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Autric-Tamayo G, Sánchez-Román M, Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Rojo-Abuín JM, Ayala A, Forjaz MJ, Molina MA, Rojo-Pérez F, Rodríguez-Rodríguez V, Fernández-Mayoralas G. Changes in perceived health status in older men and women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eur J Public Health 2022. [PMCID: PMC9620156 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac130.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted older people. The disease and the measures to combat it have had a differential impact according to gender, with higher mortality rates in men and worse psychological and social consequences in women. The objective of this work is to analyze the changes in perceived health of older people in Europe during the first months of the pandemic and to assess the combined role of age and gender. Methods Wave 8 data of SHARE-corona (Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe) (n = 51,695, aged≥50) collected between Jun-Aug 2020 were used. Perceived health status was explored with a question on whether there has been a change compared with the health status before the COVID-19 outbreak (response options: worse, the same and better). Two-way ANOVA with interaction and Student's t-test with Bonferroni correction were used to compare the effects of gender and age group (50-59 years, 60-69 years, 70-79 years, and ≥80) in changes in perceived health. Results Differences in perceived health were observed by age, as well as by gender in participants aged ≥70 years (F = 91.94; p < 0.001). These differences were significant both by gender (F = 19.39; p < 0.001) and age (F = 191.79; p < 0.001). No interaction was detected between both factors (p = 0.170), which allowed their effect to be studied individually. Among the people who reported a worsening in their perceived health, women aged 70 to 79 years predominated (11.1%), followed by men aged 80 and over (15.3%) and women of the same age group (16.4%). Conclusions The results suggest an association between the change in perceived health during the pandemic and age. Women have a slightly worse health status than men in all age groups. Therefore, gender can be considered as an influential factor in perceived health in old age, which in turn can have a potential impact in the quality of life of older people. Funding Projects Ref. H2019/HUM-5698 and Ref. 202010E158. Key messages
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Affiliation(s)
- G Autric-Tamayo
- Grupo de Investigación en Envejecimiento, Instituto de Economía, Geografía y Demografía CSIC , Madrid, Spain
| | - M Sánchez-Román
- Grupo de Investigación en Envejecimiento, Instituto de Economía, Geografía y Demografía CSIC , Madrid, Spain
| | | | - JM Rojo-Abuín
- Unidad de Análisis Estadístico, UAE-CCHS, CSIC , Madrid, Spain
| | - A Ayala
- Universidad Carlos III , Madrid, Spain
| | - MJ Forjaz
- Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid, Spain
| | | | - F Rojo-Pérez
- Grupo de Investigación en Envejecimiento, Instituto de Economía, Geografía y Demografía CSIC , Madrid, Spain
| | - V Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Grupo de Investigación en Envejecimiento, Instituto de Economía, Geografía y Demografía CSIC , Madrid, Spain
| | - G Fernández-Mayoralas
- Grupo de Investigación en Envejecimiento, Instituto de Economía, Geografía y Demografía CSIC , Madrid, Spain
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Acosta LD, Cardona Arango D, Vilton Costa J, Delgado A, Freire FHMDA, Garay S, Gomez-León M, Paredes Della Croce M, Peláez E, Rodríguez Rodríguez V, Rojo-Pérez F, Silva-Ramirez R. Las personas mayores frente al COVID-19: tendencias demográficas y acciones políticas. RELAP 2021. [DOI: 10.31406/relap2021.v15.i2.n29.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
El impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la población de los países de América Latina (AL) depende en gran medida de las acciones de política pública (en general) y de salud (en particular) que los gobiernos hayan adoptado para frenar su avance y efectos. Especial atención merecen las personas mayores como grupo demográfico de más vulnerabilidad frente a esta enfermedad infecciosa. Así, este trabajo tiene dos objetivos: primero, examinar la tendencia de COVID-19 a partir de los casos confirmados y la mortalidad por esa causa entre personas adultas mayores de una selección de países de AL (Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, México y Uruguay) junto con España; para luego destacar las acciones y políticas dirigidas a la atención de la población mayor en cada país durante la primera ola de la pandemia.
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Ayala A, Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Calderón-Larrañaga A, Beridze G, Teixeira L, Araújo L, Rojo-Pérez F, Fernández-Mayoralas G, Rodríguez-Rodríguez V, Quirós-González V, Zorrilla-Muñoz V, Agulló-Tomás MS, Ribeiro O, Forjaz MJ. Influence of Active and Healthy Ageing on Quality of Life Changes: Insights from the Comparison of Three European Countries. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:4152. [PMID: 33919964 PMCID: PMC8070976 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the determinants of quality of life (QoL) in older people in three European countries (Portugal, Spain and Sweden). A sample of 7589 participants in waves 4 (2011) and 6 (2015) of the Survey on Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) project, aged 50 and over and living in Portugal, Spain and Sweden, was included. The CASP-12 scale was used to measure QoL. A principal component analysis was performed to group preselected variables related to active and healthy ageing into the dimensions of health, social participation, and lifelong learning. A linear regression model was built using the change in CASP-12 scores over the 4-year follow-up as the dependent variable, including the interactions between country and each independent variable in the model. After four years, the average QoL increased in Portugal (difference = 0.8, p < 0.001), decreased in Spain (-0.8, p < 0.001), and remained constant in Sweden (0.1, p = 0.408). A significant country-participation component interaction (p = 0.039) was found. In Spain, a higher participation (β = 0.031, p = 0.002) was related to a higher QoL improvement at 4 years, but not in Sweden or Portugal. Physical health and emotional components (β = 0.099, p < 0.001), functional ability (β = 0.044, p = 0.023), and cognitive and sensory ability (β = 0.021, p = 0.026) were associated with QoL changes over time in all countries. The country-specific associations between health, social participation and QoL should be taken into account when developing public health policies to promote QoL among European older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Ayala
- Department of Statistics, University Carlos III of Madrid, 28903 Getafe, Spain;
- Health Service Research Network on Chronic Diseases (REDISSEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- University Institute of Gender Studies, University Carlos III of Madrid, 28903 Getafe, Spain; (V.Z.-M.); (M.S.A.-T.)
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Blázquez
- National Epidemiology Centre, Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaia Calderón-Larrañaga
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.C.-L.); (G.B.)
| | - Giorgi Beridze
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.C.-L.); (G.B.)
| | - Laetitia Teixeira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (L.A.); (O.R.)
| | - Lia Araújo
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (L.A.); (O.R.)
- School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-501 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fermina Rojo-Pérez
- Institute of Economics, Geography and Demography, Spanish National Research Council (IEGD-CSIC), 28037 Madrid, Spain; (F.R.-P.); (G.F.-M.); (V.R.-R.)
| | - Gloria Fernández-Mayoralas
- Institute of Economics, Geography and Demography, Spanish National Research Council (IEGD-CSIC), 28037 Madrid, Spain; (F.R.-P.); (G.F.-M.); (V.R.-R.)
| | - Vicente Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Institute of Economics, Geography and Demography, Spanish National Research Council (IEGD-CSIC), 28037 Madrid, Spain; (F.R.-P.); (G.F.-M.); (V.R.-R.)
| | | | - Vanessa Zorrilla-Muñoz
- University Institute of Gender Studies, University Carlos III of Madrid, 28903 Getafe, Spain; (V.Z.-M.); (M.S.A.-T.)
| | - María Silveria Agulló-Tomás
- University Institute of Gender Studies, University Carlos III of Madrid, 28903 Getafe, Spain; (V.Z.-M.); (M.S.A.-T.)
| | - Oscar Ribeiro
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (L.A.); (O.R.)
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria João Forjaz
- Health Service Research Network on Chronic Diseases (REDISSEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- National Epidemiology Centre, Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Sánchez-González D, Rojo-Pérez F, Rodríguez-Rodríguez V, Fernández-Mayoralas G. Environmental and Psychosocial Interventions in Age-Friendly Communities and Active Ageing: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E8305. [PMID: 33182710 PMCID: PMC7696667 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: The academic literature contains little information regarding the interventions that create age-friendly cities and communities in order to promote active ageing. Objectives: A systematic review was carried out to determine the available empirical evidence in relation to the characteristics, content and effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving environmental and psychosocial risk factors for older people, from the perspective of age-friendly communities and the promotion of active ageing. Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, the studies retained in this review were identified through a systematic search of the academic literature in selected electronic databases including Web of Science and Scopus. Independent critical appraisal and data extraction were conducted by two reviewers. The checklist was used to assess the quality of the articles. Findings: The search identified 1020 potentially eligible documents, of which 11 satisfied the established criteria. Non-exhaustive practices prevailed over rigorous investigations, with a high proportion of studies observed to be of low methodological quality and at high risk of bias. This reflected the predominance of uncontrolled interventions. Environmental interventions were focused on reducing risk and adapting the everyday environmental setting, while psychosocial interventions prioritised social strategies (behavioural changes, promotion of participation) and training. Interventions were more effective in certain domains of age-friendly cities and communities such as transportation and housing, followed by increased participation as a lifestyle-related behavioural change. The inferred changes were associated with providing information and enhancing skills; modifying access, barriers, exposures, and opportunities; enhancing services and support; continuity and effectiveness of changes over time; and modifying policies based on the bottom-up approach of age-friendly cities and communities (AFCC). Discussion and conclusion: Interventions focused on personal and organisational aspects might have positive effects in the longer term. However, fewer changes would be observed in interventions revolving around changing lifestyles owing to the impact of complex multi-causal factors. The relative effectiveness in terms of health calls into question the design of interventions and the supposed "friendliness" of certain communities. There is a need to encourage sound longitudinal research aimed at providing key knowledge for the implementation and evaluation of public policies, and to encourage age-friendly community programmes to promote active ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sánchez-González
- Department of Geography, National Distance Education University (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fermina Rojo-Pérez
- Research Group on Ageing (GIE-CSIC), Institute of Economics, Geography and Demography (IEGD), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 28037 Madrid, Spain; (F.R.-P.); (V.R.-R.); (G.F.-M.)
- Ageing Network of the Latin American Population Association (ALAP), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vicente Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Research Group on Ageing (GIE-CSIC), Institute of Economics, Geography and Demography (IEGD), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 28037 Madrid, Spain; (F.R.-P.); (V.R.-R.); (G.F.-M.)
- Ageing Network of the Latin American Population Association (ALAP), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gloria Fernández-Mayoralas
- Research Group on Ageing (GIE-CSIC), Institute of Economics, Geography and Demography (IEGD), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 28037 Madrid, Spain; (F.R.-P.); (V.R.-R.); (G.F.-M.)
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Pino-Domínguez L, Navarro-Gil P, González-Vélez AE, Prieto-Flores ME, Ayala A, Rojo-Pérez F, Fernández-Mayoralas G, Martínez-Martín P, Forjaz MJ. Self-perceived health status, gender, and work status. J Women Aging 2016; 28:386-94. [PMID: 27191533 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2015.1018030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzes the relationship between gender and self-perceived health status in Spanish retirees and housewives from a sample of 1,106 community-dwelling older adults. A multivariate linear regression model was used in which self-perceived health status was measured by the EQ-5D visual analogue scale and gender according to work status (retired men and women and housewives). Retired males reported a significantly better health status than housewives. Self-perceived health status was closely associated with physical, mental, and functional health and leisure activities. Finally, being a woman with complete dedication to domestic work is associated with a worse state of self-perceived health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Pino-Domínguez
- a Subdirection of Development and Care Quality , Cantabrian Health Service , Santander , Spain
| | | | | | | | - Alba Ayala
- e National School of Public Health and REDISSEC , Institute of Health Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
| | - Fermina Rojo-Pérez
- f Center for Human and Social Sciences , Spanish National Research Council , Madrid , Spain
| | | | - Pablo Martínez-Martín
- g National Center of Epidemiology and CIBERNED , Institute of Health Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
| | - Maria João Forjaz
- e National School of Public Health and REDISSEC , Institute of Health Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
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Fernández-Mayoralas G, Rojo-Pérez F, Martínez-Martín P, Prieto-Flores ME, Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Martín-García S, Rojo-Abuín JM, Forjaz MJ. Active ageing and quality of life: factors associated with participation in leisure activities among institutionalized older adults, with and without dementia. Aging Ment Health 2015; 19:1031-41. [PMID: 25584744 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2014.996734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Active ageing, considered from the perspective of participation in leisure activities, promotes life satisfaction and personal well-being. The aims of this work are to define and explain leisure activity profiles among institutionalized older adults, considering their sociodemographic characteristics and objective and subjective conditions in relation to their quality of life. METHODS Two samples of institutionalized people aged 60 and over were analysed together: 234 older adults without dementia and 525 with dementia. Sociodemographic, economic, family and social network, and health and functioning variables were selected. Cluster analysis was applied to obtain activity profiles according to the leisure activities, and ordinal regression models were performed to analyse factors associated to activity level. RESULTS The sample was clustered into three groups of people: active (27%), moderately active (35%) and inactive people (38%). In the final regression model (Nagelkerke pseudo R(2) = 0.500), a higher level of activity was associated with better cognitive function (Pfeiffer scale), self-perceived health status and functional ability, as well as with a higher frequency of gathering with family and friends, and higher educational level. CONCLUSION The decline in physical and mental health, the loss of functional capabilities and the weakening of family and social ties represent a significant barrier to active ageing in a context of institutionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Fernández-Mayoralas
- a Institute of Economics, Geography and Demography (IEGD) , Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) , Madrid , Spain
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León-Salas B, Ayala A, Blaya-Nováková V, Avila-Villanueva M, Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Rojo-Pérez F, Fernández-Mayoralas G, Martínez-Martín P, Forjaz MJ. Quality of life across three groups of older adults differing in cognitive status and place of residence. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 15:627-35. [PMID: 25109790 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in older adults is determined by personal conditions, as well as by the social and physical environment. The purpose of the present study was to describe the factors related to health conditions and residential environment that influence HRQOL of older adults. METHODS Data from 1815 cases came from three cross-sectional surveys on quality of life in older adults in Spain: non-institutionalized older adults (n = 1106), institutionalized older adults without dementia (n = 234) and institutionalized older adults with dementia (n = 475). Assessment instruments used were: Barthel Index, Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire, Comorbidity Index, EQ-5D-3L (5 dimensions, EQ-index and EQ-VAS), and information about sociodemographic characteristics and social networks. Partial correlation and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out. RESULTS In group comparisons, institutionalized older adults showed a higher percentage of problems in the EQ-5D-3L dimensions than the non-institutionalized ones. Also, older adults with dementia presented less pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression than the other groups, but showed more problems in mobility, self-care and usual activities. EQ-Index showed a high association with functional independence, perceived health status and comorbidity. According to the logistic regression models, the Barthel Index was the most common determinant for most of EQ-5D-3L dimensions in all groups. CONCLUSION Institutionalized older adults with dementia presented lower HRQOL than the other groups. Functional independence, comorbidity and cognitive status were the main HRQOL determinants in all groups. Maintenance and improvement of the functional condition might be translated into a higher HRQOL of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz León-Salas
- Alzheimer Disease Research Unit, CIEN Foundation, Carlos III Institute of Health, Alzheimer Center Reina Sofia Foundation, Madrid, Spain
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Fernandez-Martinez B, Prieto-Flores ME, Forjaz MJ, Fernández-Mayoralas G, Rojo-Pérez F, Martínez-Martín P. Self-perceived health status in older adults: regional and sociodemographic inequalities in Spain. Rev Saude Publica 2012; 46:310-9. [PMID: 22437859 DOI: 10.1590/s0034-89102012000200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess regional and sociodemographic differences in self-perceived health status among older adults. METHODS A face-to-face quality of life survey was conducted in a representative sample of the Spanish population comprising 1,106 non-institutionalized elderly aged 60 or more in 2008. Logistic regression models were used to explain self-perceived health status according to the EuroQol Group Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS). Independent variables included sociodemographic and health characteristics as well as the nomenclature of territorial units for statistics level 1 (NUTS1: group of autonomous regions) and level 2 (NUTS 2: autonomous regions). RESULTS Younger and better off respondents were more likely to have a positive self-perceived health status. Having no chronic conditions, independence in performing daily living activities and lower level of depression were also associated with positive self-perceived health status. People living in the south of Spain showed a more negative self-perceived health status than those living in other regions. CONCLUSION The study results point to health inequality among Spanish older adults of lower socioeconomic condition and living in the south of Spain. The analysis by geographic units allows for international cross-regional comparisons.
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Ayala A, Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Frades-Payo B, Forjaz MJ, Martínez-Martín P, Fernández-Mayoralas G, Rojo-Pérez F. [Psychometric properties of the Functional Social Support Questionnaire and the Loneliness Scale in non-institutionalized older adults in Spain]. Gac Sanit 2012; 26:317-24. [PMID: 22265651 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the psychometric properties of the Social Support Questionnaire Duke-UNC (DUFSS) and the De Jong-Gierveld Loneliness Scale in a sample of non-institutionalized older adults. METHODS The sample consisted of 1,106 non-institutionalized older adults included in a national survey on quality of life. Both scales were analyzed according to classical test theory (acceptability, internal consistency, internal validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity and accuracy) and Rasch analysis. RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation scores were 44.95 ± 8.9 for the DUFSS and 1.92 ± 1.83 for the Loneliness Scale. Cronbach's alpha was 0.94 for the DUFSS and 0.77 for the Loneliness Scale. Factor analysis identified two factors in each scale (explained variance: 73.8% for the DUFSS and 67.7% for the Loneliness Scale). The instruments showed a correlation of -0.59 with each other. Rasch analysis of the DUFSS identified two dimensions with a good model fit, whereas the Loneliness Scale did not fit the Rasch model. CONCLUSIONS The DUFSS, with some modifications, meets the Rasch assumptions and provides linear measures. However, more Rasch analysis studies are needed for the Loneliness Scale. According to classical test theory, the DUFSS has good internal consistency for comparisons among people and the Loneliness Scale for comparisons among groups. Both scales have satisfactory construct validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Ayala
- Escuela Nacional de Sanidad, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España.
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Virués-Ortega J, de Pedro-Cuesta J, del Barrio JL, Almazan-Isla J, Bergareche A, Bermejo-Pareja F, Fernández-Mayoralas G, García FJ, Garre-Olmo J, Gascon-Bayarri J, Mahillo I, Martínez-Martín P, Mateos R, Rodríguez F, Rojo-Pérez F, Avellanal F, Saz P, Seijo-Martínez M. Medical, environmental and personal factors of disability in the elderly in Spain: a screening survey based on the International Classification of Functioning. Gac Sanit 2011; 25 Suppl 2:29-38. [PMID: 22088902 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2011.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) advocates a multifactorial and multifaceted conceptualization of disability. The objective of this study was to ascertain major medical, environmental and personal determinants of severe/extreme disability among the elderly population in Spain. The assessment scheme was consistent with the ICF model of disability. METHODS Nine populations contributed probabilistic or geographically-defined samples following a two-phase screening design. The Mini-Mental State Examination and the 12-item version of the World Health Organization-Disability Assessment Schedule, 2(nd) ed. (WHO-DAS II), were used as cognitive and disability screening tools, respectively. Positively screened individuals underwent clinical work-up for dementia and were administered the 36-item version of the WHO-DAS II to estimate ICF disability levels. We used logistic regression for the purposes of data combination, adjusted for age and sex in all analyses. RESULTS The sample was composed of 503 participants aged ≥ 75 years. Alzheimeŕs disease and depression were highly predictive of severe/extreme disability (OR: 17.40, 3.71). Good access to social services was strongly associated with a low level or absence of disability (OR: 0.05 to 0.18). Very difficult access to services and having dementia or another psychiatric disorder were associated with an increase in disability (OR: 66.06). There was also a significant interaction effect between access to services and neurological disorders (OR: 12.74). CONCLUSIONS Disability is highly prevalent among the Spanish elderly and is influenced by medical, social and personal factors. Disability could potentially be reduced by ensuring access to social services, preventing dementia and stroke, and treating depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Virués-Ortega
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Virués-Ortega J, de Pedro-Cuesta J, Seijo-Martínez M, Saz P, Sánchez-Sánchez F, Rojo-Pérez F, Rodríguez F, Mateos R, Martínez-Martín P, Mahillo I, Gascon-Bayarri J, Garre-Olmo J, García FJ, Fernández-Mayoralas G, Bermejo-Pareja F, Bergareche A, Almazan-Isla J, del Barrio JL. Prevalence of disability in a composite ≥75 year-old population in Spain: a screening survey based on the International Classification of Functioning. BMC Public Health 2011; 11:176. [PMID: 21429194 PMCID: PMC3070655 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence and predictors of functional status and disability of elderly people have been studied in several European countries including Spain. However, there has been no population-based study incorporating the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework as the basis for assessing disability. The present study reports prevalence rates for mild, moderate, and severe/extreme disability by the domains of activities and participation of the ICF. Methods Nine populations surveyed in previous prevalence studies contributed probabilistic and geographically defined samples in June 2005. The study sample was composed of 503 subjects aged ≥75 years. We implemented a two-phase screening design using the MMSE and the World Health Organization-Disability Assessment Schedule 2nd edition (WHO-DAS II, 12 items) as cognitive and disability screening tools, respectively. Participants scoring within the positive range of the disability screening were administered the full WHO-DAS II (36 items; score range: 0-100) assessing the following areas: Understanding and communication, Getting along with people, Life activities, Getting around, Participation in society, and Self-care. Each disability area assessed by WHO-DAS II (36 items) was reported according to the ICF severity ranges (No problem, 0-4; Mild disability, 5-24; Moderate disability, 25-49; Severe/Extreme disability, 50-100). Results The age-adjusted disability prevalence figures were: 39.17 ± 2.18%, 15.31 ± 1.61%, and 10.14 ± 1.35% for mild, moderate, and severe/extreme disability, respectively. Severe and extreme disability prevalence in mobility and life activities was three times higher than the average, and highest among women. Sex variations were minimal, although life activities for women of 85 years and over had more severe/extreme disability as compared to men (OR = 5.15 95% CI 3.19-8.32). Conclusions Disability is highly prevalent among the Spanish elderly. Sex- and age-specific variations of disability are associated with particular disability domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Virués-Ortega
- Research Network in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez V, Rojo-Pérez F, Fernández-Mayoralas G, Mohamed KA, Lardiés-Bosque R, Prieto-Flores ME, Rojo-Abuín JM. Recursos económicos y calidad de vida en la población mayor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3989/ris.2009.11.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Martínez-Martín P, Fernández-Mayoralas G, Frades-Payo B, Rojo-Pérez F, Petidier R, Rodríguez-Rodríguez V, Forjaz MJ, Prieto-Flores ME, de Pedro Cuesta J. Validación de la Escala de Independencia Funcional. Gaceta Sanitaria 2009; 23:49-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2008.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Prieto-Flores ME, Fernández-Mayoralas G, Rojo-Pérez F, Lardiés-Bosque R, Rodríguez-Rodríguez V, Ahmed-Mohamed K, Rojo-Abuín JM. Factores sociodemográficos y de salud en el bienestar emocional como dominio de calidad de vida de las personas mayores en la Comunidad de Madrid: 2005. Rev Esp Salud Publica 2008; 82:301-13. [DOI: 10.1590/s1135-57272008000300006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Rojo-Pérez F, Fernández-Mayoralas G, Rodríguez-Rodríguez V, Rojo-Abuín JM. The Environments of Ageing in the Context of the Global Quality of Life among Older People Living in Family Housing. Social Indicators Research Series 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-5682-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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