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Bekaroğlu E, Bulut BP, Demirbaş H. Reliability and validity of the Suicide Cognitions Scale-Revised (SCS-R) in emerging adulthood in Turkey. DEATH STUDIES 2024; 48:500-510. [PMID: 37516976 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2023.2240742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) are a significant public health problem. This study aims to examine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Suicide Cognitions Scale-Revised (SCS-R). Participants (N = 442, age range: 18-29 years) completed the SCS-R, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Inventory of Statements About Self-injury, the Suicide Probability Scale, and the Suicide Rumination Scale. Principal component analysis showed that the SCS-R consisted of a single factor and that the SCS-R could differentiate between participants at high risk and low risk of suicide. High-to-moderate positive associations were found between the measures of depression, suicide probability, suicide rumination, and non-suicidal self-injury and suicide cognition. The Turkish version of the SCS-R has good psychometric properties. This scale can be used to screen for cognitive patterns that are most prone to suicide and to manage such cognitive characteristics, which are important steps for preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Bekaroğlu
- Department of Psychology, Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burcu Pınar Bulut
- Department of Psychology, Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hatice Demirbaş
- Department of Psychology, Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University, Ankara, Turkey
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2
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Santos HGBD, Nespoli AM, Marcon SR, Espinosa MM, Faria JS. Attitudes towards suicidal behavior: the effect of an educational intervention on university professors. Rev Gaucha Enferm 2022; 43:e20210192. [PMID: 35976382 DOI: 10.1590/1983-1447.2022.20210192.en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the effect of an educational intervention on the attitudes of university professors towards suicidal behavior. METHODS Experimental study, which carried out an educational intervention with 100 university professors, divided into two groups, control and intervention, developed in three moments, pre-assessment, intervention, and post-assessment, using the Eskin's Attitudes Towards Suicide Scale (E-ATSS). Comparisons before and after intervention in the same group were performed using the paired t-test for dependent samples and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, and for comparisons between groups the paired t-test for independent samples and the Mann-Whitney U test were used, the significance level adopted was p < 0.05. RESULTS There was a change in the attitude of professors in the two domains of the suicide scale such as mental illness (p<0.001) and punishment after death (p<0.001) whose attitudes were negative in the pre-assessment phase. For the control group, no changes were observed. CONCLUSION The educational intervention promoted positive changes in attitudes, with a significant change evaluated at the end of the intervention in the domains: suicide as mental illness and punishment after death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Milani Nespoli
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Faculdade de Enfermagem. Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil
| | - Samira Reschetti Marcon
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Faculdade de Enfermagem. Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil
| | | | - Jesiele Spindler Faria
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Faculdade de Enfermagem. Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil
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3
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Eskin M, Baydar N, Moosa Khan M, El-Nayal M, Hamdan M, Al Buhairan F, Mechri A, Abdel-Khalek AM, Rezaeian M, Harlak H, Isayeva U, Noor IM, Khan A, Khader Y, Al Sayyari A, Khader A, Behzadi B, Öztürk CŞ, Hendarmin LA, Asad N, Khatib S. Are Nonfatal Suicide Attempts Instrumental in Achieving Personal and Interpersonal Goals? Behav Ther 2022; 53:725-737. [PMID: 35697434 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on the well-being of the survivors of suicide attempts and the well-being of their interpersonal relationships after the attempt. The data came from a sample of 392 college students from 10 Muslim majority countries who reported having attempted suicide in the last 4 years. Suicide was conceptualized as a goal-directed behavior embedded in a sociocultural context and motivated by personal or interpersonal goals. We tested a process that linked culturally shaped self-construal to the postsuicidal personal and interpersonal well-being. We posited that this process would operate through the attitudes towards suicide, motives for suicide, the strength of the intention to die. Our model indicated that the acceptability of suicide was positively associated with escape motives, and this association was even stronger for the individuals with interdependent self-construals. Escape motives were negatively associated with postsuicidal personal and interpersonal well-being, but communication motives were not associated with these outcomes. We also found evidence that having an interdependent self-construal might be beneficial for postsuicidal personal and interpersonal well-being. Our results further suggested that the postsuicidal personal and interpersonal well-being of highly interdependent individuals may depend on the interpretation of their act of suicide by their close others.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anwar Mechri
- University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aqeel Khan
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities
| | | | - Alaa Al Sayyari
- The Center for Health Research Studies, Saudi Health Council, Riyadh; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center / King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Population Health Research Section-Hospital-MNGHA, Riyadh
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4
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Eskin M, Köskün T, Harlak H. Beliefs about suicide prevention by excluding the phenomenon versus the person: The role of cultural orientation, attitudes towards suicide, and social reactions to suicidal persons in Turkish university students. Scand J Psychol 2022; 63:83-90. [PMID: 35028943 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Eskin
- Department of Psychology, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tolga Köskün
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Hacer Harlak
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
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5
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Santos HGBD, Nespoli AM, Marcon SR, Espinosa MM, Faria JS. Atitudes frente ao comportamento suicida: o efeito de uma intervenção educativa em docentes universitários. Rev Gaucha Enferm 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1983-1447.2022.20210192.pt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o efeito de uma intervenção educativa nas atitudes de docentes universitários frente ao comportamento suicida. Métodos: Estudo experimental, que realizou uma intervenção educativa com 100 docentes universitários, divididos em dois grupos, controle e intervenção, desenvolvido em três momentos, a pré-avaliação, intervenção e pós avaliação, utilizando a Escala Eskin de Atitudes em Relação ao Suicídio (E-ATSS). As comparações pré e pós-intervenção no mesmo grupo foram realizadas a partir do Teste t pareado para amostras dependentes e Teste de Postos com Sinais de Wilcoxon, e para comparações entre os grupos utilizou-se o Teste t pareado para amostras independentes e Teste U-Mann Whitney, nível de significância adotado foi de p < 0,05. Resultados: Observou-se mudança de atitude dos docentes nos dois domínios da escala suicídio como doença mental (p< 0,001) e punição após a morte (p< 0,001) cujas atitudes eram negativas na fase pré-avaliação. Para o grupo controle não foram evidenciadas modificações. Conclusão: A intervenção educativa promoveu mudanças positivas de atitudes, com significativa alteração avaliada ao final da intervenção nos domínios: suicídio como doença mental e punição após a morte.
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Influence of coping strategies on the efficacy of YAM (Youth Aware of Mental Health): a universal school-based suicide preventive program. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 29:1671-1681. [PMID: 32025960 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01476-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The school-based mental health promotion and suicide prevention universal program Youth Aware of Mental Health (YAM) significantly reduces incident suicide attempts and severe suicidal ideation. This paper aims at elucidating psychological mechanisms underlying YAM's efficacy. Our hypothesis is that YAM operates through interactions with coping strategies (CS) on the reduction of suicidal ideation (SI). In the Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe (SEYLE) study, five coping strategies were assessed at baseline (T0) and 12-month follow-up (T12): "learning", "help-seeking", "arts", "sports" and "fight". We analyzed interactions between the YAM intervention, coping strategies and SI in the YAM group (N = 1693) and the minimal intervention group (N = 1909), after excluding prevalent cases with SI and previous suicide attempts from our total sample (N = 5654). General Linear Mixed Model regressions were performed. The present study confirms that coping strategies play an influential role on suicidal ideation. Our results showed that YAM acts whatever the prevailing coping strategies used. It is particularly efficient for pupils insufficiently using adaptive coping strategies such as LEARN and HELP-SEEKING or using maladaptive coping strategies, such as ARTS and FIGHT. The socialization induced by the YAM intervention seems to be a strong component of its efficiency.
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7
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Colucci E, Lester D. A cross-cultural study of attitudes toward suicide among young people in India, Italy and Australia. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2020; 66:700-706. [PMID: 32552260 DOI: 10.1177/0020764020926551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An understanding of the cultural aspects of suicidal behavior is essential for the development of culturally appropriate suicide prevention and intervention strategies. AIMS This study explored the attitudes toward youth suicide in 686 Italian, Indian and Australian undergraduate students (18-24 years old). METHOD A 21-item suicide attitude inventory titled Attitude towards Youth Suicide (AtYS) scale, included in this paper, was used in the three samples. RESULTS Four factors were extracted, labeled negative attitudes toward suicide, belief that suicide was not preventable, suicide as acceptable and normal, and the existence of risk signs for suicide. Country differences were found for all four subscales, with Indian students having the most negative attitudes toward suicide. Sex differences were found in all three countries with women, on the whole, having less negative attitudes toward suicide, more belief in the preventability of suicide in India and more belief in risk signs for suicide in Italy. CONCLUSION Attitudes are linked to suicide in a complex manner. More quantitative and qualitative studies, including in lower-income and non-English speaking Western societies, are needed.
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8
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Associations of religiosity, attitudes towards suicide and religious coping with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in 11 muslim countries. Soc Sci Med 2020; 265:113390. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Phillips JA, Luth EA. Beliefs About Suicide Acceptability in the United States: How Do They Affect Suicide Mortality? J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2020; 75:414-425. [PMID: 29378018 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbx153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Societies develop cultural scripts to understand suicide and define conditions under which the act is acceptable. Prior empirical work suggests that such attitudes are important in understanding some forms of suicidal behavior among adolescents and high-risk populations. This study examines whether expressions of suicide acceptability under different circumstances are predictive of subsequent death by suicide in the general U.S. adult population and whether the effects differ over the life course. METHOD The study uses 1978-2010 General Social Survey data linked to the National Death Index through 2014 (n = 31,838). Cox survival models identify risk factors for suicide mortality, including attitudinal and cohort effects. RESULTS Expressions of suicide acceptability are predictive of subsequent death by suicide-in some cases associated with a twofold increase in risk. Attitudes elevate the suicide hazard among older (>55 years) adults but not among younger (ages 33-54) adults. Fully-adjusted models reveal that the effects of attitudes toward suicide acceptability on suicide mortality are strongest for social circumstances (family dishonor; bankruptcy). DISCUSSION Results point to the role of cultural factors and social attitudes in suicide. There may be utility in measuring attitudes in assessments of suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Phillips
- Department of Sociology/Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick
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10
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Eskin M, Tran US, Carta MG, Poyrazli S, Flood C, Mechri A, Shaheen A, Janghorbani M, Khader Y, Yoshimasu K, Sun JM, Kujan O, Abuidhail J, Aidoudi K, Bakhshi S, Harlak H, Moro MF, Phillips L, Hamdan M, Abuderman A, Tsuno K, Voracek M. Is Individualism Suicidogenic? Findings From a Multinational Study of Young Adults From 12 Countries. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:259. [PMID: 32308634 PMCID: PMC7145967 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The associations of individualistic versus collectivistic value orientations with suicidal ideation and attempts, attitudes towards suicide and towards suicidal individuals, and psychological distress were investigated across 12 nations (N = 5572 university students). We expected differential associations of value orientations with suicidal behavior and moderating effects of the prevailing value orientations in the various countries. Findings showed that intermediate levels of individualism appeared protective against suicide attempts across all investigated nations, but that, otherwise, there seemingly are no universal associations of individualism and collectivism with suicidal behaviors. High collectivism was associated with less suicidal ideation only in individualistic countries. Low individualism appeared to be a risk factor for suicidal ideation specifically in Muslim collectivistic cultures, whereas high individualism in Asian collectivistic cultures. Collectivistic values are uniformly associated with less permissive attitudes to suicide, whereas individualistic values with a more stigmatized view of suicidal behavior. Both individualistic and collectivistic values were associated with socially accepting attitudes to a suicidal peer, helping a suicidal friend, and emotional involvement. The associations of individualistic and collectivistic values with disapproving attitudes to suicidal disclosure were complex. Beliefs in punishment after death for suicide, seeing suicide as mental illness, and emotional involvement with a suicidal friend were lower in high-suicide-rate countries. These evidence patterns are discussed in the light of related research evidence, along with directions for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Eskin
- Department of Psychology, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ulrich S Tran
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Wiener Werkstaette for Suicide Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Senel Poyrazli
- School of Behavioral Sciences and Education, Pennsylvania State University-Harrisburg, Middletown, PA, United States
| | - Chris Flood
- School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anwar Mechri
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Amira Shaheen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Mohsen Janghorbani
- School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yousef Khader
- Department of Community Medicine, Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Kouichi Yoshimasu
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Jian-Min Sun
- Department of Management and International Business, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Omar Kujan
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Khouala Aidoudi
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Seifollah Bakhshi
- School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hacer Harlak
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Maria Francesca Moro
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Louise Phillips
- School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Motasem Hamdan
- School of Public Health, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Abdulwahab Abuderman
- College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kanami Tsuno
- School of Health Innovation, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Martin Voracek
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Wiener Werkstaette for Suicide Research, Vienna, Austria
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11
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Eskin M, Poyrazli S, Janghorbani M, Bakhshi S, Carta MG, Moro MF, Tran US, Voracek M, Mechri A, Aidoudi K, Hamdan M, Nawafleh H, Sun JM, Flood C, Phillips L, Yoshimasu K, Tsuno K, Kujan O, Harlak H, Khader Y, Shaheen A, Taifour S. The Role of Religion in Suicidal Behavior, Attitudes and Psychological Distress Among University Students: A Multinational Study. Transcult Psychiatry 2019; 56:853-877. [PMID: 30734653 DOI: 10.1177/1363461518823933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the associations between religion, suicidal behavior, attitudes and psychological distress in 5572 students from 12 countries by means of a self-report questionnaire. Our results showed that an affiliation with Islam was associated with reduced risk for suicide ideation, however affiliating with Orthodox Christianity and no religion was related to increased risk for suicide ideation. While affiliating with Buddhism, Catholic religion and no religion was associated with lowered risk for attempting suicide, affiliation with Islam was related to heightened risk for attempting suicide. Affiliation with Hinduism, Orthodox Christianity, Catholicism, other religions and with no religion was associated with decreased risk for psychological distress but those reported affiliating with Islam evinced greater risk for psychological distress. The associations of the strength of religious belief to suicidal ideation and attempts were in the expected direction for most but had a positive relation in respondents affiliating with Catholicism and other religions. Students reporting affiliation with Islam, the Christian Orthodox religion and Buddhism were the least accepting of suicide but they displayed a more confronting interpersonal style to an imagined peer with a suicidal decision. It was concluded that the protective function of religion in educated segments of populations (university students) and in university students residing in Muslim countries where freedom from religion is restricted or religion is normative and/or compulsory is likely to be limited. Our findings suggest that public policies supporting religious freedom may augment the protective function of religion against suicide and psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Omar Kujan
- Al-Farabi College for Dentistry and Nursing, University of Western Australia
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12
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Fulginiti A, Pahwa R, Frey LM. Sharing suicidal thoughts in social networks: a multi-level perspective of disclosure among people with serious mental illness in India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00207411.2019.1664259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Fulginiti
- Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Rohini Pahwa
- Silver School of Social Work, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura M. Frey
- Kent School of Social Work, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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13
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Eylem O, Dalḡar İ, İnce BÜ, Tok F, van Straten A, de Wit L, Kerkhof AJFM, Bhui K. Acculturation and suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands ✰. Psychiatry Res 2019; 275:71-77. [PMID: 30878859 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
More suicidal ideation and higher rates of attempted suicide are found in Turkish people when compared with the general population in Europe. Acculturation processes and related distress may explain an elevated risk of suicide. The current study investigates the association between acculturation and suicidal ideation among Turkish migrants in the Netherlands. The mediating effect of hopelessness and moderating effect of secure attachment are also examined. A total of 185 Turkish migrants living in the Netherlands were recruited through social media and through liaison with community groups. They completed an online survey including validated measures of suicidal ideation, hopelessness, acculturation and attachment style. Mediation and moderation analyses were tested using bootstrapping. Higher participation was associated with less hopelessness and less suicidal ideation. Greater maintenance of one's ethnic culture was associated with higher hopelessness and higher suicidal ideation. Greater participation was associated with less suicidal ideation particularly amongst those with less secure attachment styles. Turkish migrants who participate in the host culture may have a lower risk of developing suicidal thinking. Participation may protect against suicidal thinking, particularly among those with less secure attachment styles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Eylem
- Department of Clinical Psychology VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Centre for Psychiatry, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine Queen Mary University of London, the United Kingdom.
| | - İlker Dalḡar
- Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | - Annemieke van Straten
- Department of Clinical Psychology VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leonore de Wit
- Department of Clinical Psychology VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ad J F M Kerkhof
- Department of Clinical Psychology VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kamaldeep Bhui
- Centre for Psychiatry, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine Queen Mary University of London, the United Kingdom
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14
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Eskin M, AlBuhairan F, Rezaeian M, Abdel-Khalek AM, Harlak H, El-Nayal M, Asad N, Khan A, Mechri A, Noor IM, Hamdan M, Isayeva U, Khader Y, Al Sayyari A, Khader A, Behzadi B, Öztürk CŞ, Hendarmin LA, Khan MM, Khatib S. Suicidal Thoughts, Attempts and Motives Among University Students in 12 Muslim-Majority Countries. Psychiatr Q 2019; 90:229-248. [PMID: 30498939 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-018-9613-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
There is a scarcity of research on suicidal phenomena in the Muslim world. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the self-reported prevalence of suicidal thoughts, attempts and motives in 12 Muslim countries. A total of 8417 (54.4% women) university students were surveyed by means of a self-report questionnaire. Overall, 22% of the participants reported suicidal ideation and 8.6% reported attempting suicide. The odds of suicidal thoughts were elevated in Azerbaijan, Indonesia and Saudi Arabia, while reduced ORs were recorded in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Malaysia. While odds of suicide attempts were high in Azerbaijan, Palestine and Saudi Arabia reduced odds ratios (OR) were detected in Indonesia, Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Malaysia and Tunisia. Taking drugs and using a sharp instrument were the two most frequently used methods to attempt suicide. Only 32.7% of attempts required medical attention. Escape motives were endorsed more than social motives by participants who attempted suicide. Suicidal behaviors were more frequent in women than in men. Compered to men, fewer attempts by women required medical attention. Moreover, our results show that making suicide illegal does not reduce the frequency of suicidal behavior. Results from this comparative study show that suicidal thoughts and attempts are frequent events in young adults in countries where religious scripture explicitly prohibit suicide and the frequencies of nonfatal suicidal behavior show large variation in nations adhering to the same religion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Eskin
- Department of Psychology, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Koc University, Rumelifeneriyolu 34450 Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Fadia AlBuhairan
- Al Dara Hospital and Medical Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohsen Rezaeian
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Rafsanjan Medical School, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Ahmed M Abdel-Khalek
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hacer Harlak
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Mayssah El-Nayal
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nargis Asad
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aqeel Khan
- Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Anwar Mechri
- Department of Psychiatry, University hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | | | - Motasem Hamdan
- School of Public Health, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Ulker Isayeva
- Department of Psychology, Khazar University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Yousef Khader
- Department of Community Medicine, Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Alaa Al Sayyari
- Population Health Research Section-Hospital-MNGHA, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center / King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Albaraa Khader
- Department of Community Medicine, Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Bahareh Behzadi
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Rafsanjan Medical School, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Cennet Şafak Öztürk
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | | | - Murad Moosa Khan
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Salam Khatib
- Faculty of Health Professions, Department of Nursing, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
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Flood C, Yilmaz M, Phillips L, Lindsay T, Eskin M, Hiley J, Tasdelen B. Nursing students' attitudes to suicide and suicidal persons: A cross-national and cultural comparison between Turkey and the United Kingdom. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2018; 25:369-379. [PMID: 29679433 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Mental healthcare requires acceptance of suicide and flexible attitudes especially in relation to caring for people who have suicidal thoughts or who have attempted suicide. Nurse education programmes for student nurses can shape positively the attitudes of individual participants, yet limited research exists on what nursing students' attitudes currently are towards people who are suicidal. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: This paper adds to the developing international comparative work that is providing a greater understanding of cultural perceptions of suicide amongst students. This paper along with existing literature highlights a potential relationship between certain religious belief systems and their potential to be protective against suicide. At the same time, such religious belief is more likely to be associated with more judgmental attitude towards suicidal behaviour. This paper using a validated research tool, devised by a research psychologist, scored for the first time, individual student attitudes towards caring for people that are suicidal, whilst establishing the overall differences between the two countries from which the data are collected. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: This paper offers potential explanations for differences in nursing students' attitudes between the UK and Turkey. Disparities under discussion include gender, type of education, culture and religion. This is an important discussion in the consideration of nurse education worldwide. It is recognized that students may come from a variety of different backgrounds, with varying personal and social attitudes to begin with; yet, there exists the potential to positively influence overall attitudes towards service users whilst learners are still within a training programme, consisting of education and practice experiences. The merits of a specialist mental health nurse training programme and its potential to impact more favourably on students attitudes deserve more attention and research. ABSTRACT Introduction Suicide is a major public health issue internationally, and the impact of positive or negative attitudes amongst the mental health professional workforce warrants scrutiny. The study aimed to examine English and Turkish nursing students' attitudes towards people with suicidal behaviour. Method This cross-cultural study reports on attitudes of 240 nursing students towards suicide in Turkey and 82 nursing students in the UK. A reliable and valid 24 item "Attitudes towards Suicide Scale" and "Social Reactions to Suicidal Persons Scale" were used to measure attitudes. Results The UK nursing students were found to display more accepting attitudes to suicide, and scored higher on acceptability of suicide, seeing suicide as a solution and open reporting and discussion of suicide subscales than their Turkish counterparts. Turkish nursing students scored higher on punishment after death and hiding suicidal behaviour subscales than the UK students. Turkish nursing students scored significantly higher on deterring subscale of reactions to a suicidal peer scale than the UK nursing students. Implications for practice It is vital for nurse students to develop positive acceptance of suicide through education, reflection and clinical supervision to be more therapeutic towards suicidal patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mualla Yilmaz
- School of Health Science, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | | | | | - Mehmet Eskin
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Janet Hiley
- Devon Integrated Children's Services, Virgin Care, Devon, UK
| | - Bahar Tasdelen
- Biostatistics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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Eskin M. Turkish Imams' Experience with and Their Attitudes Toward Suicide and Suicidal Persons. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2017; 56:817-827. [PMID: 26923840 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-016-0217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the experience with and attitudes toward suicide and suicidality in 70 consenting imams serving in mosques in the province of Aydin which is located at the southwest part of Turkey. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect the data. Attitudes of imams to suicide and suicidality were compared with attitudes of male university students. Only 4 imams (5.7 %) reported having had suicidal thoughts in past, and none reported having attempted suicide. Almost 50 % said that someone in communities they serve has commited suicide and nearly 40 % reported leading funeral ceremony for someone who committed suicide. Majority of imams (64.3 %) were of the opinion that a funeral ceremony should be arranged for people who suicide and 87.1 % were of the opinion that people who suicide can be buried in a common cemetery, but only 21.4 % said that someone who attempted suicide can be appointed as imam. Compared to male medical students, imams saw suicide as an unacceptable option and those engaging in suicidal behavior to be punished after death. But they displayed socially accepting and helping reactions to an imagined close friend who attempted suicide. Therefore, it was concluded that imams might exhibit preventive reactions to suicide when they offer counseling for persons from their congregations during times of suicidal crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Eskin
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey.
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Eskin M, Kujan O, Voracek M, Shaheen A, Carta MG, Sun JM, Flood C, Poyrazli S, Janghorbani M, Yoshimasu K, Mechri A, Khader Y, Aidoudi K, Bakhshi S, Harlak H, Ahmead M, Moro MF, Nawafleh H, Phillips L, Abuderman A, Tran US, Tsuno K. Cross-national comparisons of attitudes towards suicide and suicidal persons in university students from 12 countries. Scand J Psychol 2016; 57:554-563. [DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Eskin
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Psychiatry; Adnan Menderes University, Aydin Turkey
| | - Omar Kujan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences; Al-Farabi College for Dentistry and Nursing; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Martin Voracek
- Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods; School of Psychology; University of Vienna; Austria
| | - Amira Shaheen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; An-Najah National University; Nablus West Bank Palestine
| | - Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine; University of Cagliari; Italy
| | - Jian-Min Sun
- Department of Psychology and School of Labor and Human Resources; Renmin University of China; Beijing China
| | - Chris Flood
- School of Health Sciences; City University of London; UK
| | - Senel Poyrazli
- School of Behavioral Sciences and Education; Pennsylvania State University-Harrisburg; Middletown Pennsylvania USA
| | - Mohsen Janghorbani
- School of Public Health; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
| | - Kouichi Yoshimasu
- Department of Hygiene; School of Medicine; Wakayama Medical University; Wakayama Japan
| | - Anwar Mechri
- Department of Psychiatry; University hospital of Monastir; Monastir Tunisia
| | - Yousef Khader
- Department of Community Medicine, Public Health and Family Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Jordan University of Science & Technology; Irbid Jordan
| | - Khouala Aidoudi
- Department of Psychiatry; University hospital of Monastir; Monastir Tunisia
| | - Seifollah Bakhshi
- School of Public Health; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
| | - Hacer Harlak
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Department of Psychology; Adnan Menderes University, Aydin Turkey
| | - Muna Ahmead
- School of Public Health; Al-Quds University; Jerusalem Palestine
| | - Maria Francesca Moro
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine; University of Cagliari; Italy
| | - Hani Nawafleh
- Princess Aisha Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences; Al-Hussein Bin Talal University; Ma'an Jordan
| | | | - Abdulwahab Abuderman
- College of Medicine; Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University; Al-Kharj Saudi Arabia
| | - Ulrich S. Tran
- Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods; School of Psychology; University of Vienna; Austria
| | - Kanami Tsuno
- Department of Hygiene; School of Medicine; Wakayama Medical University; Wakayama Japan
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Eskin M, Sun JM, Abuidhail J, Yoshimasu K, Kujan O, Janghorbani M, Flood C, Carta MG, Tran US, Mechri A, Hamdan M, Poyrazli S, Aidoudi K, Bakhshi S, Harlak H, Moro MF, Nawafleh H, Phillips L, Shaheen A, Taifour S, Tsuno K, Voracek M. Suicidal Behavior and Psychological Distress in University Students: A 12-nation Study. Arch Suicide Res 2016; 20:369-88. [PMID: 26954847 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2015.1054055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the prevalence of suicidal behavior and psychological distress in university students across 12 nations. A total of 5,572 university students from 12 countries were surveyed about suicide ideation, suicide attempts, and psychological distress by means of a self-administered questionnaire. Almost 29% of the samples reported having contemplated suicide and 7% reported attempting suicide. Of the total sample, 51.1% scored above the General Health Questionnaire-12 ≥ 3 cut-off points, 41.6% above the GHQ-12 ≥ 4 cut-off points, and 33.8% scored above the GHQ-12 ≥ 5 cut-off points. While odds of suicide ideation were elevated in Austria and the UK, reduced ORs were detected for China, Italy, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, and Turkey. Similarly, while odds of suicide attempt were high in Jordan, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, and to some extent in Turkey, reduced ORs were observed for Austria, China, Italy, Japan and the United States. Elevated ORs for psychological distress were seen in Japan, Jordan, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, and Turkey but reduced ORs were noted in Austria, China, Iran, Italy, and the United States. Psychological distress was strongly associated with reports of suicide ideation and attempts. Suicide ideation, suicide attempt, and psychological distress are common in university students but their rates vary depending on the sociocultural context. Due attention should be devoted to the mental health needs of young adults enrolled in higher educational institutions and more cross-cultural research is warranted to better understand the etiology of the observed intersocietal variations in suicidal behavior and psychological distress.
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Eylem O, van Bergen DD, Rathod S, van Straten A, Bhui K, Kerkhof AJFM. Canına kıymak – ‘crushing life energy’: a qualitative study on lay and professional understandings of suicide and help-seeking among Turkish migrants in the UK and in the Netherlands. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2016.1161653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Eskin M, Schild A, Öncü B, Stieger S, Voracek M. A Cross-Cultural Investigation of Suicidal Disclosures and Attitudes in Austrian and Turkish University Students. DEATH STUDIES 2015; 39:584-591. [PMID: 26079731 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2015.1037971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of suicidal behavior and the nature of attitudes toward suicide differ in Austria and Turkey. To see if there were differences in disclosure, 351 Turkish and 310 Austrian students answered questions about disclosing suicidal thoughts. More Austrian than Turkish students reported suicidal ideation and believed that suicidal people disclose their plans, but suicidal disclosures were equally common in the two groups. Compared to Austria, suicidal disclosures in Turkey met with more positive social reactions that may facilitate a successful social support process. These findings imply that prevention efforts should reduce the stigma around suicidal disclosures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Eskin
- a Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine , Adnan Menderes University , Aydin , Turkey
| | - Anne Schild
- b Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, School of Psychology , University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Bedriye Öncü
- c Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine , Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Stefan Stieger
- b Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, School of Psychology , University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Martin Voracek
- b Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, School of Psychology , University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
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