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Mancini AD, Sowards S, Blumberg A, Lynch R, Fardella G, Maewsky NC, Prati G. Media exposure related to COVID-19 is associated with worse mental health consequences in the United States compared to Italy. Anxiety Stress Coping 2024; 37:348-360. [PMID: 38163987 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2023.2299983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged media exposure after collective crises is widely shown to have adverse effects on people's mental health. Do these effects show variation across different countries? In the present study, we compared the link between media exposure related to COVID-19 and mental health-related outcomes in the United States and Italy, two countries with high levels of early COVID-19 prevalence. METHOD Participants matched on age and gender in the United States (n = 415) and Italy (n = 442) completed assessments of media exposure, stress, anxiety, COVID-19 worry, and other variables shortly after the first wave of infections in 2020. RESULTS COVID-19 related media exposure predicted higher levels of stress, anxiety, and COVID-19 worry, net of the effects of neuroticism, political identification, and demographics. Moreover, COVID-19 related media exposure interacted with country to predict more stress and COVID-19 worry in the United States than in Italy. CONCLUSIONS Findings are among the first to document cross-national differences in the association of media exposure with mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Mancini
- Department of Psychology, Marks Hall, Pace University, Pleasantville, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Sowards
- Department of Psychology, Marks Hall, Pace University, Pleasantville, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Blumberg
- Department of Psychology, Marks Hall, Pace University, Pleasantville, NY, USA
| | - Robert Lynch
- Department of Psychology, Marks Hall, Pace University, Pleasantville, NY, USA
| | - Giovanni Fardella
- Department of Psychology, Marks Hall, Pace University, Pleasantville, NY, USA
| | - Nicole C Maewsky
- Department of Psychology, Marks Hall, Pace University, Pleasantville, NY, USA
| | - Gabriele Prati
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Sahbaz S, Cox RB, Montero-Zamora P, Salas-Wright CP, Maldonado-Molina MM, Bates MM, Pérez-Gómez A, Mejía-Trujillo J, Vos SR, Scaramutti C, Perazzo PA, Duque M, Garcia MF, Brown EC, Schwartz SJ. Measuring Anxiety Among Latino Immigrant Populations: Within-Country and Between-Country Comparisons. Assessment 2024:10731911231223715. [PMID: 38217446 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231223715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Anxiety is the most prevalent mental health disorder among adults worldwide. Given its increased prevalence among migrants due to their marginalized position in the societies where they reside, psychometric evaluations of anxiety measures such as the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) are needed for use with migrants. The present study is the first attempt to compare the structure of GAD-7 scores for (a) different Latino groups in the same country and (b) the same Latino group in two different countries. Using three samples of Mexican and Venezuelan migrants (total N = 933), we provide reliability and validity evidence of the GAD-7 for use with adult Latino migrants. Utilizing confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory, we demonstrate that the GAD-7 is internally consistent, possesses a strong single-factor structure, and generates scores with equivalent psychometric properties. GAD-7 is appropriate for use with Mexican and Venezuelan migrants across differing gender groups and education levels.
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Zwar L, König HH, Hajek A. Wishing for an end? Longitudinal analysis of suicidal ideation among informal caregivers inside and outside their household in different welfare systems of Europe. Int Psychogeriatr 2023; 35:736-750. [PMID: 37587572 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610223000601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines whether transition to caregiving within or outside the household is associated with changes in suicidal ideation and whether this depends on the type of caregiver relationship, the age or gender of the caregiver, or the welfare system. DESIGN Longitudinal study. SETTING Ten European countries. PARTICIPANTS Data from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe were used (waves 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6) including participants aged ≥40 years (pooled Observations = 171,848). MEASUREMENTS Suicidal ideation was measured using the Euro-D scale. Caregiving was measured as care inside and outside the household, and for different recipients. Fixed effects logistic regression analyses, adjusted for health and sociodemographic factors, were used. RESULTS Transitioning into caregiving inside the household was associated with higher odds of suicidal ideation, in particular if they transitioned into care for partners or parents and within Southern and Bismarckian welfare systems. Transitioning into caregiving outside the household was not associated with suicidal ideation, except among those transitioning into caregiving for non-relatives (higher odds of suicidal ideation), and among male and older caregivers (lower odds of suicidal ideation). Suicide ideation was higher among caregivers in Southern compared to Bismarckian or Scandinavian welfare systems. CONCLUSION Informal caregiving is associated with suicidal ideation among caregivers inside but not among all caregivers outside the household. The caregiver's characteristics, the care relationship, and the welfare system play an important role. Preventing suicidal ideation requires interventions that focus on informal caregivers and consider their individual and contextual factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Zwar
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - André Hajek
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Oesterle S, Bailey JA, Catalano RF, Epstein M, Evans-Whipp TJ, Toumbourou JW. Alcohol-Tolerant Workplace Environments Are a Risk Factor for Young Adult Alcohol Misuse on and off the Job in Australia and the United States. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:6725. [PMID: 37754585 PMCID: PMC10530761 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20186725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The workplace has been understudied as a setting for the prevention of young adult alcohol misuse. This study examined if alcohol-tolerant workplace environments are associated with greater risk for alcohol use and misuse on and off the job among young adults. Data were collected in 2014 from state-representative, sex-balanced samples (51% female) of 25-year-olds in Washington, U.S. (n = 751) and Victoria, Australia (n = 777). Logistic regressions indicated that availability of alcohol at work, absence of a written alcohol policy, and alcohol-tolerant workplace norms and attitudes were independently associated with a 1.5 to 3 times greater odds of on-the-job alcohol use or impairment. Alcohol-tolerant workplace norms were associated also with greater odds of high-risk drinking generally, independent of on-the-job alcohol use or impairment. Associations were mostly similar in Washington and Victoria, although young adults in Victoria perceived their workplaces to be more alcohol-tolerant and were more likely to use alcohol or be impaired at work and to misuse alcohol generally than young adults in Washington. Cross-nationally, workplace interventions that restrict the availability of alcohol, ban alcohol at work, and reduce alcohol-tolerant norms have the potential to prevent and reduce young adults' alcohol use and misuse on and off the job.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Oesterle
- Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, 400 E. Van Buren St., Suite 801, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 Third Ave NE, Suite #401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA; (J.A.B.)
| | - Richard F. Catalano
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 Third Ave NE, Suite #401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA; (J.A.B.)
| | - Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 Third Ave NE, Suite #401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA; (J.A.B.)
| | - Tracy J. Evans-Whipp
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
- The University of Melbourne Department of Pediatrics, Royal Children’s Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - John W. Toumbourou
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
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Habets O, Peters P, Van der Heijden B, Stoffers J, Blomme R, Liao S. Do you really want to hurt me? The impact of contextual factors on the moderating role of dark leadership in the relationships between learning climate facilitation, employability and turnover intention in the Netherlands and China. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1148294. [PMID: 37599720 PMCID: PMC10435758 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1148294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Both the Dutch and Chinese labor markets experience severe shortages of skilled personnel and high turnover rates, being distressing socio-economic factors. At the same time, large cross-cultural studies indicate that these national contexts are highly different from a socio-cultural perspective. When considering issues on employee development and retainment, the public debate opens for negative attributes as dark leadership, wondering if employees accept to be hurt. This study contributes to the employability research and, moreover, it contributes to the call for the ability to contextualize theories and to the convergence/divergence debate. We applied Western theories to investigate possible contextual differences in the relationships between learning climate facilitation and turnover intention, and to investigate whether this relationship is mediated by employability, and whether dark leadership is a possible moderator. Methods To test our hypotheses, we collected data from 368 Dutch and 319 Chinese respondents who participate in an executive master's program, which was analyzed using PLS-Structural Equation Modeling. Results Employees in the Netherlands and China were found to interpret our study variables differently. Separate analyses revealed that, in both contexts, learning climate facilitation was both directly and indirectly, via the balance dimension of employability, negatively related to turnover intention. In addition, in the Dutch sample, dark leadership appeared to weaken the relationship between learning climate facilitation and the corporate sense dimension of employability, but the latter did not seem to be a mediator in the relationship with turnover intention. In the Chinese sample, no moderation effects were found. Discussion Our results show that both learning climate facilitation and dark leadership are important factors in the development and retainment of personnel and that particularly focusing on 'balancing group and individual goals' is important to retain personnel, regardless of national context. The latter may indicate the need for convergence of HR practices. At the same time, however, the different interpretations of the study's variables may indicate divergence in the meaning of HR concepts. In the discussion section, we elaborate on the study's implications for HR-researchers and -practitioners in national and global business contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Habets
- Research Centre for Employability, Zuyd University of Applied Sciences, Sittard, Netherlands
| | - Pascale Peters
- Center for Strategy, Organization and Leadership, Nyenrode Business Universiteit, Breukelen, Netherlands
- Department of Organisation, Leadership and Management, Inland School of Business and Social Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Beatrice Van der Heijden
- Institute for Management Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Faculty of Management, Open Universiteit, Heerlen, Netherlands
- Department of Marketing, Innovation and Organisation, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Business School, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- Kingston Business School, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom
| | - Jol Stoffers
- Research Centre for Employability, Zuyd University of Applied Sciences, Sittard, Netherlands
- Faculty of Management, Open Universiteit, Heerlen, Netherlands
- Research Centre for Education and the Labour Market (ROA), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Robert Blomme
- Center for Strategy, Organization and Leadership, Nyenrode Business Universiteit, Breukelen, Netherlands
- Faculty of Management, Open Universiteit, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | - Shudi Liao
- Business School, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Center for Studies of Human Capital Development Strategy and Policy, Wuhan, China
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Science of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
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Boulianne S. Participatory Inequality Across Countries: Contacting Public Officials Online and Offline. Soc Sci Comput Rev 2023; 41:1336-1362. [PMID: 37363157 PMCID: PMC10285429 DOI: 10.1177/08944393211071067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The Internet offers low-cost ways to participate in political life, which reduces the motivation required to participate and thus potentially reduces inequalities in participation. I examine online and offline contacting of elected officials using original survey data from Canada, France, the United Kingdom, and the United States collected in 2019 and 2021. Education is a consistent positive predictor of contacting in all countries as well as both modes of contact (online and offline). Income differences are small. Younger people are more likely to contact officials, online and offline, compared to older people. Females are less likely to contact officials, online and offline, compared to males. While political interest, efficacy, online information consumption, and online group ties are believed to lead to more equity in online communication, I do not see strong differences in these variables for online and offline contacting. I conclude by discussing the implications of exclusively online contacting of officials when this form of contact is devalued by elected officials, as well as the implications of participatory inequalities with respect to influencing public policy and access to government services.
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7
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Defoe IN, Dubas JS, van Aken MAG. A cross-national study on adolescent substance use: Intentions, peer substance use, and parent-adolescent communication. J Res Adolesc 2023; 33:641-655. [PMID: 36717971 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This longitudinal two-wave cross-national study investigated whether intentions, friends' substance use, and parent-adolescent substance-use specific communication predict adolescent alcohol and cannabis use 1 year later, while estimating reversed links. The temporal order between these two substances was also examined. We used multi-group cross-lagged panel modeling on data from 2 ethnically and socioeconomically diverse samples: Sint Maarten (N = 350; Mage = 14.19) and the Netherlands (N = 602; Mage = 13.50). Results showed that in the Netherlands, cannabis use predicts more subsequent problems (alcohol use, intention to use cannabis, and affiliation with cannabis-using friends). But for Sint Maarten, alcohol use predicts more subsequent problems (cannabis use, intention to use alcohol, and affiliation with alcohol-using friends). These opposing results demonstrate that caution is warranted when generalizing results across countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy N Defoe
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Price AM, Peterson L. The health and environmental risks and rewards of modernity that shape scientific optimism. Public Underst Sci 2023:9636625231165150. [PMID: 37190773 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231165150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Individuals in high-income countries increasingly express less scientific optimism than in lower-income societies. In this article, we utilize risk society theory to understand the complicated relationship between individual- and country-level factors, and optimism toward the role of science in society in "reflexively modern" societies. We use multilevel modeling with 16 high-income countries to determine the individual-level and country-level factors that shape scientific optimism. Next, we look at the individual characteristics that affect scientific optimism in each country individually. At the individual level, we find that older people, the more highly educated and higher earning, those farther to the Right on the political spectrum, and those with more materialist (rather than postmaterialist) attitudes have higher scientific optimism, while more religious people have lower optimism regarding science. At the country level, we make a corollary argument about materialism: societies that have higher measles immunization rates, generate more electricity from fossil fuels, and have a greater percentage of mobile phone subscriptions, have populaces that are more optimistic toward science.
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van der Neut D, Peeters M, Boniel-Nissim M, Klanšček HJ, Oja L, van den Eijnden R. A cross-national comparison of problematic gaming behavior and well-being in adolescents. J Behav Addict 2023. [PMID: 37060555 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2023.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The popularity of playing games among adolescents has increased during the last decades, possibly affecting the prevalence of problematic gaming behavior. The current study aimed to compare country-level prevalence rates of adolescents' problematic gaming behavior in five countries and identify cross-cultural similarities and differences in the relationship between problematic gaming and well-being (life satisfaction, psychological complaints, and peer support). METHODS Cross-national data from the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study were used. The sample comprised 14,398 gamers (61% boys) aged 11 to 16 (average age between 13.31 and 13.85) from Azerbaijan, England, Serbia, Slovenia, and the Netherlands. RESULTS The findings showed that the prevalence of problematic gaming differs between countries. The highest prevalence of problematic gaming was seen in Azerbaijan (16.1%) and the lowest in the Netherlands (4.3%). In contrast, Azerbaijan reported the lowest gaming intensity, whereas the Netherlands and England showed the highest gaming intensity. Additional analyses revealed that problematic gaming was associated with lower life satisfaction, more psychological complaints, and lower peer support in all countries, although the strength of these associations varied between countries. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The current study's results are consistent with the assumption that problematic gaming negatively affects adolescents' social and mental well-being. These findings are further discussed in light of the normalization theory which suggests that cultural gaming norms (i.e., the percentage of gamers per country) would influence the strength of the relationship between problematic gaming and adolescents' well-being. The present findings highlight the need for adequate prevention strategies aiming at problematic gaming among youngsters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Leila Oja
- 4National Institute for Health Development, Estonia
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10
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Manrique-Millones D, Gómez-Baya D, Wiium N. The Importance of the 5Cs of Positive Youth Development to Depressive Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study with University Students from Peru and Spain. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13030280. [PMID: 36975305 PMCID: PMC10045354 DOI: 10.3390/bs13030280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior research has documented the protective role of the 5Cs of Positive Youth Development (PYD) on adjustment problems, such as depressive symptoms. Nonetheless, more research is needed, especially in non-US contexts. The main objective of the present study was to assess associations between the 5Cs and depressive symptoms in Peru and Spain, considering gender differences across contexts. METHODS Cross-sectional data was collected from undergraduate students from Peru [n = 250] and Spain [n = 1044]. RESULTS The results revealed significant negative associations of Competence, Confidence, Character and Connection with depressive symptoms, while Caring was positively and significantly related to depressive symptoms in both samples. Regarding gender differences, female undergraduates in both samples reported high levels of Caring, while Competence was predominant among males compared to females in both countries. Likewise, higher scores in Competence and Confidence were registered among Peruvian male undergraduates compared to Spanish students, while Caring and Character were more prevalent in Spanish female undergraduates compared to Peruvian students. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm the importance of targeting the 5Cs of PYD alongside the role of gender and country context in intervention programs, put together to address the mental health of students in Peru and Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisse Manrique-Millones
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Psicología, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima 15067, Peru
| | - Diego Gómez-Baya
- Department of Social, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universidad de Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - Nora Wiium
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
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Greenfield TK, Lui CK, Cook WK, Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Li L, Wilsnack SC, Bloomfield K, Room R, Laslett AM, Bond J, Korcha R. High Intensity Drinking (HID) Assessed by Maximum Quantity Consumed Is an Important Pattern Measure Adding Predictive Value in Higher and Lower Income Societies for Modeling Alcohol-Related Problems. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:3748. [PMID: 36834453 PMCID: PMC9958696 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Adjusting for demographics and standard drinking measures, High Intensity Drinking (HID), indexed by the maximum quantity consumed in a single day in the past 12 months, may be valuable in predicting alcohol dependence other harms across high and low income societies. The data consisted of 17 surveys of adult (15,460 current drinkers; 71% of total surveyed) in Europe (3), the Americas (8), Africa (2), and Asia/Australia (4). Gender-disaggregated country analyses used Poison regression to investigate whether HID (8-11, 12-23, 24+ drinks) was incrementally influential, beyond log drinking volume and HED (Heavy Episodic Drinking, or 5+ days), in predicting drinking problems, adjusting for age and marital status. In adjusted models predicting AUDIT-5 for men, adding HID improved the overall model fit for 11 of 15 countries. For women, 12 of 14 countries with available data showed an improved fit with HID included. The results for the five Life-Area Harms were similar for men. Considering the results by gender, each country showing improvements in model fit by adding HID had larger values of the average difference between high intensity and usual consumption, implying variations in amounts consumed on any given day. The amount consumed/day often greatly exceeded HED levels. In many societies of varying income levels, as hypothesized, HID provided important added information on drinking patterns for predicting harms, beyond the standard volume and binging indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K. Greenfield
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute (PHI), 6001 Shellmound St., Suite 450, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Camillia K. Lui
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute (PHI), 6001 Shellmound St., Suite 450, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Won K. Cook
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute (PHI), 6001 Shellmound St., Suite 450, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Katherine J. Karriker-Jaffe
- Community Health & Implementation Research Program, Research Triangle Institute, Berkeley Office, CA 94704, USA
| | - Libo Li
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute (PHI), 6001 Shellmound St., Suite 450, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Sharon C. Wilsnack
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 94704, USA
| | - Kim Bloomfield
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University (Melbourne Campus), Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne-Marie Laslett
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University (Melbourne Campus), Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Jason Bond
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute (PHI), 6001 Shellmound St., Suite 450, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Rachael Korcha
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute (PHI), 6001 Shellmound St., Suite 450, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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Chu L, Lor A, Moisan MG, Phi KM. Gender Disparities in Healthy Aging: A Cross-National Comparative Study in the United States and South Korea from 2006 to 2016. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2023; 96:33-50. [PMID: 35673267 DOI: 10.1177/00914150221106643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Using the 2006-2016 wave of Health and Retirement Study and Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging, this study explores the gender disparities in the health of older adults in the United States and South Korea. A logit model is adopted to explore the differences in the likelihood of aging healthily by gender in two countries. Results indicate that older females in the United States have a significantly higher probability of healthy aging than their male counterparts. However, the opposite finding is demonstrated among the older population in South Korea. These results are verified using various robustness check methods. The heterogeneities in the gender disparities in healthy aging across age groups and income levels are further explored. The gender effect in each healthy aging domain is investigated to understand the underlying causes of gender disparities. These findings can provide cross-national insights for policymakers to establish targeted aging policies with a gender perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Chu
- Economics and Political Science Department, 7567St. Catherine University, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Anjelynt Lor
- Biology Department, St. Catherine University, St Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Kieu My Phi
- Public Health Department, St. Catherine University, St Paul, MN, USA
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Zhao M, Zhang H, Lin X, You E, Wang H, Lautenschlager NT. Attitudes towards dementia among Chinese adults aged 50 years and older: a comparative study of immigrants living in Melbourne and nonimmigrants living in Beijing. Int Psychogeriatr 2023; 35:29-42. [PMID: 36189727 DOI: 10.1017/S1041610222000527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated attitudes towards dementia among Chinese immigrants aged 50 years and over living in Australia and compares these attitudes with those of individuals living in mainland China. It aimed to better understand what older Chinese adults think about dementia and to inform the development of tailored dementia-related services for this group of people. DESIGN A qualitative design involving individual interviews was employed in this study. PARTICIPANTS Forty-six participants were recruited: 21 in Melbourne and 25 in Beijing. All interviewees were born in mainland China, were community-dwelling, and did not have a dementia diagnosis. MEASUREMENTS The tripartite model of attitudes was used to guide the semi-structured interview design and report the results. Thematic qualitative analysis was employed. RESULTS In both groups, most participants held negative feelings, stigmatized views and negative stereotypes of dementia. However, most participants expressed a willingness to help individuals living with dementia. Regarding dementia care, nearly all participants preferred home care but thought formal care would become the mainstream form of care in the future. Fewer Melbourne participants expressed concerns regarding developing dementia, were interested in dementia, or perceived a need for dementia-related educational activities. Melbourne participants also reported more avoidant responses to dementia or individuals living with dementia. CONCLUSION This study carefully compares attitudes towards dementia between older Chinese immigrants in Melbourne and older Chinese adults in Beijing. Similarities and differences were observed between these two groups. Dementia-related service providers should consider the sociocultural changes and migration-related barriers experienced by Chinese immigrants.
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Calvo E, Córdova C, Shura R, Allel K, Castillo-Carniglia A, Keyes KM, Mauro C, Mauro PM, Medina JT, Mielenz T, Taramasco C, Martins SS. Global pain and aging: A cross-sectional study on age differences in the intensity of chronic pain among middle-aged and older adults in 20 countries. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2022; 78:1098-1108. [PMID: 36562345 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to examine age differences in the intensity of chronic pain among middle-aged and older adults, where intensity is measured on a scale differentiating between chronic pain that is often troubling and likely requires intervention versus more endurable sensations. We aim to explore whether individual health and national gross domestic product (GDP) explain these differences as well. METHODS Cross-nationally harmonized data from 20 countries on self-reported intensity of chronic pain (0=no, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe) in 104,826 individuals aged 50+ observed in 2012-2013. Two-level hierarchical ordinal linear models with individuals nested within countries were used to isolate estimations from heterogeneity explained by methodological differences across single-country studies. RESULTS Overall, mean participant age was 66.9 (SD=9.9), 56.1% were women, and 41.9% of respondents reported any chronic pain. Chronic pain intensity rose sharply with age in some countries (e.g., Korea and Slovenia), but this association waned or reversed in other countries (e.g., the USA and Denmark). Cross-country variation and age differences in chronic pain were partly explained (85.5% and 35.8%, respectively) by individual-level health (especially arthritis), country-level wealth (as indicated by GDP per capita), and demographics. DISCUSSION Chronic pain intensity is not an inevitable consequence of chronological age, but the consequence of potential selection effects and lower activity levels combined with individual-level health and country-level wealth. Our findings suggest further investigation of health conditions and country affluence settings as potential targets of medical and policy interventions aiming to prevent, reduce, or manage chronic pain among older patients and aging populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Calvo
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States.,Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States.,Society and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Universidad Mayor, Badajoz 130, Santiago, RM 7560908, Chile.,Laboratory on Aging and Social Epidemiology, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Artes, Universidad Mayor, Badajoz 130, Santiago, RM 7560908, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus on Sociomedicine, Badajoz 130, Santiago, RM 7560908, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus for the Evaluation and Analysis of Drug Policies, Badajoz 130, Santiago, RM 7560908, Chile
| | - Cynthia Córdova
- Society and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Universidad Mayor, Badajoz 130, Santiago, RM 7560908, Chile.,Laboratory on Aging and Social Epidemiology, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Artes, Universidad Mayor, Badajoz 130, Santiago, RM 7560908, Chile
| | - Robin Shura
- Department of Sociology, Kent State University at Stark, 6000 Frank Avenue NW, North Canton, OH
| | - Kasim Allel
- Society and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Universidad Mayor, Badajoz 130, Santiago, RM 7560908, Chile.,Laboratory on Aging and Social Epidemiology, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Artes, Universidad Mayor, Badajoz 130, Santiago, RM 7560908, Chile.,College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Magdalen Road EX1 2LU, Exeter, United Kingdom.,Institute for Global Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street WC1N 1EH, London, United Kingdom.,Millennium Nucleus on Sociomedicine, Badajoz 130, Santiago, RM 7560908, Chile
| | - Alvaro Castillo-Carniglia
- Society and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Universidad Mayor, Badajoz 130, Santiago, RM 7560908, Chile.,Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, 550 1st Ave, New York, NY 10016, United States.,Millennium Nucleus on Sociomedicine, Badajoz 130, Santiago, RM 7560908, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus for the Evaluation and Analysis of Drug Policies, Badajoz 130, Santiago, RM 7560908, Chile
| | - Katherine M Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States.,Society and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Universidad Mayor, Badajoz 130, Santiago, RM 7560908, Chile.,Laboratory on Aging and Social Epidemiology, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Artes, Universidad Mayor, Badajoz 130, Santiago, RM 7560908, Chile
| | - Christine Mauro
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Pia M Mauro
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - José T Medina
- Society and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Universidad Mayor, Badajoz 130, Santiago, RM 7560908, Chile.,Laboratory on Aging and Social Epidemiology, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Artes, Universidad Mayor, Badajoz 130, Santiago, RM 7560908, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus on Sociomedicine, Badajoz 130, Santiago, RM 7560908, Chile
| | - Thelma Mielenz
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Carla Taramasco
- Millennium Nucleus on Sociomedicine, Badajoz 130, Santiago, RM 7560908, Chile.,Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, RM 8370136, Chile
| | - Silvia S Martins
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States
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15
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Piltch-Loeb R, Su M, Bonetti M, Testa M, Stanton E, Toffolutti V, Savoia E. Cross-National Vaccine Concerns and Predictors of Vaccine Hesitancy in Not-Fully Vaccinated Individuals: Findings from USA, Canada, Sweden, and Italy. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101652. [PMID: 36298517 PMCID: PMC9611173 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy is a key contributor to reduced COVID-19 vaccine uptake and remains a threat to COVID-19 mitigation strategies as many countries are rolling out the campaign for booster shots. The goal of our study is to identify and compare the top vaccine concerns in four countries: Canada, Italy, Sweden, and the USA and how these concerns relate to vaccine hesitancy. While most individuals in these countries are now vaccinated, we expect our results to be helpful in guiding vaccination efforts for additional doses, and more in general for other vaccines in the future. We sought to empirically test whether vaccine related concerns followed similar thematic issues in the four countries included in this study, and then to see how these themes related to vaccine hesitancy using data from a cross-sectional survey conducted in May 2021. We applied CFA and created vaccine concern scales for analysis. We then utilized these results in regression-based modeling to determine how concerns related to vaccine hesitancy and whether there were similar or different concerns by country. The results quantitatively highlight that the same vaccine related concerns permeated multiple countries at the same point in time. This implies that COVID-19 vaccination communications could benefit from global collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Piltch-Loeb
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02120, USA
- Emergency Preparedness Research Evaluation and Practice (EPREP) Program, Division of Policy Translation and Leadership Development, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02120, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Max Su
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02120, USA
- Emergency Preparedness Research Evaluation and Practice (EPREP) Program, Division of Policy Translation and Leadership Development, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02120, USA
| | - Marco Bonetti
- Carlo F. Dondena Research Center and COVID Crisis Lab, Bocconi University, 20136 Milan, Italy
| | - Marcia Testa
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02120, USA
- Emergency Preparedness Research Evaluation and Practice (EPREP) Program, Division of Policy Translation and Leadership Development, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02120, USA
| | - Eva Stanton
- Emergency Preparedness Research Evaluation and Practice (EPREP) Program, Division of Policy Translation and Leadership Development, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02120, USA
| | - Veronica Toffolutti
- Centre for Evaluation Methods, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AB, UK
| | - Elena Savoia
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02120, USA
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16
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Gaboardi M, Santinello M, Lenzi M, Disperati F, Ornelas J, Shinn M. Using a modified version of photovoice in a European cross-national study on homelessness. Am J Community Psychol 2022; 70:139-152. [PMID: 35137958 PMCID: PMC9544765 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes an innovative use of a modified version of photovoice for cross-national qualitative research that allows participants to express their ideas, experiences, and emotions about a topic through photographic language. We examine factors affecting social service providers' work on people experiencing homelessness in Europe. We highlight five advantages of using photovoice in cross-national research: visual language, methodological flexibility, participatory data analysis, the bottom-up process, and the promotion of social change. Moreover, we identify key stages of the process: writing a detailed protocol for the implementation and fidelity of the projects, using two levels of data analysis, and disseminating the results. This study provides lessons learned for others who may want to use photovoice in cross-national research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gaboardi
- Department of Developmental and Social PsychologyUniversity of PadovaPaduaItaly
| | - Massimo Santinello
- Department of Developmental and Social PsychologyUniversity of PadovaPaduaItaly
| | - Michela Lenzi
- Department of Developmental and Social PsychologyUniversity of PadovaPaduaItaly
| | - Francesca Disperati
- Department of Developmental and Social PsychologyUniversity of PadovaPaduaItaly
| | - José Ornelas
- APPsyCI—Applied Psychology Research Center Capabilities and InclusionISPA‐Instituto UniversitárioLisboaPortugal
| | - Marybeth Shinn
- Department of Human and Organizational DevelopmentPeabody College, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
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17
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Nam S, Lee MJ, Hong I. Developing a Cross-National Disability Measure for Older Adult Populations across Korea, China, and Japan. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:10338. [PMID: 36011988 PMCID: PMC9407855 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to develop a universal scale for comparing cognitive and physical functions among countries using health survey data from China, Korea, and Japan. This study used the data of 934 participants from the Korean Longitude Study of Aging, 2506 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitude Study, and 178 participants from the Japanese Study of Aging and Retirement. Each physical and cognitive function item in the three countries has five key items. The anchoring method used the key items to link each cognitive and physical function of the three countries. We investigated the psychometric characteristics of the final item using the Rasch analysis. We extracted 13 items of 19 cognitive function items and 20 items out of 29 physical function items using the anchoring method and the Rasch analysis. The Rasch analysis showed good fit statistics for 13 cognitive function items and 20 physical function items. The measurement scale developed in this study will enable valid comparisons of older adults' cognitive and physical functions across these three countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghun Nam
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
| | - Mi Jung Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Ickpyo Hong
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
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18
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Cosma A, Költő A, Chzhen Y, Kleszczewska D, Kalman M, Martin G. Measurement Invariance of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index: Evidence from 15 European Countries. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:9798. [PMID: 36011429 PMCID: PMC9407912 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The World Health Organization (WHO)-5 Well-Being Index has been used in many epidemiological studies to assess adolescent mental well-being. However, cross-country comparisons of this instrument among adolescents are scarce and, so far, no good-fitting, common invariant measurement model across countries has been reported. The present study aims to evaluate and establish a version of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index that allows for a valid cross-country comparison of adolescent self-reported mental well-being. (2) Methods: Using data from the 2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study, we evaluated the measurement model and measurement invariance of the five items of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index. We used nationally representative samples of 11-, 13-, and 15-year-old adolescents (N = 74,071) from fifteen countries and regions in Europe. Measurement invariance of the WHO-5 was assessed using a series (country, gender, and age) of multi-group confirmatory factor analyses. In addition, we evaluated the convergent validity of the measure by testing its correlations with psychosomatic complaints, life satisfaction, and self-rated health. (3) Results: We found that WHO-5 does not show good psychometric properties or good measurement invariance fit. However, by excluding the first item of the scale ("I have felt cheerful and in good spirits"), the WHO-4, consisting of the other four original items, had good psychometric properties, and demonstrated good suitability for cross-national comparisons (as well as age and gender) in adolescent mental well-being. (4) Conclusions: The present study introduces the WHO-4-a revised version of the WHO-5-, that allows for a valid comparison of mental well-being across fifteen countries and regions in Europe. The WHO-4 proved to be a reliable and valid instrument to assess mental well-being in the adolescent population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Cosma
- Department of Sociology, Trinity College Dublin, D01 Dublin, Ireland
| | - András Költő
- Health Promotion Research Centre, School of Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Yekaterina Chzhen
- Department of Sociology, Trinity College Dublin, D01 Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Michal Kalman
- Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Gina Martin
- Faculty of Health Disciplines, Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB T9S 3A3, Canada
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19
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Shamali M, Esandi Larramendi N, Østergaard B, Barbieri-Figueiredo M, Brødsgaard A, Canga-Armayor A, Dieperink KB, Garcia-Vivar C, Konradsen H, Nordtug B, Lambert V, Mahrer-Imhof R, Metzing S, Nagl-Cupal M, Imhof L, Svavarsdottir EK, Swallow V, Luttik ML. Nurses' attitudes towards family importance in nursing care across Europe. J Clin Nurs 2022. [PMID: 35818317 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVE To explore differences in nurses' attitudes regarding the importance of family in nursing care and factors associated with nurses' attitudes across 11 European countries. BACKGROUND Family involvement in healthcare has received attention in many European healthcare systems. Nurses have a unique opportunity to promote family involvement in healthcare; however, their attitudes and beliefs may facilitate or impede this practice. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey across European countries. METHOD A broad convenience sample of 8112 nurses across 11 European countries was recruited from October 2017 to December 2019. Data were collected using the Families' Importance in Nursing Care-Nurses' Attitudes (FINC-NA) questionnaire. We used the STROBE checklist to report the results. RESULTS There were significant differences in nurses' attitudes about families' importance in nursing care across Europe. Country was the factor with the strongest association with the total scores of the FINC-NA. Older age, higher level of education, increased years since graduation, having a strategy for the care of families in the workplace, and having experience of illness within one's own family were associated with a higher total FINC-NA score. Being male and working in a hospital or other clinical settings were associated with a lower total FINC-NA score. CONCLUSION Nurses' attitudes regarding the importance of family in nursing care vary across 11 European countries. This study highlights multiple factors associated with nurses' attitudes. Further research is necessary to gain a deeper understanding of the reasons for nurses' different attitudes and to develop a strong theoretical framework across Europe to support family involvement in patient care. The inclusion of family healthcare programs in the baccalaureate curriculum may improve nurses' attitudes. RELEVANCE FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE In clinical practice, the focus should be on identifying influencing factors on nurses' attitudes to enhance families' importance in nursing care across Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Shamali
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Nuria Esandi Larramendi
- Department of Nursing Care for Adult Patients, School of Nursing, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Birte Østergaard
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria Barbieri-Figueiredo
- Department of Nursing, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain.,Department of Population Studies, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Spain
| | - Anne Brødsgaard
- Department of Nursing and Health Care, HEALTH, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Departments of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine & Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Ana Canga-Armayor
- Department of Nursing Care for Adult Patients, School of Nursing, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Karin Brochstedt Dieperink
- Research Unit of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Family Focused Healthcare Research Center (FaCe), Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Cristina Garcia-Vivar
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Hanne Konradsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhager, Denmark
| | - Bente Nordtug
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Nordland, Norway
| | - Veronica Lambert
- School of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community Health, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Sabine Metzing
- School of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Martin Nagl-Cupal
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorenz Imhof
- Nursing Science & Care Ltd, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | | | - Veronica Swallow
- College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Marie Louise Luttik
- Research Group Nursing Diagnostics, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
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20
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Boulianne S, Shehata A. Age Differences in Online News Consumption and Online Political Expression in the United States, United Kingdom, and France. Int J Press Polit 2022; 27:763-783. [PMID: 35531266 PMCID: PMC9058403 DOI: 10.1177/19401612211060271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Younger and older generations are differently motivated in relation to news consumption and online political expression. In this paper, we suggest that different modes of citizenship characterize younger and older generations. To test the differential role of political interest in news consumption and online political expression, we use a survey of 3,210 people from the United States, 3,043 from the United Kingdom, and 3,031 from France. Our findings suggest that young citizens are more frequent users of online news overall and that the rank order of different news activities replicates cross-nationally. The frequency of online political expression is negatively related to age, with older people less likely to post online. Age moderates the relationship between political interest and news consumption as well as news consumption and online political expression. The correlations of these sets of variables are stronger for younger respondents compared to older respondents. These findings hold across the three countries under study. We explain these patterns in terms of changing citizenship norms and discuss the implications for democracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Boulianne
- Department of Sociology, MacEwan University, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Adam Shehata
- Journalism Media and Communication JMG, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
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21
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Jaya ES, Wüsten C, Alizadeh BZ, van Amelsvoort T, Bartels-Velthuis AA, van Beveren NJ, Bruggeman R, Cahn W, de Haan L, Delespaul P, Luykx JJ, Myin-Germeys I, Kahn RS, Schirmbeck F, Simons CJP, van Haren NE, van Os J, van Winkel R, Fonseca-Pedrero E, Peters E, Verdoux H, Woodward TS, Ziermans TB, Lincoln TM. Comparing psychotic experiences in low-and-middle-income-countries and high-income-countries with a focus on measurement invariance. Psychol Med 2022; 52:1509-1516. [PMID: 33023691 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720003323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of psychotic experiences (PEs) is higher in low-and-middle-income-countries (LAMIC) than in high-income countries (HIC). Here, we examine whether this effect is explicable by measurement bias. METHODS A community sample from 13 countries (N = 7141) was used to examine the measurement invariance (MI) of a frequently used self-report measure of PEs, the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE), in LAMIC (n = 2472) and HIC (n = 4669). The CAPE measures positive (e.g. hallucinations), negative (e.g. avolition) and depressive symptoms. MI analyses were conducted with multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses. RESULTS MI analyses showed similarities in the structure and understanding of the CAPE factors between LAMIC and HIC. Partial scalar invariance was found, allowing for latent score comparisons. Residual invariance was not found, indicating that sum score comparisons are biased. A comparison of latent scores before and after MI adjustment showed both overestimation (e.g. avolition, d = 0.03 into d = -0.42) and underestimation (e.g. magical thinking, d = -0.03 into d = 0.33) of PE in LAMIC relative to HIC. After adjusting the CAPE for MI, participants from LAMIC reported significantly higher levels on most CAPE factors but a significantly lower level of avolition. CONCLUSION Previous studies using sum scores to compare differences across countries are likely to be biased. The direction of the bias involves both over- and underestimation of PEs in LAMIC compared to HIC. Nevertheless, the study confirms the basic finding that PEs are more frequent in LAMIC than in HIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edo S Jaya
- Psychosis Studies Research Group, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Caroline Wüsten
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Behrooz Z Alizadeh
- Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) Investigators
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research Center, The Netherlands
| | - Therese van Amelsvoort
- Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) Investigators
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University Medical Center, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Agna A Bartels-Velthuis
- Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) Investigators
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research Center, The Netherlands
| | - Nico J van Beveren
- Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) Investigators
- Antes Center for Mental Health Care, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Bruggeman
- Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) Investigators
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research Center, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) Investigators
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Altrecht, General Mental Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) Investigators
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Arkin, Institute for Mental Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Delespaul
- Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) Investigators
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University Medical Center, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jurjen J Luykx
- Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) Investigators
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) Investigators
- Department of Neuroscience, Research Group Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rene S Kahn
- Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) Investigators
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frederike Schirmbeck
- Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) Investigators
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Arkin, Institute for Mental Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia J P Simons
- Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) Investigators
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University Medical Center, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- GGzE Institute for Mental Health Care, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje E van Haren
- Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) Investigators
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jim van Os
- Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) Investigators
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, King's Health Partners, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - Ruud van Winkel
- Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) Investigators
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University Medical Center, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Research Group Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of La Rioja, La Rioja, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Emmanuelle Peters
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Hélène Verdoux
- University Bordeaux, U1219 Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Todd S Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Mental Health and Addictions Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tim B Ziermans
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tania M Lincoln
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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22
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Wachs S, Machimbarrena JM, Wright MF, Gámez-Guadix M, Yang S, Sittichai R, Singh R, Biswal R, Flora K, Daskalou V, Maziridou E, Hong JS, Krause N. Associations between Coping Strategies and Cyberhate Involvement: Evidence from Adolescents across Three World Regions. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:6749. [PMID: 35682330 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cyberhate represents a risk to adolescents' development and peaceful coexistence in democratic societies. Yet, not much is known about the relationship between adolescents' ability to cope with cyberhate and their cyberhate involvement. To fill current gaps in the literature and inform the development of media education programs, the present study investigated various coping strategies in a hypothetical cyberhate scenario as correlates for being cyberhate victims, perpetrators, and both victim-perpetrators. The sample consisted of 6829 adolescents aged 12-18 years old (Mage = 14.93, SD = 1.64; girls: 50.4%, boys: 48.9%, and 0.7% did not indicate their gender) from Asia, Europe, and North America. Results showed that adolescents who endorsed distal advice or endorsed technical coping showed a lower likelihood to be victims, perpetrators, or victim-perpetrators. In contrast, if adolescents felt helpless or endorsed retaliation to cope with cyberhate, they showed higher odds of being involved in cyberhate as victims, perpetrators, or victim-perpetrators. Finally, adolescents who endorsed close support as a coping strategy showed a lower likelihood to be victim-perpetrators, and adolescents who endorsed assertive coping showed higher odds of being victims. In conclusion, the results confirm the importance of addressing adolescents' ability to deal with cyberhate to develop more tailored prevention approaches. More specifically, such initiatives should focus on adolescents who feel helpless or feel inclined to retaliate. In addition, adolescents should be educated to practice distal advice and technical coping when experiencing cyberhate. Implications for the design and instruction of evidence-based cyberhate prevention (e.g., online educational games, virtual learning environments) will be discussed.
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23
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Ochnik D, Arzenšek A, Rogowska AM, Mars Bitenc U, Benatov J. Changes in Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Representative Sample of Young Adults from Germany, Israel, Poland, and Slovenia: A Longitudinal Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19105794. [PMID: 35627329 PMCID: PMC9141890 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this cross-national longitudinal study was to identify a change in mental health indicators: coronavirus-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), perceived stress, and fear of vaccination (FoVac). The first measurement (T1) took place in February 2021, and the second (T2) took place in May-June 2021. The sample consisted of 1723 participants across Germany, Israel, Poland, and Slovenia, between the age of 20 and 40 (M = 30.74, SD = 5.74). A paired-samples Student's t-test was used for testing the differences between T1 and T2. A repeated measures two-way ANOVA was performed to examine changes over time (T) and across the countries (C). A significant although small decrease at T2 was found for coronavirus-related PTSD, perceived stress, and FoVac. A significant main effect was found for T, C, and TxC for all variables, except the interaction effect for coronavirus-related PTSD and perceived stress. A medium effect size was found for coronavirus-related PTSD and FoVac across countries as well as perceived stress over time. A small effect size was revealed for coronavirus-related PTSD and FoVac over time, perceived stress across countries, and interaction for FoVac. A significant improvement in mental health was demonstrated across the four countries (particularly in Israel); however, there were still differences among each of them. Therefore, the cross-national context should be taken into consideration when analyzing the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Ochnik
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, 40-555 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana Arzenšek
- Faculty of Management, University of Primorska, 6101 Koper, Slovenia;
| | | | - Urša Mars Bitenc
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6101 Koper, Slovenia;
| | - Joy Benatov
- Department of Special Education, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
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24
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Gomez-Baya D, Garcia-Moro FJ, Nicoletti JA, Lago-Urbano R. A Cross-National Analysis of the Effects by Bullying and School Exclusion on Subjective Happiness in 10-Year-Old Children. Children (Basel) 2022; 9:children9020287. [PMID: 35205007 PMCID: PMC8870327 DOI: 10.3390/children9020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Literature to date has well supported the detrimental consequences of bullying and school exclusion in different countries, with negative outcomes in school adjustment or child psychological adjustment, among others. However, more research is needed to understand the effects on positive indicators of psychological well-being in children as subjective happiness. Cross-national studies are also recommended to examine the differential effects by country. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine bullying and school exclusion, and their effects on child subjective happiness, from a cross-national perspective. Data from the Second Wave of Children’s Worlds: International Survey of Children’s Well-being (ISCWeB) was used, from a sample of 12,623 children aged 10 years old from 15 countries. Participants completed self-report measures of bullying, school exclusion and subjective happiness. Results showed that 20.8% of children suffered harassment and 17.6% felt excluded, twice or more times, at school. Negative effects of bullying and exclusion on subjective happiness were observed in all the sample. Furthermore, differences by country were found in the frequency of bullying and exclusion, as well as in the size of their effects on happiness. These results underline the need to protect child psychological well-being by preventing bullying and school exclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Gomez-Baya
- Department of Social, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universidad de Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain; (D.G.-B.); (F.J.G.-M.)
| | - Francisco Jose Garcia-Moro
- Department of Social, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universidad de Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain; (D.G.-B.); (F.J.G.-M.)
| | - Javier Augusto Nicoletti
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Universidad Nacional de La Matanza, San Justo, Buenos Aires B1754, Argentina;
| | - Rocio Lago-Urbano
- Department of Social, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universidad de Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain; (D.G.-B.); (F.J.G.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-959219203
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25
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Alcaraz M, Hayford SR, Glick JE. Desired Fertility and Educational Aspirations: Adolescent Goals in Rapidly Changing Social Contexts. J Marriage Fam 2022; 84:7-31. [PMID: 35935276 PMCID: PMC9355342 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article analyzes the relationship between educational aspirations and fertility aspirations early in the life course in three different settings. BACKGROUND The negative relationship between women's educational attainment and childbearing is one of the most consistent associations in social science. Family scholars have a more limited understanding of the relationship between educational aspirations and fertility aspirations before childbearing or union formation. METHOD The authors use data collected in Jalisco, Mexico; Gaza, Mozambique; and Chitwan Valley, Nepal as part of the Family Migration and Early Life Outcomes project. They estimate nested Poisson regressions to model the relationship between adolescent educational aspirations and desired family size, controlling for individual- and household-level sociodemographic variables as well as adolescent beliefs and values. RESULTS On average, adolescents who desire more education want fewer children in unadjusted models. In Mozambique and Nepal, this association is attenuated in models accounting for household characteristics. In Mexico, the association persists after incorporating these factors, but the inclusion of individual aspirations attenuates the relationship between educational aspirations and desired family size. In Mozambique, the association of educational aspirations with desired family size is moderated by gender. CONCLUSION As young people enter adolescence, their desires for education and childbearing are inversely related, but the mechanisms driving this association vary across contexts. This variation may be related to linkages between education, social status, and family values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Alcaraz
- Corresponding Author: Melissa Alcaraz, Brigham Young University,
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26
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Gomez-Baya D, Babić Čikeš A, Hirnstein M, Kurtović A, Vrdoljak G, Wiium N. Positive Youth Development and Depression: An Examination of Gender Differences in Croatia and Spain. Front Psychol 2022; 12:689354. [PMID: 35126220 PMCID: PMC8814576 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.689354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a major public health issue and the literature has consistently showed that the rates of depression increase dramatically during youth transition to adulthood, and gender differences merge in this period. Positive youth development (PYD) framework is focused on strengths that make young people more resistant to negative outcomes, like depression, and more capable to choose a positive life direction. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between the 5Cs of PYD and depression in Croatia and Spain, as well as to analyze gender differences. This research was conducted within the PYD Cross-National Project. High school and university students from Eastern Croatia and Southern Spain participated in the study (M age = 19.37, SD = 2.11; 62.3% female). There were 584 students from Croatia and 768 students from Spain, who filled in self-reports of PYD and depression (i.e., PYD-SF and PHQ-9, respectively). Results showed that male participants presented more Competence and Confidence, while female participants reported more Connection, Caring, Character, overall PYD, but also more depressive symptoms. Furthermore, Confidence and Connection were negative correlates of depressive symptoms, with neither Spain nor Croatia showing remarkable gender differences. These results may have some implications concerning the promotion of the 5Cs of PYD as a recommendable approach to promote youth mental health in Croatia and Spain from a gender perspective. Youth mental health services and initiatives that engage the partnership of youth contexts, such as the family, schools and neighborhoods, should not only address risk factors for mental health problems, but also protecting factors as the 5Cs, thus providing a more inclusive and sustainable support for youth well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Gomez-Baya
- Department of Social, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sport Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Ana Babić Čikeš
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marina Hirnstein
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ana Kurtović
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Gabrijela Vrdoljak
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nora Wiium
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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27
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Cascio MA, Racine E. Autism service preferences of parents/guardians and autistic adults in five countries. Autism Res 2022; 15:570-585. [PMID: 35040590 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Scholars and activists debate whether people on the autism spectrum should access autism-specific services or general/inclusive/mainstream services. This article presents quantitative results from a mixed-methods survey of autistic adults and parents/guardians of autistic people in Canada, France, Germany, Italy, and the United States. Respondents reported categories of services used (autism-specific, mixed-disability, or general/inclusive/mainstream), satisfaction, and overall service preference. Most respondents preferred autism-specific services, followed by different categories of services for different service types. Demographic factors had little influence on overall service preferences. No significant differences were found between adults' and parents/guardians' overall service preferences. For parents/guardians, using autism-specific services was associated with a preference for autism-specific services. There were significant associations between the services respondents reported having previously used and their overall service preference. Parents/guardians in Italy and France reported lower satisfaction with many services. These results suggest that a preference for autism-specific services pervades different groups. While most respondents did endorse autism-specific services, the strong secondary preference for different service categories encourages providers and policy makers to attend to diverse needs. While satisfaction was generally middling to high, there remain areas for improvement, especially in general job training services. General services can use a Universal Design approach and collaborate with autism-specific and mixed-disability services to increase accessibility to diverse populations. The influence of previous service use on preferences suggests that providers can leverage strengths of existing services, leverage and create connections, and ask users about previous experiences to better address their expectations. LAY SUMMARY: This study asked autistic adults and parents/guardians of autistic people what they think about autism services. Most parents/guardians and adults liked services that focus on autism, but many parents/guardians and adults liked them for some things and not others. All services can ask people about services they used in the past and learn from the strengths of good services through Universal Design and working with other services.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ariel Cascio
- Pragmatic Health Ethics Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Division of Experimental Medicine), Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Biomedical Ethics Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Racine
- Pragmatic Health Ethics Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Division of Experimental Medicine), Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Biomedical Ethics Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Département de médicine, Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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28
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Celuch M, Oksanen A, Räsänen P, Costello M, Blaya C, Zych I, Llorent VJ, Reichelmann A, Hawdon J. Factors Associated with Online Hate Acceptance: A Cross-National Six-Country Study among Young Adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19010534. [PMID: 35010794 PMCID: PMC8744966 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Internet, specifically social media, is among the most common settings where young people encounter hate speech. Understanding their attitudes toward the phenomenon is crucial for combatting it because acceptance of such content could contribute to furthering the spread of hate speech as well as ideology contamination. The present study, theoretically grounded in the General Aggression Model (GAM), investigates factors associated with online hate acceptance among young adults. We collected survey data from participants aged 18-26 from six countries: Finland (n = 483), France (n = 907), Poland (n = 738), Spain (n = 739), the United Kingdom (n = 959), and the United States (n = 1052). Results based on linear regression modeling showed that acceptance of online hate was strongly associated with acceptance of violence in all samples. In addition, participants who admitted to producing online hate reported higher levels of acceptance of it. Moreover, association with social dominance orientation was found in most of the samples. Other sample-specific significant factors included participants' experiences with the Internet and online hate, as well as empathy and institutional trust levels. Significant differences in online hate acceptance levels and the strength of its connections to individual factors were found between the countries. These results provide important insights into the phenomenon, demonstrating that online hate acceptance is part of a larger belief system and is influenced by cultural background, and, therefore, it cannot be analyzed or combatted in isolation from these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Celuch
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland;
| | - Atte Oksanen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Pekka Räsänen
- Economic Sociology, Department of Social Research, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland;
| | - Matthew Costello
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology & Criminal Justice, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29643, USA;
| | - Catherine Blaya
- URMIS—The Migrations and Society Research Unit (CNRS 8245-IMR IRD 205), Université Côte d’Azur, 06046 Nice, France;
| | - Izabela Zych
- Department of Psychology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain;
| | | | - Ashley Reichelmann
- Department of Sociology, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (A.R.); (J.H.)
| | - James Hawdon
- Department of Sociology, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (A.R.); (J.H.)
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29
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Jiang H, Laslett AM, Kuntsche S, Callinan S, Waleewong O, Room R. A multi-country analysis of informal caregiving due to others' drinking. Drugs (Abingdon Engl) 2022; 29:702-711. [PMID: 36654831 PMCID: PMC9844966 DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2021.1974342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The burden of caring for drinkers is seldom articulated as a social concern, or integrated in service planning or alcohol policy. This study aims to examine prevalence and predictors of informal caregiving due to others' drinking cross-nationally by surveying 20,728 respondents (18-64 years) in 11 countries. The outcome variable was respondent-reported informal caregiving due to others' drinking, analysed by socio-demographic factors and drinking pattern using logistic regression and meta-analysis. Estimated overall prevalence of informal caregiving due to others' drinking ranged from 9% in Nigeria to 47% in Thailand. In most countries, females reported a higher rate than males of caring for children and other dependents, but males reported a higher rate of driving family or friends somewhere or picking them up. Logistic regression analysis found differences between high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries in the relationship of caregiving with employment and household composition. Respondent's own drinking was positively correlated with the prevalence of caregiving in 10 out of 11 countries. In general, younger adults and those who are themselves risky drinkers are more likely to have had caring responsibilities. Although problematic drinking is concentrated in specific subpopulations, the burden of care for others' drinking extends widely across the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Jiang
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne-Marie Laslett
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandra Kuntsche
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Orratai Waleewong
- International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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30
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Jorm AF, Mulder RT. National characteristics associated with prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms: a cross-sectional ecological study. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2022; 9:65-71. [PMID: 36618738 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2022.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-national comparisons of the prevalence of mental disorders have relied on lay-administered interviews scored using complex diagnostic algorithms. However, this approach has led to some paradoxical findings, with more vulnerable countries showing lower prevalence, and its appropriateness for cross-national comparisons has been questioned. This study used an alternative method involving simple questions from social surveys to assess the prevalence of specific depression and anxiety symptoms, and investigated their association with national indicators of human development, quality of government, mental health resources, and mental health governance. METHODS The study used data on the prevalence of three symptoms indicating depression or anxiety: sadness, worry, and unhappiness. These data were taken from the Gallup World Poll (142 countries) and the World Values Survey (77 countries). National characteristics examined covered indicators of human development (income, life span, education, gender equality), quality of government (human freedom, perceptions of corruption), mental health resources (per capita numbers of psychiatrists, mental health nurses, psychologists, and social workers), and mental health governance (whether there is a national mental health plan and a mental health law). RESULTS All the human development and quality of government indicators, and some of the mental health resource indicators, were strongly associated with a lower prevalence of symptoms. CONCLUSION Populations of nations with higher human development, quality of government, and mental health resources have better mental health when measured by the prevalence of specific symptoms.
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31
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Abstract
What can national governments do to improve their capacity for well-being? While increasing public medical care expenditures can facilitate increased well-being in developing nations, cross-national research often finds that public medical care expenditures have no effect on indicators of well-being, such as child mortality. This ineffective public spending could be due to a lack of governance; however, this relationship is understudied in the cross-national literature. Using 2-way fixed and generalized least squares random effects models for a sample of 74 low- and middle-income nations from 1996 to 2012, I examine how the interaction among 5 measures of national governance and public medical care expenditures impact child mortality. The findings reveal the importance of governance in determining the effectiveness of public medical care expenditures. Both public medical care expenditures and governance improvements are essential to reduce child mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie M. Sommer
- Department of Sociology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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32
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Lopes LC, Salas M, Osorio-de-Castro CGS, Leal LF, Doubova SV, Cañás M, Dreser A, Acosta A, Baldoni AO, de Cássia Bergamaschi C, Mota DM, Gómez-Galicia DL, Sepúlveda-Viveros D, Delgado EN, da Costa Lima E, Chandia FV, Ferre F, Marin GH, Olmos I, Zimmermann IR, Fulone I, Roldán-Saelzer J, Sánchez-Salgado JC, Castro-Pastrana LI, de Souza LJC, Beltrán MM, Silva MT, Mena MB, de França Fonteles MM, Urtasun MA, Mónica Tarapués MD, Patricia Granja Hernández MD, Medero N, Comoglio RH, Barberato-Filho S, Galvão TF, Luiza VL, Santa-Ana-Tellez Y, Tanta YR, Elseviers M. Data Sources for Drug Utilization Research in Latin American countries - a cross-national study: DASDUR-LATAM Study. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2021; 31:343-352. [PMID: 34957616 DOI: 10.1002/pds.5404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Drug utilization research (DUR) contributes to inform policymaking and to strengthen health systems. The availability of data sources is the first step for conducting DUR. However, documents that systematize these data sources in Latin American (LatAm) countries are not known. We compiled the potential data sources for DUR in the LatAm region. METHODS A network of DUR experts from nine LatAm countries was assembled and experts conducted: (i) a website search of the government, academic, and private health institutions; (ii) screening of eligible data sources, and (iii) liaising with national experts in pharmacoepidemiology (via an on-line survey). The data sources were characterized by accessibility, geographic granularity, setting, sector of the data, sources and type of the data. Descriptive analyses were performed. RESULTS We identified 125 data sources for DUR in nine LatAm countries. Thirty-eight (30%) of them were publicly and conveniently available; 89 (71%) were accessible with limitations, and 18 (14%) were not accessible or lacked clear rules for data access. From the 125 data sources, 76 (61%) were from the public sector only; 46 (37%) were from pharmacy records; 43 (34%) came from ambulatory settings and; 85 (68%) gave access to individual patient-level data. CONCLUSIONS Although multiple sources for DUR are available in LatAm countries, the accessibility is a major challenge. The procedures for accessing DUR data should be transparent, feasible, affordable and protocol-driven. This inventory could permit a comparison of drug utilization between countries identifying potential medication-related problems that need further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane C Lopes
- Pharmaceutical Science Graduate Course, Universidade de Sorocaba UNISO, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 92, 5, Sorocaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maribel Salas
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Address: 211 Mount Airy Road, 1A-453, Basking Ridge, New Jersey, USA.,CCEB/CPeRT., University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Claudia Garcia Serpa Osorio-de-Castro
- National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Ministry of Health), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Freitas Leal
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University/Centre for Clinical Epidemiology - Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, Canada, 3755 Côte-Ste-Catherine Road, Pavillion H-485, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Svetlana V Doubova
- National Medical Center Siglo XXI, Mexico, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico City (IMSS), Av Cuahutemos 330. México City, Mexico
| | - Martín Cañás
- Federación Médica de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (FEMEBA), Argentina, Calle 5 N° 473, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Anahi Dreser
- Centre for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico, Av. Universidad 655, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Angela Acosta
- University of Sao Paulo Department of Public Health, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Andre Oliveira Baldoni
- Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Dvinópolis, Brazil, R. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400 - Chanadour, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Cristiane de Cássia Bergamaschi
- Pharmaceutical Science Graduate Course, Universidade de Sorocaba UNISO, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 92, 5, Sorocaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Marques Mota
- Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency, Brasilia, Brazil.,Setor de Indústria e Abastecimento (SIA) - Trecho 5, Área Especial 57, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Diana L Gómez-Galicia
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Mexico, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | | | - Elisangela da Costa Lima
- School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Felipe Vera Chandia
- Unidad de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud, Centro de Investigación Clínica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile., Chile, Avda. Libertador Bernando O'Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Ferre
- Federal University of Minas Gerais - School of Medicine, Minas Gerais, Brazil, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190 - sala 503 / Belo Horizonte - MG zip 30130-100
| | - Gustavo H Marin
- Faculty of Medicine, National University of La Plata - CONICET, Argentina, Calle 60 y 120 (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ismael Olmos
- Servicios de Salud del Estado, Uruguay / Milán, Uruguay
| | - Ivan R Zimmermann
- Department of Public Health, University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Izabela Fulone
- Pharmaceutical Science Graduate Course, Universidade de Sorocaba UNISO, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 92, 5, Sorocaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juan Roldán-Saelzer
- Instituto de Salud Publica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Marathon 1000, Nunoa, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Lucila I Castro-Pastrana
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Mexico.,ExHacienda de Santa Catarina Mártir s/n, 72810, San Andrés Cholula, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Luiz Jupiter Carneiro de Souza
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Ministry of Health), Brasilia, Brazil.,Avenida L3 Norte, no number, Darcy Ribeiro University Campus (University of Brasília - UNB), Gleba A -ZIP Code: 70.904-130 - Brasília - DF, Brazil
| | | | - Marcus Tolentino Silva
- Pharmaceutical Science Graduate Course, Universidade de Sorocaba UNISO, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 92, 5, Sorocaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - María Belén Mena
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador, Calle Sodiro e Iquique Quito-Ecuador
| | - Marta Maria de França Fonteles
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, Rua Pastor Samuel Munguba, 1210, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza- Ceará, 60430-372, Brazil
| | - Martín A Urtasun
- Federación Médica de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (FEMEBA), Argentina, Calle 5 N° 473, La Plata, Argentina
| | - M D Mónica Tarapués
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador, Calle Sodiro e Iquique Quito-Ecuador
| | - M D Patricia Granja Hernández
- Hivos - Humanistic Organization for Social Change, Quito, Ecuador, Av. Amazonas 239 (entre 18 de septiembre y Jorge Washington) Quito - Ecuador
| | - Natalia Medero
- Servicios de Salud del Estado (ASSE), Montevedeo, Uruguay, Luis Alberto de Herrera 3326, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Raquel Herrera Comoglio
- Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Pharmacovigilance Service, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Santa Rosa 1564, X5000 ETF, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Silvio Barberato-Filho
- Pharmaceutical Science Graduate Course, University of Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil, Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 92,5, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Taís Freire Galvão
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campinas, Brazil, R. Cândido Portinari, 200 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz Campinas/SP 13083-871
| | - Vera Lucia Luiza
- National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Ministry of Health), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Yared Santa-Ana-Tellez
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Netherlands, David de Wiedgebouw, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Yesenia Rodríguez Tanta
- Institute of Health and Technology Assessment and Research - Social Security of Peru (ESSALUD), Lima, Peru, Jirón Domingo Cueto 109, Jesús María 15072 - Lima, Peru
| | - Monique Elseviers
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Ghent, Belgium, Centre for Research and Innovation in Care, University of Antwerp, Belgium, Campus Drie Eiken, Building R - Office R. 214 Universiteitsplein 1 2610 WILRIJK (Antwerpen), Belgium
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Ochnik D, Rogowska AM, Kuśnierz C, Jakubiak M, Wierzbik-Strońska M, Schütz A, Held MJ, Arzenšek A, Pavlova I, Korchagina EV, Aslan I, Çınar O. Exposure to COVID-19 during the First and the Second Wave of the Pandemic and Coronavirus-Related PTSD Risk among University Students from Six Countries-A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5564. [PMID: 34884266 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to reveal differences in exposure to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the first (W1) and the second (W2) waves of the pandemic in six countries among university students and to show the prevalence and associations between exposure to COVID-19 and coronavirus-related post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD) risk during W2. The repeated cross-sectional study was conducted among university students from Germany, Poland, Russia, Slovenia, Turkey, and Ukraine (W1: n = 1684; W2: n = 1741). Eight items measured exposure to COVID-19 (regarding COVID-19 symptoms, testing, hospitalizing quarantine, infected relatives, death of relatives, job loss, and worsening economic status due to the COVID-19 pandemic). Coronavirus-related PTSD risk was evaluated by PCL-S. The exposure to COVID-19 symptoms was higher during W2 than W1 among students from all countries, except Germany, where, in contrast, the increase in testing was the strongest. Students from Poland, Turkey, and the total sample were more frequently hospitalized for COVID-19 in W2. In these countries, and Ukraine, students were more often in quarantine. In all countries, participants were more exposed to infected friends/relatives and the loss of a family member due to COVID-19 in W2 than W1. The increase in job loss due to COVID-19 was only noted in Ukraine. Economic status during W2 only worsened in Poland and improved in Russia. This was due to the significant wave of restrictions in Russia and more stringent restrictions in Poland. The prevalence of coronavirus-related PTSD risk at three cutoff scores (25, 44, and 50) was 78.20%, 32.70%, and 23.10%, respectively. The prediction models for different severity of PTSD risk differed. Female gender, a prior diagnosis of depression, a loss of friends/relatives, job loss, and worsening economic status due to the COVID-19 were positively associated with high and very high coronavirus-related PTSD risk, while female gender, a prior PTSD diagnosis, experiencing COVID-19 symptoms, testing for COVID-19, having infected friends/relatives and worsening economic status were associated with moderate risk.
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Tagliabue S, Zambelli M, Sorgente A, Sommer S, Hoellger C, Buhl HM, Lanz M. Latent Congruence Model to Investigate Similarity and Accuracy in Family Members' Perception: The Challenge of Cross-National and Cross-Informant Measurement (Non)Invariance. Front Psychol 2021; 12:672383. [PMID: 34456789 PMCID: PMC8385144 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.672383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Several methods are available to answer questions regarding similarity and accuracy, each of which has specific properties and limitations. This study focuses on the Latent Congruence Model (LCM; Cheung, 2009), because of its capacity to deal with cross-informant measurement invariance issues. Until now, no cross-national applications of LCM are present in the literature, perhaps because of the difficulty to deal with both cross-national and cross-informant measurement issues implied by those models. This study presents a step-by-step procedure to apply LCM to dyadic cross-national research designs controlling for both cross-national and cross-informant measurement invariance. An illustrative example on parent–child support exchanges in Italy and Germany is provided. Findings help to show the different possible scenarios of partial invariance, and a discussion related to how to deal with those scenarios is provided. Future perspectives in the study of parent–child similarity and accuracy in cross-national research will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semira Tagliabue
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michela Zambelli
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Sorgente
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sommer
- Department of Psychology, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | | | - Heike M Buhl
- Department of Psychology, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Margherita Lanz
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
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35
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Fernandes D, Pivec T, Dost-Gözkan A, Uka F, Gaspar de Matos M, Wiium N. Global Overview of Youth Development: Comparison of the 5 Cs and Developmental Assets Across Six Countries. Front Psychol 2021; 12:685316. [PMID: 34367008 PMCID: PMC8342942 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.685316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive Youth Development (PYD) frameworks which describe young people's strengths and their relation to thriving and risk outcomes have gained significance among developmental researchers globally. As these models are being increasingly adopted, concerns remain about their generalizability outside of North America. It has been observed that the distribution and salience of assets differ for young people based on their cultural context. To better understand these varying developmental patterns, this paper studies the distribution of developmental assets and 5 Cs (Competence, Confidence, Character, Caring, and Connection) in youth from various countries and contrasting backgrounds. The total sample consisted of 4,175 students (62.5% females) with age ranging from 15 to 25 years (M = 18.95, SD = 2.49). 981 students were from Ghana (52.5% females), 900 students from Kosovo (66.7% females), 425 students from Norway (73.5% females), 247 students from Portugal (42.1% females), 648 students from Slovenia (63.4% females,), and 974 students from Turkey (68.7% females). Before comparisons of the countries, partial scalar invariance was confirmed. Analyses revealed that all countries differed in at least some internal or external developmental assets and at least in one of the 5 Cs. When considering internal assets, participants from Ghana seemed to have higher levels of internal assets together with participants from Norway who have the highest commitment to learning. Slovenian youth reported the highest levels of external assets of support and empowerment. Regarding the 5 Cs, Ghanaian youth reported having the highest confidence and character, and youth from Ghana, Kosovo, and Turkey are more caring and connected to others. The results uncovered unique patterns of PYD for each included country which are discussed through the lens of its political and social context. Through this focus on cross-national PYD patterns, this study advanced knowledge about the experiences of youth from a wide range of backgrounds and put forth suggestions for better policy measures and more culturally relevant interventions for optimal development of youth embedded in different cultures and countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Fernandes
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tina Pivec
- Center for Evaluation Studies, Educational Research Institute Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Fitim Uka
- Department of Psychology, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | | | - Nora Wiium
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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36
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Abstract
With much unknown about the new coronavirus, the scientific consensus is that human hosts are crucial to its spread and reproduction-the more people behave like regular socializing beings they are, the more likely it is that the virus will propagate. Hence, many nations worldwide have mandated physical-distancing measures. In the current preregistered research, we focus on examining two factors that may help explain differences in adherence to COVID-19 preventive behaviors and policy support across different countries-political orientation and analytic thinking. We positioned our research within the dual-process framework of human reasoning and investigated the role of cognitive reflection, open-minded thinking, and political ideology in determining COVID-19 responsible behavior (physical distancing and maintaining hygiene) and support for restrictive COVID-19 policies on a sample of 12,490 participants from 17 countries. We have not been able to detect substantial relationships of political orientation with preventive behaviors and policy support, and overall found no reliable evidence of politicization, nor polarization regarding the issue. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the inclination towards COVID-19 preventive measures and their endorsement were defined primarily by the tendency of open-minded thinking. Specifically, open-minded thinking was shown to be a predictor of all three criteria-avoiding physical contact, maintaining physical hygiene, and supporting COVID-19 restrictive mitigation policies. Cognitive reflection was predictive of lesser adherence to stricter hygiene and only very weakly predictive of lesser policy support. Furthermore, there was no evidence of these effects varying across political contexts. The mediation analysis suggested a partial mediation effect of COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs on the relationships of open-mindedness and cognitive reflection with physical distancing (but not adherence to stricter hygiene) and COVID-19 policy support, albeit very small and significant primarily due to sample size. There was also no evidence of these effects varying across political contexts. Finally, we have not been able to find strong evidence of political orientation modifying the relationship between analytical thinking and COVID-19 behaviors and policy support, although we explored the pattern of these effects in the US and Canadian samples for exploratory purposes and comparison with other similar studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Maglić
- Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar (IPI), Zagreb, Croatia
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Herchenroeder L, Mezquita L, Bravo AJ, Pilatti A, Prince MA, Study Team CCA. A cross-national examination of cannabis protective behavioral strategies' role in the relationship between Big Five personality traits and cannabis outcomes. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2021; 48:27-37. [PMID: 34134573 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2021.1919689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Problematic cannabis use is common among young adults across the world. However, limited research has examined whether etiological models predicting negative consequences are universal.Objective: The present study examined whether the Five-Factor Model of personality (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism) relates to cannabis outcomes via use of cannabis protective behavioral strategies (PBS) in a cross-national sample of college student cannabis users (i.e., used cannabis in the last 30 days).Method: Participants were 1175 university students (63.27% female) across five countries (United States, Argentina, Spain, Uruguay, and the Netherlands) recruited to complete an online survey.Results: PBS use mediated the associations between personality traits and cannabis consequences, such that higher conscientiousness (β = .20), agreeableness (β = .11), and lower emotional stability [i.e., higher neuroticism] (β = -.14) were associated with more PBS use. Higher PBS use was, in turn, associated with lower frequency of cannabis use (β = -.32); lower frequency of use was then associated with fewer cannabis consequences (β = .34). This sequential pathway was invariant across sex, but not countries. Notably, there were a number of differences in links between PBS and cannabis outcomes when comparing countries (e.g., negative associations in the US sample, but positive associations in the Argentina sample).Conclusions: Cannabis PBS mediates the relationship between personality traits and cannabis outcomes, but there are nuanced differences across countries (i.e., relationship between PBS and cannabis outcomes). Overall, students that are low in conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism and/or report low rates of PBS use may benefit from cannabis PBS-focused interventions that promote utilization of PBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Herchenroeder
- Department of Psychological Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - Laura Mezquita
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castellón, Spain
| | - Adrian J Bravo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - Angelina Pilatti
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi-CONICET-UNC, Argentina
| | - Mark A Prince
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Arokiamary B, Russell V, Lim HA, Koay JM, Xia J, Zhao XH, Xu X, Wu DX, Chen JX, Kua EH, Mahendran R. Educational environments in Asian medical schools: A cross-national comparison between Malaysia, Singapore, and China. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2021; 13:e12454. [PMID: 33646626 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Perceptions of the educational environment (EE) represent an important source of information on medical students' learning experience. Understanding and addressing these perceptions can help inform initiatives designed to improve the learning experience and educational outcomes, while comparison of student perceptions across medical schools can provide an added perspective. The aim of the study was to compare the EEs of three Asian medical schools: Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and University College Dublin Malaysia Campus, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore and Xiangya School of Medicine, China. METHODS Medical students in the clinical years (N = 1063) participated in a cross-sectional study using the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. RESULTS There were significant differences between the three medical schools in the total DREEM scores (F [2, 1059] = 38.29, p < .001), but all were in the category "more positive than negative" (mean score 135.42, range 128.97-142.44). Highest DREEM scores were noted in year 5 at RUMC (139.79 ± 79), year 3 at YLL (145.93 ± 14.52), and year 4 at XSM (138.56 ± 18.91). Variations in total and subscale DREEM scores were also found between clinical years in each medical school. DISCUSSION Total DREEM scores at the three medical schools are similar to those reported from other undergraduate settings. However, significant variations occurred in perceptions of the EE, as students progressed through the clinical years. Greater attention to the learning environment and the curriculum may improve students' educational experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathy Arokiamary
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland & University College Dublin Malaysia Campus, George Town, Malaysia
| | - Vincent Russell
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland & University College Dublin Malaysia Campus, George Town, Malaysia.,Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Haikel Asyraf Lim
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Academic Development, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Min Koay
- School of Pre-University Studies, DISTED College Penang, George Town, Malaysia
| | - Jie Xia
- Medical Psychological Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Zhao
- Medical Psychological Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Medical Psychological Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Da-Xing Wu
- Medical Psychological Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun-Xiang Chen
- Medical Psychological Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ee Heok Kua
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rathi Mahendran
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Academic Development, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Ayala A, Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Calderón-Larrañaga A, Beridze G, Teixeira L, Araújo L, Rojo-Pérez F, Fernández-Mayoralas G, Rodríguez-Rodríguez V, Quirós-González V, Zorrilla-Muñoz V, Agulló-Tomás MS, Ribeiro O, Forjaz MJ. Influence of Active and Healthy Ageing on Quality of Life Changes: Insights from the Comparison of Three European Countries. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:4152. [PMID: 33919964 PMCID: PMC8070976 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the determinants of quality of life (QoL) in older people in three European countries (Portugal, Spain and Sweden). A sample of 7589 participants in waves 4 (2011) and 6 (2015) of the Survey on Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) project, aged 50 and over and living in Portugal, Spain and Sweden, was included. The CASP-12 scale was used to measure QoL. A principal component analysis was performed to group preselected variables related to active and healthy ageing into the dimensions of health, social participation, and lifelong learning. A linear regression model was built using the change in CASP-12 scores over the 4-year follow-up as the dependent variable, including the interactions between country and each independent variable in the model. After four years, the average QoL increased in Portugal (difference = 0.8, p < 0.001), decreased in Spain (-0.8, p < 0.001), and remained constant in Sweden (0.1, p = 0.408). A significant country-participation component interaction (p = 0.039) was found. In Spain, a higher participation (β = 0.031, p = 0.002) was related to a higher QoL improvement at 4 years, but not in Sweden or Portugal. Physical health and emotional components (β = 0.099, p < 0.001), functional ability (β = 0.044, p = 0.023), and cognitive and sensory ability (β = 0.021, p = 0.026) were associated with QoL changes over time in all countries. The country-specific associations between health, social participation and QoL should be taken into account when developing public health policies to promote QoL among European older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Ayala
- Department of Statistics, University Carlos III of Madrid, 28903 Getafe, Spain;
- Health Service Research Network on Chronic Diseases (REDISSEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- University Institute of Gender Studies, University Carlos III of Madrid, 28903 Getafe, Spain; (V.Z.-M.); (M.S.A.-T.)
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Blázquez
- National Epidemiology Centre, Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaia Calderón-Larrañaga
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.C.-L.); (G.B.)
| | - Giorgi Beridze
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.C.-L.); (G.B.)
| | - Laetitia Teixeira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (L.A.); (O.R.)
| | - Lia Araújo
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (L.A.); (O.R.)
- School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-501 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fermina Rojo-Pérez
- Institute of Economics, Geography and Demography, Spanish National Research Council (IEGD-CSIC), 28037 Madrid, Spain; (F.R.-P.); (G.F.-M.); (V.R.-R.)
| | - Gloria Fernández-Mayoralas
- Institute of Economics, Geography and Demography, Spanish National Research Council (IEGD-CSIC), 28037 Madrid, Spain; (F.R.-P.); (G.F.-M.); (V.R.-R.)
| | - Vicente Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Institute of Economics, Geography and Demography, Spanish National Research Council (IEGD-CSIC), 28037 Madrid, Spain; (F.R.-P.); (G.F.-M.); (V.R.-R.)
| | | | - Vanessa Zorrilla-Muñoz
- University Institute of Gender Studies, University Carlos III of Madrid, 28903 Getafe, Spain; (V.Z.-M.); (M.S.A.-T.)
| | - María Silveria Agulló-Tomás
- University Institute of Gender Studies, University Carlos III of Madrid, 28903 Getafe, Spain; (V.Z.-M.); (M.S.A.-T.)
| | - Oscar Ribeiro
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (L.A.); (O.R.)
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria João Forjaz
- Health Service Research Network on Chronic Diseases (REDISSEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- National Epidemiology Centre, Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Ertanir B, Rietz C, Graf U, Kassis W. A Cross-National Validation of the Shortened Version of the Adolescent Stress Questionnaire (ASQ-S) Among Adolescents From Switzerland, Germany, and Greece. Front Psychol 2021; 12:619493. [PMID: 33897529 PMCID: PMC8064117 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.619493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The experience of stress is receiving increasing attention in the context of adolescent mental health, which is why a valid and reliable stress assessment instrument is of great importance. For this purpose, an English-language adolescent stress questionnaire (ASQ) was developed, which assesses the subjective stress experience of adolescents in different areas of life (e.g., at home, at school, and during leisure time). However, the latest long version of the questionnaire with 56 items (ASQ-2) was found to be too extensive, so a more economical short version ASQ-S with 27 items was developed. The aim of this study was to validate a German and a Greek version of the ASQ-S. In order to investigate the psychometric properties of the German and Greek ASQ-S confirmatory factor analysis, analyses of variance and correlations were applied to sample data from Switzerland, Germany, and Greece (N = 1,071 seventh-grade students; M age = 12.53; SD = 0.76). The results yielded only poor to moderate internal reliability across all three countries and the suggested 9-dimensional factor structure could not be confirmed. Instead, a modified 6-factor structure was tested which showed acceptable model fits while demonstrating form invariance across the three countries. Furthermore, the ASQ-S scales correlated positively with depressive symptoms and anxiety and negatively with self-esteem and life satisfaction, all of which supported adequate concurrent validity. The results revealed that the utility of the ASQ-S appears to be limited when translated to other languages and should be used with caution when administered in international contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyhan Ertanir
- Institute Research and Development, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Christian Rietz
- Department of Educational Science, Heidelberg University of Education, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Graf
- Department of Educational Science, Heidelberg University of Education, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wassilis Kassis
- Institute Research and Development, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Windisch, Switzerland
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Clancy EM, Klettke B, Crossman AM, Hallford DJ, Howard D, Toumbourou JW. Sext Dissemination: Differences across Nations in Motivations and Associations. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:2429. [PMID: 33801431 PMCID: PMC7967565 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sext dissemination presents policy and legislative challenges given its potential psychological, social, and legal harms. We report on a cross-national comparison of sext-image dissemination in a large sample of 1148 young adults aged 18-29 years (M = 22.54, SD = 2.50, 53.0% women, 47.0% men), either U.S. (53.8%) or Australian (46.2%) residents. The results indicate that 14% of young adults disseminated sexts, with no difference by gender or country. Over 50% of respondents indicated that the last time they received a disseminated sext, it was unexpected or unwelcome, with women twice as likely as men to receive unwelcome sexts. The most frequent motivations for sext dissemination were similar cross-nationally, relating to the attractiveness of the person depicted, as a joke, to gossip, because it was not a big deal, bragging, roasting or teasing, and to increase social status. Motivations of attractiveness, bragging, or social status were more commonly endorsed by men, while women endorsed reasons around gossip or roasting/teasing. Unique predictors of sext dissemination included U.S. residence, requesting sexts, receiving disseminated sexts, having one's own images disseminated, and more positive subjective norms to dissemination, and there was a country-gender interaction, where Australian women and U.S. men were more likely to disseminate sexts than then U.S. women or Australian men. The findings have implications for prevention programs seeking to address harmful online sexual interactions, including addressing respect, consent, and subjective norms supporting non-consensual dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Clancy
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood East 3125, Australia; (B.K.); (D.J.H.); (D.H.)
| | - Bianca Klettke
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood East 3125, Australia; (B.K.); (D.J.H.); (D.H.)
| | - Angela M. Crossman
- Department of Psychology, John Jay College, City University of New York, 524 West 59th Street, New York, NY 10019, USA;
| | - David J. Hallford
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood East 3125, Australia; (B.K.); (D.J.H.); (D.H.)
| | - Dominika Howard
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood East 3125, Australia; (B.K.); (D.J.H.); (D.H.)
| | - John W. Toumbourou
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong 3220, Australia;
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Haug E, Smith ORF, Bucksch J, Brindley C, Pavelka J, Hamrik Z, Inchley J, Roberts C, Mathisen FKS, Sigmundová D. 12-Year Trends in Active School Transport across Four European Countries-Findings from the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18042118. [PMID: 33671596 PMCID: PMC7926861 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Active school transport (AST) is a source of daily physical activity uptake. However, AST seems to have decreased worldwide over recent decades. We aimed to examine recent trends in AST and associations with gender, age, family affluence, and time to school, using data from the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study collected in 2006, 2010, 2014, and 2018 in the Czech Republic, Norway, Scotland, and Wales. Data from 88,212 students (11, 13 and 15 years old) revealed stable patterns of AST from 2006 to 2018, apart from a decrease in the Czech Republic between 2006 and 2010. For survey waves combined, walking to and from school was most common in the Czech Republic (55%) and least common in Wales (30%). Cycling was only common in Norway (22%). AST differed by gender (Scotland and Wales), by age (Norway), and by family affluence (everywhere but Norway). In the Czech Republic, family affluence was associated with change over time in AST, and the effect of travel time on AST was stronger. The findings indicate that the decrease in AST could be levelling off in the countries considered here. Differential associations with sociodemographic factors and travel time should be considered in the development of strategies for AST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Haug
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
- Department of Teacher Education, NLA University College, 5012 Bergen, Norway
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-958-095-48
| | | | - Jens Bucksch
- Department of Prevention and Health Promotion, Faculty of Natural and Human Sciences, Heidelberg University of Education, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Catherina Brindley
- Department of Prevention and Health Promotion, Faculty of Natural and Human Sciences, Heidelberg University of Education, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Jan Pavelka
- Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, 77111 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (J.P.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zdenek Hamrik
- Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, 77111 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (J.P.); (Z.H.)
| | - Joanna Inchley
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G37 HR, UK;
| | - Chris Roberts
- Social Research and Information Devision, Welsh Government, Cardiff CF10 3NQ, UK;
| | | | - Dagmar Sigmundová
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, 77111 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
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Nam S, Pritchard KT, Bae S, Hong I. Cross-National Comparisons of Cognitive and Physical Health in Older Adults Across China, Japan, and Korea: A Systematic Review. Inquiry 2021; 58:469580211062451. [PMID: 34898332 PMCID: PMC8671655 DOI: 10.1177/00469580211062451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Cross-national studies are an emerging research area in public health. Specifically, cross-national health comparisons are important for understanding the factors driving the success or failure of public health policies. Therefore, this study systematically analyzed studies that compared health status (physical health and cognition) of the older adults using national panel data for three East Asian countries—China, Japan, and Korea. Methods Google Scholar and PubMed were used for the literature search. The search strategy targeted papers published between 2005 and 2020, yielding a total of 2690 papers, of which seven were selected for the review. The Center for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM) criteria was used to assess study design quality. The risk of bias for non-randomized studies (RoBANS) tool, a quality assessment tool developed in Korea to evaluate non-randomized interventional studies, measured risk of bias. Results Of the seven included papers, two studies performed cognitive comparisons, four studies performed physical health comparisons, and one study compared both cognition and physical health. The studies selected for this study by CEBM criteria included four prospective cohort studies (Level 2B) and three expert opinions without explicit critical appraisal (Level 5). Risk of bias using the RoBANS tool found a risk of confounding variables in four out of seven papers. Finally, measurement items of cognitive and physical health differed across all three countries’ panel surveys. Conclusion These results suggest that in order to compare East Asian health policies according to the aging society, it is necessary to develop consistent cognitive and physical health evaluation tools in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghun Nam
- Department of Occupational Therapy, 65448College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Kevin T Pritchard
- Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, 12338University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Suyeong Bae
- Department of Occupational Therapy, 65448College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ickpyo Hong
- Department of Occupational Therapy, 65448College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju-si, Republic of Korea
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44
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Dheer RJS, Egri CP, Treviño LJ. A cross-cultural exploratory analysis of pandemic growth: The case of COVID-19. J Int Bus Stud 2021; 52:1871-1892. [PMID: 34305192 PMCID: PMC8294215 DOI: 10.1057/s41267-021-00455-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Although the novel coronavirus that has resulted in more than 3 million deaths and 140 million cases of infection worldwide has wreaked havoc globally, some nations were more successful than others in curbing growth in their number of cases, thereby saving lives. In this research note, we integrate insights from cross-cultural research with inquiry in social psychology and public health literatures to advance a theoretically grounded and culturally derived explanation of cross-national variance in the growth rate of COVID-19. Our multi-level analyses, based on longitudinal time series data from 107 nations, and focused on the first 91 days of this pandemic in different nations, illustrate the direct and interactive effects of culture. Specifically, we find that individualism and uncertainty avoidance have a positive impact, while power distance and masculinity have a negative impact, on the growth rate of COVID-19 cases. Three-way interaction analyses between time, government stringency, and culture indicate that early government stringency attenuated pandemic growth, and this attenuation effect was more significant in collectivistic than in individualistic nations, and in high rather than low power distance nations. Our findings provide evidence that can enable policymakers and organizations to develop strategies that not only conform to science but that also consider the cultural orientation of nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratan J. S. Dheer
- Department of Management, College of Business, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197 USA
| | - Carolyn P. Egri
- Beedie School of Business, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Len J. Treviño
- Department of Management Programs, College of Business, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA
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45
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Earle M, Hoffarth MR, Prusaczyk E, MacInnis C, Hodson G. A multilevel analysis of LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender) rights support across 77 countries: The role of contact and country laws. Br J Soc Psychol 2020; 60:851-869. [PMID: 33372304 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although intergroup contact reduces prejudice generally, there are growing calls to examine contextual factors in conjunction with contact. Such an approach benefits from more sophisticated analytic approaches, such as multilevel modelling, that take both the individual (Level-1) and their environment (Level-2) into account. Using this approach, we go beyond attitudes to assess both individual and contextual predictors of support for gay/lesbian and transgender rights. Using a sample of participants across 77 countries, results revealed that personal gay/lesbian contact (Level-1) and living in a country with more gay/lesbian rights (Level-2) predicted greater support for gay/lesbian rights (n = 71,991). Likewise, transgender contact and living in a country with more transgender rights predicted more support for transgender rights (n = 70,056). Cross-level interactions are also presented and discussed. Overall, findings highlight the importance of both individual and contextual factors in predicting support for LGBT communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Earle
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Elvira Prusaczyk
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cara MacInnis
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gordon Hodson
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
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Nicholson K, De Burghgraeve T, Fortin M, Griffith LE, Licher S, Lizotte D, Mair FS, Miozzo R, Nouri MS, Ryan BL, Lee ES, Smith S, Stewart M, Terry AL, Tisminetzky M, Ukhanova M, Wetmore S, Stranges S. Advancing cross-national planning and partnership: Proceedings from the International Multimorbidity Symposium 2019. J Comorb 2020; 10:2235042X20953313. [PMID: 33033706 PMCID: PMC7525218 DOI: 10.1177/2235042x20953313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The International Multimorbidity Symposium was held in November 2019 at
Western University to achieve three main objectives: to discuss
progress and findings from various jurisdictions; to facilitate
collaboration through group discussion to identify strategies to move
multimorbidity research forward; and to create concrete plans to
ensure advances in multimorbidity research and knowledge can be
achieved through cross-national partnership. This event included
keynote presentations, elevator pitch presentations and breakout
sessions and there was a total of 35 attendees from eight countries,
representing diverse disciplines and training levels. The overall
themes arising from the event were: the importance of integrating the
study and management of multimorbidity from both the primary care and
public health perspectives; meaningful engagement and collaboration
with patients and caregivers to understand key dimensions of
multimorbidity; the considerable benefit of collaborative
international partnerships; and the need to spread and scale
innovations for health care systems that can better respond to the
complex needs of patients and caregivers who are living with
multimorbidity. Finally, it was well-acknowledged among the attendees
that expanding the collaboration and discussion among international
colleagues via in-person and virtual events will be important to move
multimorbidity research forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Nicholson
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Martin Fortin
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Saguenay - Lac St-Jean, Québec, Canada
| | - Lauren E Griffith
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Silvan Licher
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Lizotte
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada .,Department of Computer Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frances S Mair
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Ruben Miozzo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maede Sadat Nouri
- Department of Computer Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bridget L Ryan
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada .,Department of Family Medicine, Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eng Sing Lee
- National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, Singapore
| | - Susan Smith
- Department of General Practice, HRB Centre for Primary Care Research, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Moira Stewart
- Department of Family Medicine, Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda L Terry
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada .,Department of Family Medicine, Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Schulich Interfaculty Program in Public Health, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mayra Tisminetzky
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Stephen Wetmore
- Department of Family Medicine, Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Saverio Stranges
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada .,Department of Family Medicine, Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
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47
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Lam JSH, Links PS, Shera W, Law S, Fung WLA, Tsang AKT, Eynan R, Zhang X, Liu P, Zaheer J. Lessons from a Canada-China cross-national qualitative suicide research collaboration. Glob Public Health 2020; 15:1730-1739. [PMID: 32450777 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2020.1771394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A cross-national qualitative suicide study was conducted by Tsinghua University and the University of Toronto with two samples of Chinese women in Beijing and Toronto. The aim of this article is to reflect on lessons learned from this collaborative study. A literature review guided the analysis. A focus group was conducted with members of both research teams. A semi-structured interview guide was developed to explore the researchers' experiences of participating in the cross-national study. Focus group transcript data and observations from authors informed the analysis, situated in the existing literature on cross-national qualitative health research and guided by Baistow's cross-national research frame. Our study highlights how cross-national research involves conceptual and practical challenges that require negotiation. Such research also holds many opportunities, including (1) using a different cultural lens to understand differences and clarify similarities cross-culturally; (2) co-constructing knowledge through collaboration; (3) deconstructing one's own assumptions; and (4) engaging in an inspiring and empowering experience in collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- June Sing Hong Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul S Links
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Wes Shera
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Samuel Law
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Wai Lun Alan Fung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Mount Sinai Hospital and North York General Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Tyndale University, Toronto, Canada
| | - A Ka Tat Tsang
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rahel Eynan
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pozi Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Juveria Zaheer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Health Outcomes and Performance Evaluation (HOPE) Research Unit, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
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Abstract
The objectives of this investigation were to identify a valid and practical benchmark for the assessment of healthy aging in the Chinese population and examine its socio-structural correlates. Using data from the 2011 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we investigated the validity of a continuum of healthy aging definitions. We found that definitions of healthy aging that emphasize disease of "significance" and functional health offer a valid and practical approach to the assessment of healthy aging. Results of multilevel logistic regression analyses indicate that socio-structural characteristics of individuals (age, gender, education, and pension status), their households (structure and wealth), and communities (infrastructure and geographic region) are significantly associated with the odds of healthy aging. Policy-level interventions are needed to enable individuals, regardless of their gender, socioeconomic status, and place of residence to experience a healthy old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J McLaughlin
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Suzanne S X Tham
- Department of Social Work, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jiaan Zhang
- Department of Social Work, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lydia W Li
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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49
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Shinan-Altman S, Gum AM, Ayalon L. Moving to a Continuing Care Retirement Community or Staying in the Community? A Comparison Between American and Israeli Older Adults. J Appl Gerontol 2019; 39:1221-1229. [PMID: 31587605 DOI: 10.1177/0733464819879015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the theory of diffusion of innovations, this study examined differences between American and Israeli older adults who decided to move to continuing care retirement communities (CCRC) and American and Israeli older adults who decided to stay at home. A total of 101 American participants (52 residents, 49 nonresidents) and 154 Israeli participants (104 residents, 50 nonresidents) completed measures of attitudes toward CCRCs, well-being, limitations in daily living, health status, proximity to services, and collectivism. Americans were more likely to relocate to CCRCs compared with staying at home when they reported positive attitudes toward CCRCs, higher well-being, and poorer subjective health. Among Israelis, positive attitudes toward CCRCs, better subjective health, and higher collectivism were associated with moving to CCRCs compared with staying at home. This study has implications for facilitating older adults' decision-making and CCRC policies, as findings point to potential sources of influence on older adults' decision to relocate.
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50
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Werner P, Kalaitzaki AE, Spitzer N, Raviv-Turgeman L, Koukouli S, Tziraki C. Stigmatic beliefs towards persons with dementia: comparing Israeli and Greek college students. Int Psychogeriatr 2019; 31:1393-401. [PMID: 31309916 DOI: 10.1017/S104161021900070X] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increasing Alzheimer's Disease (AD) awareness and decreasing stigmatic beliefs among the general public are core goals of National Dementia Strategy programs. College students are one of the most important targeted populations for achieving this goal. The aim of the current study was to examine AD public stigma among Israeli and Greek college students. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey was conducted among college students in Israel and Greece using vignette methodology. PARTICIPANTS Seven hundred and fifty three college students - 213 Israeli and 540 Greek - participated in the study. MEASUREMENTS Three dimensions of stigma were assessed (cognitive, emotional, and behavioral) together with health beliefs regarding AD and socio-demographic characteristics. RESULTS Low levels of stigma were found in both samples, with Israeli students reporting statistically significant higher levels of stigmatic beliefs than Greek students in all the dimensions, except with willingness to help. Similar to stigma in the area of mental illness, the findings in both countries supported an attributional model for AD public stigma, i.e. positive correlations were found among cognitive attributions, negative emotions, and discriminatory behaviors in both countries. Differences between the countries emerged as a significant determinant of cognitive, as well as of negative emotions and willingness to help. CONCLUSION Our findings might help researchers and clinicians to apply the knowledge gained in the area of mental illness to the development of effective ways of reducing AD public stigma. Moreover, they allowed us to frame the understanding of AD public stigma within a socio-cultural context.
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