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Scussiatto HO, da Silva JLB, Figueiredo AF, Ramos RAMR, de Rezende Pinna F, Voegels RL, Pinto JM, Fornazieri MA. Association of air pollution with olfactory identification performance of São Paulo residents: a cross-sectional study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2023; 96:621-628. [PMID: 36719485 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-023-01956-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to particulate matter of 10 μm or less in diameter (PM10) has been implicated in pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. However, the effect of PM10 on olfaction has not been well established. We estimated individual acute and chronic PM10 exposure levels in a large Brazilian cohort and related them to the ability to identify odors. METHODS Adults from São Paulo (n = 1358) were recruited from areas with different levels of air pollution. To verify individual exposure to air pollution, the averages of 30, 60, 90, 180 and 364 days of PM10 were interpolated to subjects' zip codes using the kriging method. Olfactory identification performance was tested using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT®). Multiple linear regressions were used to calculate the effect of air pollution on olfactory identification performance, controlling for demographic and other variables that affect the sense of smell. RESULTS Acute exposures to PM10 were related to worse UPSIT® scores, including 30- (β = - 0.94, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] - 0.98, - 0.89), 60- (β = - 1.09, 95% CI = - 1.13, - 1.04) and 90-day intervals (β = - 1.06, 95% CI - 1.10, - 1.02) (reference for β: 1 µm/m3 increase in PM10 exposure per point decrease in UPSIT® score). Chronic exposures were also associated with worse olfaction for both 180- (β = - 1.06, 95% CI - 1.10, - 1.03) and 364-day (β = - 0.87, 95% CI - 0.90, - 0.84) intervals. As in prior work, men, older, low-income, and low-schooling people demonstrated worse olfactory performance. CONCLUSION Acute and chronic exposure to PM10 is strongly associated with olfactory identification performance in Brazilian adults. Understanding the mechanisms which underlie these relationships could help to improve chemosensory function with a large public health impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Ochoa Scussiatto
- Department of Surgery, State University of Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, Londrina, Parana, 86057970, Brazil. .,Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Chicago, South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Jose Lucas Barbosa da Silva
- Department of Surgery, State University of Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, Londrina, Parana, 86057970, Brazil.,Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo, Doutor Arnaldo Avenue, São Paulo, 01246903, Brazil
| | - Alan Felipe Figueiredo
- Department of Surgery, State University of Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, Londrina, Parana, 86057970, Brazil
| | | | - Fabio de Rezende Pinna
- Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo, Doutor Arnaldo Avenue, São Paulo, 01246903, Brazil
| | - Richard Louis Voegels
- Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo, Doutor Arnaldo Avenue, São Paulo, 01246903, Brazil
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Chicago, South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Marco Aurelio Fornazieri
- Department of Surgery, State University of Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, Londrina, Parana, 86057970, Brazil.,Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo, Doutor Arnaldo Avenue, São Paulo, 01246903, Brazil.,Department of Surgery, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, Jockey Club Avenue, Londrina, Parana, 86067000, Brazil
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Olofsson JK. Olfaction and Aging: A Review of the Current State of Research and Future Directions. Iperception 2021; 12:20416695211020331. [PMID: 34249327 PMCID: PMC8239976 DOI: 10.1177/20416695211020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfaction, the sense of smell, is characterized by a notable age-dependency such that aging individuals are more likely to have poor olfactory abilities. These impairments are considered to be mostly irreversible and as having potentially profound effects on quality of life and food behavior, as well as constituting warning signs of mortality, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. Here, we review the current state of research on aging and olfaction, focusing on five topics which we regard to be of particular relevance for the field: nutrition and health, cognition and dementia, mortality, environment and genetics, and training-based enhancement. Under each of these headlines, we provide a state-of-the-art overview and discuss gaps in our knowledge which might be filled by further research. Understanding how olfactory abilities are diminished in aging, and how they may be alleviated or recovered, involves a set of challenging tasks for researchers in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas K. Olofsson
- Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Goette W. Reconsidering the RBANS Factor Structure: a Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analytic Factor Analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 2020; 30:425-442. [PMID: 32691281 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-020-09447-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The primary aim was to perform a systematic literature review and extract data necessary for a meta-analytic factor analysis of the RBANS. Secondary aims were to examine the potential validity and utility of the resulting factor structure. Literature was identified through a review of PsycINFO, PubMed, MEDLINE, Academic Search Complete, Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection, CINAHL Complete, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, and SocINDEX. A two-stage meta-analytic structural equation modeling method was implemented to pool correlation matrices from primary studies and perform confirmatory factor analyses. Following model selection, factor scores were computed for two datasets and subjected to correlation and diagnostic accuracy analyses. A pooled correlation matrix was computed from 24 sample correlation matrices (N = 5299). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the theoretical five-factor model produced the best fit but only when error terms between Story Memory and Story Recall as well as between Figure Copy and Figure Recall were included. Regression-based factor scores showed mixed relationships with the manual-defined indices, and the overall diagnostic accuracy of the factor scores was adequate in both samples examined (AUC = 0.71 and 0.87). The five-factor model was an unexpected result given the failure of multiple previous studies to find support for that model. The five-factor model demonstrates several areas of potential improvement, including better representation of the factors by the indicators. The factor scores implied by this model also require further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Goette
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Kreisl WC, Jin P, Lee S, Dayan ER, Vallabhajosula S, Pelton G, Luchsinger JA, Pradhaban G, Devanand DP. Odor Identification Ability Predicts PET Amyloid Status and Memory Decline in Older Adults. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:1759-1766. [PMID: 29614678 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Odor identification deficits occur in Alzheimer's disease (AD), as measured by the 40-item University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). OBJECTIVE To determine if UPSIT scores predict amyloid-β (Aβ) status, determined by 11C-Pittsburgh Compound B PET. We also compared UPSIT scores to Aβ status in predicting future memory decline. METHODS Subjects were recruited into a longitudinal clinical prediction study. We analyzed data from those who had UPSIT, cognitive testing, PIB PET, and at least 12 months' clinical follow-up. Forty-six amnestic mild cognitive impairment patients and 25 cognitively normal controls were included. Amyloid-positivity was defined as composite PIB standardized uptake value ratio >1.5. Logistic regression and Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve analyses tested the predictive utility of impaired olfaction (defined as UPSIT score <35) and amyloid-positivity for memory decline. RESULTS High UPSIT scores predicted absence of amyloidosis on PET, with negative predictive value of 100%. Positive predictive value of low UPSIT scores on positive Aβ status was only 41%. Both low UPSIT score (OR = 4.301, 95% CI = 1.248, 14.821, p = 0.021) and positive PET scan (OR = 20.898, 95% CI = 2.222, 196.581, p = 0.008) predicted memory decline. CONCLUSION Individuals with high UPSIT scores are less likely to have cerebral amyloidosis or experience memory decline. Therefore, UPSIT has potential as a screening tool to determine utility of Aβ PET in clinical practice or enrollment in clinical trials. Low UPSIT score is a non-specific marker of neurodegeneration that could indicate further workup in patients with memory complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peng Jin
- Division of Biostatistics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seonjoo Lee
- Division of Biostatistics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ezra R Dayan
- Taub Institute, Columbia University Medical, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Gregory Pelton
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - José A Luchsinger
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - D P Devanand
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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