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Goldman AW, Pinto JM. Sensory Health Among Older Adults in the United States: A Neighborhood Context Approach. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2024; 79:gbae003. [PMID: 38267366 PMCID: PMC10998359 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sensory health declines with age but remains critical to the navigation and enjoyment of everyday life. Neighborhoods are key sites of environmental exposure, social engagement, and access to resources that can shape sensory health, yet the residential neighborhood is understudied as a determinant of sensory function. METHODS We use data from Rounds 1 and 2 of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project to examine how subjective and objective measures of older adults' residential areas are associated with sensory health in a series of cross-sectional and multilevel regression models. RESULTS In cross-sectional models, higher levels of perceived neighborhood social ties are associated with significantly better self-rated vision. Older adults who reside in more densely populated tracts are more likely to have significantly worse olfactory identification, whereas residing in tracts with higher levels of concentrated disadvantage is associated with significantly lower levels of self-rated vision. In multilevel models, residing in more densely populated tracts is associated with significantly worse olfactory identification, whereas tract-level concentrated disadvantage is associated with significantly worse hearing and vision. DISCUSSION We propose that neighborhood characteristics could influence certain environmental exposures, the amount of time that older adults spend out of the home, patterns of social engagement, and access to preventative care that collectively affect sensory health. Residential neighborhoods may be important sites of potential intervention to slow age-related sensory declines and other related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa W Goldman
- Department of Sociology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Wang E, Wroblewski KE, McClintock MK, Witt LJ, Pinto JM. Examining the Longitudinal Relationship Between Olfactory Dysfunction and Frailty in Community-Dwelling, older US Adults. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024. [PMID: 38660882 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Olfactory dysfunction is a "canary in the coalmine" for aging conditions. We evaluated olfactory dysfunction as a biomarker of early frailty in older adults living in the United States. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, longitudinal, nationally representative study. SETTING National Social Life, Health and Aging Project (NSHAP). METHODS We examined data from 1061 community-dwelling older US adults. Odor identification (5-item Sniffin' Stick) and frailty scores were measured at baseline and 5-year follow-up. Multivariate logistic regressions evaluated the association between olfactory dysfunction and frailty at baseline in cross-section and over time in the transition from robust to prefrail to frail, adjusting for confounding factors measured at baseline. RESULTS Older US adults who were anosmic at baseline were more likely to be frail 5 years later compared to normosmic peers (odds ratio [OR]: 3.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10-13.31, P = .035). Examining changes in frailty stage over time, we found that anosmics were more likely to transition from prefrail to frail over 5 years (OR: 3.25, 95% CI: 1.31-8.08, P = .011). Interestingly, hyposmics did not show a similar trajectory toward frailty (P > .05). In contrast, olfactory dysfunction was not associated with frailty in cross-section (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.43-1.89, P = .787, hyposmia; OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.15-3.35, P = .673, anosmia). CONCLUSION Older US adults with anosmia face higher odds of becoming frail over 5 years, especially those in the prefrail stage. Olfactory dysfunction may serve as a surrogate marker for early-stage neurodegenerative diseases, which are strong contributors to frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Wang
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kristen E Wroblewski
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Martha K McClintock
- Department of Psychology, The Institute for Mind and Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Leah J Witt
- Divisions of Geriatrics and Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, The University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Wang E, Wroblewski KE, McClintock MK, Pinto JM, Witt LJ. Olfactory decline develops in parallel with frailty in older US adults with obstructive lung diseases. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2024; 14:819-827. [PMID: 37747949 PMCID: PMC10961252 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty is prevalent among older adults with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (obstructive lung diseases [OLDs]). Frailty and OLD's co-occurrence is associated with increased hospitalization/mortality. Chemosensory dysfunction is closely connected to both OLD and frailty. We evaluated the utility of olfactory decline as a biomarker of frailty in the setting of OLD. METHODS We performed a prospective, longitudinal, nationally representative study of community-dwelling older US adults in the National Social Life, Health and Aging Project, an omnibus in-home survey. Respondents reported a physician's diagnosis of OLD. Decline in odor identification and sensitivity over 5 years and frailty (adapted fried frailty phenotype criteria) were measured using standard tools. Multivariate logistic regressions evaluated the association between OLD status, olfactory decline, and frailty. RESULTS We compared individuals with OLD (n = 98; mean age 71.2 years, 59.2% women) and those without OLD (n = 1036; mean age 69.5 years, 58.9% women). Olfactory identification decline was associated with developing frailty over the 5-year follow-up period in individuals with OLD (odds ratio [OR] = 9.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.1-38.6, p = 0.003). Olfactory decline predicted incidence of frailty in individuals with OLD (identification: OR = 4.8, 95% CI = 1.3-17.5, P = 0.018; sensitivity: OR = 6.1, 95%CI = 1.2-31.0, p = 0.030) but not in those without OLD adjusting for demographics, heavy alcohol use, current smoking, and comorbidity. Results were robust to different thresholds for olfactory decline and frailty development. CONCLUSIONS Older adults with OLD who experience olfactory decline face higher odds of developing frailty. Use of olfactory decline as a biomarker to identify frailty could allow earlier intervention and decrease adverse outcomes for high-risk older adults with OLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Wang
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kristen E Wroblewski
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Martha K McClintock
- Department of Psychology and The Institute for Mind and Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Leah J Witt
- Divisions of Geriatrics and Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, The University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Dimitroyannis R, Fenton D, Cho S, Nordgren R, Pinto JM, Roxbury CR. A Social Media Quality Review of Popular Sinusitis Videos on TikTok. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024. [PMID: 38431902 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Social media may inform health care decisions among younger patient populations. TikTok is a social media platform that allows users to post short-form videos. This study aimed to assess the quality of sinusitis-related videos on TikTok. STUDY DESIGN We searched TikTok on January 29, 2023, for sinusitis-related hashtags: #sinusitis, #sinus, #sinusinfection. SETTING Internet. METHODS The number of views/shares per day, uploader type (nonmedical influencer, lay individual, and medical professional) content categories (medical advice, marketing, comedy, and lifestyle/acceptability), and content type (educational vs factual) were collected. The Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Audiovisual Material and Journal of the American Medical Association criteria score was used to measure understandability, actionability, and reliability. The Global Quality Scale (GQS) was used to evaluate the quality of videos; the harm/benefit score was used to evaluate causative effects. Analyses were performed using analysis of variance (α = .05). RESULTS There were 221 videos identified, which garnered over 300 million views and 1 million shares. Almost half of the videos were published by nonmedical influencers. When controlling for covariates, nonmedical influencers and lay uploaders were more likely to have harmful harm/benefit scores, less understandable videos, and lower GQS scores compared to medical professionals. Less than half of videos posted by nonmedical influencers categorized as educational were factual (46.7%); lay individuals and medical professionals had higher rates of factual educational content (79.9% and 83.7%, respectively). CONCLUSION Most nonmedical influencer-posted TikTok videos about sinusitis are inaccurate, despite being portrayed as medical advice/educational. Rhinologists must find modern ways to disseminate true disease-related content via social media to combat medical misinformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Dimitroyannis
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David Fenton
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stella Cho
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rachel Nordgren
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Christopher R Roxbury
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Ochoa Scussiatto H, Stenson KM, Al-Khudari S, Jelinek MJ, Pinto JM, Bhayani MK. Air pollution is associated with increased incidence-rate of head and neck cancers: A nationally representative ecological study. Oral Oncol 2024; 150:106691. [PMID: 38266316 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2024.106691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early studies show conflicting findings regarding particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) exposure and development of head and neck cancers (HNC). We analyzed the relationship between PM2.5 exposure and various types of HNC in a nationally representative ecological sample. METHODS We determined HNC incidence in 608 US counties from 2011 to 2019 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program from the National Cancer Institute. We also collected information on sociodemographic factors from SEER and data on smoking and alcohol intake from CDC data frames (county level). PM2.5 exposure levels were estimated using satellite and meteorological data via previously validated general additive models. Flexible semi-nonparametric regression models were used to test the relationship between PM2.5 exposure levels and HNC incidence, adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic factors, and comorbidity. RESULTS Increased PM2.5 exposure levels were associated with higher incidence-rates of oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers controlling for confounders in our primary analyses (IRR = 1.04, 95 % CI 1.01, 1.07, p = 0.02 per 1 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5). This relationship was maintained after adjusting for multiple testing (Holm s method, p = 0.04) and in ordinary least squares (OLS) regression (β = 0.17, 95 % CI 0.01, 0.57, p = 0.01). Increased exposure was also associated with other HNC: esophagus (IRR = 1.06, 95 % CI 1.01, 1.11, p = 0.02), lip (IRR = 1.16, 95 % CI 1.03, 1.31, p = 0.01), tonsil (IRR = 1.10, 95 % CI 1.03, 1.16, p < 0.01). However, these relationships were not maintained in secondary analyses. CONCLUSIONS This nationally representative ecological study shows that increased levels of air pollution are associated with increased incidence of overall oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Ochoa Scussiatto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kerstin M Stenson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Samer Al-Khudari
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael J Jelinek
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mihir K Bhayani
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Ochoa Scussiatto H, Wroblewski KE, Pagel KL, Schumm LP, McClintock MK, Ramanathan M, Suh HH, Pinto JM. Reply to: "Air pollution exposure is associated with rhinitis in older US adults via specific immune mechanisms". Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2024; 14:745-746. [PMID: 38018794 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristen E Wroblewski
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kristina L Pagel
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Colorado Mesa University, Grand Junction, Colorado, USA
| | - L Philip Schumm
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Martha K McClintock
- Department of Comparative Human Development, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Murray Ramanathan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Helen H Suh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Chamberlin KW, Li C, Luo Z, D'Aloisio AA, Pinto JM, Sandler DP, Chen H. Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and poor olfaction in women. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2024; 14:639-650. [PMID: 37548119 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is associated with poor olfaction in older adults. METHODS We selected 4020 participants, aged 50 to 79 years in 2018, from 36,492 eligible participants in the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Sister Study, according to their self-reported olfaction status. Of these, 3406 women completed the 12-item Brief Smell Identification Test. We defined poor olfaction as a test score ≤9 in the primary analysis. We then estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from weighted logistic models, accounting for the study design, missing exposures/outcomes, and covariates. RESULTS Overall, NSAID use was not associated with poor olfaction. However, we found evidence for potential multiplicative interactions. Specifically, the OR comparing regular versus never use of aspirin was 1.8 (95% CI, 1.1-3.2) among women who had not regularly used nonaspirin NSAIDs, while the corresponding OR was 0.8 (95% CI, 0.5-1.2) among nonaspirin NSAID users (P for interaction = 0.016). Similar results were seen for ibuprofen alone versus ibuprofen with other NSAID use (P for interaction = 0.010). Among women using either drug alone, associations with poor olfaction increased with increasing duration and cumulative dose. Post hoc analyses showed that the interactions could not be readily explained by potential biases. Other NSAIDs were not associated with olfaction. CONCLUSION Long-term regular use of aspirin or ibuprofen was associated with poor olfaction among women who never regularly used other types of NSAIDs. These preliminary findings warrant independent confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keran W Chamberlin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Chenxi Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Zhehui Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Aimee A D'Aloisio
- Social & Scientific Systems, DLH Holdings Corporation, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Honglei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Wang E, Diaz A, Zhang D, Dimitroyannis R, Kim D, Caballero N, Pinto JM, Roxbury CR. Impact of social determinants of health on access to rhinology care and patient outcomes: A pilot study. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2024; 9:e1192. [PMID: 38362189 PMCID: PMC10866601 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.1192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This novel pilot study constructs a social deprivation index (SDI) and utilizes an area deprivation index (ADI) to evaluate the link between social determinants of health and rhinology patient experiences. Methods Adult patients undergoing outpatient care of chronic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis at a tertiary academic medical center were recruited to participate in a telephone survey assessing symptoms, social/emotional consequences of disease, and barriers to care on a 5-point Likert scale. Sociodemographic characteristics were utilized to rate SDI on an 8-point scale. ADI was obtained by area code of residence. Ordered logistic regression was used to examine associations between the SDI/ADI and perceptions of rhinology care. Results Fifty patients were included. Individuals with higher SDI scores (i.e., more socially deprived) experienced more severe nasal congestion (p = .007). Furthermore, higher national ADI correlated with increased severity of smell changes (p = .050) and facial pressure (p = .067). No association was seen between either deprivation index and global/psychiatric symptoms. While no correlations were found between higher SDI and difficulties with the costs of prescriptions, rhinologist's visits, or saline, higher SDI was correlated with decreased difficulty with surgery costs (p = .029), and individuals with higher national ADI percentile had increased difficulties obtaining nasal saline (p = .029). Conclusion Worse social deprivation is associated with difficulties obtaining saline rinses and increased severity of nasal/sinus symptoms in an urban, underserved, majority-Black population. These findings suggest social factors affect access to and quality of rhinology care in a complex and nuanced way and highlight the need for a specific SDI to further study social determinants of health in rhinology. Level of Evidence 2c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Wang
- Pritzker School of MedicineUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Ashley Diaz
- Pritzker School of MedicineUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Douglas Zhang
- Pritzker School of MedicineUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | | | - Daniel Kim
- Pritzker School of MedicineUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Nadieska Caballero
- Department of Surgery, Section of OtolaryngologyUniversity of Chicago MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Jayant M. Pinto
- Department of Surgery, Section of OtolaryngologyUniversity of Chicago MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Christopher R. Roxbury
- Department of Surgery, Section of OtolaryngologyUniversity of Chicago MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
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Scussiatto HO, Wroblewski KE, Pagel KL, Schumm LP, McClintock MK, Ramanathan M, Suh HH, Pinto JM. Air pollution exposure is associated with rhinitis in older US adults via specific immune mechanisms. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2024; 14:68-77. [PMID: 37357822 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathophysiology of rhinitis in older adults is largely unknown. We tested whether air pollution is associated with this condition and how immune mechanisms may play a role in this relationship. METHODS We analyzed cross-sectional data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, a nationally representative study of older adults born between 1920 and 1947. Particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5 ) air pollution exposure estimates were generated using validated spatiotemporal models. Presence of rhinitis was defined based on medication use (≥1: intranasal medications: steroids, antihistamines, lubricants, and/or decongestants, and/or oral medications: antihistamines and/or decongestants). K-means cluster analysis (Jaccard method) was used to group 13 peripheral blood cytokines into 3 clusters to facilitate functional determination. We fitted multivariate logistic regressions to correlate PM2.5 exposure with presence of rhinitis, controlling for confounders, and then determined the role of cytokines in this relationship. RESULTS Long- (but not short-) term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with presence of rhinitis: 3-year exposure window, odds ratio (OR) = 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.98, 1.80, per 1 standard deviation (SD) PM2.5 increase. Inclusion of cytokine cluster in the model led to a modestly stronger effect of PM2.5 exposure on rhinitis (OR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.87; 3-year exposure window). The particular immune profile responsible for this result was composed of elevated IL-3, IL-12, and IFN-γ (OR = 4.86, 95% CI: 1.10, 21.58, immune profile-PM2.5 exposure interaction term). CONCLUSION We show for the first time that IL-3, IL-12, and IFN-γ explain in part the relationship between PM2.5 exposure and rhinitis in older US adults. If confirmed, these immune pathways may be used as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristen E Wroblewski
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kristina L Pagel
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Colorado Mesa University, Grand Junction, Colorado, USA
| | - L Phillip Schumm
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Martha K McClintock
- Department of Comparative Human Development, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Murray Ramanathan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Helen H Suh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Chamberlin KW, Yuan Y, Li C, Luo Z, Reeves M, Kucharska-Newton A, Pinto JM, Ma J, Simonsick EM, Chen H. Olfactory impairment and the risk of major adverse cardiovascular outcomes in older adults. medRxiv 2023:2023.10.27.23297697. [PMID: 37961698 PMCID: PMC10635221 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.27.23297697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Olfactory impairment is common in older adults and may be associated with adverse cardiovascular health; however, empirical evidence is sparse. Objective To examine olfaction and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods This study included 2,537 older adults (aged 75.6±2.8 years) from the Health ABC Study with olfaction assessed by the 12-item Brief Smell Identification Test in 1999-2000, defined as poor (score ≤8), moderate (9-10), or good (11-12). The outcomes were incident CHD, stroke, and CHF. Results During up to 12-year follow-up, 353 incident CHD, 258 stroke, and 477 CHF events were identified. Olfaction was associated with incident CHF, but not with CHD or stroke. After adjusting for demographics, the cause-specific hazard ratio (HR) of CHF was 1.35 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08, 1.70) for moderate and 1.39 (95%CI: 1.09, 1.76) for poor olfaction. With additional adjustment for lifestyle, chronic diseases, and biomarkers of CHF, the HR was modestly attenuated to 1.32 (95%CI: 1.05, 1.66) for moderate and 1.28 (95%CI: 1.01, 1.64) for poor olfaction. These associations were robust in pre-planned subgroup analyses by age, sex, race, and prevalent CHD/stroke. However, the associations appeared to be evident among participants who reported very-good-to-excellent health (HR=1.47 (95%CI: 1.02, 2.13) for moderate and 1.76, (95%CI: 1.20, 2.57) for poor olfaction). In contrast, null association with CHF was found among those with fair-to-poor self-reported health. Conclusions In community-dwelling older adults, a single olfaction test was associated with a long-term risk for incident CHF, particularly among those reporting very-good-to-excellent health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keran W. Chamberlin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Yaqun Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Chenxi Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Zhehui Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Mathew Reeves
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Anna Kucharska-Newton
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jayant M. Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL
| | - Jiantao Ma
- Division of Nutrition Epidemiology and Data Science, Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Eleanor M. Simonsick
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD
| | - Honglei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
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Whitcroft KL, Altundag A, Balungwe P, Boscolo-Rizzo P, Douglas R, Enecilla MLB, Fjaeldstad AW, Fornazieri MA, Frasnelli J, Gane S, Gudziol H, Gupta N, Haehner A, Hernandez AK, Holbrook EH, Hopkins C, Hsieh JW, Huart C, Husain S, Kamel R, Kim JK, Kobayashi M, Konstantinidis I, Landis BN, Lechner M, Macchi A, Mazal PP, Miri I, Miwa T, Mori E, Mullol J, Mueller CA, Ottaviano G, Patel ZM, Philpott C, Pinto JM, Ramakrishnan VR, Roth Y, Schlosser RJ, Stjärne P, Van Gerven L, Vodicka J, Welge-Luessen A, Wormald PJ, Hummel T. Position paper on olfactory dysfunction: 2023. Rhinology 2023; 61:1-108. [PMID: 37454287 DOI: 10.4193/rhin22.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since publication of the original Position Paper on Olfactory Dysfunction in 2017 (PPOD-17), the personal and societal burden of olfactory disorders has come sharply into focus through the lens of the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinicians, scientists and the public are now more aware of the importance of olfaction, and the impact of its dysfunction on quality of life, nutrition, social relationships and mental health. Accordingly, new basic, translational and clinical research has resulted in significant progress since the PPOD-17. In this updated document, we present and discuss currently available evidence for the diagnosis and management of olfactory dysfunction. Major updates to the current version include, amongst others: new recommendations on olfactory related terminology; new imaging recommendations; new sections on qualitative OD and COVID-19 OD; updated management section. Recommendations were agreed by all co-authors using a modified Delphi process. CONCLUSIONS We have provided an overview of current evidence and expert-agreed recommendations for the definition, investigation, and management of OD. As for our original Position Paper, we hope that this updated document will encourage clinicians and researchers to adopt a common language, and in so doing, increase the methodological quality, consistency, and generalisability of work in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Whitcroft
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- and UCL Ear Institute, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- and The Centre for Olfactory Research and Applications, Institute of Philosophy, School of Advanced Studies, University of London, London, UK
| | - A Altundag
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul Surgery Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - P Balungwe
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- and Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - P Boscolo-Rizzo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - R Douglas
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - M L B Enecilla
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, St. Luke's Medical Center, Global City, Philippines
- and Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Asian Hospital and Medical Center, Muntinlupa, Philippines
- and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical Center Taguig, Taguig, Philippines
| | - A W Fjaeldstad
- The Centre for Olfactory Research and Applications, Institute of Philosophy, School of Advanced Studies, University of London, London, UK
- and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Clinic for Flavour, Balance and Sleep, Regional Hospital Gødstrup, Herning, Denmark
- and Department of Clinical Medicine, Flavour Institute, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- and Center for Eudaimonia and Human Flourishing, Linacre College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M A Fornazieri
- Department of Clinical Surgery, Universidade Estadual de Londrina and Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Londrina, Brazil
| | - J Frasnelli
- Research Chair in Chemosensory Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- and Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - S Gane
- The Centre for Olfactory Research and Applications, Institute of Philosophy, School of Advanced Studies, University of London, London, UK
- and Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, UCLH, London
| | - H Gudziol
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - N Gupta
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - A Haehner
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - A K Hernandez
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- and Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Asian Hospital and Medical Center, Muntinlupa, Philippines
- and Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines - Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - E H Holbrook
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Hopkins
- Guys and St Thomas NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - J W Hsieh
- Rhinology-Olfactology Unit, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Huart
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
- and Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Husain
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R Kamel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - J K Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Konkuk University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M Kobayashi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - I Konstantinidis
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Second Academic Otorhinolaryngology Department, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - B N Landis
- Rhinology-Olfactology Unit, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Lechner
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
- and UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- and ENT Department, Homerton Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Macchi
- ENT Clinic, University of Insubria, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - P P Mazal
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - I Miri
- Service Médecine Physique Réadaptation fonctionnelle, Institut Mohamed Kassab d'Orthopédie, Mannouba, Tunisia
| | - T Miwa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - E Mori
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jikei University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J Mullol
- Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona
- IDIBAPS
- CIBERES. Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - C A Mueller
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - G Ottaviano
- Department of Neurosciences DNS, Otolaryngology Section, University, Padua, Italy
| | - Z M Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - C Philpott
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- and The Smell and Taste Clinic, James Paget University Hospital, Gorleston, UK
| | - J M Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - V R Ramakrishnan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University of School Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Y Roth
- The Institute for Nose and Sinus Therapy and Clinical Investigations, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Holon, Israel
| | - R J Schlosser
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - P Stjärne
- Section of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Van Gerven
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, UZ Leuven, Belgium
- and Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Otorhinolaryngology, KU Leuven, Belgium
- and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Unit, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Vodicka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Pardubice, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - A Welge-Luessen
- University Hospital Basel - Otorhinolaryngology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - P J Wormald
- Department of Surgery-Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - T Hummel
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Cao Z, Hernandez DG, Li C, Berghausen J, Luo Z, Iwaki H, D'Aloisio AA, Huang X, Pinto JM, Sandler DP, Singleton AB, Chen H. Polygenic risk score for Parkinson's disease and olfaction among middle-aged to older women. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 115:105815. [PMID: 37611509 PMCID: PMC10592043 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Olfactory impairment and Parkinson's disease (PD) may share common genetic and environmental risk factors. This study investigates the association of a PD polygenic risk score (PRS) with olfaction, and whether the associations are modified by environmental exposures of PM2.5, NO2, or smoking. METHODS This analysis included 3358 women (aged 50-80) from the Sister Study with genetic data and results from the Brief Smell Identification Test (B-SIT) administered in 2018-2019. PD PRS was calculated using 90 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Olfactory impairment was defined with different B-SIT cutoffs, and PD diagnosis was adjudicated via expert review. We report odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS As expected, PD PRS was strongly associated with the odds of having PD (OR highest vs. lowest quartile = 3.79 (1.64, 8.73)). The highest PRS quartile was also associated with olfactory impairment, with OR ranging from 1.24 (0.98, 1.56) for a B-SIT cutoff of 9 to 1.42 (1.04, 1.92) for a cutoff of 6. For individual B-SIT items, the highest PRS quartile was generally associated with lower odds of correctly identifying the odorant, albeit only statistically significant for pineapple (0.72 (0.56, 0.94), soap (0.76 (0.58, 0.99)) and rose (0.70 (0.54, 0.92)). The association of PD PRS with olfactory impairment was not modified by airborne environmental exposures or smoking. CONCLUSION These preliminary data suggest that high PD genetic susceptibility is associated with olfactory impairment in middle-aged and older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichun Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Dena G Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Chenxi Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Joos Berghausen
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington D.C., USA.
| | - Zhehui Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Hirotaka Iwaki
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Aimee A D'Aloisio
- Social & Scientific Systems, a DLH Holdings Corporation, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Honglei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Soliai MM, Kato A, Naughton KA, Norton JE, Klinger AI, Kern RC, Tan BK, Nicolae DL, Schleimer RP, Ober C, Pinto JM. Epigenetic responses to rhinovirus exposure in airway epithelial cells are correlated with key transcriptional pathways in chronic rhinosinusitis. Allergy 2023; 78:2698-2711. [PMID: 37571876 PMCID: PMC10614423 DOI: 10.1111/all.15837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viruses may drive immune mechanisms responsible for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP), but little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. OBJECTIVES To identify epigenetic and transcriptional responses to a common upper respiratory pathogen, rhinovirus (RV), that are specific to patients with CRSwNP using a primary sinonasal epithelial cell culture model. METHODS Airway epithelial cells were collected at surgery from patients with CRSwNP (cases) and from controls without sinus disease, cultured, and then exposed to RV or vehicle for 48 h. Differential gene expression and DNA methylation (DNAm) between cases and controls in response to RV were determined using linear mixed models. Weighted gene co-expression analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify (a) co-regulated gene expression and DNAm signatures, and (b) genes, pathways, and regulatory mechanisms specific to CRSwNP. RESULTS We identified 5585 differential transcriptional and 261 DNAm responses (FDR <0.10) to RV between CRSwNP cases and controls. These differential responses formed three co-expression/co-methylation modules that were related to CRSwNP and three that were related to RV (Bonferroni corrected p < .01). Most (95%) of the differentially methylated CpGs (DMCs) were in modules related to CRSwNP, whereas the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were more equally distributed between the CRSwNP- and RV-related modules. Genes in the CRSwNP-related modules were enriched in known CRS and/or viral response immune pathways. CONCLUSION RV activates specific epigenetic programs and correlated transcriptional networks in the sinonasal epithelium of individuals with CRSwNP. These novel observations suggest epigenetic signatures specific to patients with CRSwNP modulate response to viral pathogens at the mucosal environmental interface. Determining how viral response pathways are involved in epithelial inflammation in CRSwNP could lead to therapeutic targets for this burdensome airway disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus M. Soliai
- Committee on Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Katherine A. Naughton
- Department of Human Genetics, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - James E. Norton
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Aiko I. Klinger
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Robert C. Kern
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Bruce K. Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Dan L. Nicolae
- Department of Statistics, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Robert P. Schleimer
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Carole Ober
- Committee on Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Jayant M. Pinto
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
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Du R, Jiao W, Ma J, Zhou Q, Liang ZS, Sun S, Ahmed OG, Rowan NR, Pinto JM, Ramanathan M, Zhang Z. Association between ambient temperature and chronic rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2023; 13:1906-1914. [PMID: 36897288 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic exposure to particulate matter air pollution (PM2.5 ) is associated with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Elevated ambient temperature may increase PM2.5 levels and thereby exacerbate sinonasal symptoms. This study investigates the association between high ambient temperature and the risk of CRS diagnosis. METHODS Patients with CRS were diagnosed at Johns Hopkins hospitals from May to October 2013-2022, and controls were matched patients without CRS meanwhile. A total of 4752 patients (2376 cases and 2376 controls) were identified with a mean (SD) age of 51.8 (16.8) years. The effect of maximum ambient temperature on symptoms was estimated with a distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM). Extreme heat was defined as 35.0°C (95th percentile of the maximum temperature distribution). Conditional logistic regression models estimated the association between extreme heat and the risk of CRS diagnosis. RESULTS Exposure to extreme heat was associated with increased odds of exacerbation of CRS symptoms (odds ratio [OR] 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.19). The cumulative effect of extreme heat during 0-21 lag days was significant (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.60-3.50) compared with the minimum morbidity temperature (MMT) at 25.3°C. Associations were more pronounced among young and middle-aged patients and patients with abnormal weight. CONCLUSIONS We found that short-term exposure to high ambient temperature is associated with increased CRS diagnosis, suggesting a cascading effect of meteorological phenomena. These results highlight climate change's potentially deleterious health effects on upper airway diseases, which could have a significant public health impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runming Du
- Department of Global Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wangteng Jiao
- Department of Global Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Junxiong Ma
- Department of Global Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Qinfeng Zhou
- Department of Global Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Liang
- Department of Global Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Shengzhi Sun
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Omar G Ahmed
- Division of Rhinology, Sinus, Sleep & Skull Base Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nicholas R Rowan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Murugappan Ramanathan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Global Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
- Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
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GoodSmith MS, Wroblewski KE, Schumm LP, McClintock MK, Pinto JM. Association of APOE ε4 Status With Long-term Declines in Odor Sensitivity, Odor Identification, and Cognition in Older US Adults. Neurology 2023; 101:e1341-e1350. [PMID: 37495381 PMCID: PMC10558172 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The APOE ε4 allele confers susceptibility to faster decline in odor identification and subsequently to Alzheimer disease (AD). Odor identification requires recognizing and naming odors and detecting them (odor sensitivity). Whether APOE ε4 is associated with decline of odor sensitivity and whether such decline serves as a harbinger of cognitive decline and AD remains unclear. We determined whether and when APOE ε4 affects decline in odor sensitivity, odor identification, and cognition in the National Social Life Health and Aging Project (NSHAP). METHODS We used data from NSHAP, a nationally representative survey study of home-dwelling US older adults. Olfaction was measured over time (odor identification in 2005, 2010, and 2015; odor sensitivity in 2010 and 2015; both using validated tests). Cognition was measured with a modified version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in 2010 and 2015. Genotyping was performed using DNA samples collected in 2010. Odor sensitivity and identification were compared among APOE ε4 carriers and noncarriers stratified by age. Relationships between APOE ε4, odor sensitivity, odor identification, and cognition were analyzed in cross-section using ordinal logistic regression and longitudinally using mixed-effects models adjusted for confounders. RESULTS Odor sensitivity was measured in 865 respondents, odor identification in 1,156 respondents, and cognition in 864 respondents; all these respondents had genetic data available. Odor sensitivity deficits in APOE ε4 carriers were apparent at ages 65-69 years, whereas odor identification deficits did not appear until ages 75-79 years. Subsequently, odor sensitivity did not decline more rapidly with aging in APOE ε4 carriers compared with that in noncarriers (carrier status and aging interaction: odds ratio [OR] 1.44, 95% CI 0.94-2.19, p = 0.092), whereas odor identification declined more rapidly in carriers (aging 10 years interaction: OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.13-0.52, p < 0.001). As expected, and in parallel to odor identification, cognition declined more rapidly in APOE ε4 carriers (interaction: OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.34-0.89, p = 0.015). DISCUSSION APOE ε4 affects decline of odor sensitivity earlier than odor identification or cognition. Thus, testing odor sensitivity may be useful to predict future impaired cognitive function. Identifying the mechanism underlying these relationships will elucidate the key role of olfaction in neurodegeneration during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S GoodSmith
- From the Internal Medicine-Pediatrics Residency Program (M.S.G.), Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Department of Public Health Sciences (K.E.W., L.P.S.), Department of Psychology and Institute for Mind and Biology (M.K.M.), and Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (J.M.P.), Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, IL.
| | - Kristen E Wroblewski
- From the Internal Medicine-Pediatrics Residency Program (M.S.G.), Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Department of Public Health Sciences (K.E.W., L.P.S.), Department of Psychology and Institute for Mind and Biology (M.K.M.), and Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (J.M.P.), Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, IL
| | - L Philip Schumm
- From the Internal Medicine-Pediatrics Residency Program (M.S.G.), Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Department of Public Health Sciences (K.E.W., L.P.S.), Department of Psychology and Institute for Mind and Biology (M.K.M.), and Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (J.M.P.), Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, IL
| | - Martha K McClintock
- From the Internal Medicine-Pediatrics Residency Program (M.S.G.), Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Department of Public Health Sciences (K.E.W., L.P.S.), Department of Psychology and Institute for Mind and Biology (M.K.M.), and Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (J.M.P.), Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, IL
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- From the Internal Medicine-Pediatrics Residency Program (M.S.G.), Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Department of Public Health Sciences (K.E.W., L.P.S.), Department of Psychology and Institute for Mind and Biology (M.K.M.), and Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (J.M.P.), Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, IL
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Cao Z, Yang A, White AJ, Purdy F, Li C, Luo Z, D’Aloisio AA, Suarez L, Deming-Halverson S, Pinto JM, Chen JC, Werder EJ, Kaufman JD, Sandler DP, Chen H. Ambient Air Pollutants and Olfaction among Women 50-79 Years of Age from the Sister Study. Environ Health Perspect 2023; 131:87012. [PMID: 37594315 PMCID: PMC10436839 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor olfaction is common in older adults and may have profound adverse implications on their health. However, little is known about the potential environmental contributors to poor olfaction. OBJECTIVE We investigated ambient fine particulate matter [PM ≤ 2.5 μ m in aerodynamic diameter (PM 2.5 )] and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) in relation to poor olfaction in middle-aged to older women. METHODS The Sister Study is a nationwide cohort of 50,884 women in the United States with annual average air pollutant exposures estimated based on participants' residences from enrollment (2003-2009) through 2017. This analysis was limited to 3,345 women, 50-79 years of age as of January 2018, who completed the Brief Smell Identification Test (B-SIT) in 2018-2019. Poor olfaction was defined as a B-SIT score of ≤ 9 in the primary analysis. We conducted multivariable logistic regressions, accounting for covariates and study sampling design. RESULTS Overall, we found little evidence for associations of air pollutants with poor olfaction. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of poor olfaction for each interquartile range (IQR) increment of air pollutants in 2006 were 1.03 (95% CI: 0.91, 1.17) for PM 2.5 (per 3.3 μ g / m 3 ) and 1.08 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.22) for NO 2 (per 5.7 ppb ). Results were similar in the analyses using the most recent (2017) or the cumulative average (2006-2017) air pollutant exposure data. Secondary analyses suggested potential association in certain subgroups. The OR per IQR was 1.35 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.65) for PM 2.5 among younger participants (< 54.2 years of age) and 1.87 (95% CI: 1.29, 2.71) for NO 2 among current smokers. DISCUSSION This study did not find convincing evidence that air pollutants have lasting detrimental effects on the sense of smell of women 50-79 years of age. The subgroup analyses are exploratory, and the findings need independent confirmation. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12066.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichun Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Aiwen Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Alexandra J. White
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Frank Purdy
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Chenxi Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Zhehui Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Aimee A. D’Aloisio
- Social & Scientific Systems, DLH Holdings Corporation, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lourdes Suarez
- Social & Scientific Systems, DLH Holdings Corporation, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Jayant M. Pinto
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Emily J. Werder
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joel D. Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine (UW Medicine), Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, UW Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Dale P. Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Honglei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Hernandez AK, Landis BN, Altundag A, Fjaeldstad AW, Gane S, Holbrook EH, Huart C, Konstantinidis I, Lechner M, Macchi A, Portillo Mazal P, Miwa T, Philpott CM, Pinto JM, Poletti SC, Vodicka J, Welge-Luessen A, Whitcroft KL, Hummel T. Olfactory Nomenclature: An Orchestrated Effort to Clarify Terms and Definitions of Dysosmia, Anosmia, Hyposmia, Normosmia, Hyperosmia, Olfactory Intolerance, Parosmia, and Phantosmia/Olfactory Hallucination. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2023; 85:312-320. [PMID: 37062268 PMCID: PMC10711772 DOI: 10.1159/000530211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Definitions are essential for effective communication and discourse, particularly in science. They allow the shared understanding of a thought or idea, generalization of knowledge, and comparison across scientific investigation. The current terms describing olfactory dysfunction are vague and overlapping. SUMMARY As a group of clinical olfactory researchers, we propose the standardization of the terms "dysosmia," "anosmia," "hyposmia," "normosmia," "hyperosmia," "olfactory intolerance," "parosmia," and "phantosmia" (or "olfactory hallucination") in olfaction-related communication, with specific definitions in this text. KEY MESSAGES The words included in this paper were determined as those which are most frequently used in the context of olfactory function and dysfunction, in both clinical and research settings. Despite widespread use in publications, however, there still exists some disagreement in the literature regarding the definitions of terms related to olfaction. Multiple overlapping and imprecise terms that are currently in use are confusing and hinder clarity and universal understanding of these concepts. There is a pressing need to have a unified agreement on the definitions of these olfactory terms by researchers working in the field of chemosensory sciences. With the increased interest in olfaction, precise use of these terms will improve the ability to integrate and advance knowledge in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kristina Hernandez
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines – Manila, Manila, Philippines
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Asian Hospital and Medical Center, Muntinlupa, Philippines
| | - Basile N. Landis
- Rhinology-Olfactology Unit, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aytug Altundag
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Biruni University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alexander Wieck Fjaeldstad
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Clinic for Flavour, Balance and Sleep, Regional Hospital Gødstrup, Herning, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Flavour Institute, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Eudaimonia and Human Flourishing, Linacre College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The Centre for Olfactory Research and Applications, Institute of Philosophy, School of Advanced Study, University of London, London, UK
| | - Simon Gane
- The Centre for Olfactory Research and Applications, Institute of Philosophy, School of Advanced Study, University of London, London, UK
- Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, UCLH, London, UK
| | - Eric H. Holbrook
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline Huart
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Iordanis Konstantinidis
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Second Academic Otorhinolaryngology Department, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Matt Lechner
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- ENT Department, Homerton Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alberto Macchi
- ENT Clinic, University of Insubria, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Patricia Portillo Mazal
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Takaki Miwa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Carl M. Philpott
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- The Smell and Taste Clinic, James Paget University Hospital, Gorleston, UK
| | - Jayant M. Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sophia C. Poletti
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jan Vodicka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Pardubice, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Antje Welge-Luessen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katherine L. Whitcroft
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- The Centre for Olfactory Research and Applications, Institute of Philosophy, School of Advanced Study, University of London, London, UK
- UCL Ear Institute, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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18
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Zhong S, Wroblewski KE, Laumann EO, McClintock MK, Pinto JM. Assessing how Age, Sex, Race, and Education Affect the Relationships Between Cognitive Domains and Odor Identification. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2023; 37:128-133. [PMID: 36989106 PMCID: PMC10238630 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The associations between cognitive domains and odor identification are well established, but how sociodemographic variables affect these relationships is less clear. PURPOSE Using the survey-adapted Montreal Cognitive Assessment instrument (MoCA-SA), we assess how age, sex, race, and education shape these relationships. METHODS We first used cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling to empirically derive distinct cognitive domains from the MoCA-SA as it is unclear whether the MoCA-SA can be disaggregated into cognitive domains. We then used ordinal logistic regression to test whether these empirically derived cognitive domains were associated with odor identification and how sociodemographic variables modified these relationships. STUDY POPULATION Nationally representative sample of community-dwelling US older adults. RESULTS We identified 5 out of the 6 theoretical cognitive domains, with the language domain unable to be identified. Odor identification was associated with episodic memory, visuospatial ability, and executive function. Stratified analyses by sociodemographic variables reveal that the associations between some of the cognitive domains and odor identification varied by age, sex, or race, but not by education. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that (1) the MoCA-SA can be used to identify cognitive domains in survey research and (2) the performance of smell tests as a screener for cognitive decline may potentially be weaker in certain subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Martha K. McClintock
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mind and Biology, University of Chicago
| | - Jayant M. Pinto
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Chicago
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19
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Adams DR, Rowan NR, Lin SY, Pinto JM, Roxbury CR. Are rhinitis and Eustachian tube dysfunction associated in United States adolescents? Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 167:111511. [PMID: 36933343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2023.111511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite longstanding clinical gestalt of a relationship between rhinitis and Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD), population-level evidence supporting this connection is lacking, particularly among adolescents. We aimed to investigate the association between rhinitis and ETD in a nationally-representative sample of United States adolescents. METHODS We performed cross-sectional analyses of 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (n = 1955, ages 12-19). Rhinitis (self-reported hay fever and/or nasal symptoms in the past 12 months) was stratified as allergic (AR) or nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) based on serum IgE aeroallergen positivity. History of ear disease and procedures was recorded. Tympanometry was classified by type (A, B, C). Multivariable logistic regression was used to test the association of rhinitis and ETD. RESULTS Among US adolescents, 29.4% reported rhinitis (NAR 38.9%, AR 61.1%), and 14.0% had abnormal tympanometry. Adolescents with rhinitis were more likely to report a history of ≥3 ear infections (NAR: OR 2.40, 95% CI: 1.72-3.34, p < 0.001; AR: OR 1.89, 95% CI: 1.21-2.95, p = 0.008) and tympanostomy tube placement (NAR: OR 3.53, 95% CI: 2.07-6.03, p < 0.001; AR: OR 1.91, 95% CI: 1.24-2.94, p = 0.006), compared to those without rhinitis. There was no association between rhinitis and abnormal tympanometry (NAR: p = 0.357; AR: p = 0.625). CONCLUSION NAR and AR are both associated with history of frequent ear infections and tympanostomy tube placement in US adolescents, supporting an association with ETD. This association is strongest for NAR, suggesting that specific inflammatory mechanisms may be involved in this condition and potentially explaining why traditional therapies for AR are largely ineffective for ETD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara R Adams
- Section of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas R Rowan
- Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sandra Y Lin
- Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher R Roxbury
- Section of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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20
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Scussiatto HO, da Silva JLB, Figueiredo AF, Ramos RAMR, de Rezende Pinna F, Voegels RL, Pinto JM, Fornazieri MA. Association of air pollution with olfactory identification performance of São Paulo residents: a cross-sectional study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2023; 96:621-628. [PMID: 36719485 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-023-01956-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to particulate matter of 10 μm or less in diameter (PM10) has been implicated in pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. However, the effect of PM10 on olfaction has not been well established. We estimated individual acute and chronic PM10 exposure levels in a large Brazilian cohort and related them to the ability to identify odors. METHODS Adults from São Paulo (n = 1358) were recruited from areas with different levels of air pollution. To verify individual exposure to air pollution, the averages of 30, 60, 90, 180 and 364 days of PM10 were interpolated to subjects' zip codes using the kriging method. Olfactory identification performance was tested using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT®). Multiple linear regressions were used to calculate the effect of air pollution on olfactory identification performance, controlling for demographic and other variables that affect the sense of smell. RESULTS Acute exposures to PM10 were related to worse UPSIT® scores, including 30- (β = - 0.94, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] - 0.98, - 0.89), 60- (β = - 1.09, 95% CI = - 1.13, - 1.04) and 90-day intervals (β = - 1.06, 95% CI - 1.10, - 1.02) (reference for β: 1 µm/m3 increase in PM10 exposure per point decrease in UPSIT® score). Chronic exposures were also associated with worse olfaction for both 180- (β = - 1.06, 95% CI - 1.10, - 1.03) and 364-day (β = - 0.87, 95% CI - 0.90, - 0.84) intervals. As in prior work, men, older, low-income, and low-schooling people demonstrated worse olfactory performance. CONCLUSION Acute and chronic exposure to PM10 is strongly associated with olfactory identification performance in Brazilian adults. Understanding the mechanisms which underlie these relationships could help to improve chemosensory function with a large public health impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Ochoa Scussiatto
- Department of Surgery, State University of Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, Londrina, Parana, 86057970, Brazil. .,Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Chicago, South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Jose Lucas Barbosa da Silva
- Department of Surgery, State University of Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, Londrina, Parana, 86057970, Brazil.,Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo, Doutor Arnaldo Avenue, São Paulo, 01246903, Brazil
| | - Alan Felipe Figueiredo
- Department of Surgery, State University of Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, Londrina, Parana, 86057970, Brazil
| | | | - Fabio de Rezende Pinna
- Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo, Doutor Arnaldo Avenue, São Paulo, 01246903, Brazil
| | - Richard Louis Voegels
- Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo, Doutor Arnaldo Avenue, São Paulo, 01246903, Brazil
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Chicago, South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Marco Aurelio Fornazieri
- Department of Surgery, State University of Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, Londrina, Parana, 86057970, Brazil.,Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo, Doutor Arnaldo Avenue, São Paulo, 01246903, Brazil.,Department of Surgery, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, Jockey Club Avenue, Londrina, Parana, 86067000, Brazil
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21
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Kern DW, Kaufmann GT, Hummer TA, Schumm LP, Wroblewski KE, Pinto JM, McClintock MK. Androstadienone sensitivity is associated with attention to emotions, social interactions, and sexual behavior in older U.S. adults. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280082. [PMID: 36638090 PMCID: PMC9838868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Δ 4,16-androstadien-3-one (androstadienone) is a putative human pheromone often linked to sexual attraction in young adults, although specific associations with sexual behavior are not yet established. Androstadienone also serves a broader social-emotional function beyond the sexual domain, specifically tuning the brain to efficiently process emotional information. Whether these effects persist throughout the lifespan into post-reproductive life is unknown. In a laboratory study of older adults, those with greater androstadienone odor sensitivity paid greater attention to subliminal emotional information, specifically, angry faces (p = 0.05), with a similar relationship to happy faces. In contrast, the physical odor n-butanol (a control) did not affect emotional attention (p = 0.49). We then extended this laboratory research and determined whether sensitivity to androstadienone affects the everyday lives of older adults by measuring their social and sexual behavior. In this second study, we surveyed in a nationally representative sample of US older adults living in their homes (National Social Life and Aging Project, 62-90 years; n = 2,086), along with their sensitivity to androstadienone, general olfactory function, health and demographics. Greater sensitivity to androstadienone was associated with richer social lives: having more friends, increased communication with close friends and family, and more participation in organized social events and volunteer activities (all p's ≤ 0.05, generalized linear models, adjusted for age and gender). It was also associated with more recent sexual activity, more frequent sexual thoughts, and viewing sex as an important part of life (all p's ≤ 0.05). General olfactory function did not explain these associations, supporting a specialized function for this pheromone during everyday life, and expanding its role to social life as well as sexual behavior, likely mediated by enhanced attention to emotional information.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W. Kern
- Isidore Newman School, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Gabriel T. Kaufmann
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Tom A. Hummer
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - L. Philip Schumm
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kristen E. Wroblewski
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jayant M. Pinto
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Martha K. McClintock
- Department of Psychology, The Institute for Mind and Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Zhang A, Wroblewski KE, Imbery TE, McClintock MK, Hawkley LC, Pinto JM. Can digital communication protect against depression for older adults with hearing and vision impairment during COVID-19? J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2022; 78:629-638. [PMID: 36512652 PMCID: PMC10066739 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES During social isolation imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, older adults with impaired hearing and vision potentially experienced more communication challenges, increasing their risk for poor mental health. Digital communication (e.g. video calls, email/text/social media) may alleviate in-person isolation and protect against depression. We addressed this question using data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, a nationally representative panel study of community-dwelling older adults. METHOD 2558 adults aged 55+ comprised the analytic sample. Interviewer rating at baseline (2015-16) classified those with vision impairment (VI) or hearing impairment (HI). Olfactory impairment (OI) was measured by objective testing. During COVID-19 (2020-21), respondents reported how often they contacted non-household family or friends and whether this was by phone, email/text/social media, video, or in-person. They also quantified frequency of depressive feelings. RESULTS Older adults with VI or HI but not OI at baseline were significantly less likely to report regular use of video calling and email/text/social media during the pandemic compared to those without impairment. Sensory impairments did not affect frequency of phone or in-person communication. Adults with VI or HI were more likely to experience frequent depressive feelings during COVID. Video calls mitigated this negative effect of VI- and HI-associated depressive feelings in a dose-dependent manner. DISCUSSION Among communication modalities, video calling had a protective effect against depressive feelings for people with sensory impairment during social isolation. Improving access to and usability of video communication for older adults with sensory impairment could be a strategy to improve their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Zhang
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Terence E Imbery
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Martha K McClintock
- Department of Comparative Human Development, The Institute for Mind and Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Jayant M Pinto
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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23
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Park B, London NR, Tharakan A, Rengasamy P, Rajagopalan S, Biswal S, Pinto JM, Ramanathan M. Particulate matter air pollution exposure disrupts the Nrf2 pathway in sinonasal epithelium via epigenetic alterations in a murine model. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2022; 12:1424-1427. [PMID: 35426488 PMCID: PMC9790744 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bongsoo Park
- Department of Environmental Health and EngineeringJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore MDUSA
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell AgingTranslational Gerontology BranchNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Nyall R. London
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine BaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Sinonasal and Skull Base Tumor ProgramThe National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication DisordersBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Anuj Tharakan
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine BaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Palanivel Rengasamy
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Shyam Biswal
- Department of Environmental Health and EngineeringJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore MDUSA
| | - Jayant M. Pinto
- Division of OtolaryngologyDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Murugappan Ramanathan
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine BaltimoreMarylandUSA
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24
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Luo J, Craver A, Zakin P, Stepniak L, Moore K, King J, Kibriya MG, Johnson J, Olopade CO, Pinto JM, Kim K, Ahsan H, Aschebrook‐Kilfoy B. Race may modify the association between blood type and COVID-19 infection. EJHaem 2022; 3:903-907. [PMID: 35945975 PMCID: PMC9353380 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the race/ethnicity-specific association between blood type and COVID-19 susceptibility during March, 2020 and December, 2021 using data from the electronic health record at the University of Chicago Medicine. The study population was stratified into four groups: non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and other. Log-binomial generalized mixed model was used to estimate the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). When compared to blood type O, type B was associated with positive COVID-19 test in Blacks (RR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.02-1.23), Whites (RR = 1.28, 95% CI: 0.99-1.66), and Hispanic (RR = 1.36, 95% CI: 0.97-1.92).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Luo
- Department of Public Health SciencesUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
- Institute for Population and Precision HealthUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
- Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Andrew Craver
- Institute for Population and Precision HealthUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Paul Zakin
- Department of Public Health SciencesUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
- Institute for Population and Precision HealthUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Liz Stepniak
- Department of Public Health SciencesUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
- Institute for Population and Precision HealthUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
- Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Kayla Moore
- Department of Public Health SciencesUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
- Institute for Population and Precision HealthUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Jaime King
- Department of Public Health SciencesUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
- Institute for Population and Precision HealthUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Muhammad G. Kibriya
- Department of Public Health SciencesUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
- Institute for Population and Precision HealthUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Julie Johnson
- Center for Research InformaticsUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | | | | | - Karen Kim
- Institute for Population and Precision HealthUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
- Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
- Department of MedicineUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Department of Public Health SciencesUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
- Institute for Population and Precision HealthUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
- Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Briseis Aschebrook‐Kilfoy
- Department of Public Health SciencesUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
- Institute for Population and Precision HealthUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
- Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
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25
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Yan K, Lin J, Albaugh S, Yang M, Wang E, Cyberski T, Abasiyanik MF, Wroblewski KE, O'Connor M, Klock A, Tung A, Shahul S, Kurian D, Tay S, Pinto JM. Measuring SARS-CoV-2 aerosolization in rooms of hospitalized patients. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2022; 7:1033-1041. [PMID: 35942422 PMCID: PMC9350181 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Airborne spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains a significant risk for healthcare workers. Understanding transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the hospital could help minimize nosocomial infection. The objective of this pilot study was to measure aerosolization of SARS-CoV-2 in the hospital rooms of COVID-19 patients. Methods Two air samplers (Inspirotec) were placed 1 and 4 m away from adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection hospitalized at an urban, academic tertiary care center from June to October 2020. Airborne SARS-CoV-2 concentration was measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and analyzed by clinical parameters and patient demographics. Results Thirteen patients with COVID-19 (eight females [61.5%], median age: 57 years old, range 25-82) presented with shortness of breath (100%), cough (38.5%) and fever (15.4%). Respiratory therapy during air sampling varied: mechanical ventilation via endotracheal tube (n = 3), high flow nasal cannula (n = 4), nasal cannula (n = 4), respiratory helmet (n = 1), and room air (n = 1). SARS-CoV-2 RNA was identified in rooms of three out of three intubated patients compared with one out of 10 of the non-intubated patients (p = .014). Airborne SARS-CoV-2 tended to decrease with distance (1 vs. 4 m) in rooms of intubated patients. Conclusions Hospital rooms of intubated patients had higher levels of aerosolized SARS-CoV-2, consistent with increased aerosolization of virus in patients with severe disease or treatment with positive pressure ventilation through an endotracheal tube. While preliminary, these data have safety implications for health care workers and design of protective measures in the hospital. Level of Evidence 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Yan
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of California Los AngelesCaliforniaLos AngelesUSA
| | - Jing Lin
- Pritzker School of Molecular EngineeringThe University of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Institute for Genomics and Systems BiologyThe University of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Shaley Albaugh
- Pritzker School of MedicineThe University of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Meredith Yang
- Pritzker School of MedicineThe University of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Esther Wang
- Pritzker School of MedicineThe University of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Thomas Cyberski
- Pritzker School of MedicineThe University of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Mustafa Fatih Abasiyanik
- Pritzker School of Molecular EngineeringThe University of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Institute for Genomics and Systems BiologyThe University of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | | | - Michael O'Connor
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical CareThe University of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Allan Klock
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical CareThe University of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Avery Tung
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical CareThe University of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Sajid Shahul
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical CareThe University of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Dinesh Kurian
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical CareThe University of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Savaş Tay
- Pritzker School of Molecular EngineeringThe University of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Institute for Genomics and Systems BiologyThe University of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Jayant M. Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery, Department of SurgeryThe University of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
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Pacyna RR, Han SD, Wroblewski KE, McClintock MK, Pinto JM. Rapid olfactory decline during aging predicts dementia and GMV loss in AD brain regions. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 19:1479-1490. [PMID: 35899859 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Longitudinal multivariable analyses are needed to determine if the rate of olfactory decline during normal cognition predicts subsequent Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnoses and brain dysmorphology. METHODS Older adults (n = 515) were assessed annually for odor identification, cognitive function and dementia clinical diagnosis (max follow-up 18 years). Regional gray matter volumes (GMV) were quantified (3T MRI) in a cross-sectional subsample (n = 121). Regression models were adjusted for APOE-ε4 genotype, dementia risk factors and demographics. RESULTS Faster olfactory decline during periods of normal cognition predicted higher incidence of subsequent MCI or dementia (OR 1.89, 95% CI: 1.26, 2.90, p < 0.01; comparable to carrying an APOE-ε4 allele) and smaller GMV in AD and olfactory regions (β = -0.11, 95% CI -0.21, -0.00). DISCUSSION Rapid olfactory decline during normal cognition, using repeated olfactory measurement, predicted subsequent cognitive impairment, dementia, and smaller GMVs, highlighting its potential as a simple biomarker for early AD detection. HIGHLIGHTS Rate of olfactory decline was calculated from olfactory testing over ≥3 time points. Rapid olfactory decline predicted impaired cognition and higher risk of dementia. Neurodegeneration on 3T magnetic resonance imaging was identical in those with olfactory decline and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R Pacyna
- Pritzker, School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - S Duke Han
- Departments of Family Medicine, Neurology, Psychology, and Gerontology, University of Southern California, Alhambra, California, USA
| | - Kristen E Wroblewski
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Jayant M Pinto
- Department of Surgery, and Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Chung J, Das A, Sun X, Sobreira DR, Leung YY, Igartua C, Mozaffari S, Chou YF, Thiagalingam S, Mez J, Zhang X, Jun GR, Stein TD, Kunkle BW, Martin ER, Pericak-Vance MA, Mayeux R, Haines JL, Schellenberg GD, Nobrega MA, Lunetta KL, Pinto JM, Wang LS, Ober C, Farrer LA. Genome-wide association and multi-omics studies identify MGMT as a novel risk gene for Alzheimer's disease among women. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 19:10.1002/alz.12719. [PMID: 35770850 PMCID: PMC9800643 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Variants in the tau gene (MAPT) region are associated with breast cancer in women and Alzheimer's disease (AD) among persons lacking apolipoprotein E ε4 (ε4-). METHODS To identify novel genes associated with tau-related pathology, we conducted two genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for AD, one among 10,340 ε4- women in the Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium (ADGC) and another in 31 members (22 women) of a consanguineous Hutterite kindred. RESULTS We identified novel associations of AD with MGMT variants in the ADGC (rs12775171, odds ratio [OR] = 1.4, P = 4.9 × 10-8 ) and Hutterite (rs12256016 and rs2803456, OR = 2.0, P = 1.9 × 10-14 ) datasets. Multi-omics analyses showed that the most significant and largest number of associations among the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), DNA-methylated CpGs, MGMT expression, and AD-related neuropathological traits were observed among women. Furthermore, promoter capture Hi-C analyses revealed long-range interactions of the MGMT promoter with MGMT SNPs and CpG sites. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that epigenetically regulated MGMT expression is involved in AD pathogenesis, especially in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoon Chung
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anjali Das
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xinyu Sun
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Débora R Sobreira
- Department of Surgery/Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yuk Yee Leung
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Catherine Igartua
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sahar Mozaffari
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yi-Fan Chou
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sam Thiagalingam
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jesse Mez
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gyungah R Jun
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thor D Stein
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian W Kunkle
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Eden R Martin
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences and Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marcelo A Nobrega
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Department of Surgery/Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Li-San Wang
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Cao Z, Yang A, D'Aloisio AA, Suarez L, Deming-Halverson S, Li C, Luo Z, Pinto JM, Werder EJ, Sandler DP, Chen H. Assessment of Self-reported Sense of Smell, Objective Testing, and Associated Factors in Middle-aged and Older Women. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 148:408-417. [PMID: 35266981 PMCID: PMC8914911 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2022.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Poor olfaction is common in older adults and signifies multiple adverse health outcomes, but it often goes unrecognized. Objective To characterize the self-awareness of poor olfaction in women, including its prevalence, associated factors, reporting reliability, validity against an objective test, and factors associated with validity. Design, Setting, and Participants These cross-sectional survey data and a case-control subsample were taken from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences' Sister Study. Of 41 118 participants (aged 41-85 years) who reported olfaction in 2014 through 2016, 3406 (aged 50-79 years) reported olfaction again in 2018 through 2019 and completed the 12-item Brief Smell Identification Test, version A, including 2353 women who self-reported poor olfaction in 2014 through 2016 and 1053 women who reported normal olfaction. Data analyses were performed between May 28, 2021, and December 23, 2021. Main Outcomes and Measures Self-reported (yes/no) and objectively tested poor olfaction defined as a Brief Smell Identification Test score of 9 or lower. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to assess factors that might be associated with the prevalence and reporting accuracy of self-reported olfaction. In subsample analyses, the sampling strategy was accounted for to extrapolate data to eligible cohort samples. Results Of the 41 118 women (mean [SD] age, 64.3 [8.7] years) included in the analysis, 3322 (8.1%) self-reported poor olfaction. Higher prevalence was associated with older age, not being married, current smoking status, frequent coffee drinking, overweight or obesity, less than optimal health, Parkinson disease, cognitive impairment, depression, anxiety, and seasonal allergy, whereas a lower prevalence was associated with non-Hispanic Black race and physical activity. In the subsample analyses, olfaction status reported 3 years apart showed a modest agreement (κ, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.51-0.61). The prevalence of objectively tested poor olfaction was 13.3% (95% CI, 11.5%-15.0%), and in contrast with self-reports, it was twice as high in non-Hispanic Black women as in non-Hispanic White women (24.5% vs 12.5%). Compared with objective tests, self-reports showed a low sensitivity (22.6%; 95% CI, 19.6%-25.6%), especially in non-Hispanic Black women (12.4%; 95% CI, 7.0%-17.8%). The specificity was uniformly high (>90%). Among participants who reported poor olfaction, higher odds of true vs false positives were associated with age older than 60 years (60-64 years old, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.51-1.87; 65-69 years old, 2.26; 95% CI, 2.03-2.51; 70-74 years old, 3.34; 95% CI, 3.00-3.73; ≥75 years old, 5.17; 95% CI, 4.43-6.03), non-Hispanic Black race (2.00; 95% CI, 1.70-2.36), no college education (1.34; 95% CI, 1.22-1.48), underweight (1.40; 95% CI, 1.04-1.88), fair or poor health (1.37; 95% CI, 1.22-1.54), and Parkinson disease (7.60; 95% CI, 5.60-10.32). Among those with objectively tested poor olfaction, lower odds of true positives vs false negatives were associated with Black race (0.46; 95% CI, 0.25-0.86). Conclusions and Relevance In this case-control study, the self-awareness and reporting accuracy of poor olfaction in middle-aged and older women were low, particularly in non-Hispanic Black women. Given its potential health implications, awareness of this common sensory deficit should be raised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichun Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing
| | - Aiwen Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing
| | - Aimee A D'Aloisio
- Social & Scientific Systems, DLH Holdings Corporation, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Lourdes Suarez
- Social & Scientific Systems, DLH Holdings Corporation, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Chenxi Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing
| | - Zhehui Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Emily J Werder
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Honglei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing
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Patel ZM, Holbrook EH, Turner JH, Adappa ND, Albers MW, Altundag A, Appenzeller S, Costanzo RM, Croy I, Davis GE, Dehgani-Mobaraki P, Doty RL, Duffy VB, Goldstein BJ, Gudis DA, Haehner A, Higgins TS, Hopkins C, Huart C, Hummel T, Jitaroon K, Kern RC, Khanwalkar AR, Kobayashi M, Kondo K, Lane AP, Lechner M, Leopold DA, Levy JM, Marmura MJ, Mclelland L, Miwa T, Moberg PJ, Mueller CA, Nigwekar SU, O'Brien EK, Paunescu TG, Pellegrino R, Philpott C, Pinto JM, Reiter ER, Roalf DR, Rowan NR, Schlosser RJ, Schwob J, Seiden AM, Smith TL, Soler ZM, Sowerby L, Tan BK, Thamboo A, Wrobel B, Yan CH. International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Olfaction. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2022; 12:327-680. [PMID: 35373533 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The literature regarding clinical olfaction, olfactory loss, and olfactory dysfunction has expanded rapidly over the past two decades, with an exponential rise in the past year. There is substantial variability in the quality of this literature and a need to consolidate and critically review the evidence. It is with that aim that we have gathered experts from around the world to produce this International Consensus on Allergy and Rhinology: Olfaction (ICAR:O). METHODS Using previously described methodology, specific topics were developed relating to olfaction. Each topic was assigned a literature review, evidence-based review, or evidence-based review with recommendations format as dictated by available evidence and scope within the ICAR:O document. Following iterative reviews of each topic, the ICAR:O document was integrated and reviewed by all authors for final consensus. RESULTS The ICAR:O document reviews nearly 100 separate topics within the realm of olfaction, including diagnosis, epidemiology, disease burden, diagnosis, testing, etiology, treatment, and associated pathologies. CONCLUSION This critical review of the existing clinical olfaction literature provides much needed insight and clarity into the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with olfactory dysfunction, while also clearly delineating gaps in our knowledge and evidence base that we should investigate further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zara M Patel
- Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Eric H Holbrook
- Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Justin H Turner
- Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nithin D Adappa
- Otolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark W Albers
- Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aytug Altundag
- Otolaryngology, Biruni University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Simone Appenzeller
- Rheumatology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Richard M Costanzo
- Physiology and Biophysics and Otolaryngology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ilona Croy
- Psychology and Psychosomatic Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Greg E Davis
- Otolaryngology, Proliance Surgeons, Seattle and Puyallup, Washington, USA
| | - Puya Dehgani-Mobaraki
- Associazione Naso Sano, Umbria Regional Registry of Volunteer Activities, Corciano, Italy
| | - Richard L Doty
- Smell and Taste Center, Otolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Valerie B Duffy
- Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - David A Gudis
- Otolaryngology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Antje Haehner
- Smell and Taste, Otolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas S Higgins
- Otolaryngology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Claire Hopkins
- Otolaryngology, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals, London Bridge Hospital, London, UK
| | - Caroline Huart
- Otorhinolaryngology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholgique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste, Otolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Robert C Kern
- Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ashoke R Khanwalkar
- Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Masayoshi Kobayashi
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Kenji Kondo
- Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andrew P Lane
- Otolaryngology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matt Lechner
- Otolaryngology, Barts Health and University College London, London, UK
| | - Donald A Leopold
- Otolaryngology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Joshua M Levy
- Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael J Marmura
- Neurology Thomas Jefferson University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisha Mclelland
- Otolaryngology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Takaki Miwa
- Otolaryngology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Paul J Moberg
- Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Sagar U Nigwekar
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erin K O'Brien
- Otolaryngology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Teodor G Paunescu
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Carl Philpott
- Otolaryngology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Otolaryngology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Evan R Reiter
- Otolaryngology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - David R Roalf
- Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas R Rowan
- Otolaryngology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rodney J Schlosser
- Otolaryngology, Medical University of South Carolina, Mt Pleasant, South Carolina, USA
| | - James Schwob
- Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allen M Seiden
- Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Timothy L Smith
- Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Zachary M Soler
- Otolaryngology, Medical University of South Carolina, Mt Pleasant, South Carolina, USA
| | - Leigh Sowerby
- Otolaryngology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce K Tan
- Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew Thamboo
- Otolaryngology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bozena Wrobel
- Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carol H Yan
- Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
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Witt LJ, Wroblewski KE, Pinto JM, Wang E, McClintock MK, Dale W, White SR, Press VG, Huisingh-Scheetz M. Beyond the Lung: Geriatric Conditions Afflict Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Self-Reported Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:814606. [PMID: 35237627 PMCID: PMC8884078 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.814606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) predominantly affects older adults. However, the co-morbid occurrence of geriatric conditions has been understudied. Objective Characterize the prevalence of geriatric conditions among community-dwelling U.S. older adults with self-reported COPD. Methods We conducted a nationally representative, cross-sectional study of 3,005 U.S. community-dwelling older adults (ages 57–85 years) from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP). We evaluated the prevalence of select geriatric conditions (multimorbidity, functional disability, impaired physical function, low physical activity, modified frailty assessment, falls, polypharmacy, and urinary incontinence) and psychosocial measures (frequency of socializing, sexual activity in the last year, loneliness, cognitive impairment, and depressive symptoms) among individuals with self-reported COPD as compared to those without. Using multivariate logistic and linear regressions, we investigated the relationships between COPD and these geriatric physical and psychosocial conditions. Main Results Self-reported COPD prevalence was 10.7%, similar to previous epidemiological studies. Individuals with COPD had more multimorbidity [modified Charlson score 2.6 (SD 1.9) vs. 1.6 (SD 1.6)], more functional disability (58.1 vs. 29.6%; adjusted OR 3.1, 95% CI 2.3, 4.3), falls in the last year (28.4 vs. 20.8%; adjusted OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.01, 2.0), impaired physical function (75.8 vs. 56.6%; adjusted OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1, 3.7), more frequently reported extreme low physical activity (18.7 vs. 8.1%; adjusted OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.5, 3.5) and higher frailty prevalence (16.0 vs. 2.7%; adjusted OR 6.3, 95% CI 3.0,13.0) than those without COPD. They experienced more severe polypharmacy (≥10 medications, 37.5 vs. 16.1%; adjusted OR 2.9, 95% CI 2.0, 4.2). They more frequently reported extreme social disengagement and were lonelier, but the association with social measures was eliminated when relationship status was accounted for, as those with COPD were less frequently partnered. They more frequently endorsed depressive symptoms (32.0 vs. 18.9%, adjusted OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4, 2.7). There was no noted difference in cognitive impairment between the two populations. Conclusions Geriatric conditions are common among community-dwelling older adults with self-reported COPD. A “beyond the lung” approach to COPD care should center on active management of geriatric conditions, potentially leading to improved COPD management, and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah J Witt
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kristen E Wroblewski
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Esther Wang
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Martha K McClintock
- Department of Comparative Human Development, The Institute for Mind and Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - William Dale
- Department of Supportive Care Medicine, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Steven R White
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Valerie G Press
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Adams DR, Ramirez‐Garcia R, Ginat DT, Agrawal N, Seible D, Cipriani NA, Horowitz P, Pinto JM, Chiu BL. Multimodality management of sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma in a 76‐year‐old Alaska Native female during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e05635. [PMID: 35356171 PMCID: PMC8956855 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma is a rare, highly aggressive tumor of the anterior skull base composed of malignant epithelial, mesenchymal, and neural tissue. Examination of cases in patients in minority populations is important in order to better understand the behavior of this neoplasm and outcomes of treatment in our nation's diverse population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara R. Adams
- Section of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Department of Surgery The University of Chicago Medicine Chicago Illinois USA
| | | | - Daniel T. Ginat
- Department of Radiology The University of Chicago Medicine Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Nishant Agrawal
- Section of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Department of Surgery The University of Chicago Medicine Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Dan Seible
- Anchorage Radiation Therapy Center Anchorage Alaska USA
| | - Nicole A. Cipriani
- Department of Pathology The University of Chicago Medicine Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Peleg Horowitz
- Section of Neurosurgery Department of Surgery The University of Chicago Medicine Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Jayant M. Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Department of Surgery The University of Chicago Medicine Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Brandon L. Chiu
- Department of Otolaryngology Alaska Native Medical Center Anchorage Alaska USA
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Wang K, Luo Z, Li C, Pinto JM, Shiroma EJ, Simonsick EM, Chen H. Olfaction and kidney function in community-dwelling older adults. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264448. [PMID: 35213666 PMCID: PMC8880852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
In older adults, kidney function declines with age. People with advanced kidney diseases may have poor olfaction. However, it is unclear whether poor olfaction is a marker for declining renal function or future risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We therefore investigated olfaction in relation to kidney function and risk of CKD.
Methods
These secondary data analyses were limited to participants of the year 3 clinical visit of the Health Aging and Body Composition Study. The analytic sample size varied between 1427 to 2531, depending on participant eligibility and data availability for each analysis. Olfaction was tested using the Brief Smell Identification Test (B-SIT), defined as anosmia (score≤6), hyposmia (7–8), moderate (9–10), and good function (10–11) at baseline. We estimated glomerular filter rate (eGFR) at baseline and seven years later using the CKD-EPI creatinine-cystatin C equation, and defined incident CKD as eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73m2 and eGFR decline ≥1 ml/min/1.73m2/year. Further, we identified CKD hospitalization events from hospitalization and death records. We used inverse probability weighting and weighted multivariable regressions to account for censoring in the prospective analyses and used absolute risk regression to account for competing risk of death.
Results
At baseline, compared to participants with good olfaction, the multivariable-adjusted mean eGFR was 3.00 ml/min/1.73m2 lower (95% confidence interval (CI): -5.25, -0.75) for those with anosmia and 1.87 lower (95% CI: -3.94, 0.21) for those with hyposmia with a P for linear trend < 0.001. Those with anosmia at baseline was had a significantly lower eGFR seven years later (-5.31, 95% CI: -8.58, -2.04, P for trend = 0.002), but the association was attenuated after further accounting for baseline eGFR (-2.37, 95%CI: -4.91, 0.16, P for linear trend = 0.147). Olfactory function was not associated with incident CKD or CKD hospitalization.
Conclusion
In older adults > age 70 years, poor olfaction is associated with lower kidney function, but not future CKD risk. These associations should be further investigated in relatively younger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keran Wang
- The Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Zhehui Luo
- The Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Chenxi Li
- The Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jayant M. Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Eric J. Shiroma
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Eleanor M. Simonsick
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Honglei Chen
- The Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Clark JH, Pinto JM, Naclerio RM. A modest proposal for a new way forward for clinical research: involve insurance companies. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2022; 12:685-689. [PMID: 35061938 PMCID: PMC9305258 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Is it time for medical insurance companies to organize and fund clinical research that evaluates the role of new treatments (drugs or device‐based therapies) in the context of existing clinical paradigms for common diseases?
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Affiliation(s)
- James H. Clark
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Jayant M. Pinto
- Department of Surgery Section of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery The University of Chicago Chicago IL USA
| | - Robert M. Naclerio
- Department of Surgery Section of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery The University of Chicago Chicago IL USA
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Albaugh SL, Wu LL, Zhang D, Diaz A, Werner DA, Pinto JM, Cameron EL. Olfaction in pregnancy: systematic review and meta-analysis. Chem Senses 2022; 47:bjac035. [PMID: 36469055 PMCID: PMC9780746 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Little attention has been paid to olfactory changes during pregnancy with contemporary studies limited in number and sample size. We examined whether pregnancy is associated with differences in olfactory performance and if there were any specific gestational ages at which these differences occur through a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the current literature. An initial electronic database search identified 234 citations, which were screened at the abstract level. Twenty-three citations were germane for full-text review, and 13 met criteria for inclusion. Our review assessed 5 olfactory measures of interest: odor identification (n = 11 articles), threshold (n = 8), discrimination (n = 5), hedonics (n = 6), and intensity (n = 5). Nine of these 13 studies contained sufficient data for meta-analysis, and these studies included a total of 523 pregnant women and 365 non-pregnant controls. Despite previous subjective and objective reports of odor intolerances and odor hypersensitivity, we did not find any significant differences between pregnant and non-pregnant women in odor discrimination, thresholds, or hedonics. However, meta-analysis of 506 cases and 333 controls showed worse odor identification in pregnant women compared to controls in a random-effects model. Thus, we demonstrate worse performance at odor identification during pregnancy. In this review, we discuss the current evidence (and lack thereof) regarding olfaction in pregnancy as well as highlight current knowledge gaps in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaley L Albaugh
- Pritzker School of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637, USA
| | - Lisa L Wu
- Pritzker School of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637, USA
| | - Douglas Zhang
- Pritzker School of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637, USA
| | - Ashley Diaz
- Pritzker School of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637, USA
| | - Debra A Werner
- Pritzker School of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637, USA
- The John Crerar Library, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - E Leslie Cameron
- Department of Psychological Science, Carthage College, Kenosha, WI 53140-1994, USA
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Soliai MM, Kato A, Helling BA, Stanhope CT, Norton JE, Naughton KA, Klinger AI, Thompson EE, Clay SM, Kim S, Celedón JC, Gern JE, Jackson DJ, Altman MC, Kern RC, Tan BK, Schleimer RP, Nicolae DL, Pinto JM, Ober C. Multi-omics colocalization with genome-wide association studies reveals a context-specific genetic mechanism at a childhood onset asthma risk locus. Genome Med 2021; 13:157. [PMID: 34629083 PMCID: PMC8504130 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00967-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified thousands of variants associated with asthma and other complex diseases. However, the functional effects of most of these variants are unknown. Moreover, GWASs do not provide context-specific information on cell types or environmental factors that affect specific disease risks and outcomes. To address these limitations, we used an upper airway epithelial cell (AEC) culture model to assess transcriptional and epigenetic responses to rhinovirus (RV), an asthma-promoting pathogen, and provide context-specific functional annotations to variants discovered in GWASs of asthma. METHODS Genome-wide genetic, gene expression, and DNA methylation data in vehicle- and RV-treated upper AECs were collected from 104 individuals who had a diagnosis of airway disease (n=66) or were healthy participants (n=38). We mapped cis expression and methylation quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTLs and cis-meQTLs, respectively) in each treatment condition (RV and vehicle) in AECs from these individuals. A Bayesian test for colocalization between AEC molecular QTLs and adult onset asthma and childhood onset asthma GWAS SNPs, and a multi-ethnic GWAS of asthma, was used to assign the function to variants associated with asthma. We used Mendelian randomization to demonstrate DNA methylation effects on gene expression at asthma colocalized loci. RESULTS Asthma and allergic disease-associated GWAS SNPs were specifically enriched among molecular QTLs in AECs, but not in GWASs from non-immune diseases, and in AEC eQTLs, but not among eQTLs from other tissues. Colocalization analyses of AEC QTLs with asthma GWAS variants revealed potential molecular mechanisms of asthma, including QTLs at the TSLP locus that were common to both the RV and vehicle treatments and to both childhood onset and adult onset asthma, as well as QTLs at the 17q12-21 asthma locus that were specific to RV exposure and childhood onset asthma, consistent with clinical and epidemiological studies of these loci. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of functional effects for asthma risk variants in AECs and insight into RV-mediated transcriptional and epigenetic response mechanisms that modulate genetic effects in the airway and risk for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus M Soliai
- Departments of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Committee on Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Departments of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Britney A Helling
- Departments of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - James E Norton
- Departments of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Aiko I Klinger
- Departments of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emma E Thompson
- Departments of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Selene M Clay
- Departments of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Juan C Celedón
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James E Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Daniel J Jackson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Matthew C Altman
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Systems Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert C Kern
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bruce K Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- Departments of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dan L Nicolae
- Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carole Ober
- Departments of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Committee on Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Du M, Papazian E, Adams D, Caballero N, Portugal L, Das P, Horowitz P, Yamini B, Pinto JM, Roxbury CR. Patient satisfaction with telemedicine is noninferior to in-office visits: Lessons from a tertiary rhinology and endoscopic skull base surgery practice. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2021; 12:802-804. [PMID: 34596970 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Du
- Pritzker School of Medicine, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Emily Papazian
- Pritzker School of Medicine, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dara Adams
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nadieska Caballero
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Louis Portugal
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Paramita Das
- Department of Neurosurgery, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Peleg Horowitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bakhtiar Yamini
- Department of Neurosurgery, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Christopher R Roxbury
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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37
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Siegel JK, Yuan X, Wroblewski KE, McClintock MK, Pinto JM. Sleep-Disordered Breathing Is Associated With Impaired Odor Identification in Older U.S. Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:528-533. [PMID: 33313784 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a common, underdiagnosed condition in older adults with major health consequences, including disrupted central nervous system functioning. Whether SDB may affect sensory function is unclear. We sought to address this question by comparing 2 forms of olfactory testing which measure peripheral and central olfactory processing. METHODS We assessed SDB (survey-reported snoring frequency, nighttime apneic events, or diagnosis of sleep apnea) in the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, a nationally representative sample of older U.S. adults. Odor sensitivity (peripheral) and odor identification (central) were assessed with validated instruments. Logistic regression was used to test the relationship between SDB and olfaction, accounting for relevant covariates, including demographics, cognition, and comorbidity. RESULTS Twenty-nine percent of older U.S. adults reported symptoms of SDB (apneic events or nightly snoring). Of these, only 32% had been diagnosed with sleep apnea. Older adults with SDB (those who reported symptoms or have been diagnosed with sleep apnea) were significantly more likely to have impaired odor identification (odds ratio 2.13, 95% confidence interval 1.19-3.83, p = .012) in analyses that accounted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, cognition, comorbidities (including depression), and body mass index. Presence of SDB was not associated with impaired odor sensitivity (odds ratio 1.03, 95% confidence interval 0.75-1.43, p = .84). CONCLUSION SDB is highly prevalent but underdiagnosed in older U.S. adults and is associated with impaired odor identification but not odor sensitivity. These data support the concept that SDB affects pathways in the central nervous system which involve chemosensory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse K Siegel
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xiandao Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | | | - Martha K McClintock
- Department of Psychology and The Institute for Mind and Biology, The University of Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine, Illinois
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38
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Zhang Z, Kamil RJ, London NR, Lee SE, Sidhaye VK, Biswal S, Lane AP, Pinto JM, Ramanathan M. Long-Term Exposure to Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Non-Allergic Patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 204:859-862. [PMID: 34181862 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202102-0368le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhang
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 25802, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Rebecca J Kamil
- Johns Hopkins Medicine, 1501, Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Nyall R London
- Johns Hopkins Medicine, 1501, Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Stella E Lee
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 6595, Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Venkataramana K Sidhaye
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Campus, 1501, Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Shyam Biswal
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 25802, Environmental Health Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Andrew P Lane
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1500, Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, 12246, Department of Surgery, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Murugappan Ramanathan
- Johns Hopkins Medicine, 1501, Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Baltimore, Maryland, United States;
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Xu L, Liu J, Wroblewski KE, McClintock MK, Pinto JM. Odor Sensitivity Versus Odor Identification in Older US Adults: Associations With Cognition, Age, Gender, and Race. Chem Senses 2021; 45:321-330. [PMID: 32406505 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to identify odors predicts morbidity, mortality, and quality of life. It varies by age, gender, and race and is used in the vast majority of survey and clinical literature. However, odor identification relies heavily on cognition. Other facets of olfaction, such as odor sensitivity, have a smaller cognitive component. Whether odor sensitivity also varies by these factors has not been definitively answered. We analyzed data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, a nationally representative study of older US adults (n = 2081). Odor identification was measured using 5 validated odors presented with Sniffin' Stick pens as was odor sensitivity in a 6-dilution n-butanol constant stimuli detection test. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression modeled relationships between olfaction and age, gender, race, cognition, education, socioeconomic status, social network characteristics, and physical and mental health. Odor sensitivity was worse in older adults (P < 0.01), without gender (P = 0.56) or race (P = 0.79) differences. Odor identification was also worse in older adults, particularly men (both P ≤ 0.01), without differences by race. Decreased cognitive function was associated with worse odor identification (P ≤ 0.01) but this relationship was weaker for odor sensitivity (P = 0.02) in analyses that adjusted for other covariates. Odor sensitivity was less strongly correlated with cognitive ability than odor identification, confirming that it may be a more specific measure of peripheral olfactory processing. Investigators interested in associations between olfaction and health should consider both odor sensitivity and identification when attempting to understand underlying neurosensory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Xu
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Jia Liu
- Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, An Zhen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Martha K McClintock
- Department of Comparative Human Development, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA.,Center on Demography and Aging, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA.,Institute for Mind and Biology, The University of Chicago, Institute for Mind and Biology, Chicago, USA
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA.,Institute for Population and Precision Health, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE Anosmia, the loss of the sense of smell, has profound implications for patient safety, well-being, and quality of life, and it is a predictor of patient frailty and mortality. Exposure to air pollution may be an olfactory insult that contributes to the development of anosmia. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter of no more than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) with anosmia. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This case-control study examined individuals who presented from January 1, 2013, through December 31, 2016, at an academic medical center in Baltimore, Maryland. Case participants were diagnosed with anosmia by board-certified otolaryngologists. Control participants were selected using the nearest neighbor matching strategy for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and date of diagnosis. Data analysis was conducted from September 2020 to March 2021. EXPOSURES Ambient PM2.5 levels. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Novel method to quantify ambient PM2.5 exposure levels in patients diagnosed with anosmia compared with matched control participants. RESULTS A total of 2690 patients were identified with a mean (SD) age of 55.3 (16.6) years. The case group included 538 patients with anosmia (20%), and the control group included 2152 matched control participants (80%). Most of the individuals in the case and control groups were women, White patients, had overweight (BMI 25 to <30), and did not smoke (women: 339 [63.0%] and 1355 [63.0%]; White patients: 318 [59.1%] and 1343 [62.4%]; had overweight: 179 [33.3%] and 653 [30.3%]; and did not smoke: 328 [61.0%] and 1248 [58.0%]). Mean (SD) exposure to PM2.5 was significantly higher in patients with anosmia compared with healthy control participants at 12-, 24-, 36-, 60-month time points: 10.2 (1.6) μg/m3 vs 9.9 (1.9) μg/m3; 10.5 (1.7) μg/m3 vs 10.2 (1.9) μg/m3; 10.8 (1.8) μg/m3 vs 10.4 (2.0) μg/m3; and 11.0 (1.8) μg/m3 vs 10.7 (2.1) μg/m3, respectively. There was an association between elevated PM2.5 exposure level and odds of anosmia in multivariate analyses that adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, alcohol or tobacco use, and medical comorbidities (12 mo: odds ratio [OR], 1.73; 95% CI, 1.28-2.33; 24 mo: OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.30-2.29; 36 mo: OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.30-2.19; and 60 mo: OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.22-2.08). The association between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and the odds of developing anosmia was nonlinear, as indicated by spline analysis. For example, for 12 months of exposure to PM2.5, the odds of developing anosmia at 6.0 µg/m3 was OR 0.79 (95% CI, 0.64-0.97); at 10.0 µg/m3, OR 1.42 (95% CI, 1.10-1.82); at 15.0 µg/m3, OR 2.03 (95% CI, 1.15-3.58). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, long-term airborne exposure to PM2.5 was associated with anosmia. Ambient PM2.5 represents a potentially ubiquitous and modifiable risk factor for the loss of sense of smell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Global Health, The Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Nicholas R. Rowan
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jayant M. Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nyall R. London
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew P. Lane
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shyam Biswal
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Murugappan Ramanathan
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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41
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Yuan Y, Luo Z, Li C, Pinto JM, Shiroma EJ, Simonsick EM, Chen H. Poor olfaction and pneumonia hospitalisation among community-dwelling older adults: a cohort study. The Lancet Healthy Longevity 2021; 2:e275-e282. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(21)00083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Soliai M, Sundaresan AS, Morin A, Hirsch AG, Stanhope C, Kuiper J, Schwartz BS, Ober C, Pinto JM. Two-stage genome-wide association study of chronic rhinosinusitis and disease subphenotypes highlights mucosal immunity contributing to risk. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2021; 11:814-817. [PMID: 33393196 PMCID: PMC8048969 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Soliai
- Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL
| | | | | | | | | | - Jordan Kuiper
- Department of Environmental Health and EngineeringJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD
| | - Brian S. Schwartz
- Department of Population Health SciencesGeisingerDanvillePA
- Department of Environmental Health and EngineeringJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD
| | - Carole Ober
- Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL
| | - Jayant M. Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology‒Head and Neck SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL
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Huart C, Philpott CM, Altundag A, Fjaeldstad AW, Frasnelli J, Gane S, Hsieh JW, Holbrook EH, Konstantinidis I, Landis BN, Macchi A, Mueller CA, Negoias S, Pinto JM, Poletti SC, Ramakrishnan VR, Rombaux P, Vodicka J, Welge-Lüessen A, Whitcroft KL, Hummel T. Systemic corticosteroids in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related smell dysfunction: an international view. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2021; 11:1041-1046. [PMID: 33728824 PMCID: PMC8251281 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The frequent association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and olfactory dysfunction is creating an unprecedented demand for a treatment of the olfactory loss. Systemic corticosteroids have been considered as a therapeutic option. However, based on current literature, we call for caution using these treatments in early COVID‐19–related olfactory dysfunction because: (1) evidence supporting their usefulness is weak; (2) the rate of spontaneous recovery of COVID‐19–related olfactory dysfunction is high; and (3) corticosteroids have well‐known potential adverse effects. We encourage randomized placebo‐controlled trials investigating the efficacy of systemic steroids in this indication and strongly emphasize to initially consider smell training, which is supported by a robust evidence base and has no known side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Huart
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.,Institute of Neuroscience, Univeristé catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carl M Philpott
- The Norfolk Smell and Taste Clinic, Norfolk and Waveney ENT Service, Gorleston, UK.,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Aytug Altundag
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alexander W Fjaeldstad
- Flavour Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Regional Hospital West Jutland, Holstebro, Denmark.,Flavour Institute, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Johannes Frasnelli
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon Gane
- Department of Rhinology, Royal National ENT Hospital, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Julien W Hsieh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Olfactory Unit, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric H Holbrook
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Iordanis Konstantinidis
- 2nd Academic ORL Department, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Basile N Landis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Olfactory Unit, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Macchi
- ENT clinic Asst-Settelaghi-University of Insubriae, Varese, Italy
| | - Christian A Mueller
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simona Negoias
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Basel, CH-4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sophia C Poletti
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vijay R Ramakrishnan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Philippe Rombaux
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.,Institute of Neuroscience, Univeristé catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan Vodicka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Antje Welge-Lüessen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Basel, CH-4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katherine L Whitcroft
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London, UK.,The Centre for Olfactory Research and Applications, Institute of Philosophy, School of Advanced Study, London, UK
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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44
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Purdy F, Luo Z, Gardiner JC, Pinto JM, Shiroma EJ, Simonsick EM, Harris TB, Chen H. Olfaction and Changes in Body Composition in a Large Cohort of Older U.S. Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 75:2434-2440. [PMID: 32267924 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor sense of smell in older adults may lead to weight loss, which may further contribute to various adverse health outcomes. However, empirical prospective evidence is lacking. We aimed to longitudinally assess whether poor olfaction is associated with changes in body composition among older adults. METHODS A total of 2,390 participants from the Health ABC Study had their olfaction assessed using the Brief Smell Identification Test in 1999-2000. Based on the test score, olfaction was defined as poor (0-8), moderate (9-10), or good (11-12). Total body mass, lean mass, and fat mass were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry annually or biennially from 1999 to 2007. RESULTS At baseline, compared to participants with good olfaction, those with poor olfaction weighed on average 1.67 kg less (95% CI: -2.92, -0.42) in total mass, 0.53 kg less (95% CI: -1.08, 0.02) in lean mass, and 1.14 kg less (95% CI: -1.96, -0.31) in fat mass. In longitudinal analyses, compared to participants with good olfaction, those with poor olfaction had a greater annual decline in both total mass (-234 g, 95% CI: -442, -26) and lean mass (-139 g, 95% CI: -236, -43). They also tended to have a greater annual loss of fat mass (-113 g, 95% CI: -285, 59), but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate poor olfaction is associated with lower body weight and greater weight loss in older adults. It is imperative for future studies to investigate potential underlying mechanisms and associated adverse health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Purdy
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - Zhehui Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - Joseph C Gardiner
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Illinois
| | - Eric J Shiroma
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Eleanor M Simonsick
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Honglei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing
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Abstract
Age-related olfactory dysfunction, or presbyosmia, is a common sensory impairment in aging adults. People in this demographic group with comorbid conditions or exposure to viral, traumatic, or environmental insults remain at the greatest risk for impairment. Several methods for assessing olfaction exist, but they are only available in special settings and require consideration of age, sex, ancestry, and cognition. Perhaps most importantly, olfactory dysfunction has been suggested as an early sign of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease and therefore may serve as a tool in the diagnosis and prognosis of these neurodegenerative conditions. Outside of this context, olfactory loss also impacts nutrition, safety, and social relationships, and even predicts mortality itself. This review covers the detection and manifestations of olfactory decline in aging individuals and the myriad ways in which olfactory impairment is connected to their health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Papazian
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayant M Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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47
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Eliyan Y, Wroblewski KE, McClintock MK, Pinto JM. Olfactory Dysfunction Predicts the Development of Depression in Older US Adults. Chem Senses 2020; 46:5983672. [PMID: 33197253 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroanatomic connections link the olfactory and limbic systems potentially explaining an association between olfactory dysfunction and depression. Some previous studies have demonstrated that olfactory dysfunction is associated with increased depressive symptoms. However, these studies were cross-sectional and unable to establish which develops first. We used longitudinal data to determine if impaired odor identification increased subsequent depressive symptoms or vice versa. We assessed olfaction and depression in the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, a nationally representative, 15-year longitudinal study of older US adults. Olfaction was measured using a validated odor identification test (Sniffin' Sticks). Depressive symptoms were measured using a modified version of the validated Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Multivariable logistic regression models examined the temporal relationships between developing olfactory dysfunction and depression while accounting for demographics, disease comorbidities, alcohol use, smoking, and cognition. Older adults with olfactory dysfunction had concurrent frequent depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00-1.43). Among healthy adults at baseline, those who had olfactory dysfunction were more likely to develop frequent depressive symptoms 5 or 10 years later (OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.13-4.37). Conversely, those with frequent depressive symptoms at baseline were not more likely to develop olfactory dysfunction 5 or 10 years later. We show for the first time that olfactory dysfunction predicts subsequent development of depression in older US adults. These data support screening for depression in older adults with chemosensory impairment and set the stage for disentangling the relationship between olfaction and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazan Eliyan
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kristen E Wroblewski
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Martha K McClintock
- Department of Comparative Human Development, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Psychology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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48
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Cao Z, Luo Z, Huang X, Pinto JM, Simonsick EM, Shiroma EJ, Chen H. Self-Reported Versus Objectively Assessed Olfaction and Parkinson’s Disease Risk. JPD 2020; 10:1789-1795. [DOI: 10.3233/jpd-202164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Poor olfaction is a prodromal symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD); however, self-reported sense of smell is often dismissed as unreliable. Objective: To assess self-reported and objectively assessed sense of smell, independently and jointly, in relation to future risk for PD. Methods: We conducted a prospective analysis using data from 2,424 participants, ages 71–82 at baseline, from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study. Exposures were self-reported poor sense of smell or taste and the objectively measured 12-item Brief Smell Identification Test score. The outcome was incident PD, analyzed using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for age, sex, race, and cognitive function. Results: After approximately 10 years of follow-up, both self-reported and objectively tested poor sense of smell were independently associated with a higher risk of developing PD: the hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) were 2.8 (1.3, 5.9) and 4.0 (2.1, 7.5), respectively. When analyzed jointly, compared with participants who reported and tested normal, the hazard ratio was 2.2 (1.0, 4.6) for those reported poor sense of smell but tested normal, 3.6 (1.9, 6.9) for reported normal but tested poor, and 7.8 (3.2, 19.4) for both reported and tested poor. We did not find significant interactions between self-reported and objectively tested sense of smell in predicting PD risk. Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence that self-reported poor sense of smell or taste should not be simply dismissed as useless in predicting risk of PD. Future studies should confirm our finding and evaluate whether structured questionnaires may further improve the predictability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichun Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Zhehui Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jayant M. Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eleanor M. Simonsick
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric J. Shiroma
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Honglei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Mainland JD, Barlow LA, Munger SD, Millar SE, Vergara MN, Jiang P, Schwob JE, Goldstein BJ, Boye SE, Martens JR, Leopold DA, Bartoshuk LM, Doty RL, Hummel T, Pinto JM, Trimmer C, Kelly C, Pribitkin EA, Reed DR. Identifying Treatments for Taste and Smell Disorders: Gaps and Opportunities. Chem Senses 2020; 45:493-502. [PMID: 32556127 PMCID: PMC7545248 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical senses of taste and smell play a vital role in conveying information about ourselves and our environment. Tastes and smells can warn against danger and also contribute to the daily enjoyment of food, friends and family, and our surroundings. Over 12% of the US population is estimated to experience taste and smell (chemosensory) dysfunction. Yet, despite this high prevalence, long-term, effective treatments for these disorders have been largely elusive. Clinical successes in other sensory systems, including hearing and vision, have led to new hope for developments in the treatment of chemosensory disorders. To accelerate cures, we convened the "Identifying Treatments for Taste and Smell Disorders" conference, bringing together basic and translational sensory scientists, health care professionals, and patients to identify gaps in our current understanding of chemosensory dysfunction and next steps in a broad-based research strategy. Their suggestions for high-yield next steps were focused in 3 areas: increasing awareness and research capacity (e.g., patient advocacy), developing and enhancing clinical measures of taste and smell, and supporting new avenues of research into cellular and therapeutic approaches (e.g., developing human chemosensory cell lines, stem cells, and gene therapy approaches). These long-term strategies led to specific suggestions for immediate research priorities that focus on expanding our understanding of specific responses of chemosensory cells and developing valuable assays to identify and document cell development, regeneration, and function. Addressing these high-priority areas should accelerate the development of novel and effective treatments for taste and smell disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda A Barlow
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Steven D Munger
- Center for Smell and Taste, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 1200 Newell Drive, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sarah E Millar
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Natalia Vergara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Peihua Jiang
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James E Schwob
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bradley J Goldstein
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, 40 Duke Medicine Cir Clinic 1F, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shannon E Boye
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Martens
- Center for Smell and Taste, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 1200 Newell Drive, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Donald A Leopold
- Division of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Linda M Bartoshuk
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Richard L Doty
- Smell and Taste Center and Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce Street, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell and Taste Clinic, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, MC, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Edmund A Pribitkin
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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50
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Tian J, Pinto JM, Li L, Zhang S, Sun Z, Wei Y. Identification of Viruses in Patients With Postviral Olfactory Dysfunction by Multiplex Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction. Laryngoscope 2020; 131:158-164. [PMID: 32786080 PMCID: PMC7436707 DOI: 10.1002/lary.28997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives/Hypothesis To investigate causative viruses in patients with postviral olfactory disorders (PVOD). Study Design Case‐control study. Methods One hundred fifty‐one consecutive patients diagnosed with PVOD were enrolled, and samples from 38 patients who visited the doctor within 3 months of symptom onset were collected and analyzed. Thirty‐two individuals who underwent surgery for nasal septal deviation during the same time period were collected as the control group. The Sniffin' Sticks psychophysical olfactory test was used to evaluate olfactory function. Olfactory cleft specimens were collected using nasopharyngeal flocked swabs (COPAN FLOQSwabs). Eighteen viruses were tested for with the Luminex xTAG RVP FAST v2 Assay Kit. Results Out of the 38 patients with PVOD, rhinoviruses were detected in 13 patients, and coronavirus OC43 was detected in one patient. The frequency of positive virus detection in the patients with anosmia was higher than in those with hyposmia (58.8% vs. 19.0%, P = 0.018). In control group, rhinovirus was identified in one patient (3.1%). Nasal obstruction was the most common symptom and was experienced by 71.0% of patients. Conclusions Rhinovirus and coronavirus are more commonly identified in PVOD. Our methods represent an approach to screen for viruses that may be involved in PVOD. Level of Evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 131:158–164, 2021
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tian
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Li Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital of Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Sanmei Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifu Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxiang Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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