognitive decline in older adults with dementia and other common neurodegenerative disorders: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 120:442-454. [PMID: 33091417 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The demand for simple, accurate and time-efficient screens to detect cognitive decline at point-of-care is increasing. Sorting tests are often used to detect the 'executive' deficits that are commonly associated with behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), but their potential for use as a cognitive screen with older adults is unclear. A comprehensive search of four databases identified 142 studies that compared the sorting test performance (e.g. WCST, DKEFS-ST) of adults with a common neurodegenerative disorder (e.g. Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, bvFTD, Parkinson's disease) and cognitively-healthy controls. Hedges' g effect sizes were used to compare the groups on five common test scores (Category, Total, Perseveration, Error, Description). The neurodegenerative disorders (combined) showed large deficits on all scores (g -1.0 to -1.3), with dementia (combined subtypes) performing more poorly (g -1.2 to -2.1), although bvFTD was not disproportionately worse than the other dementias. Overall, sorting tests detected the cognitive impairments caused by common neurodegenerative disorders, especially dementia, highlighting their potential suitability as a cognitive screen for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Foran
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
| | - J L Mathias
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
| | - S C Bowden
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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3
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Liang C, Liu YC, Chang Y, Liang CT. Differences in numeric, verbal, and spatial reasoning between engineering and literature students through a neurocognitive lens. COGN SYST RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between suicidal ideation (SI), structural brain damage, and cognitive deficits in patients with penetrating traumatic brain injury (pTBI). METHODS Vietnam War veterans (n = 142) with pTBI to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) underwent combination of neuropsychological and psychiatric examinations and non-contrast CT brain scan. Patients were divided into SI positive (SI+) and SI negative (SI-) groups according to the SI item of the Beck Depression Inventory. RESULTS Lesions to the left rostrolateral PFC (rlPFC) were associated with a lower risk of SI independent of depression and global functioning. Left rlPFC lesion also reduced abstract reasoning skills, which mediated the lesion effects on suicide ideation. CONCLUSIONS The left rlPFC plays a crucial role in SI independently of depression and global functioning.
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Garcin B, Urbanski M, Thiebaut de Schotten M, Levy R, Volle E. Anterior Temporal Lobe Morphometry Predicts Categorization Ability. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:36. [PMID: 29467637 PMCID: PMC5808329 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Categorization is the mental operation by which the brain classifies objects and events. It is classically assessed using semantic and non-semantic matching or sorting tasks. These tasks show a high variability in performance across healthy controls and the cerebral bases supporting this variability remain unknown. In this study we performed a voxel-based morphometry study to explore the relationships between semantic and shape categorization tasks and brain morphometric differences in 50 controls. We found significant correlation between categorization performance and the volume of the gray matter in the right anterior middle and inferior temporal gyri. Semantic categorization tasks were associated with more rostral temporal regions than shape categorization tasks. A significant relationship was also shown between white matter volume in the right temporal lobe and performance in the semantic tasks. Tractography revealed that this white matter region involved several projection and association fibers, including the arcuate fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, and inferior longitudinal fasciculus. These results suggest that categorization abilities are supported by the anterior portion of the right temporal lobe and its interaction with other areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Garcin
- Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, Salpêtrière Hospital AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Marika Urbanski
- Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France.,Service de Médecine et Réadaptation, Hôpitaux de Saint-Maurice, Saint-Maurice, France.,Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Group, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France
| | - Michel Thiebaut de Schotten
- Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France.,Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Group, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France.,Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France
| | - Richard Levy
- Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, Salpêtrière Hospital AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Volle
- Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France.,Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Group, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France
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6
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Liu YC, Chang CC, Yang YHS, Liang C. Spontaneous analogising caused by text stimuli in design thinking: differences between higher- and lower-creativity groups. Cogn Neurodyn 2017; 12:55-71. [PMID: 29435087 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-017-9454-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the cognitive processes used in creative practices is essential to design research. In this study, electroencephalography was applied to investigate the brain activations of visual designers when they responded to various types of word stimuli during design thinking. Thirty visual designers were recruited, with the top third and bottom third of the participants divided into high-creativity (HC) and low-creativity (LC) groups. The word stimuli used in this study were two short poems, adjectives with similar meanings, and adjectives with opposing meanings. The derived results are outlined as follows: (1) the brain activations of the designers increased in the frontal and right temporal regions and decreased in the right prefrontal region; (2) the negative association between the right temporal and middle frontal regions was notable; (3) the differences in activations caused by distinct word stimuli varied between HC and LC designers; (4) the spectral power in the middle frontal region of HC designers was lower than that of LC designers during the short love poem task; (5) the spectral power in the bilateral temporal regions of HC designers was higher than that of LC designers during the short autumn poem task; (6) the spectral power in the frontoparietal region of HC designers was lower than that of LC designers during the similar concept task; and (7) the spectral power in the frontoparietal and left frontotemporal regions of HC designers was higher than that of LC designers during the opposing concept task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Liu
- 1Department of Bio-Industry Communication and Development, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Chang
- 2Department of Technology Application and Human Resource Development, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Chaoyun Liang
- 1Department of Bio-Industry Communication and Development, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
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Gromisch ES, Zemon V, Holtzer R, Chiaravalloti ND, DeLuca J, Beier M, Farrell E, Snyder S, Schairer LC, Glukhovsky L, Botvinick J, Sloan J, Picone MA, Kim S, Foley FW. Assessing the criterion validity of four highly abbreviated measures from the Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in Multiple Sclerosis (MACFIMS). Clin Neuropsychol 2016; 30:1032-49. [PMID: 27279357 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2016.1189597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive dysfunction is prevalent in multiple sclerosis. As self-reported cognitive functioning is unreliable, brief objective screening measures are needed. Utilizing widely used full-length neuropsychological tests, this study aimed to establish the criterion validity of highly abbreviated versions of the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test - Revised (BVMT-R), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) Sorting Test, and Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) in order to begin developing an MS-specific screening battery. METHOD Participants from Holy Name Medical Center and the Kessler Foundation were administered one or more of these four measures. Using test-specific criterion to identify impairment at both -1.5 and -2.0 SD, receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) analyses of BVMT-R Trial 1, Trial 2, and Trial 1 + 2 raw data (N = 286) were run to calculate the classification accuracy of the abbreviated version, as well as the sensitivity and specificity. The same methods were used for SDMT 30-s and 60-s (N = 321), D-KEFS Sorting Free Card Sort 1 (N = 120), and COWAT letters F and A (N = 298). RESULTS Using these definitions of impairment, each analysis yielded high classification accuracy (89.3 to 94.3%). CONCLUSIONS BVMT-R Trial 1, SDMT 30-s, D-KEFS Free Card Sort 1, and COWAT F possess good criterion validity in detecting impairment on their respective overall measure, capturing much of the same information as the full version. Along with the first two trials of the California Verbal Learning Test - Second Edition (CVLT-II), these five highly abbreviated measures may be used to develop a brief screening battery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Gromisch
- a Department of Psychology , VA Connecticut Healthcare System , West Haven , CT , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry , Yale School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Vance Zemon
- c Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology , Yeshiva University , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Roee Holtzer
- c Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology , Yeshiva University , Bronx , NY , USA.,d Department of Neurology , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Nancy D Chiaravalloti
- e Kessler Foundation , West Orange , NJ , USA.,f Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , Rutgers New Jersey Medical School , Newark , NJ , USA
| | - John DeLuca
- e Kessler Foundation , West Orange , NJ , USA.,f Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , Rutgers New Jersey Medical School , Newark , NJ , USA.,g Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Meghan Beier
- g Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Eileen Farrell
- h Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery , Saint Barnabas Hospital , Livingston , NJ , USA
| | | | | | - Lisa Glukhovsky
- c Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology , Yeshiva University , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Jason Botvinick
- c Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology , Yeshiva University , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Jessica Sloan
- c Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology , Yeshiva University , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Mary Ann Picone
- k Holy Name Medical Center Multiple Sclerosis Center , Teaneck , NJ , USA
| | - Sonya Kim
- l Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , NYU School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA.,m Department of Neurology , NYU School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA
| | - Frederick W Foley
- c Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology , Yeshiva University , Bronx , NY , USA.,k Holy Name Medical Center Multiple Sclerosis Center , Teaneck , NJ , USA
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8
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Lagarde J, Valabrègue R, Corvol JC, Garcin B, Volle E, Le Ber I, Vidailhet M, Dubois B, Levy R. Why do patients with neurodegenerative frontal syndrome fail to answer: ‘In what way are an orange and a banana alike?’. Brain 2014; 138:456-71. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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9
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Martins EC, Osório A, Veríssimo M, Martins C. Emotion understanding in preschool children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0165025414556096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This investigation was aimed at studying the relations between executive functions (EFs) and categorical emotion understanding while controlling for preschoolers’ IQ, language ability and theory of mind (ToM). Specifically, we wanted to analyse the association between emotion understanding and set shifting, due to the lack of studies with this EF. Data of 75 children aged 4½ years (52% boys) was collected in two laboratory visits. Emotion understanding was assessed using the Emotion Recognition Questionnaire, inhibitory control using the Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders task and set shifting using a version of the Dimensional Change Card Sort task. IQ was evaluated using the WPPSI-R, language using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test – Revised; and ToM using six standardized tasks. Set shifting, but not inhibitory control, predicted emotion understanding, over and above mothers’ age, and children’s IQ, language ability, and ToM. Mothers’ age and children’s language ability were also significant predictors in the final regression model. Results suggest that the capacity to shift mental sets is linked with inter-individual differences in children’s understanding of situational causes of emotion. Therefore studying EFs as correlates of emotion understanding is an important focus of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Costa Martins
- Maia University Institute - ISMAI & Center for Psychology at University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Osório
- Cognitive and Social Neuroscience Laboratory, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Martins
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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10
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Berkovich-Ohana A, Glicksohn J, Goldstein A. Studying the default mode and its mindfulness-induced changes using EEG functional connectivity. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2014; 9:1616-24. [PMID: 24194576 PMCID: PMC4187278 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nst153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) has been largely studied by imaging, but not yet by neurodynamics, using electroencephalography (EEG) functional connectivity (FC). mindfulness meditation (MM), a receptive, non-elaborative training is theorized to lower DMN activity. We explored: (i) the usefulness of EEG-FC for investigating the DMN and (ii) the MM-induced EEG-FC effects. To this end, three MM groups were compared with controls, employing EEG-FC (-MPC, mean phase coherence). Our results show that: (i) DMN activity was identified as reduced overall inter-hemispheric gamma MPC during the transition from resting state to a time production task and (ii) MM-induced a state increase in alpha MPC as well as a trait decrease in EEG-FC. The MM-induced EEG-FC decrease was irrespective of expertise or band. Specifically, there was a relative reduction in right theta MPC, and left alpha and gamma MPC. The left gamma MPC was negatively correlated with MM expertise, possibly related to lower internal verbalization. The trait lower gamma MPC supports the notion of MM-induced reduction in DMN activity, related with self-reference and mind-wandering. This report emphasizes the possibility of studying the DMN using EEG-FC as well as the importance of studying meditation in relation to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviva Berkovich-Ohana
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Department of Criminology, and Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900 Israel. The Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Department of Criminology, and Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900 Israel.
| | - Joseph Glicksohn
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Department of Criminology, and Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900 Israel. The Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Department of Criminology, and Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900 Israel
| | - Abraham Goldstein
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Department of Criminology, and Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900 Israel. The Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Department of Criminology, and Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900 Israel
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11
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Müller VI, Langner R, Cieslik EC, Rottschy C, Eickhoff SB. Interindividual differences in cognitive flexibility: influence of gray matter volume, functional connectivity and trait impulsivity. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 220:2401-14. [PMID: 24878823 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0797-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive flexibility, a core aspect of executive functioning, is required for the speeded shifting between different tasks and sets. Using an interindividual differences approach, we examined whether cognitive flexibility, as assessed by the Delis-Kaplan card-sorting test, is associated with gray matter volume (GMV) and functional connectivity (FC) of regions of a core network of multiple cognitive demands as well as with different facets of trait impulsivity. The core multiple-demand network was derived from three large-scale neuroimaging meta-analyses and only included regions that showed consistent associations with sustained attention, working memory as well as inhibitory control. We tested to what extent self-reported impulsivity as well as GMV and resting-state FC in this core network predicted cognitive flexibility independently and incrementally. Our analyses revealed that card-sorting performance correlated positively with GMV of the right anterior insula, FC between bilateral anterior insula and midcingulate cortex/supplementary motor area as well as the impulsivity dimension "Premeditation." Importantly, GMV, FC and impulsivity together accounted for more variance of card-sorting performance than every parameter alone. Our results therefore indicate that various factors contribute individually to cognitive flexibility, underlining the need to search across multiple modalities when aiming to unveil the mechanisms behind executive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika I Müller
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany,
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12
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Nowrangi MA, Lyketsos C, Rao V, Munro CA. Systematic review of neuroimaging correlates of executive functioning: converging evidence from different clinical populations. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2014; 26:114-25. [PMID: 24763759 PMCID: PMC5171230 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.12070176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Executive functioning (EF) is an important cognitive domain that is negatively affected in a number of neuropsychiatric conditions. Neuroimaging methods have led to insights into the anatomical and functional nature of EF. The authors conducted a systematic review of the recent cognitive and neuroimaging literature to investigate how the neuroimaging correlates of EF compare between different diagnostic groups. The authors found that the frontal, parietal, and cerebellar lobes were most frequently associated with EF when comparing results from different clinical populations; the occipital lobe was not correlated with EF in any group. These findings suggest that individual disease processes affect circuits within an identifiable distributed network rather than isolated regions.
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13
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Rossi S, Bozzali M, Bari M, Mori F, Studer V, Motta C, Buttari F, Cercignani M, Gravina P, Mastrangelo N, Castelli M, Mancino R, Nucci C, Sottile F, Bernardini S, Maccarrone M, Centonze D. Association between a genetic variant of type-1 cannabinoid receptor and inflammatory neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82848. [PMID: 24391723 PMCID: PMC3877004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic ablation of type-1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1Rs) exacerbates the neurodegenerative damage of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, the rodent model of multiple sclerosis (MS). To address the role on CB1Rs in the pathophysiology of human MS, we first investigated the impact of AAT trinucleotide short tandem repeat polymorphism of CNR1 gene on CB1R cell expression, and secondly on the inflammatory neurodegeneration process responsible for irreversible disability in MS patients. We found that MS patients with long AAT repeats within the CNR1 gene (≥12 in both alleles) had more pronounced neuronal degeneration in response to inflammatory white matter damage both in the optic nerve and in the cortex. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), in fact, showed more severe alterations of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and of the macular volume (MV) after an episode of optic neuritis in MS patients carrying the long AAT genotype of CNR1. MS patients with long AAT repeats also had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence of increased gray matter damage in response to inflammatory lesions of the white matter, especially in areas with a major role in cognition. In parallel, visual abilities evaluated at the low contrast acuity test, and cognitive performances were negatively influenced by the long AAT CNR1 genotype in our sample of MS patients. Our results demonstrate the biological relevance of the (AAT)n CNR1 repeats in the inflammatory neurodegenerative damage of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rossi
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Bozzali
- Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Bari
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Chirurgia, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Mori
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Studer
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Motta
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Buttari
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Cercignani
- Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Clinical Imaging Sciences Centre, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, East Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Gravina
- Dipartimento Medicina di Laboratorio, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicolina Mastrangelo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Chirurgia, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maura Castelli
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Mancino
- Clinica Oculistica, Dipartimento di Biopatologia, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Nucci
- Clinica Oculistica, Dipartimento di Biopatologia, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Bernardini
- Dipartimento Medicina di Laboratorio, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Center of Integrated Research, School of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Centonze
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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14
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Meoded A, Kwan JY, Peters TL, Huey ED, Danielian LE, Wiggs E, Morrissette A, Wu T, Russell JW, Bayat E, Grafman J, Floeter MK. Imaging findings associated with cognitive performance in primary lateral sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2013; 3:233-50. [PMID: 24052798 PMCID: PMC3776403 DOI: 10.1159/000353456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Executive dysfunction occurs in many patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but it has not been well studied in primary lateral sclerosis (PLS). The aims of this study were to (1) compare cognitive function in PLS to that in ALS patients, (2) explore the relationship between performance on specific cognitive tests and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics of white matter tracts and gray matter volumes, and (3) compare DTI metrics in patients with and without cognitive and behavioral changes. Methods The Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS), the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (DRS-2), and other behavior and mood scales were administered to 25 ALS patients and 25 PLS patients. Seventeen of the PLS patients, 13 of the ALS patients, and 17 healthy controls underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and DTI. Atlas-based analysis using MRI Studio software was used to measure fractional anisotropy, and axial and radial diffusivity of selected white matter tracts. Voxel-based morphometry was used to assess gray matter volumes. The relationship between diffusion properties of selected association and commissural white matter and performance on executive function and memory tests was explored using a linear regression model. Results More ALS than PLS patients had abnormal scores on the DRS-2. DRS-2 and D-KEFS scores were related to DTI metrics in several long association tracts and the callosum. Reduced gray matter volumes in motor and perirolandic areas were not associated with cognitive scores. Conclusion The changes in diffusion metrics of white matter long association tracts suggest that the loss of integrity of the networks connecting fronto-temporal areas to parietal and occipital areas contributes to cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avner Meoded
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md., USA
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Vigliecca NS, Peñalva MC, Molina SC, Voos JA, Vigliecca MR. Is the Folstein's Mini-Mental Test an Aphasia Test? APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2012; 19:221-8. [DOI: 10.1080/09084282.2011.643962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Silvana Vigliecca
- a Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de la Argentina (CONICET), Servicio de Neurología y Neurocirugía del Hospital Córdoba and Centro de Investigaciones de la Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades (CIFFyH), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC) , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Marisa Carola Peñalva
- b Centro de Investigaciones de la Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades (CIFFyH), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC) , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Silvia Cristina Molina
- b Centro de Investigaciones de la Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades (CIFFyH), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC) , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Javier Alfredo Voos
- c Grupo de Ingeniería Clínica (GIC) de la Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (UTN) , Regional Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Marcelo Rinaldo Vigliecca
- b Centro de Investigaciones de la Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades (CIFFyH), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC) , Córdoba , Argentina
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Libon DJ, McMillan C, Avants B, Boller A, Morgan B, Burkholder L, Chandrasekaran K, Elman L, McCluskey L, Grossman M. Deficits in concept formation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuropsychology 2012; 26:422-9. [PMID: 22612577 PMCID: PMC3516292 DOI: 10.1037/a0028668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is associated with impaired executive control. The aim of the current research was to test the hypothesis that concept formation deficits associated with an extramotor neurocognitive network involving executive and semantic resources can be found in some ALS patients. METHOD Forty-one patients with clinically definite ALS were assessed with Delis Kaplan Executive Function System Sorting Test (D-KEFS), a measure of concept formation requiring patients to manipulate verbal and visual semantic information and neuropsychological tests measuring naming, semantic memory, and executive control. Using D-KEFS scale scores, a k-mean cluster analysis specifying a 3-group solution was able to classify ALS patients into groups presenting with mildly impaired, average, and above average sorting test performance. High-resolution T1 structural MRI was used to examine cortical thickness in a subset of 16 ALS patients. RESULTS Stepwise regression analyses related free and recognition sorting test performance to measures of action naming, single word semantic knowledge, and mental search/working memory. MRI studies found widespread cortical thinning involving bilateral frontal, temporal, and parietal regions. Regression analyses related recognition sorting performance to reduced MRI cortical thickness involving the left prefrontal and left parietal cortex. CONCLUSIONS An extramotor cognitive network is associated with impaired concept formation in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Libon
- Department of Neurology, Drexel University College of Medicine, New College Building, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
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Garcin B, Volle E, Dubois B, Levy R. Similar or different? The role of the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex in similarity detection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34164. [PMID: 22479551 PMCID: PMC3316621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with frontal lobe syndrome can exhibit two types of abnormal behaviour when asked to place a banana and an orange in a single category: some patients categorize them at a concrete level (e.g., “both have peel”), while others continue to look for differences between these objects (e.g., “one is yellow, the other is orange”). These observations raise the question of whether abstraction and similarity detection are distinct processes involved in abstract categorization, and that depend on separate areas of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). We designed an original experimental paradigm for a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study involving healthy subjects, confirming the existence of two distinct processes relying on different prefrontal areas, and thus explaining the behavioural dissociation in frontal lesion patients. We showed that: 1) Similarity detection involves the anterior ventrolateral PFC bilaterally with a right-left asymmetry: the right anterior ventrolateral PFC is only engaged in detecting physical similarities; 2) Abstraction per se activates the left dorsolateral PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Garcin
- CR-ICM-UPMC, Inserm UMR_S 975;CNRS UMR 7225, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
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Abstract
There are many reports of relations between age and cognitive variables and of relations between age and variables representing different aspects of brain structure and a few reports of relations between brain structure variables and cognitive variables. These findings have sometimes led to inferences that the age-related brain changes cause the age-related cognitive changes. Although this conclusion may well be true, it is widely recognized that simple correlations are not sufficient to warrant causal conclusions, and other types of correlational information, such as mediation and correlations between longitudinal brain changes and longitudinal cognitive changes, also have limitations with respect to causal inferences. These issues are discussed, and the existing results on relations of regional volume, white matter hyperintensities, and diffusion tensor imaging measures of white matter integrity to age and to measures of cognitive functioning are reviewed. It is concluded that at the current time the evidence that these aspects of brain structure are neuroanatomical substrates of age-related cognitive decline is weak. The final section contains several suggestions concerning measurement and methodology that may lead to stronger conclusions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Salthouse
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4400, USA.
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Schroeter ML, Vogt B, Frisch S, Becker G, Barthel H, Mueller K, Villringer A, Sabri O. Executive deficits are related to the inferior frontal junction in early dementia. Brain 2012; 135:201-15. [PMID: 22184615 PMCID: PMC3267982 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awr311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Executive functions describe a wide variety of higher order cognitive processes that allow the flexible modification of thought and behaviour in response to changing cognitive or environmental contexts. Their impairment is common in neurodegenerative disorders. Executive deficits negatively affect everyday activities and hamper the ability to cope with other deficits, such as memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease or behavioural disorders in frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Our study aimed to characterize the neural correlates of executive functions by relating respective deficits to regional hypometabolism in early dementia. Executive functions were assessed with two classical tests, the Stroop and semantic fluency test and various subtests of the behavioural assessment of the dysexecutive syndrome test battery capturing essential aspects of executive abilities relevant to daily living. Impairments in executive functions were correlated with reductions in brain glucose utilization as measured by [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and analysed voxelwise using statistical parametric mapping in 54 subjects with early dementia, mainly Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration, and its prodromal stages: subjective and mild cognitive impairment. Although the analysis revealed task-specific frontoparietal networks, it consistently showed that hypometabolism in one region in the left lateral prefrontal cortex-the inferior frontal junction area-was related to performance in the various neuropsychological tests. This brain region has recently been related to the three component processes of cognitive control-working memory, task switching and inhibitory control. Group comparisons additionally showed hypometabolism in this area in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Our study underlines the importance of the inferior frontal junction area for cognitive control in general and for executive deficits in early dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias L Schroeter
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1A, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Whitwell JL, Przybelski SA, Weigand SD, Ivnik RJ, Vemuri P, Gunter JL, Senjem ML, Shiung MM, Boeve BF, Knopman DS, Parisi JE, Dickson DW, Petersen RC, Jack CR, Josephs KA. Distinct anatomical subtypes of the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia: a cluster analysis study. Brain 2009; 132:2932-46. [PMID: 19762452 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awp232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia is a progressive neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by changes in personality and behaviour. It is typically associated with frontal lobe atrophy, although patterns of atrophy are heterogeneous. The objective of this study was to examine case-by-case variability in patterns of grey matter atrophy in subjects with the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia and to investigate whether behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia can be divided into distinct anatomical subtypes. Sixty-six subjects that fulfilled clinical criteria for a diagnosis of the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia with a volumetric magnetic resonance imaging scan were identified. Grey matter volumes were obtained for 26 regions of interest, covering frontal, temporal and parietal lobes, striatum, insula and supplemental motor area, using the automated anatomical labelling atlas. Regional volumes were divided by total grey matter volume. A hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis using Ward's clustering linkage method was performed to cluster the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia subjects into different anatomical clusters. Voxel-based morphometry was used to assess patterns of grey matter loss in each identified cluster of subjects compared to an age and gender-matched control group at P < 0.05 (family-wise error corrected). We identified four potentially useful clusters with distinct patterns of grey matter loss, which we posit represent anatomical subtypes of the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia. Two of these subtypes were associated with temporal lobe volume loss, with one subtype showing loss restricted to temporal lobe regions (temporal-dominant subtype) and the other showing grey matter loss in the temporal lobes as well as frontal and parietal lobes (temporofrontoparietal subtype). Another two subtypes were characterized by a large amount of frontal lobe volume loss, with one subtype showing grey matter loss in the frontal lobes as well as loss of the temporal lobes (frontotemporal subtype) and the other subtype showing loss relatively restricted to the frontal lobes (frontal-dominant subtype). These four subtypes differed on clinical measures of executive function, episodic memory and confrontation naming. There were also associations between the four subtypes and genetic or pathological diagnoses which were obtained in 48% of the cohort. The clusters did not differ in behavioural severity as measured by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory; supporting the original classification of the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia in these subjects. Our findings suggest behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia can therefore be subdivided into four different anatomical subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Whitwell
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Huey ED, Goveia EN, Paviol S, Pardini M, Krueger F, Zamboni G, Tierney MC, Wassermann EM, Grafman J. Executive dysfunction in frontotemporal dementia and corticobasal syndrome. Neurology 2009; 72:453-9. [PMID: 19188577 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000341781.39164.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the pattern of executive dysfunction in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS) and to determine the brain areas associated with executive dysfunction in these illnesses. METHOD We administered the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS), a collection of standardized executive function tests, to 51 patients with behavioral-variant FTD and 50 patients with CBS. We also performed a discriminant analysis on the D-KEFS to determine which executive function tests best distinguished the clinical diagnoses of FTD and CBS. Finally, we used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to determine regional gray matter volume loss associated with executive dysfunction. RESULTS Patients with FTD and patients with CBS showed executive dysfunction greater than memory dysfunction. Executive function was better preserved in the patients with CBS than the patients with FTD with the exception of tests that required motor, visuospatial ability, or both. In patients with CBS, dorsal frontal and parietal and temporal-parietal cortex was associated with executive function. In FTD, tests with a language component (Verbal Fluency) were associated with left perisylvian cortex, sorting with the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and reasoning (the Twenty Questions task) with the left anterior frontal cortex. The Twenty Questions test best distinguished the clinical diagnoses of CBS and FTD. CONCLUSIONS The neuroanatomic findings (especially in frontotemporal dementia [FTD]) agree with the previous literature on this topic. Patients with FTD and patients with corticobasal syndrome (CBS) show disparate performance on higher-order executive functions, especially the Twenty Questions test. It may be difficult to distinguish motor and visuospatial ability from executive function in patients with CBS using tests with significant motor and visuospatial demands such as Trail Making.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Huey
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1440, USA
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