1
|
Ochoa Scussiatto H, Stenson KM, Al-Khudari S, Jelinek MJ, Pinto JM, Bhayani MK. Air pollution is associated with increased incidence-rate of head and neck cancers: A nationally representative ecological study. Oral Oncol 2024; 150:106691. [PMID: 38266316 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2024.106691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early studies show conflicting findings regarding particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) exposure and development of head and neck cancers (HNC). We analyzed the relationship between PM2.5 exposure and various types of HNC in a nationally representative ecological sample. METHODS We determined HNC incidence in 608 US counties from 2011 to 2019 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program from the National Cancer Institute. We also collected information on sociodemographic factors from SEER and data on smoking and alcohol intake from CDC data frames (county level). PM2.5 exposure levels were estimated using satellite and meteorological data via previously validated general additive models. Flexible semi-nonparametric regression models were used to test the relationship between PM2.5 exposure levels and HNC incidence, adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic factors, and comorbidity. RESULTS Increased PM2.5 exposure levels were associated with higher incidence-rates of oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers controlling for confounders in our primary analyses (IRR = 1.04, 95 % CI 1.01, 1.07, p = 0.02 per 1 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5). This relationship was maintained after adjusting for multiple testing (Holm s method, p = 0.04) and in ordinary least squares (OLS) regression (β = 0.17, 95 % CI 0.01, 0.57, p = 0.01). Increased exposure was also associated with other HNC: esophagus (IRR = 1.06, 95 % CI 1.01, 1.11, p = 0.02), lip (IRR = 1.16, 95 % CI 1.03, 1.31, p = 0.01), tonsil (IRR = 1.10, 95 % CI 1.03, 1.16, p < 0.01). However, these relationships were not maintained in secondary analyses. CONCLUSIONS This nationally representative ecological study shows that increased levels of air pollution are associated with increased incidence of overall oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers in the US.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Ochoa Scussiatto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kerstin M Stenson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Samer Al-Khudari
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael J Jelinek
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mihir K Bhayani
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Azem O, King K, Joshi NP, Tajudeen B, Escobedo P, Bhayani M, Al-Khudari S, Stenson KM, Jelinek M, Papagiannopoulos P, Fidler MJ. Evaluation of Sentinel Lymph Node Drainage Patterns in Early-Stage Oral Cavity Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e564. [PMID: 37785729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Surgery is the mainstay for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (OSCC), which includes an elective neck dissection. To limit morbidity of neck dissection, sentinel lymph biopsy (SLNB) has been introduced to identify patients at risk for nodal metastasis. While the data has thoroughly examined the relationship between SLNB in patients with unilateral lymph node drainage, little information exists on the rate of bilateral lymph node drainage patterns in lateralized OSCC. This study sought to examine the incidence of bilateral lymph node drainage patterns using sentinel node mapping in early stage OSCC. MATERIALS/METHODS This retrospective review of the electronic medical records at Rush University Medical Center focused on patients who underwent a SLNB based on CPT codes 38724, 38900, 38542, and 38510. From this cohort, we limited our analysis to patients with primary clinical T1 or T2 OSCC. Primary outcome was the rate of bilateral nodal drainage on sentinel node mapping based on the SPECT-CT. RESULTS A total of 54 patients were diagnosed with clinical T1/T2N0 OSCC and underwent a SLNB with SPECT-CT. (1) From the cohort of 54, 15 patients (27.78%) had bilateral sentinel lymph node drainage on SPECT-CT, while 39 patients (72.22%) had unilateral sentinel lymph node drainage. (2) Eleven patients (73.3%) from the bilateral drainage cohort completed appropriate SLN mapping with bilateral nodal assessments. (3) Four patients who had SPECT-CT evidence of bilateral drainage completed unilateral nodal assessment alone. (4) Of the patients with bilateral nodal assessment, 1 (9.1%) patient had a positive sentinel node on the ipsilateral side, 2 (18.2%) were found to have a positive sentinel node in the contralateral neck. (5) Overall, 3 patients (20%) had local-regional recurrence in the bilateral sentinel lymph drainage cohort. CONCLUSION Management of early-stage OSCC has evolved to include SLN mapping and biopsy. Our results found that contralateral drainage occurs in 18% of our patients with 2 patients having positive sentinel node in the contralateral neck. Therefore, the rate of contralateral drainage is not clinically insignificant and this result furthers the importance of lymphatic mapping in the early-stage OSCC treatment algorithm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Azem
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, OH
| | - K King
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - N P Joshi
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - B Tajudeen
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | | | - M Bhayani
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | - M Jelinek
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | | | - M J Fidler
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Canady J, Murthy SRK, Zhuang T, Gitelis S, Nissan A, Ly L, Jones OZ, Cheng X, Adileh M, Blank AT, Colman MW, Millikan K, O'Donoghue C, Stenson KM, Ohara K, Schtrechman G, Keidar M, Basadonna G. The First Cold Atmospheric Plasma Phase I Clinical Trial for the Treatment of Advanced Solid Tumors: A Novel Treatment Arm for Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3688. [PMID: 37509349 PMCID: PMC10378184 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Local regional recurrence (LRR) remains the primary cause of treatment failure in solid tumors despite advancements in cancer therapies. Canady Helios Cold Plasma (CHCP) is a novel Cold Atmospheric Plasma device that generates an Electromagnetic Field and Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species to induce cancer cell death. In the first FDA-approved Phase I trial (March 2020-April 2021), 20 patients with stage IV or recurrent solid tumors underwent surgical resection combined with intra-operative CHCP treatment. Safety was the primary endpoint; secondary endpoints were non-LRR, survival, cancer cell death, and the preservation of surrounding healthy tissue. CHCP did not impact intraoperative physiological data (p > 0.05) or cause any related adverse events. Overall response rates at 26 months for R0 and R0 with microscopic positive margin (R0-MPM) patients were 69% (95% CI, 19-40%) and 100% (95% CI, 100-100.0%), respectively. Survival rates for R0 (n = 7), R0-MPM (n = 5), R1 (n = 6), and R2 (n = 2) patients at 28 months were 86%, 40%, 67%, and 0%, respectively. The cumulative overall survival rate was 24% at 31 months (n = 20, 95% CI, 5.3-100.0). CHCP treatment combined with surgery is safe, selective towards cancer, and demonstrates exceptional LRR control in R0 and R0-MPM patients. (Clinical Trials identifier: NCT04267575).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Canady
- Department of Translational Research, Jerome Canady Research Institute for Advanced Biological and Technological Sciences, Takoma Park, MD 20912, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Capital Regional Medical Center, Largo, MD 21044, USA
| | - Saravana R K Murthy
- Department of Translational Research, Jerome Canady Research Institute for Advanced Biological and Technological Sciences, Takoma Park, MD 20912, USA
| | - Taisen Zhuang
- Department of Translational Research, Jerome Canady Research Institute for Advanced Biological and Technological Sciences, Takoma Park, MD 20912, USA
| | - Steven Gitelis
- Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Aviram Nissan
- Department of Surgical Oncology/General Surgery, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Lawan Ly
- Department of Translational Research, Jerome Canady Research Institute for Advanced Biological and Technological Sciences, Takoma Park, MD 20912, USA
| | - Olivia Z Jones
- Department of Translational Research, Jerome Canady Research Institute for Advanced Biological and Technological Sciences, Takoma Park, MD 20912, USA
| | - Xiaoqian Cheng
- Department of Translational Research, Jerome Canady Research Institute for Advanced Biological and Technological Sciences, Takoma Park, MD 20912, USA
| | - Mohammad Adileh
- Department of Surgical Oncology/General Surgery, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Alan T Blank
- Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Matthew W Colman
- Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Keith Millikan
- Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Cristina O'Donoghue
- Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Kerstin M Stenson
- Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Karen Ohara
- Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Gal Schtrechman
- Department of Surgical Oncology/General Surgery, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Michael Keidar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Giacomo Basadonna
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01854, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Anne S, Mims JW, Tunkel DE, Rosenfeld RM, Boisoneau DS, Brenner MJ, Cramer JD, Dickerson D, Finestone SA, Folbe AJ, Galaiya DJ, Messner AH, Paisley A, Sedaghat AR, Stenson KM, Sturm AK, Lambie EM, Dhepyasuwan N, Monjur TM. Clinical Practice Guideline: Opioid Prescribing for Analgesia After Common Otolaryngology Operations Executive Summary. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 164:687-703. [PMID: 33822678 DOI: 10.1177/0194599821996303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Opioid use disorder (OUD), which includes the morbidity of dependence and mortality of overdose, has reached epidemic proportions in the United States. Overprescription of opioids can lead to chronic use and misuse, and unused narcotics after surgery can lead to their diversion. Research supports that most patients do not take all the prescribed opioids after surgery and that surgeons are the second largest prescribers of opioids in the United States. The introduction of opioids in those with OUD often begins with prescription opioids. Reducing the number of extra opioids available after surgery through smaller prescriptions, safe storage, and disposal should reduce the risk of opioid use disorder in otolaryngology patients and their families. PURPOSE The purpose of this specialty-specific guideline is to identify quality improvement opportunities in postoperative pain management of common otolaryngologic surgical procedures. These opportunities are communicated through clear actionable statements with explanation of the support in the literature, evaluation of the quality of the evidence, and recommendations on implementation. Employing these action statements should reduce the variation in care across the specialty and improve postoperative pain control while reducing risk of OUD. The target patients for the guideline are any patients treated for anticipated or reported pain within the first 30 days after undergoing common otolaryngologic procedures. The target audience of the guideline is otolaryngologists who perform surgery and clinicians who manage pain after surgical procedures. Outcomes to be considered include whether the patient has stopped using opioids, has disposed of unused opioids, and was satisfied with the pain management plan.The guideline addresses assessment of the patient for OUD risk factors, counseling on pain expectations, and identifying factors that can affect pain duration and/or severity. It also discusses the use of multimodal analgesia as first-line treatment and the responsible use of opioids. Last, safe disposal of unused opioids is discussed.This guideline is intended to focus on evidence-based quality improvement opportunities judged most important by the guideline development group. It is not a comprehensive guide on pain management in otolaryngologic procedures. The statements in this guideline are not intended to limit or restrict care provided by clinicians based on their experiences and assessments of individual patients. ACTION STATEMENTS The guideline development group made strong recommendations for the following key action statements: (3A) prior to surgery, clinicians should identify risk factors for opioid use disorder when analgesia using opioids is anticipated; (6) clinicians should advocate for nonopioid medications as first-line management of pain after otolaryngologic surgery; (9) clinicians should recommend that patients (or their caregivers) store prescribed opioids securely and dispose of unused opioids through take-back programs or another accepted method.The guideline development group made recommendations for the following key action statements: (1) prior to surgery, clinicians should advise patients and others involved in the postoperative care about the expected duration and severity of pain; (2) prior to surgery, clinicians should gather information specific to the patient that modifies severity and/or duration of pain; (3B) in patients at risk for OUD, clinicians should evaluate the need to modify the analgesia plan; (4) clinicians should promote shared decision making by informing patients of the benefits and risks of postoperative pain treatments that include nonopioid analgesics, opioid analgesics, and nonpharmacologic interventions; (5) clinicians should develop a multimodal treatment plan for managing postoperative pain; (7) when treating postoperative pain with opioids, clinicians should limit therapy to the lowest effective dose and the shortest duration; (8A) clinicians should instruct patients and caregivers how to communicate if pain is not controlled or if medication side effects occur; (8B) clinicians should educate patients to stop opioids when pain is controlled with nonopioids and stop all analgesics when pain has resolved; (10) clinicians should inquire, within 30 days of surgery, whether the patient has stopped using opioids, has disposed of unused opioids, and was satisfied with the pain management plan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - James Whit Mims
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - David E Tunkel
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - John D Cramer
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - David Dickerson
- NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois, USA.,University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Adam J Folbe
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA
| | - Deepa J Galaiya
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anna H Messner
- Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Allison Paisley
- University of Pennsylvania Otorhinolaryngology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ahmad R Sedaghat
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Angela K Sturm
- Angela Sturm, MD, PLLC, Houston, Texas, USA.,University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Erin M Lambie
- American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Alexandria, Virginia, USA
| | - Nui Dhepyasuwan
- American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Alexandria, Virginia, USA
| | - Taskin M Monjur
- American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Alexandria, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Anne S, Mims JW, Tunkel DE, Rosenfeld RM, Boisoneau DS, Brenner MJ, Cramer JD, Dickerson D, Finestone SA, Folbe AJ, Galaiya DJ, Messner AH, Paisley A, Sedaghat AR, Stenson KM, Sturm AK, Lambie EM, Dhepyasuwan N, Monjur TM. Clinical Practice Guideline: Opioid Prescribing for Analgesia After Common Otolaryngology Operations. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 164:S1-S42. [PMID: 33822668 DOI: 10.1177/0194599821996297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Opioid use disorder (OUD), which includes the morbidity of dependence and mortality of overdose, has reached epidemic proportions in the United States. Overprescription of opioids can lead to chronic use and misuse, and unused narcotics after surgery can lead to their diversion. Research supports that most patients do not take all the prescribed opioids after surgery and that surgeons are the second largest prescribers of opioids in the United States. The introduction of opioids in those with OUD often begins with prescription opioids. Reducing the number of extra opioids available after surgery through smaller prescriptions, safe storage, and disposal should reduce the risk of opioid use disorder in otolaryngology patients and their families. PURPOSE The purpose of this specialty-specific guideline is to identify quality improvement opportunities in postoperative pain management of common otolaryngologic surgical procedures. These opportunities are communicated through clear actionable statements with explanation of the support in the literature, evaluation of the quality of the evidence, and recommendations on implementation. Employing these action statements should reduce the variation in care across the specialty and improve postoperative pain control while reducing risk of OUD. The target patients for the guideline are any patients treated for anticipated or reported pain within the first 30 days after undergoing common otolaryngologic procedures. The target audience of the guideline is otolaryngologists who perform surgery and clinicians who manage pain after surgical procedures. Outcomes to be considered include whether the patient has stopped using opioids, has disposed of unused opioids, and was satisfied with the pain management plan.The guideline addresses assessment of the patient for OUD risk factors, counseling on pain expectations, and identifying factors that can affect pain duration and/or severity. It also discusses the use of multimodal analgesia as first-line treatment and the responsible use of opioids. Last, safe disposal of unused opioids is discussed.This guideline is intended to focus on evidence-based quality improvement opportunities judged most important by the guideline development group. It is not a comprehensive guide on pain management in otolaryngologic procedures. The statements in this guideline are not intended to limit or restrict care provided by clinicians based on their experiences and assessments of individual patients. ACTION STATEMENTS The guideline development group made strong recommendations for the following key action statements: (3A) prior to surgery, clinicians should identify risk factors for opioid use disorder when analgesia using opioids is anticipated; (6) clinicians should advocate for nonopioid medications as first-line management of pain after otolaryngologic surgery; (9) clinicians should recommend that patients (or their caregivers) store prescribed opioids securely and dispose of unused opioids through take-back programs or another accepted method.The guideline development group made recommendations for the following key action statements: (1) prior to surgery, clinicians should advise patients and others involved in the postoperative care about the expected duration and severity of pain; (2) prior to surgery, clinicians should gather information specific to the patient that modifies severity and/or duration of pain; (3B) in patients at risk for OUD, clinicians should evaluate the need to modify the analgesia plan; (4) clinicians should promote shared decision making by informing patients of the benefits and risks of postoperative pain treatments that include nonopioid analgesics, opioid analgesics, and nonpharmacologic interventions; (5) clinicians should develop a multimodal treatment plan for managing postoperative pain; (7) when treating postoperative pain with opioids, clinicians should limit therapy to the lowest effective dose and the shortest duration; (8A) clinicians should instruct patients and caregivers how to communicate if pain is not controlled or if medication side effects occur; (8B) clinicians should educate patients to stop opioids when pain is controlled with nonopioids and stop all analgesics when pain has resolved; (10) clinicians should inquire, within 30 days of surgery, whether the patient has stopped using opioids, has disposed of unused opioids, and was satisfied with the pain management plan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - James Whit Mims
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - David E Tunkel
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - John D Cramer
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - David Dickerson
- NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois, USA.,University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Adam J Folbe
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA
| | - Deepa J Galaiya
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anna H Messner
- Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Allison Paisley
- University of Pennsylvania Otorhinolaryngology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ahmad R Sedaghat
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Angela K Sturm
- Angela Sturm, MD, PLLC, Houston, Texas, USA.,University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Erin M Lambie
- American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Alexandria, Virginia, USA
| | - Nui Dhepyasuwan
- American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Alexandria, Virginia, USA
| | - Taskin M Monjur
- American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Alexandria, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Selway WG, Stenson KM, Holt PJ, Loftus IM. Willingness of patients to attend abdominal aortic aneurysm surveillance: The implications of COVID-19 on restarting the National Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening Programme. Br J Surg 2020; 107:e646-e647. [PMID: 32990339 PMCID: PMC7537298 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W G Selway
- St George's Vascular Institute, St George's Hospital, Blackshaw Road, London, SW17 0QT
| | - K M Stenson
- St George's Vascular Institute, St George's Hospital, Blackshaw Road, London, SW17 0QT
| | - P J Holt
- St George's Vascular Institute, St George's Hospital, Blackshaw Road, London, SW17 0QT
| | - I M Loftus
- St George's Vascular Institute, St George's Hospital, Blackshaw Road, London, SW17 0QT
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Batra PS, LoSavio PS, Michaelides E, Revenaugh PC, Tajudeen BA, Al-Khudari S, Husain I, Papagiannopoulos P, Smith R, Stenson KM, Wiet RM. Management of the Clinical and Academic Mission in an Urban Otolaryngology Department During the COVID-19 Global Crisis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020; 163:162-169. [PMID: 32423292 PMCID: PMC7240314 DOI: 10.1177/0194599820929613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to assess the strategic changes implemented in the departmental mission to continue safe delivery of otolaryngology care and to support the broader institutional mission during the COVID-19 pandemic response. Study Design Retrospective assessment was performed to the response and management strategy developed to transform the clinical and academic enterprise. Setting Large urban tertiary care referral center. Results The departmental structure was reorganized along new clinical teams to effectively meet the system directives for provision of otolaryngology care and support for inpatient cases of COVID-19. A surge deployment schedule was developed to assist frontline colleagues with clinical support as needed. Outpatient otolaryngology was consolidated across the system with conversion of the majority of visits to telehealth. Operative procedures were prioritized to ensure throughput for emergent and time-critical urgent procedures. A tracheostomy protocol was developed to guide management of emergent and elective airways. Educational and research efforts were redirected to focus on otolaryngology care in the clinical context of the COVID-19 crisis. Conclusion Emergence of the COVID-19 global health crisis has challenged delivery of otolaryngology care in an unparalleled manner. The concerns for preserving health of the workforce while ethically addressing patient career needs in a timely manner has created significant dilemmas. A proactive, thoughtful approach that reorganizes the overall departmental effort through provider and staff engagement can facilitate the ability to meet the needs of otolaryngology patients and to support the greater institutional mission to combat the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pete S Batra
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Phillip S LoSavio
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elias Michaelides
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter C Revenaugh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bobby A Tajudeen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Samer Al-Khudari
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Inna Husain
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter Papagiannopoulos
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ryan Smith
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kerstin M Stenson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - R Mark Wiet
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Eggerstedt M, Stenson KM, Ramirez EA, Kuhar HN, Jandali DB, Vaughan D, Al-Khudari S, Smith RM, Revenaugh PC. Association of Perioperative Opioid-Sparing Multimodal Analgesia With Narcotic Use and Pain Control After Head and Neck Free Flap Reconstruction. JAMA FACIAL PLAST SU 2020; 21:446-451. [PMID: 31393513 DOI: 10.1001/jamafacial.2019.0612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Importance An increase in narcotic prescription patterns has contributed to the current opioid epidemic in the United States. Opioid-sparing perioperative analgesia represents a means of mitigating the risk of opioid dependence while providing superior perioperative analgesia. Objective To assess whether multimodal analgesia (MMA) is associated with reduced narcotic use and improved pain control compared with traditional narcotic-based analgesics at discharge and in the immediate postoperative period after free flap reconstructive surgery. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study assessed a consecutive sample of 65 patients (28 MMA, 37 controls) undergoing free flap reconstruction of a through-and-through mucosal defect within the head and neck region at a tertiary academic referral center from June 1, 2017, to November 30, 2018. Patients and physicians were not blinded to the patients' analgesic regimen. Patients' clinical courses were followed up for 30 days postoperatively. Interventions Patients were administered a preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative analgesia regimen consisting of scheduled and as-needed neuromodulating and anti-inflammatory medications, with narcotic medications reserved for refractory cases. Control patients were administered traditional narcotic-based analgesics as needed. Main Outcomes and Measures Narcotic doses administered during the perioperative period and at discharge were converted to morphine-equivalent doses (MEDs) for comparison. Postoperative Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale pain scores (ranging from 0 [no pain] to 10 [worst pain imaginable]) were collected for the first 72 hours postoperatively as a patient-reported means of analyzing effectiveness of analgesia. Results A total of 28 patients (mean [SD] age, 64.1 [12.3] years; 17 [61%] male) were included in the MMA group and 37 (mean [SD] age, 65.0 [11.0] years; 22 [59%] male) in the control group. The number of MEDs administered postoperatively was 10.0 (interquartile range [IQR], 2.7-23.1) in the MMA cohort and 89.6 (IQR, 60.0-104.5) in the control cohort (P < .001). Mean (SD) Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale pain scores postoperatively were 2.05 (1.41) in the MMA cohort and 3.66 (1.99) in the control cohort (P = .001). Median number of MEDs prescribed at discharge were 0 (IQR, 0-18.8) in the MMA cohort and 300.0 (IQR, 262.5-412.5) in the control cohort (P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance The findings suggest that after free flap reconstruction, MMA is associated with reduced narcotic use at discharge and in the immediate postoperative period and with superior analgesia as measured by patient-reported pain scores. Patients receiving MMA achieved improved pain control, and the number of narcotic prescriptions in circulation were reduced. Level of Evidence 3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Eggerstedt
- Section of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kerstin M Stenson
- Section of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Emily A Ramirez
- Section of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hannah N Kuhar
- Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Danny B Jandali
- Section of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Deborah Vaughan
- Section of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Samer Al-Khudari
- Section of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ryan M Smith
- Section of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Peter C Revenaugh
- Section of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jandali DB, Vaughan D, Eggerstedt M, Ganti A, Scheltens H, Ramirez EA, Revenaugh PC, Al‐Khudari S, Smith RM, Stenson KM. Enhanced recovery after surgery in head and neck surgery: Reduced opioid use and length of stay. Laryngoscope 2019; 130:1227-1232. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.28191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danny B. Jandali
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryRush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois U.S.A
| | - Deborah Vaughan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryRush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois U.S.A
| | - Michael Eggerstedt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryRush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois U.S.A
| | - Ashwin Ganti
- Rush Medical CollegeRush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois U.S.A
| | - Holly Scheltens
- College of NursingRush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois U.S.A
| | - Emily A. Ramirez
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryRush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois U.S.A
| | - Peter C. Revenaugh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryRush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois U.S.A
| | - Samer Al‐Khudari
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryRush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois U.S.A
| | - Ryan M. Smith
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryRush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois U.S.A
| | - Kerstin M. Stenson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryRush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Foster CC, Melotek JM, Brisson RJ, Seiwert TY, Cohen EEW, Stenson KM, Blair EA, Portugal L, Gooi Z, Agrawal N, Vokes EE, Haraf DJ. Definitive chemoradiation for locally-advanced oral cavity cancer: A 20-year experience. Oral Oncol 2018; 80:16-22. [PMID: 29706184 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Definitive chemoradiation (CRT) for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OC-SCC) is often criticized for poor efficacy or toxicity. We describe a favorable 20-year experience of primary CRT for locally-advanced OC-SCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with locally-advanced, stage III/IV OC-SCC receiving primary concomitant CRT on protocols from 1994 to 2014 were analyzed. Chemotherapy included fluorouracil and hydroxyurea with other third agents. Radiotherapy (RT) was delivered once or twice daily to a maximum dose of 70-75 Gy. Intensity-modulated RT (IMRT) was exclusively used after 2004. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), locoregional control (LRC), and distant control (DC) were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared across treatment decades using the log-rank test. Rates of osteoradionecrosis (ORN) requiring surgery were compared across treatment decades using the Chi-square test. RESULTS 140 patients with locally-advanced OC-SCC were treated with definitive CRT. Of these, 75.7% had T3/T4 disease, 68.6% had ≥N2 nodal disease, and 91.4% had stage IV disease. Most common primary sites were oral tongue (47.9%) and floor of mouth (24.3%). Median follow-up was 5.7 years. Five-year OS, PFS, LRC, and DC were 63.2%, 58.7%, 78.6%, and 87.2%, respectively. Rates of ORN and long-term feeding tube dependence were 20.7% and 10.0%, respectively. Differences in LRC (P = 0.90), DC (P = 0.24), PFS (P = 0.38), OS (P = 0.10), or ORN (P = 0.38) were not significant across treatment decades. CONCLUSION Definitive CRT is a viable and feasible strategy for organ preservation for patients with locally-advanced OC-SCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corey C Foster
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, 5758 S. Maryland Avenue, M/C 9006, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - James M Melotek
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, 5758 S. Maryland Avenue, M/C 9006, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ryan J Brisson
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, 586 Pioneer Drive, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Tanguy Y Seiwert
- Department of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ezra E W Cohen
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kerstin M Stenson
- Department of Otolaryngology, Rush University, 1611 W. Harrison Street, Suite 550, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Blair
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Louis Portugal
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Zhen Gooi
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Nishant Agrawal
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Everett E Vokes
- Department of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Daniel J Haraf
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, 5758 S. Maryland Avenue, M/C 9006, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Hostile infrarenal aortic neck anatomy presents a challenge for the endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Open surgical repair has been seen as the gold standard treatment for juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm; however, endovascular techniques are now becoming more prevalent, particularly in patients deemed high risk for morbidity and mortality with open repair. The morphology of an aneurysm is a determinant of long-term outcomes, and short aneurysm necks are associated with poorer outcomes and a higher rate of secondary reinterventions. Parallel grafts have been used in combination with endovascular aneurysm repair to elongate the sealing zone into the paravisceral segment of the aorta. This technique is associated with a risk of proximal Type I endoleak due to "guttering." This risk may be decreased when parallel grafts are used in combination with endovascular aneurysm sealing and, as such, this technique may represent an alternative to current techniques for the treatment of juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm, such as the use of conventional bifurcated grafts (with or without parallel grafts) and fenestrated endovascular stent grafts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K M Stenson
- St George's Vascular Institute, St George's Hospital, Blackshaw Road, London SW17 0QT, UK.
| | - J L De Bruin
- St George's Vascular Institute, St George's Hospital, Blackshaw Road, London SW17 0QT, UK
| | - P J E Holt
- St George's Vascular Institute, St George's Hospital, Blackshaw Road, London SW17 0QT, UK
| | - I M Loftus
- St George's Vascular Institute, St George's Hospital, Blackshaw Road, London SW17 0QT, UK
| | - M M Thompson
- St George's Vascular Institute, St George's Hospital, Blackshaw Road, London SW17 0QT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Seiwert TY, Melotek JM, Blair EA, Stenson KM, Salama JK, Witt ME, Brisson RJ, Chawla A, Dekker A, Lingen MW, Kocherginsky M, Villaflor VM, Cohen EEW, Haraf DJ, Vokes EE. Final Results of a Randomized Phase 2 Trial Investigating the Addition of Cetuximab to Induction Chemotherapy and Accelerated or Hyperfractionated Chemoradiation for Locoregionally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016; 96:21-9. [PMID: 27511844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of cetuximab in the treatment of locoregionally advanced head and neck squamous cell cancer (LA-HNSCC) remains poorly defined. In this phase 2 randomized study, we investigated the addition of cetuximab to both induction chemotherapy (IC) and hyperfractionated or accelerated chemoradiation. METHODS AND MATERIALS Patients with LA-HNSCC were randomized to receive 2 cycles of weekly IC (cetuximab, paclitaxel, carboplatin) and either Cetux-FHX (concurrent cetuximab, 5-fluorouracil, hydroxyurea, and 1.5 Gy twice-daily radiation therapy every other week to 75 Gy) or Cetux-PX (cetuximab, cisplatin, and accelerated radiation therapy with delayed concomitant boost to 72 Gy in 42 fractions). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), with superiority compared with historical control achieved if either arm had 2-year PFS ≥70%. RESULTS 110 patients were randomly assigned to either Cetux-FHX (n=57) or Cetux-PX (n=53). The overall response rate to IC was 91%. Severe toxicity on IC was limited to rash (23% grade ≥3) and myelosuppression (38% grade ≥3 neutropenia). The 2-year rates of PFS for both Cetux-FHX (82.5%) and Cetux-PX (84.9%) were significantly higher than for historical control (P<.001). The 2-year overall survival (OS) was 91.2% for Cetux-FHX and 94.3% for Cetux-PX. With a median follow-up time of 72 months, there were no significant differences in PFS (P=.35) or OS (P=.15) between the treatment arms. The late outcomes for the entire cohort included 5-year PFS, OS, locoregional failure, and distant metastasis rates of 74.1%, 80.3%, 15.7%, and 7.4%, respectively. The 5-year PFS and OS were 84.4% and 91.3%, respectively, among human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive patients and 65.9% and 72.5%, respectively, among HPV-negative patients. CONCLUSIONS The addition of cetuximab to IC and chemoradiation was tolerable and produced long-term control of LA-HNSCC, particularly among poor-prognosis HPV-negative patients. Further investigation of cetuximab may be warranted in the neoadjuvant setting and with non-platinum-based chemoradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanguy Y Seiwert
- Departments of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - James M Melotek
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Elizabeth A Blair
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Joseph K Salama
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mary Ellyn Witt
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ryan J Brisson
- Departments of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Apoorva Chawla
- Departments of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Allison Dekker
- Departments of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mark W Lingen
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Masha Kocherginsky
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Ezra E W Cohen
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Daniel J Haraf
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Everett E Vokes
- Departments of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mouw KW, Solanki AA, Stenson KM, Witt ME, Blair EA, Cohen EEW, Vokes EE, List M, Haraf DJ, Salama JK. Performance and quality of life outcomes for T4 laryngeal cancer patients treated with induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy. Oral Oncol 2012; 48:1025-1030. [PMID: 22621836 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Organ-sparing approaches with chemoradiotherapy are often used in the treatment of patients with laryngeal cancer, and the oncologic outcomes of these patients are similar to patients who undergo laryngectomy. However, chemoradiotherapy for laryngeal cancer patients with large or locally-invasive (T4) tumors has been more slowly incorporated due to concern for poor post-treatment function of the preserved larynx. Here, we characterize acute and long-term performance and quality-of-life (QOL) outcomes of T4 laryngeal cancer patients treated with induction chemotherapy followed by combined chemoradiotherapy. Using several validated metrics, we find patients experience a decline in most measures of performance and QOL during and immediately following treatment. However, the majority of patients improve to baseline over varying lengths of time following completion of treatment, and many go on to exceed pre-treatment levels of function. Gender, race, alcohol, and tobacco usage were found to be associated with differences in performance and QOL scores across time points. This study suggests that patients with advanced laryngeal tumors who historically had been considered poor candidates for organ-sparing treatment are able to return to, and in many cases exceed pre-treatment performance and QOL following induction chemotherapy and combined chemoradiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kent W Mouw
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Abhishek A Solanki
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kerstin M Stenson
- Section of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mary Ellyn Witt
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Blair
- Section of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ezra E W Cohen
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Everett E Vokes
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Marcy List
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Daniel J Haraf
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Joseph K Salama
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
de Souza JA, Davis DW, Zhang Y, Khattri A, Seiwert TY, Aktolga S, Wong SJ, Kozloff MF, Nattam S, Lingen MW, Kunnavakkam R, Stenson KM, Blair EA, Bozeman J, Dancey JE, Vokes EE, Cohen EEW. A phase II study of lapatinib in recurrent/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:2336-43. [PMID: 22371453 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-2825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study sought to determine the efficacy and safety profile of lapatinib in patients with recurrent/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN This phase II multiinstitutional study enrolled patients with recurrent/metastatic SCCHN into two cohorts: those without (arm A) and those with (arm B) before exposure to an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor. All subjects were treated with lapatinib 1,500 mg daily. Primary endpoints were response rate (arm A) and progression-free survival (PFS; arm B). The biologic effects of lapatinib on tumor growth and survival pathways were assessed in paired tumor biopsies obtained before and after therapy. RESULTS Forty-five patients were enrolled, 27 in arm A and 18 in arm B. Diarrhea was the most frequent toxicity occurring in 49% of patients. Seven patients experienced related grade 3 toxicity (3 fatigue, 2 hyponatremia, 1 vomiting, and 1 diarrhea). In an intent-to-treat analysis, no complete or partial responses were observed, and stable disease was the best response observed in 41% of arm A (median duration, 50 days, range, 34-159) and 17% of arm B subjects (median, 163 days, range, 135-195). Median PFS was 52 days in both arms. Median OS was 288 (95% CI, 62-374) and 155 (95% CI, 75-242) days for arms A and B, respectively. Correlative analyses revealed an absence of EGFR inhibition in tumor tissue. CONCLUSION Lapatinib as a single agent in recurrent/metastatic SCCHN, although well tolerated, appears to be inactive in either EGFR inhibitor naive or refractory subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas A de Souza
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Stenson KM, Maccracken E, Kunnavakkam R, W Cohen EE, Portugal LD, Villaflor V, Seiwert T, Blair E, Haraf DJ, Salama JK, Vokes EE. Chemoradiation for patients with large-volume laryngeal cancers. Head Neck 2011; 34:1162-7. [PMID: 22052816 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 05/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with T4 laryngeal cancers, including those with large-volume (cartilage or tongue-base invasion) lesions, are often excluded from organ-preservation trials due to expectations of inferior outcome in terms of survival and function. We hypothesize that such patients indeed have acceptable survival and function when treated with organ-preservation strategies. METHODS Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of a cohort of patients with T4 laryngeal cancer was carried out. Follow-up ranged from 0.18 to 15.6 years. All T4 laryngeal cancer patients who were enrolled in the University of Chicago concomitant chemoradiotherapy protocols from 1994 to the present were reviewed. This study was composed of 80 newly diagnosed T4 laryngeal cancer patients. Efficacy of treatment was determined through evaluations of survival and function. Survival was evaluated via Kaplan-Meier methods. Swallowing function was evaluated by an oropharyngeal motility (OPM) study and swallowing scores were assigned. Higher scores reflected increasing swallowing dysfunction. RESULTS Fifty-five of 80 patients (~69%) had documented large-volume tumor. Two- and 5-year overall survivals were 60.0% and 48.7%, respectively. Disease-specific 2- and 5-year survivals for the group were 80.1% and 71.3%, and 79.4 and 74.3%, respectively, for the 55 patients with large volume status. Progression-free survival rates were 52.6% and 47.6%. Forty-four of 65 patients (~68%) with OPM data had a Swallowing Performance Status Scale (SPSS) score of ≤5, indicating various degrees of swallowing abnormalities not requiring a gastrostomy tube. This is a functional-preservation rate of 67.7%. CONCLUSIONS Chemoradiation for patients with T4 laryngeal cancer appears to be an effective and reasonable option, particularly in light of the satisfactory survival and function-preservation rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin M Stenson
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Chicago, IL, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pederson AW, Salama JK, Witt ME, Stenson KM, Blair EA, Vokes EE, Haraf DJ. Concurrent Chemotherapy and Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy for Organ Preservation of Locoregionally Advanced Oral Cavity Cancer. Am J Clin Oncol 2011; 34:356-61. [DOI: 10.1097/coc.0b013e3181e8420b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
17
|
Pederson AW, Salama JK, Haraf DJ, Witt ME, Stenson KM, Portugal L, Seiwert T, Villaflor VM, Cohen EEW, Vokes EE, Blair EA. Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locoregionally advanced and high-risk salivary gland malignancies. Head Neck Oncol 2011; 3:31. [PMID: 21791072 PMCID: PMC3189162 DOI: 10.1186/1758-3284-3-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background To report the outcomes of patients with locoregionally advanced and high- risk salivary gland malignancies treated with surgery followed by adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Methods From 09/1991 - 06/2007, 24 high-risk salivary gland cancer patients were treated with surgery, followed by adjuvant chemoradiotherapy for high-risk pathologic features including, perineural involvement, nodal involvement, positive margins, or T3/T4 tumors. Chemoradiotherapy was delivered for 4-6 alternating week cycles: the most common regimen, TFHX, consisted of 5 days paclitaxel (100 mg/m2 on d1), infusional 5-fluorouracil (600 mg/m2/d × 5d), hydroxyurea (500 mg PO BID), and 1.5 Gy twice daily irradiation followed by a 9-day break without treatment. Results Median follow-up was 42 months. The parotid gland was more frequently involved (n = 17) than minor (n = 4) or submandibular (n = 3) glands. The median radiation dose was 65 Gy (range 55-68 Gy). Acute treatment related toxicity included 46% grade 3 mucositis and 33% grade 3 hematologic toxicity. Six patients required feeding tubes during treatment. One patient progressed locally, 8 patients progressed distantly, and none progressed regionally. Five-year locoregional progression free survival was 96%. The 3 and 5 year overall survival was 79% and 59%, respectively. Long-term complications included persistent xerostomia (n = 5), esophageal stricture requiring dilatation (n = 1), and tempromandibular joint syndrome (n = 1). Conclusions Surgical resection followed by adjuvant chemoradiotherapy results in promising locoregional control for high-risk salivary malignancy patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron W Pederson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial University Medical Center, 4700 Waters Avenue, Savannah, GA 31404, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Affiliation(s)
- Ozgür Pilanci
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, BağcΙlar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Choe KS, Haraf DJ, Solanki A, Cohen EEW, Seiwert TY, Stenson KM, Blair EA, Portugal L, Villaflor VM, Witt ME, Vokes EE, Salama JK. Prior chemoradiotherapy adversely impacts outcomes of recurrent and second primary head and neck cancer treated with concurrent chemotherapy and reirradiation. Cancer 2011; 117:4671-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.26084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
20
|
Mouw KW, Haraf DJ, Stenson KM, Cohen EE, Xi X, Witt ME, List M, Blair EA, Vokes EE, Salama JK. Factors associated with long-term speech and swallowing outcomes after chemoradiotherapy for locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 136:1226-34. [PMID: 21173372 DOI: 10.1001/archoto.2010.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to identify factors that influence patient-centered measures of speech and swallowing function after successful use of chemoradiotherapy to treat cancers of the head and neck. DESIGN patients previously enrolled in a phase 2 trial using induction chemotherapy consisting of carboplatin and paclitaxel followed by chemoradiotherapy with paclitaxel, fluorouracil, hydroxyurea, and 1 of 3 radiation dose levels were assigned speaking and swallowing scores at follow-up ranging from 1 to 4, with 1 representing normal speech or swallowing and 4 representing significant sustained deficits. PATIENTS one hundred eighty-four patients with locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES speech and swallowing function after chemoradiotherapy. RESULTS of the 222 patients originally enrolled in the trial, 184 were alive and free of locoregional recurrence at the outset of this study. Of these eligible patients, 163 (88.6%) were assigned a speaking score of 1 through 4 at an average of 34.8 (range, 1.5-76.4) months after completion of treatment, whereas 166 patients (90.2%) were assigned a swallowing score of 1 through 4 at an average of 34.5 (range, 1.0-76.4) months after completion of treatment. Most patients (84.7% with speaking scores and 63.3% with swallowing scores) had no residual deficit and were assigned scores of 1. Factors that were associated with worse speaking outcomes included female sex, smoking history, hypopharyngeal or laryngeal primary sites, and poor response to induction chemotherapy; factors associated with worse swallowing outcomes included advanced patient age, poor performance status, primary site, and neck dissection. CONCLUSIONS among patients successfully treated for locoregionally advanced cancers of the head and neck, several factors correlate with speaking and swallowing outcomes. Because advances in therapy have led to improved survival in these patients, understanding and controlling adverse effects of treatment should continue to be an active area of investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kent W Mouw
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, PO Box 3085, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Langerman A, Patel RM, Cohen EEW, Blair EA, Stenson KM. Airway management before chemoradiation for advanced head and neck cancer. Head Neck 2011; 34:254-9. [PMID: 21384461 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with upper aerodigestive tract tumors can have development of airway compromise both before and during chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Tracheotomy is the classic method for securing a safe airway, but tumor debulking may also be used. METHODS This was a retrospective review of locoregionally advanced tumors of the base of tongue, larynx, or hypopharynx undergoing CRT between 1995 and 2007. RESULTS Forty-two of the 109 patients presented with signs or symptoms of airway obstruction. Of these, 28 underwent tracheotomy before CRT, and 11 had tumor debulking. Two of the 11 patients who underwent debulking required tracheotomy within 1 year after CRT for persistent edema and fibrosis. Larynx tumors were more likely to require tracheotomy or debulking than other tumors (p = .01). CONCLUSIONS Debulking is a safe and effective alternative to tracheotomy in select patients with tumor-related airway obstruction before CRT. Patients who undergo debulking should be monitored closely for recurrence of airway compromise during and after CRT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Langerman
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pederson AW, Haraf DJ, Witt ME, Stenson KM, Vokes EE, Blair EA, Salama JK. Chemoradiotherapy for locoregionally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the base of tongue. Head Neck 2011; 32:1519-27. [PMID: 20187015 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim was to report the outcomes of base of tongue cancers treated with chemoradiotherapy. METHODS Between 1990 and 2004, 127 patients with stage III or IV base of tongue cancer were treated with chemoradiotherapy on protocol. Indications included nodal involvement, T3/T4 tumors, positive margins, those patients refusing surgery, or were medically inoperable. The most common regimen was paclitaxel (100 mg/m2 on day 1), infusional 5-fluorouracil (600 mg/m2/day × 5 days), hydroxyurea (500 mg prescribed orally [PO] 2 × daily [BID]), and 1.5 Gy twice daily irradiation followed by a 9-day break without treatment. RESULTS Median follow-up was 51 months. The median dose to gross tumor was 72.5 Gy (range, 40-75.5 Gy). Five-year locoregional progression-free survival, overall survival, and disease-free survival was 87.0%, 58.2%, and 46.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION Concurrent chemoradiotherapy results in promising locoregional control for base of tongue cancer. As distant relapse was common, further investigation of systemic therapy with novel agents may be warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron W Pederson
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pilanci Ö, Stenson KM, Kuvat SV. The use of bone wax for protection from sharp ends of interdental wires. Indian J Plast Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1699498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Özgür Pilanci
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital, Turkey
| | | | - Samet Vasfi Kuvat
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Choe KS, Salama JK, Stenson KM, Blair EA, Witt ME, Cohen EE, Haraf DJ, Vokes EE. Adjuvant chemotherapy prior to postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer. Radiother Oncol 2010; 97:318-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
25
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal stricture is a well-known complication of chemoradiotherapy for head and neck malignancies. These strictures almost exclusively occur in the cervical esophagus within the field of radiation. For some patients, identification of the esophageal lumen for antegrade dilation of these strictures can be a challenge, and creation of a false lumen can occur during attempts at dilation. METHODS We report a method of identifying the esophageal lumen using retrograde esophagoscopy through an existing gastrostomy, thereby allowing confident dilation of an esophageal stricture. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The esophagoscope is used to pass a guide wire from below the stricture, and this guide wire is used for bougie dilation of the stricture. Following retrograde dilation, we often place a modified feeding tube to preserve the lumen for future dilation attempts. CONCLUSION This method can be used to safely place a guide wire for dilation in patients who have a difficult cervical esophageal stricture and an established gastrostomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Langerman
- Section of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center and Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cohen EEW, Haraf DJ, Kunnavakkam R, Stenson KM, Blair EA, Brockstein B, Lester EP, Salama JK, Dekker A, Williams R, Witt ME, Grushko TA, Dignam JJ, Lingen MW, Olopade OI, Vokes EE. Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor gefitinib added to chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced head and neck cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:3336-43. [PMID: 20498391 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Assess efficacy and toxicity of gefitinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, added to, and in maintenance after, concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in locally advanced head and neck cancer (LA-HNC) and correlate outcomes with EGFR gene copy number alterations. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with stage III to IV LA-HNC received two cycles of carboplatin/paclitaxel induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by split-course CCRT with fluorouracil, hydroxyurea, twice daily radiotherapy (FHX), and gefitinib (250 mg daily) followed by continued gefitinib for 2 years total. The primary end point was complete response (CR) rate after CCRT. EGFR gene copy number was assessed by fluorescent in situ hybridization. RESULTS Sixty-nine patients (66 with stage IV disease, 37 with oropharynx primary tumors, and 67 with performance status 0 to 1) were enrolled with a median age of 55 years. Predominant grade 3 or 4 toxicities during IC and CCRT were neutropenia (n = 20) and in-field mucositis (n = 59) and dermatitis (n = 23), respectively. CR rate after CCRT was 90%. After median follow-up of 3.5 years, 4-year overall, progression-free, and disease-specific survival rates were 74%, 72%, and 89%, respectively. To date, one patient has developed a second primary tumor in the aerodigestive tract. In 31 patients with available tissue, high EGFR gene copy number was associated with worse overall survival (P = .02). CONCLUSION Gefitinib can be administered with FHX and as maintenance therapy for at least 2 years, demonstrating CR and survival rates that compare favorably with prior experience. High EGFR gene copy number may be associated with poor outcome in patients with LA-HNC treated with this regimen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ezra E W Cohen
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Stenson KM, Kunnavakkam R, Cohen EEW, Portugal LD, Blair E, Haraf DJ, Salama J, Vokes EE. Chemoradiation for patients with advanced oral cavity cancer. Laryngoscope 2010; 120:93-9. [PMID: 19856305 DOI: 10.1002/lary.20716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Patients with advanced oral cavity cancer (OCC) typically have not been enrolled in clinical trials utilizing contemporary multimodality strategies. There exist dogmatic expectations of inferior outcome in OCC patients secondary to ineffectiveness of treatment and unacceptable toxicity. The purpose of this study was to analyze survival, swallowing function, and incidence of osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of patients with stage III/IV OCC who have undergone primary concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CRT). METHODS All advanced OCC patients who were enrolled in University of Chicago concomitant CRT protocols from 1994 to 2008 were reviewed. One hundred eleven newly diagnosed advanced OCC patients were evaluated. We performed a subset analysis of 27 additional advanced OCC patients who underwent surgery followed by postoperative CRT. Swallowing function was assessed via oropharyngeal motility study, and a Swallowing Performance Status Scale score was assigned. Presence of clinically significant ORN was documented. RESULTS Median follow-up was 3.25 years. Five-year overall and progression-free survival was 66.9% and 65.9%, respectively. There was no difference in overall or progression-free survival when the surgery-first group was compared with the primary CRT group (P = .88 and P = .86 respectively). Function, without gastric tube requirement, was excellent, with 92.2% of patients able to maintain weight via oral route. Incidence of ORN was 18.4%, occurring in nine of 49 patients evaluated. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the use of primary CRT as a viable treatment option for patients with advanced OCC. Survival is high, and overall function for the majority of patients is satisfactory. Patients with T4 oral tongue cancer may be spared total glossectomy. The incidence of ORN may be considered acceptable, in light of the benefits of enduring life and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin M Stenson
- Section of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
|
29
|
Langerman A, Comstock R, Konda S, Abramovitch A, Kasza K, Vokes EE, Stenson KM. Neck Dissection Planning Based on Postchemoradiation Computed Tomography in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 135:876-80. [DOI: 10.1001/archoto.2009.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
30
|
Salama JK, Stenson KM, List MA, Mell LK, Maccracken E, Cohen EE, Blair E, Vokes EE, Haraf DJ. Characteristics associated with swallowing changes after concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 134:1060-5. [PMID: 18936351 DOI: 10.1001/archotol.134.10.1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define factors that acutely influenced swallowing function prior to and during concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy. DESIGN A summary score from 1 to 7 (the swallowing performance status scale [SPS]) of oral and pharyngeal impairment, aspiration, and diet, was assigned to each patient study by a single senior speech and swallow pathologist, with higher scores indicating worse swallowing. Generalized linear regression models were formulated to asses the effects of patient factors (performance status, smoking intensity, amount of alcohol ingestion, and age), tumor factors (primary site, T stage, and N stage), and treatment-related factors (radiation dose, use of intensity-modulated radiation therapy, response to induction chemotherapy, postchemoradiotherapy neck dissection, and preprotocol surgery) on the differences between SPS score before and after treatment. SETTING University hospital tertiary care referral center. PATIENTS The study included 95 patients treated under a multiple institution, phase 2 protocol who underwent a videofluorographic oropharyngeal motility (OPM) study to assess swallowing function prior to and within 1 to 2 months after the completion of concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Factors associated with swallowing changes after chemoradiotherapy. RESULTS The mean pretreatment and posttreatment OPM scores were 3.09 and 3.77, respectively. Patients with T3 or T4 tumors (odds ratio [OR], 0.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15-0.95; P = .04) and a performance status of 1 or 2 (OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.15-0.91; P = .03) were less likely to have worsening of swallowing after chemoradiotherapy. There was a trend for worse swallowing with increasing age (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.99-1.09; P = .08). Only T stage (T3 or T4) was associated with improved swallowing after treatment (OR, 8.96; 95% CI, 1.9-41.5; P < .001). CONCLUSION In patients undergoing concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy, improved swallowing function over baseline is associated with advanced T stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph K Salama
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, 5758 S Maryland Ave, MC 9006, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Knab BR, Salama JK, Solanki A, Stenson KM, Cohen EE, Witt ME, Haraf DJ, Vokes EE. Functional organ preservation with definitive chemoradiotherapy for T4 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2008; 19:1650-4. [PMID: 18467314 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdn173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Randomized trials established chemoradiotherapy as standard treatment for advanced laryngeal cancer. Patients with large-volume T4 disease (LVT4) were excluded from these trials. The purpose of this study was to report T4 laryngeal cancer patient outcome, including those with LVT4 disease, treated with chemoradiotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study is a retrospective subset analysis of 32 patients with T4 laryngeal carcinoma including LVT4 tumors treated on three consecutive protocols investigating paclitaxel (Taxol), 5-fluorouracil, hydroxyurea, and 1.5-Gy twice daily (BID) radiotherapy (TFHX). RESULTS Median follow-up is 43 months. Four-year locoregional control (LRC), disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and laryngectomy-free survival (LFS) was 71%, 67%, 53%, and 86%, respectively. Four patients required laryngectomy for recurrent or persistent disease. Of disease-free patients with >or=1 year follow-up, 90% demonstrated normal or understandable speech. None required laryngectomy for complications. Among LVT4 patients, 4-year LRC, DFS, OS, and LFS was 71%, 65%, 56%, and 81%, respectively. Induction chemotherapy improved 4-year LRC (90% versus 46%, P = 0.03) and DFS (84% versus 42%, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Promising control and functional outcomes are achieved with TFHX for T4 laryngeal patients. LVT4 disease had outcomes similar to patients with less advanced disease treated on Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 91-11. Induction chemotherapy improved outcomes, warranting further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B R Knab
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, 5758 South Maryland Avenue, MC 9006, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Langerman A, MacCracken E, Kasza K, Haraf DJ, Vokes EE, Stenson KM. Aspiration in Chemoradiated Patients With Head and Neck Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 133:1289-95. [DOI: 10.1001/archotol.133.12.1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
33
|
Cohen EEW, Haraf DJ, List MA, Kocherginsky M, Mittal BB, Rosen F, Brockstein B, Williams R, Witt ME, Stenson KM, Kies MS, Vokes EE. High survival and organ function rates after primary chemoradiotherapy for intermediate-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck treated in a multicenter phase II trial. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24:3438-44. [PMID: 16849759 PMCID: PMC4430103 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.05.8529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with intermediate-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck traditionally have been treated with initial surgical resection followed by radiotherapy (RT) alone or chemoradiotherapy. A previous study in this patient population reported a 91% locoregional control rate and 65% overall survival (OS) rate at 5 years, with chemoradiotherapy used as primary treatment. This study was undertaken to assess whether shortening treatment duration with hyperfractionated RT would be feasible and improve locoregional control, organ preservation, and progression-free survival. METHODS Eligible patients with stage II or III disease received fluorouracil, hydroxyurea, and RT given twice daily on a week-on/week-off schedule. Quality-of-life scores were measured using three validated indexes. RESULTS All 53 patients enrolled are included in the analysis, with a median follow-up of 42 months (range, 5 to 98 months). Grade 3 or 4 in-field mucositis was observed in 77% and 9%, respectively. No patients required surgical salvage at the primary tumor site (pathological complete response rate, 100%). The 3-year progression-free and OS rates are 67% and 78%, respectively. The 3-year disease-specific mortality rate is 7%. At the time of analysis, 87% of surviving patients do not require enteral feeding support. Quality-of-life and performance assessment indicated that, although acute treatment toxicities were severe, most patients returned to pretreatment function by 12 months. CONCLUSION Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with hyperfractionated RT is feasible in this patient population and yields high local control and cure rates. Compared with our historical control using once-daily fractionation, hyperfractionation is accompanied by increased acute in-field toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ezra E W Cohen
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Milano MT, Vokes EE, Kao J, Jackson W, List MA, Stenson KM, Witt ME, Dekker A, MacCracken E, Garofalo MC, Chmura SJ, Weichselbaum RR, Haraf DJ. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy in advanced head and neck patients treated with intensive chemoradiotherapy: preliminary experience and future directions. Int J Oncol 2006; 28:1141-51. [PMID: 16596230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We review our recent experience with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and conventional three-dimensional radiation therapy (C3DRT) in advanced head and neck cancer. Sixty-nine patients with Stage IV head and neck cancer (and stage III base of tongue and hypopharynx) enrolled in a Phase II study of definitive chemoradiation; 20 received all or part of their radiation with IMRT. Image-guided set-up, using video subtraction techniques, was used in all patients. Six weekly doses of induction carboplatin (AUC=2) and paclitaxel (135 mg/m2) were followed by alternating weekly chemoradiation to 75 Gy with 1.5 Gy BID fractions, concurrent with paclitaxel (100 mg/m2/week), 5-fluorouracil (600 mg/m2/d) and hydroxyurea (500 mg PO BID). Two consecutive cohorts enrolled, differing in radiation scheme: 75 Gy to gross disease in both, 60 or 54 Gy to first echelon lymphatics and 45 or 39 Gy to second echelon lymphatics. With a median follow-up of 47 months, 3-year overall survival is 68.5% and 3-year locoregional control is 94.0%, with no significant differences between those treated with C3DRT versus IMRT, nor between the two radiation dosing schemes. Actuarial overall survival without tracheostomy or laryngectomy, or without a gastrostomy tube was also similar. Acute mucositis, dermatitis and pain were similar with C3DRT and IMRT. Preliminary data suggests IMRT is well tolerated, and does not compromise locoregional control, indicating that IMRT adequately covers the clinical volume at risk. Building on the present clinical experience, future directions include more directed efforts at reducing toxicity, with better planning software and planning techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Milano
- Department of Cellular and Radiation Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The increasing prominence of multimodality therapy for patients with advanced head and neck cancer reflects its high survival and functional preservation rates. We report the pathologic data on patients undergoing neck dissection (ND) after induction chemotherapy followed by concomitant chemoradiotherapy (IC-CRT) in three similar protocols utilizing decreasing doses of radiation therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The databases of 221 patients who underwent IC-CRT between 1999 and 2002 were reviewed. Based on posttreatment residual or pretreatment N2a or greater neck disease, 73 patients without pretreatment neck surgery were eligible for analysis (1 N1, 3 N2a, 26 N2b, 20 N2c, 23 N3). Three additional subgroups were also analyzed with respect to outcome: Undissected patients with less than N2 disease, patients who had neck surgery prior to IC-CRT, and patients with N2a or greater neck disease who did not have post-IC-CRT ND. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective analysis. RESULTS Sixty-seven patients underwent unilateral or bilateral selective neck dissection. Six patients had modified or radical ND. There were no wound healing complications. Pathologic analysis revealed viable cancer in 15 of 73 patients (20.5%): 1 had N1, 3 had N2b, 4 had N2c, and 7 had N3 neck disease. The incidence of viable cancer in the neck dissection specimen increased as radiation dose decreased. Complete response induction chemotherapy predicted negative pathology (P = .003). In the subgroup analysis, patients who had pretreatment surgery had a lower risk of dying from the primary cancer CONCLUSIONS 1) The incidence of positive pathology after IC-CRT increases as radiation dose decreases. 2) Selective neck dissection after CRT has been demonstrated to be feasible and safe; the complication rate of ND after IC-CRT is acceptably low. 3) There is viable posttreatment cancer in 20.5% of patients, indicating necessity of ND in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin M Stenson
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Agarwal JP, Stenson KM, Gottlieb LJ. A Simplified Design of a Dual Island Fasciocutaneous Free Flap for Simultaneous Pharyngoesophageal and Anterior Neck Reconstruction. J Reconstr Microsurg 2006; 22:105-12. [PMID: 16456770 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-932504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Reconstruction of the pharyngoesophagus and pharynx can be especially challenging in patients with prior irradiation, recurrent disease, and compromised or deficient anterior neck skin. The authors report their experience with seven patients who underwent pharyngoesophageal reconstruction with a new flap design that addresses both the concerns of monitoring the internal skin tube and replacing the external neck skin with one flap. This design has two skin islands, one that is tubed and the other left flat. The authors call this design "the paddle flap" because together its two components resemble a paddle. The tubed portion resembles the "handle" of a paddle that is used for esophageal reconstruction, and the cutaneous paddle is then folded over the "handle" to provide external skin. The external skin portion of the flap not only provides an external monitoring segment but releases tension on the neck apron incision and may replace compromised native neck skin. The length of esophageal defects ranged from 4 to 11 cm and the anterior cervical skin requirements ranged from 4 x 2 cm to 10 x 12 cm. Follow-up has been between 18 months and 4 years. There were no partial or complete flap losses. All patients are currently tolerating an oral diet. There was one case of partial donor-site skin graft loss which was treated with re-grafting. There were two cases of stricture formation which were treated successfully with neo-esophageal dilatation. This new simple, versatile design of a cutaneous free flap addresses both concerns of monitoring the internal skin tube and dealing with compromised overlying skin in patients undergoing pharyngoesophageal reconstruction. The paddle flap design can be utilized with any thin cutaneous free flap and may offer an advantage when an external monitor is desired and anterior neck skin requires supplementation or replacement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayant P Agarwal
- Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Milano MT, Vokes EE, Salama JK, Stenson KM, Kao J, Witt ME, Mittal BB, Argiris A, Weichselbaum RR, Haraf DJ. Twice-daily reirradiation for recurrent and second primary head-and-neck cancer with gemcitabine, paclitaxel, and 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005; 61:1096-106. [PMID: 15752889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2004.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2004] [Revised: 07/30/2004] [Accepted: 08/06/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously demonstrated the efficacy of concurrent gemcitabine, paclitaxel, and 5-fluorouracil in conjunction with twice-daily (1.5-Gy) radiotherapy delivered on alternating weeks (TFGX(2)) in locally advanced head-and-neck cancer. Here, we report the clinical outcome and late toxicity of TFGX(2) in a subset of patients previously irradiated to the head and neck. METHODS AND MATERIALS Twenty-nine previously irradiated patients, presenting with recurrent or second primary head-and-neck cancer, underwent TFGX(2). Twelve patients underwent attempted surgical resection before chemoradiotherapy, 10 of whom were left with no measurable disease. Patients with measurable disease received a median radiation dose of 72 Gy; those with no measurable disease received a median dose of 61 Gy. The cumulative dose ranged from 74.4 to 156.4 Gy (mean, 125.7 Gy; median, 131.0 Gy). RESULTS The median follow-up was 19.1 months (50.9 months for living patients). The 5-year overall survival rate was 34.5%, and the locoregional control rate was 54.5%. In patients with measurable disease at treatment, the 5-year overall survival and locoregional control rate was 26.3% and 45.1%, respectively, compared with 50.0% (p = 0.14) and 70% (p = 0.31), respectively, for those with no measurable disease. Measurable disease and radiation dose were highly statistically significant for overall survival and locoregional control on multivariate analysis. Of 14 patients assessable for late toxicity, 3 developed Grade 4-5, 8 Grade 2-3, and 3 Grade 0-1 toxicity. CONCLUSION Aggressive reirradiation with chemotherapy in locally advanced head-and-neck cancer provides a chance for long-term cure at the expense of toxicity. Attempted surgical resection before chemoradiotherapy improved disease control and survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Milano
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC 9006, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Milano MT, Haraf DJ, Stenson KM, Witt ME, Eng C, Mittal BB, Argiris A, Pelzer H, Kozloff MF, Vokes EE. Phase I study of concomitant chemoradiotherapy with paclitaxel, fluorouracil, gemcitabine, and twice-daily radiation in patients with poor-prognosis cancer of the head and neck. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 10:4922-32. [PMID: 15297392 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-03-0634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously demonstrated high locoregional control, in patients with poor-prognosis head and neck cancer (HNC), using paclitaxel, 5-fluorouracil, hydroxyurea, and concomitant hyperfractionated radiotherapy. In the present phase I trial, gemcitabine, a novel antimetabolite with strong radiation-enhancing activity, replaces hydroxyurea. We sought to determine the recommended phase II dose and clinical efficacy in poor-prognosis HNC patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Seventy-two patients enrolled. Eligibility criteria included recurrent or second primary HNC, metastases or expected 2-year survival <20%. Chemoradiotherapy consisted of 5-fluorouracil, 600 mg/m(2)/d, for 5 days; paclitaxel, 100 mg/m(2) on Day 1; and concurrent 1.5 Gy twice-daily radiation for 5 days. Gemcitabine was dose escalated, 50-300 mg/m(2) on day 1. Cycles repeated every 14 days until the completion of chemoradiation. Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) included: neutropenic fever; grade > or =4 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia for >4 days; grade > or =4 mucositis or dermatitis for >7 days; or grade 3 toxicity necessitating chemotherapy dose reductions. Non-DLT dose reductions in 5-fluorouracil and/or paclitaxel were allowed. RESULTS Seventy-nine percent of assessable patients experienced a clinical response. Five-year actuarial survival is 33.0%, and locoregional control is 61.4%. The recommended phase II dose of gemcitabine in this regimen is 100 mg/m(2) during cycles 1-5 (1 of 7 patients with DLT) or 200 mg/m(2) delivered only during cycles 3-5 (3 of 19 with DLT). Grades 3 and 4 mucositis (56 and 21%, respectively) and dermatitis (25 and 21%, respectively) were common. CONCLUSIONS Gemcitabine, 5-fluorouracil, paclitaxel, and twice-daily radiation, delivered on alternating weeks, is active in patients with poor-prognosis HNC, although severe mucositis limits the clinical applicability of this regimen. Refinements in radiotherapy, including intensity-modulated radiation therapy, may improve the tolerance for this regimen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Milano
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Argiris A, Brockstein BE, Haraf DJ, Stenson KM, Mittal BB, Kies MS, Rosen FR, Jovanovic B, Vokes EE. Competing causes of death and second primary tumors in patients with locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10:1956-62. [PMID: 15041712 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-03-1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate the emergence of second primary malignancies and the contribution of different causes of death to the outcome of patients with locoregionally advanced head and cancer receiving primary chemoradiotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We studied 324 patients with stage IV squamous cell head and neck cancer who were enrolled on five consecutive multicenter Phase II studies of concurrent chemoradiotherapy. All of the regimens included concurrent 5-fluorouracil and hydroxyurea on an alternate week schedule with radiotherapy, either alone (FHX) or with cisplatin (C-FHX) or paclitaxel (T-FHX). The cumulative incidence of second primary tumors or death from any cause was estimated using methods of competing risk analysis. RESULTS Median follow-up of surviving patients was 5.2 years (2-10.6 years). The 5-year overall survival and progression-free survival of the cohort were 46% and 65%, respectively. Causes of death and median time of occurrence were as follows: disease (n = 88; 1.5 years), treatment-associated acute or late complications (n = 30; 4 months), second primary tumors (n = 18; 3.5 years), comorbidities (n = 41; 1.9 years), and unknown (n = 20; 5.1 years). Predominant causes of death from comorbidities were cardiac and respiratory illnesses. Twenty-six patients (8%) developed a second primary tumor at a median time of 2.8 years (4 months to 10 years). The cumulative incidence of second primary tumors was 5%, 7%, and 13% at 3, 5, and 10 years, respectively. The most frequent site of second primaries was the lung (n = 13), followed by the esophagus (n = 3) and head and neck (n = 2) CONCLUSIONS Patients with locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy are potentially curable but face significant risks of mortality from causes other than disease progression. Ameliorating toxicity, and implementing secondary screening and chemoprevention strategies are major goals in the management of head and neck cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athanassios Argiris
- The Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Argiris A, Stenson KM, Brockstein BE, Mittal BB, Pelzer H, Kies MS, Jayaram P, Portugal L, Wenig BL, Rosen FR, Haraf DJ, Vokes EE. Neck dissection in the combined-modality therapy of patients with locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer. Head Neck 2004; 26:447-55. [PMID: 15122662 DOI: 10.1002/hed.10394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of neck lymph node (ND) in the combined dissection modality therapy for locoregionally advanced head and neck. METHODS We identified patients with N2-N3 head and neck cancers who were enrolled in three consecutive multicenter phase II studies of concurrent chemoradiotherapy utilizing 5-fluorouracil and hydroxyurea on an alternate-week schedule with radiotherapy twice daily plus either cisplatin (C-FHX) or paclitaxel (T-FHX). Patients with unknown primary tumors, nasopharyngeal or paranasal sinus primaries, nonsquamous histology, progression or death during therapy, or incomplete therapy were excluded. RESULTS A total of 131 patients were analyzed. Seventy-nine percent had N2 stage. ND was performed in 92 patients (70%), either prior to enrollment (n = 31) or after chemoradiotherapy (n = 61). With a median follow-up of 4.6 years, the 5-year locoregional and neck progression-free survival (PFS) rates were higher in patients with ND versus patients without ND: 88% versus 74% (p =.02) and 99% versus 82% (p =.0007). respectively; there was also a trend toward improved overall survival (OS) with ND, but PFS and distant PFS were comparable. In the subset of patients with N3 disease, ND was associated not only with better locoregional control but also with improved distant PFS. However, in patients with clinical complete response (n = 92), no significant differences in PFS (68% vs 75% at 5 years, p =.53) or any other survival parameters with or without ND were observed. CONCLUSIONS ND improves neck control and is required for patients with clinically residual disease or N3 neck cancer but has no significant impact on the outcome of patients with N2 stage disease who are rendered clinically disease-free with intensive concurrent chemoradiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athanassios Argiris
- The Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Brockstein B, Haraf DJ, Rademaker AW, Kies MS, Stenson KM, Rosen F, Mittal BB, Pelzer H, Fung BB, Witt ME, Wenig B, Portugal L, Weichselbaum RW, Vokes EE. Patterns of failure, prognostic factors and survival in locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer treated with concomitant chemoradiotherapy: a 9-year, 337-patient, multi-institutional experience. Ann Oncol 2004; 15:1179-86. [PMID: 15277256 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdh308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Locoregionally advanced, stage IV head and neck cancer has traditionally carried a poor prognosis. We sought to assess changes in patterns of failure, prognostic factors for recurrence, and overall outcome, using two different strategies of chemoradiotherapy conducted in prospective, multi-institutional phase II trials. PATIENTS AND METHODS Three hundred and thirty-seven stage IV patients were treated from 1989 to 1998. We compared locoregional and distant recurrence rates, overall survival and progression-free survival from two different treatment strategies: intensive induction chemotherapy followed by split-course chemoradiotherapy (type 1, n=127), or intensified, split-course, hyperfractionated multiagent chemoradiotherapy alone (type 2, n=210). Univariate and multivariate analyses of 12 chosen covariates were assessed separately for the two study types. RESULTS The pattern of failure varied greatly between study types 1 and 2 (5-year locoregional failure of 31% and 17% for study types 1 and 2, respectively, P=0.01; 5-year distant failure rate of 13% and 22% for study types 1 and 2, P=0.03). Combined 5-year overall survival was 47% [95% confidence interval (CI) 41% to 53%) and progression-free survival was 60% (95% CI 55% to 66%). Both treatment strategies yielded similar survival rates. Poor overall survival and distant recurrence were best predicted by advanced nodal stage. Locoregional recurrence was extremely rare for patients with T0-T3 tumor stage, regardless of lymph-node stage. CONCLUSIONS This analysis suggests that pattern of failure in primary head and neck cancer may be dependent upon treatment strategy. Randomized clinical trials of induction chemotherapy are warranted as a means to determine if a decrease in distant metastases can lead to an increase in survival rates in the setting of effective chemoradiotherapy for locoregional control. Additionally, this analysis provides impetus for randomized clinical trials of organ preservation chemoradiotherapy in sites outside the larynx and hypopharynx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Brockstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Evanston, IL 60201, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Affiliation(s)
- Everett E Vokes
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lamont EB, Hayreh D, Pickett KE, Dignam JJ, List MA, Stenson KM, Haraf DJ, Brockstein BE, Sellergren SA, Vokes EE. Is patient travel distance associated with survival on phase II clinical trials in oncology? J Natl Cancer Inst 2003; 95:1370-5. [PMID: 13130112 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djg035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior research has suggested that patients who travel out of their neighborhood for elective care from specialized medical centers may have better outcomes than local patients with the same illnesses who are treated at the same centers. We hypothesized that this phenomenon, often called "referral bias" or "distance bias," may also be evident in curative-intent cancer trials at specialized cancer centers. METHODS We evaluated associations between overall survival and progression-free survival and the distance from the patient residence to the treating institution for 110 patients treated on one of four phase II curative-intent chemoradiotherapy protocols for locoregionally advanced squamous cell cancer of the head and neck conducted at the University of Chicago over 7 years. RESULTS Using Cox regression that adjusted for standard patient-level disease and demographic factors and neighborhood-level economic factors, we found a positive association between the distance patients traveled from their residence to the treatment center and survival. Patients who lived more than 15 miles from the treating institution had only one-third the hazard of death of those living closer (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.12 to 0.84). Moreover, with every 10 miles that a patient traveled for care, the hazard of death decreased by 3.2% (HR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.94 to 0.99). Similar results were obtained for progression-free survival. CONCLUSION Results of phase II curative-intent clinical trials in oncology that are conducted at specialized cancer centers may be confounded by patient travel distance, which captures prognostic significance beyond cancer stage, performance status, and wealth. More work is needed to determine what unmeasured factors travel distance is mediating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B Lamont
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mucha SM, Stenson KM, Recant W, Naclerio RM. Radiology quiz case 2. Verrucous carcinoma of the maxillary antrum. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003; 129:259, 260-1. [PMID: 12578465 DOI: 10.1001/archotol.129.2.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
45
|
Stenson KM, Haraf DJ, Pelzer H, Recant W, Kies MS, Weichselbaum RR, Vokes EE. The role of cervical lymphadenectomy after aggressive concomitant chemoradiotherapy: the feasibility of selective neck dissection. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000; 126:950-6. [PMID: 10922226 DOI: 10.1001/archotol.126.8.950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the necessity, technical feasibility, and complication rate of neck dissection performed on patients with head and neck cancer after 5 cycles of concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and to justify a selective neck dissection (SND) approach and define the optimal timing of post-CRT neck dissection. DESIGN AND SETTING Retrospective analysis in an academic university medical center. PATIENTS Sixty-nine eligible patients with advanced (stage III and IV) head and neck cancer who have undergone 1 of 4 CRT protocols. Patients ranged in age from 36 to 75 years, and surgical procedures were performed over a 4-year period. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 64 months. INTERVENTION Neck dissection (most commonly unilateral SND) performed within 5 to 17 weeks after CRT completion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Complication rate and incidence of positive pathology (viable cancer) in pathologic neck dissection specimens. RESULTS Seven (10%) of 69 patients developed wound healing complications, 4 (6%) of whom required surgical intervention for ultimate closure. There were no wound infections. Other complications occurred in 11 (16%) of 69 patients and included need for tracheotomy, nerve transection and paresis, and permanent hypocalcemia. Twenty-four (35%) of 69 patients revealed microscopic residual disease. Ten (50%) of 20 patients with N3 neck disease had positive pathology, whereas 14 (36%) of 39 patients with N2 disease had viable carcinoma in the dissection specimen (P =.09 by chi(2) analysis). There was no significant relation between radiologic complete response or partial response and residual microscopic cancer. In 1 patient, disease recurred in the neck after dissection. Mean follow-up time was 30.3 months. CONCLUSIONS (1) Neck dissection for patients with N2 or greater neck disease after CRT is necessary to eradicate residual disease. (2) The complication rate of SND after CRT with hyperfractionated radiotherapy is low. (3) SNDs are technically feasible when performed within the "window" between the acute and chronic CRT injury (4-12 weeks). (4) SNDs, rather than more radical procedures, appear to be therapeutically appropriate in this group of patients because of the low incidence of disease recurrence in the neck.
Collapse
|
46
|
Stenson KM, MacCracken E, List M, Haraf DJ, Brockstein B, Weichselbaum R, Vokes EE. Swallowing function in patients with head and neck cancer prior to treatment. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000; 126:371-7. [PMID: 10722011 DOI: 10.1001/archotol.126.3.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define the site-specific swallowing dysfunctions of patients with head and neck cancer with respect to tumor site and stage by, videofluoroscopic oropharyngeal motility (OPM) study prior to initiation of treatment. DESIGN Retrospective survey. SETTING Academic university institution. PATIENTS A consecutive sample of 79 patients with stage III or IV head and neck cancer without prior treatment or tracheotomy. Patients were divided into groups according to tumor site: oral cavity (n = 7), oropharynx (n = 27), larynx (n = 24), and hypopharynx (n = 10). Patients with sinonasal, nasopharyngeal, and unknown primary carcinomas served as the comparison group (n = 11). INTERVENTION All patients underwent OPM study prior to treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Parameters of swallowing function, including oral impairment, pharyngeal impairment, cervical esophageal impairment, aspiration, and Swallowing Performance Status Scale (SPSS) score (a global measure of swallowing function) were extracted from the pretreatment OPM study and analyzed with reference to tumor site, T stage, and overall stage. The relations between tumor site and area or degree of dysfunction, and between stage of disease and area or degree of dysfunction were analyzed using chi2 and Fisher exact tests. RESULTS Aspiration status, cervical esophageal impairment, and pharyngeal impairment examined as a function of disease site showed statistically significant differences between groups, with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal sites revealing the most severe dysfunctions. The SPSS score did not correlate with tumor site, T stage, or overall stage. Other OPM parameters analyzed as a function of T stage and overall stage revealed no consistent patterns. CONCLUSIONS Hypopharyngeal and laryngeal disease sites have a high degree of pretreatment functional impairment. The SPSS score is a good global measure of swallowing dysfunction. In addition, significant site-specific dysfunctions are found when the OPM study is analyzed via its separate parameters. It is therefore critical that posttreatment function is compared with baseline pretreatment dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K M Stenson
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Ill 60637, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is generally known that radiation dose is enhanced in front of and reduced behind metallic plates. This study evaluates metallic, ceramic, and bioabsorbable facial-reconstruction materials for their differential effects on radiation dosimetry. METHODS Commercially pure titanium (cpt), stainless steel (steel), titanium alloy (tia), hydroxyapatite (HA), and poly-L-lactide (PLA, a bioabsorbable polymer) were obtained for this study. The radiation doses distal (behind) and proximal (in front of) to the test material were measured with an ionization chamber placed at several distances from the test material. Therefore, transmission (proximal to plate) and backscattering (distal to plate) factors were generated at several distances for each material. RESULTS Poly-L-lactide transmitted nearly 100% of the incident radiation beam. The metals had the greatest effect on transmission with steel, followed by cpt, tia, and HA showing the greatest reduction of incident beam. Poly-L-lactide revealed minimal backscattering. Greater backscatter of the incident radiation beam was seen from steel, followed by cpt and HA. Poly-L-lactide also behaved similar to water in transmission and backscatters properties during electron irradiation. CONCLUSIONS Poly-L-lactide has a minimal effect on the radiation-dose distribution and may be beneficial as a reconstructive device for patients undergoing head and neck cancer radiotherapy. Hydroxyapatite showed a relatively minor effect, whereas the metals (steel, followed by cpt and tia) revealed the greatest detrimental effect on the radiation-dose distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K M Stenson
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
McAlpin CM, Stenson KM, DeMay RM. Pathologic quiz case 2. Teflon granuloma. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997; 123:231, 233. [PMID: 9046297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
49
|
Abstract
1. The most common site of ENL is the head and neck, with Waldeyer's ring and specifically, the tonsil, standing as the most frequent area of involvement. Most patients have intermediate or high-grade histologies. 2. Patients present with identical signs and symptoms as squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, underscoring the importance of a thorough otolaryngological examination. 3. Biopsy samples should be submitted as fresh and permanent samples specifically labeled for lymphoma evaluation. 4. A thorough and timely staging work-up should be conducted once a positive biopsy diagnosis is obtained. 5. Treatment consists of radiation and/or chemotherapy. Prognosis depends on histology, stage, and site of lesion. Newer treatment strategies may lead to improved survival for patients with head and neck NHL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K M Stenson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Hospitals, Ann Arbor, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Affiliation(s)
- J M DelGaudio
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|