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Russell K, Walld R, Bolton JM, Chateau D, Ellis MJ. Incidence of Subsequent Mental Health Disorders and Social Adversity Following Pediatric Concussion: A Longitudinal, Population-Based Study. J Pediatr 2023; 259:113436. [PMID: 37088182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the long-term risk of new adverse psychosocial outcomes among adolescents diagnosed with a concussion compared with those not diagnosed. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective, population-based cohort study was conducted. Adolescents (10-18 years) with a physician-diagnosed concussion between 2000 and 2005 were matched on neighborhood and age with 5 controls without concussion from the general population. New-onset mental health disorders, medication use, social, and justice outcomes were extracted using datasets linked to the population data repository. Adolescents were followed for 11-16 years. Adjusted hazard ratios (95% CIs) were estimated. RESULTS In total, 2082 adolescents with a concussion were matched to 10 510 without. Adolescents with a concussion had an increased risk of any mental health disorder (HR 1.34; 95% CI 1.25-1.45), mood disorder (HR 1.30; 95% 1.18-1.43), psychosis (HR 1.43; 95% CI 1.18-1.74), substance abuse disorder (HR 1.67; 95% 1.31-2.14), and receiving a psychotropic prescription (HR 1.31; 95% CI 1.20-1.42). Female adolescents had an increased risk of ADHD following concussion (HR 1.89; 95% CI 1.17-3.05). Adolescents with a concussion had an increased risk of being accused (HR 1.22; 95% CI 1.11-1.34), victim (HR 1.29; 95% CI 1.11-1.48), or witness (HR 1.16; 95% CI 1.01-1.32) of a crime, or contact with Child and Family Services (HR 1.33; 95% CI 1.10-1.62). There was no association between concussion and attempting or completing suicide, receiving housing support, or collecting income support. CONCLUSIONS Concussion was associated with an increased risk for multiple adverse psychosocial outcomes. Future work should focus on early identification of those at risk of these outcomes to help optimize longitudinal medical care and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Russell
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Excellence in Neurodevelopment and Rehabilitation Research in Child Health Research Theme - Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Randy Walld
- Manitoba Center for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - James M Bolton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Daniel Chateau
- Manitoba Center for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Michael J Ellis
- Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Pan Am Concussion Program, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Fish AM, Vanni J, Mohammed FN, Fedonni D, Metzger KB, Shoop J, Master CL, Arbogast KB, McDonald CC. Comparison of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Concussed and Nonconcussed Adolescents. Sports Health 2023; 15:185-191. [PMID: 35919017 PMCID: PMC9950990 DOI: 10.1177/19417381221113840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined psychiatric symptoms during the acute phase following a concussion in adolescents. Thus, this study compares anxiety and depression in acutely concussed and nonconcussed adolescents. HYPOTHESIS Acutely concussed adolescents will report greater anxiety and depressive symptoms compared with nonconcussed adolescents. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3. METHODS Data were collected from 282 adolescents (111 concussed within 28 days of injury, 171 nonconcussed), 13 to 18 years of age, who completed Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms measures. We calculated average T-scores for anxiety and depression across both groups and compared the proportion of those who scored above normal limits. Finally, we calculated risk ratios for anxiety and depression scores above normal limits. RESULTS Average T-scores for anxiety did not differ in concussed versus nonconcussed adolescents (mean: 45.9 [SD 10.84] vs 45.2 [8.1], respectively, P = 0.54), whereas average T-scores for depression were significantly higher in concussed versus nonconcussed adolescents (46.0 [10.88] vs 42.8 [8.48], respectively, P < 0.01). The proportion of concussed adolescents above normal limits for depression was greater than nonconcussed adolescents (32.4% vs 20.5%, respectively, P = 0.02). Post hoc sensitivity analyses excluding those with a history of anxiety or depression demonstrated a 1.45 (95% CI, 0.97, 2.01) and 1.56 (95% CI, 0.95, 2.56) increased risk of an above-normal anxiety and depression score for concussed compared with nonconcussed adolescents, respectively, although both were nonsignificant. CONCLUSION Although we found few significant differences between the 2 groups, the results highlight that many concussed adolescents met the threshold for above-average symptoms on the depression and anxiety PROMIS measures. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In adolescents, there is increased risk for psychiatric sequalae in the acute period after a concussion. As such, we suggest that clinicians consider incorporating depression screening when caring for adolescents after a concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Catherine C. McDonald
- Catherine C. McDonald, PhD,
RN, FAAN, University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, Claire Fagin Hall, Rm
414, 418 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (
) (Twitter: @KateMcD_PhDRN)
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3
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Complex pain phenotypes: Suicidal ideation and attempt through latent multimorbidity. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267844. [PMID: 35486582 PMCID: PMC9053801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Given the relatively high rates of suicidal ideation and attempt among people with chronic pain, there is a need to understand the underlying factors to target suicide prevention efforts. To date, no study has examined the association between pain phenotypes and suicide related behaviors among those with mild traumatic brain injuries. Objective To determine if pain phenotypes were independently associated with suicidal ideation / attempt or if comorbidities within the pain phenotypes account for the association between pain phenotypes and suicide related behaviors. Methods This is a longitudinal retrospective cohort study of suicide ideation/attempts among pain phenotypes previously derived using general mixture latent variable models of the joint distribution of repeated measures of pain scores and pain medications/treatment. We used national VA inpatient, outpatient, and pharmacy data files for Post-9/11 Veterans with mild traumatic injury who entered VA care between fiscal years (FY) 2007 and 2009. We considered a counterfactual causal modeling framework to assess the extent that the pain phenotypes during years 1–5 of VA care were predictive of suicide ideation/attempt during years 6–8 of VA care conditioned on covariates being balanced between pain phenotypes. Results Without adjustment, pain phenotypes were significant predictors of suicide related behaviors. When we used propensity scores to balance the comorbidities present in the pain phenotypes, the pain phenotypes were no longer significantly associated with suicide related behaviors. Conclusion These findings suggest that suicide ideation/attempt is associated with pain trajectories primarily through latent multimorbidity. Therefore, it is critical to identify and manage comorbidities (e.g., depression, post-traumatic stress disorder) to prevent tragic outcomes associated with suicide related behaviors throughout the course of chronic pain and mild traumatic brain injury management.
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Chen F, Chi J, Niu F, Gao Q, Mei F, Zhao L, Hu K, Zhao B, Ma B. Prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among patients with traumatic brain injury: A meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2022; 300:349-357. [PMID: 34995702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidality is common among patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). This meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence of suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempt (SA) in TBI patients. METHODS Databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP, WanFang Data, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) were searched for relevant literature from inception to 9th January 2021. Random effects models were used to estimate the prevalence of SI and SA. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Subgroup analysis was performed based on the geographical location of the institutions. RESULTS A total of 16 studies involving 1,146,271 patients with TBI were included in our meta-analysis. The prevalence of SI and SA were 19.1% (95% CI 13.6-24.6%) and 2.1% (95% CI 1.8-2.4%), respectively, while the prevalence of SA in Asian and non-Asian countries were 2.0% (95% CI 0.3-3.7%) and 2.0% (95% CI 1.6-2.3%). Meta-regression analyses revealed that the publication year and age were positively associated, while the geographical location of the institution and sample size were negatively associated with the pooled prevalence of SI. On the other hand, the geographical location of the institution, sample size and age were negatively associated with the pooled prevalence of SA. LIMITATIONS The overall heterogeneity between studies was high. CONCLUSION SI and SA are common among TBI patients. Therefore, targeted preventive measures are paramount to manage TBI-related suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Evidence-based Nursing Center, School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Evidence-based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, No.199, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Junting Chi
- The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Fang Niu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Gao
- Evidence-based Nursing Center, School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fan Mei
- Evidence-based Nursing Center, School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Evidence-based Nursing Center, School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kaiyan Hu
- Evidence-based Nursing Center, School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, No.199, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Evidence-based Nursing Center, School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Evidence-based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, No.199, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
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5
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McKee GB, Perrin PB, Rodriguez-Agudelo Y, Plaza SLO, Quijano-Martinez MC, Kuzu D, Ohayagha C, Pugh M, Arango-Lasprilla JC. Suicidal ideation after acute traumatic brain injury: A longitudinal actor-partner interdependence model of patients and caregivers in Latin America. Rehabil Psychol 2021; 66:433-441. [PMID: 34871029 DOI: 10.1037/rep0000395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with depression, anxiety, and even suicidality in individuals with TBI and in caregivers. Moreover, emotional functioning in individuals with TBI is linked with caregiver functioning. However, no known studies to date have examined linkages in suicidal ideation in individuals with TBI and family caregivers. This is especially important in Latin America, where TBI rates are high, and where cultural norms influence family caregiving. This study examined associations among self-reported suicidal ideation in individuals with TBI and their primary caregivers over time in Mexico and Colombia. Research Method/Design: A total of 109 individuals and their primary caregivers completed measures during hospitalization for TBI and at 2- and 4-months posthospitalization. The primary outcome was Item 9 from the Spanish version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, assessing for thoughts of death or suicide in the previous 2 weeks. RESULTS Patients and caregivers reported high levels of suicidal ideation (18.3%-22.4% and 12.4%-15.7%, respectively) at each time point, and suicidal ideation at one time point strongly predicted ideation at the next. When patients endorsed suicidal ideation in the hospital, their caregivers tended to endorse suicidal ideation 2 months later. Although unaccounted for variables could be driving these relationships, they may also provide possible evidence of causal preponderance between patient and caregiver suicidal ideation post-TBI. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS Clinicians and rehabilitation specialists can use these findings to inform suicide risk assessment by expanding these practices to caregivers of patients who endorsed suicidal ideation. Interventions after TBI should incorporate caregivers given this study showed significant interdependence of suicidality between patients and caregivers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace B McKee
- Advanced Fellowship Program in Mental Illness Research and Treatment
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6
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Perrin PB, Klyce DW, Fisher LB, Juengst SB, Hammond FM, Gary KW, Niemeier JP, Bergquist TF, Bombardier CH, Rabinowitz AR, Zafonte RD, Wagner AK. Relations among Suicidal Ideation, Depressive Symptoms, and Functional Independence during the Ten Years after Traumatic Brain Injury: A Model Systems Study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2021; 103:69-74. [PMID: 34364849 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2021.07.790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate relative causality in relations among suicidal ideation (SI), depressive symptoms, and functional independence over the first 10 years after traumatic brain injury (TBI). DESIGN Prospective longitudinal design with data collected through the TBI Model Systems (TBIMS) network at acute rehabilitation hospitalization, as well as 1, 2, 5, and 10 years after injury. SETTING United States Level I/II trauma centers and inpatient rehabilitation centers with telephone follow-up. PARTICIPANTS Individuals enrolled into the TBIMS National Database (N=9539) with at least one SI score at any follow-up data collection (72.1% male, mean age = 39.39 years). INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Functional Independence Measure at years 1, 2, 5, and 10 post-injury. RESULTS A cross-lagged panel structural equation model (SEM), which is meant to indirectly infer causality through longitudinal correlational data, suggested that SI, depressive symptoms, and functional independence each significantly predicted themselves over time. Within the model, bivariate correlations among variables were all significant within each time point. Between years 1 and 2 and between years 2 and 5, depressive symptoms had a larger effect on SI than SI had on depressive symptoms. Between years 5 and 10, there was reciprocal causality between the two variables. Functional independence more strongly predicted depressive symptoms than the reverse between years 1 and 2 as well as years 2 and 5, but its unique effects on SI over time were extremely marginal or absent after controlling for depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS A primary goal for rehabilitation and mental health providers should be to monitor and address elevated symptoms of depression as quickly as possible before they translate into SI, particularly for individuals with TBI who have reduced functional independence. Doing so may be a key to breaking the connection between low functional independence and SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B Perrin
- Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Department of Psychology and Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Richmond, VA, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Daniel W Klyce
- Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Richmond, VA, Sheltering Arms Institute, Richmond, VA, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA
| | - Lauren B Fisher
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shannon B Juengst
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Flora M Hammond
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, Rehabilitation Hospital of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Kelli W Gary
- Department of Rehabilitation Counseling, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Janet P Niemeier
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
| | | | | | | | - Ross D Zafonte
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Amy K Wagner
- Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA
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7
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Welling LC, Rabelo NN, Gonçalves de Sena Barbosa M, Figueiredo EG. Postconcussion and Suicide: How Far Should Outpatients be Assessed? World Neurosurg 2021; 148:220. [PMID: 33770834 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicollas Nunes Rabelo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Neurosurgery, Atenas Medical School, Passos-MG, Brazil.
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8
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McIntire KL, Crawford KM, Perrin PB, Sestak JL, Aman K, Walter LA, Page DB, Wen H, Randolph BO, Brunner RC, Novack TL, Niemeier JP. Factors Increasing Risk of Suicide after Traumatic Brain Injury: A State-of-the-Science Review of Military and Civilian Studies. Brain Inj 2021; 35:151-163. [PMID: 33460350 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2020.1861656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Primary Objective: Survey TBI literature to identify evidence of risk for post-injury suicide.Literature Selection: Search terms ((traumatic brain injury OR TBI) AND (suicidality OR suicidal behaviour OR suicidal ideation)) entered in PubMed, OVID Medline, PsychInfo, and Web of Science for papers published in print 01/01/1997 to 06/30/2019.Analysis of Literature: Authors screened abstracts, excluding duplicates and articles not meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria. Full papers were reviewed to make final exclusions. Data were extracted from 40 papers included co- and premorbid disorders, demographics, injury-related and psychological factors.Results: Persons with TBI have a higher risk for suicide than the general population. Reviewed articles reported comorbid depression and/or PTSD as risk factors for post-TBI suicide. Co- or premorbid substance misuse, sex, and sleep disturbance moderate risk. Quality of the literature was limited by sample size, the predominance of male participants, and inconsistency in reporting of findings.Conclusions: Comorbid depression and PTSD are significant post-TBI risk factors for suicide. Several variables combine to moderate or mediate TBI's connection with suicide. Civilian and military clinician cross-talk and consistent reporting of results from reproducible studies of post-TBI suicide risk factors could improve prevention and treatment efforts in veterans and civilians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla L McIntire
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kelly M Crawford
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Carolinas Medical Center (Atrium Health System), Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul B Perrin
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jordan L Sestak
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Carolinas Medical Center (Atrium Health System), Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kyle Aman
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lauren A Walter
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David B Page
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Huacong Wen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Brittney O Randolph
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Robert C Brunner
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Tom L Novack
- Department of Physical Therapy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Janet P Niemeier
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Campbell-Sills L, Jain S, Sun X, Fisher LB, Agtarap SD, Dikmen S, Nelson LD, Temkin N, McCrea M, Yuh E, Giacino JT, Manley GT. Risk Factors for Suicidal Ideation Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A TRACK-TBI Study. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2021; 36:E30-E39. [PMID: 32769835 PMCID: PMC10134479 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors for suicidal ideation (SI) following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). SETTING Eleven US level 1 trauma centers. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1158 emergency department patients with mTBI (Glasgow Coma Scale score = 13-15) enrolled in the Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury (TRACK-TBI) study. DESIGN Prospective observational study; weights-adjusted multivariable logistic regression models (n's = 727-883) estimated associations of baseline factors and post-TBI symptoms with SI at 2 weeks and 3, 6, and 12 months postinjury. MAIN MEASURES Patient Health Questionnaire, Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire. RESULTS Preinjury psychiatric history predicted SI at all follow-ups (adjusted odds ratios [AORs] = 2.26-6.33, P values <.05) and history of prior TBI predicted SI at 2 weeks (AOR = 2.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16-4.81, P = .018), 3 months (AOR = 2.62, 95% CI = 1.33-5.16, P = .005), and 6 months postinjury (AOR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.19-5.42, P = .016). Adjusting for these baseline factors, post-TBI symptoms were strongly associated with SI at concurrent (AORs = 1.91-2.88 per standard deviation unit increase in Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire score; P values <.0005) and subsequent follow-up visits (AORs = 1.68-2.53; P values <.005). Most of the associations between post-TBI symptoms and SI were statistically explained by co-occurring depression. CONCLUSION Screening for psychiatric and prior TBI history may help identify patients at risk for SI following mTBI. Awareness of the strong associations of post-TBI symptoms with SI may facilitate interventions to prevent suicide-related outcomes in patients with mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Campbell-Sills
- Departments of Psychiatry (Drs Campbell-Sills, Agtarap, and Stein) and Family Medicine and Public Health (Drs Jain and Stein and Ms Sun), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Dr Fisher); Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine (Dr Dikmen) and Neurological Surgery and Biostatistics (Dr Temkin), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (Drs Nelson and McCrea); Departments of Radiology (Dr Yuh) and Neurological Surgery (Dr Manley), University of California, San Francisco; Brain and Spinal Injury Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California (Drs Yuh and Manley); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Giacino); Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts (Dr Giacino); and VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California (Dr Stein)
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10
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Yurgil KA, Barkauskas DA, Baker DG. Deployment and Psychological Correlates of Suicide Ideation: A Prospective, Longitudinal Study of Risk and Resilience Among Combat Veterans. Mil Med 2020; 186:e58-e66. [PMID: 33201239 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usaa450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suicide rates among military personnel have risen in part due to war zone deployments. Yet, the degree to which deployment-related stressors, in combination with preexisting and co-occurring psychiatric symptoms and individual resilience factors, contribute to suicide ideation (SI) remains unclear. The current study leverages prospective, longitudinal data to examine both risk and protective factors associated with SI in deployed service members. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants were 1,805 active duty enlisted Marines and Navy service members assessed before and after a 7-month deployment for SI, preexisting and concurrent symptoms of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), alcohol consumption, as well as prior and deployment-related traumatic brain injury (TBI). Current self-reported psychological resilience and social support were analyzed as potential protective factors. RESULTS Rates of SI were 7.3% and 3.9% before and after deployment, respectively. Of those with post-deployment SI, 68.6% were new-onset cases. Multivariate regression revealed that concurrent mild depression was the strongest risk factor (odds ratio [OR] = 10.03, 95% CI 5.28-19.07). Other significant risk factors included prior SI (OR = 3.36, 95% CI 1.60-7.05), prior subthreshold PTSD (OR = 2.10, 95% CI 1.10-3.99), and deployment TBI (OR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.03-3.28). Controlling for clinical symptoms and TBI, the risk of SI was reduced for those with moderate (OR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.27-0.93) and high psychological resilience scores (OR = 0.25, 95% CI 0.08-0.79) after deployment. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that even mild symptoms of depression and PTSD may increase the risk of SI. Screening for subthreshold clinical symptoms and TBI while incorporating psychological resilience training would allow for a more multidimensional approach to suicide risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate A Yurgil
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Loyola University New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.,Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Donald A Barkauskas
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Dewleen G Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.,Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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11
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Miller GF, DePadilla L, Jones SE, Bartholow BN, Sarmiento K, Breiding MJ. The Association Between Sports- or Physical Activity-Related Concussions and Suicidality Among US High School Students, 2017. Sports Health 2020; 13:187-197. [PMID: 32845815 DOI: 10.1177/1941738120939913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the association between sports- or physical activity-related concussions and having seriously considered attempting suicide, made a suicide plan, or attempted suicide (ie, suicidality), and tested potential moderators of the association. HYPOTHESIS Risk factors such as persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness, low academic grades, few hours of sleep, and current alcohol or marijuana use will increase the odds of suicidality among those who self-reported sports- or physical activity-related concussions, while protective factors such as physical activity and having played on a sports team will decrease the odds. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 4. METHODS This study used data from the 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a biennial, school-based, nationally representative survey of US students in grade levels 9 to 12 (N = 14,765). Logistic regression models examined associations between self-reported sports- or physical activity-related concussions and suicidality among the students, and whether physical activity, having played on a sports team, persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness, academic grades, hours of sleep, or current alcohol or marijuana use moderated those associations. RESULTS Sports- or physical activity-related concussions were found to be associated with suicidality. The associations remained significant in models that adjusted for demographic characteristics, and they did not appear to be moderated by physical activity, having played on sports team, academic grades, or sleep. CONCLUSIONS Given the findings of this study and others, health care providers are advised to ask students who have experienced a concussion about their emotional well-being as part of their symptom-based assessment, using validated, age- appropriate concussion symptom scales. Comprehensively assessing students who have experienced a sports- or physical activity-related concussion for persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness may alert providers to thoughts of suicidal ideation and will allow for earlier intervention. CLINICAL RELEVANCE If thoughts of suicide are discovered among adolescents with a concussion, or if other risk factors are observed, referrals to medical and mental health providers for a more comprehensive assessment may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle F Miller
- Division of Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lara DePadilla
- Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sherry Everett Jones
- Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Brad N Bartholow
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kelly Sarmiento
- Division of Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Matthew J Breiding
- Division of Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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12
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Fisher LB, Bomyea J, Thomas G, Cheung JC, He F, Jain S, Flashman LA, Andaluz N, Coimbra R, George MS, Grant GA, Marx CE, McAllister TW, Shutter L, Lang AJ, Stein MB, Zafonte RD. Contributions of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mild TBI (mTBI) history to suicidality in the INTRuST consortium. Brain Inj 2020; 34:1339-1349. [PMID: 32811203 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2020.1807054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mild TBI (mTBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are independent risk factors for suicidal behaviour (SB). Further, co-occurring mTBI and PTSD increase one's risk for negative health and psychiatric outcomes. However, little research has examined the role of comorbid mTBI and PTSD on suicide risk. METHODS The present study utilized data from the Injury and TRaUmatic STress (INTRuST) Consortium to examine the prevalence of suicidal ideation (SI) and behaviours among four groups: 1) comorbid mTBI+PTSD, 2) PTSD only, 3) mTBI only, and 4) healthy controls. RESULTS Prevalence of lifetime SI, current SI, and lifetime SB for individuals with mTBI+PTSD was 40%, 25%, and 19%, respectively. Prevalence of lifetime SI, current SI, and lifetime SB for individuals with PTSD only was 29%, 11%, and 11%, respectively. Prevalence of lifetime SI, current SI, and lifetime SB for individuals with mTBI only was 14%, 1%, and 2%, respectively. Group comparisons showed that individuals with mTBI alone experienced elevated rates of lifetime SI compared to healthy controls. History of mTBI did not add significantly to risk for suicidal ideation and behaviour beyond what is accounted for by PTSD. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that PTSD seems to be driving risk for suicidal behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B Fisher
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica Bomyea
- VA San Diego Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health , San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Garrett Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joey C Cheung
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Feng He
- Biostatistics Research Center, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sonia Jain
- Biostatistics Research Center, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Laura A Flashman
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Norberto Andaluz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Raul Coimbra
- Department of Surgery, Riverside University Health System , Moreno Valley, California, USA
| | - Mark S George
- Psychiatry Division, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center , Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Gerald A Grant
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Stanford University Medical Center , Stanford, California, USA
| | - Christine E Marx
- Durham VA Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas W McAllister
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Lori Shutter
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ariel J Lang
- VA San Diego Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health , San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Murray B Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ross D Zafonte
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital for Children Sports Concussion Program , Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,MGH Red Sox Foundation Home Base Program , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Giummarra MJ, Lau G, Grant G, Gabbe BJ. A systematic review of the association between fault or blame-related attributions and procedures after transport injury and health and work-related outcomes. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2020; 135:105333. [PMID: 31863937 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2019.105333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Attributions of fault are often associated with worse injury outcomes; however, the consistency and magnitude of these impacts is not known. This review examined the prognostic role of fault on health, mental health, pain and work outcomes after transport injury. A systematic search of five electronic databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library) yielded 16,324 records published between 2000 and January 2018. Eligibility criteria were: adult transport injury survivors; prospective design; multivariable analysis; fault-related factor analysed; pain, mental health, general health or work-related outcome. Citations (n = 10,558, excluding duplicates) and full text articles (n = 555) were screened manually (Reviewer 1), and using concurrent machine learning and text mining (Reviewer 2; using Abstrackr, WordStat and QDA miner). Data from 55 papers that met all inclusion criteria were extracted, papers were evaluated for risk of bias using the QUIPS tool, and overall level of evidence was assessed using the GRADE tool. There were six main fault-related factors classified as: fault or responsibility, fault-based compensation, lawyer involvement or litigation, blame or guilt, road user or position in vehicle, and impact direction. Overall there were inconsistent associations between fault and transport injury outcomes, and 60% of papers had high risk of bias. There was moderate evidence that fault-based compensation claims were associated with poorer health-related outcomes, and that lawyer involvement was associated with poorer work outcomes beyond 12 months post-injury. However, the evidence of negative associations between fault-based compensation claims and work-related outcomes was limited. Lawyer involvement and fault-based compensation claims were associated with adverse mental health outcomes six months post-injury, but not beyond 12 months. The most consistent associations between fault and negative outcomes were not for fault attributions, per se, but were related to fault-related procedures (e.g., lawyer engagement, fault-based compensation claims).
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Affiliation(s)
- Melita J Giummarra
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Caulfield Pain Management and Research Centre, Caulfield Hospital, Caulfield, VIC, Australia.
| | - Georgina Lau
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Genevieve Grant
- Australian Centre for Justice Innovation and Faculty of Law, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Belinda J Gabbe
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Health Data Research UK, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Wales, UK
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14
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Black J, Bond MA, Hawkins R, Black E. Test of a clinical model of poor physical health and suicide: The role of depression, psychosocial stress, interpersonal conflict, and panic. J Affect Disord 2019; 257:404-411. [PMID: 31306991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study employed a structural equation model to examine the relationships between poor physical health, suicide, depression, psychosocial stress, interpersonal conflict, and panic. METHODS The sample consisted of a large, archived set of mental health treatment-seeking adults who completed a behavioral outcome questionnaire prior to beginning treatment. RESULTS Results supported the extant literature indicating that poor physical health, depression, psychosocial stress, interpersonal conflict, and panic impose increased risk for suicidal ideation, with depression demonstrating the highest risk for increased suicidal ideation. The results also supported the hypotheses that depression, psychosocial stress, interpersonal conflict, and panic would mediate the association between poor physical health and suicidal ideation. Although no a priori hypotheses were made regarding relationships among the 15 physical illnesses examined, results indicated that HIV/AIDS had the strongest correlation with depression and the weakest correlation with interpersonal conflict. LIMITATIONS Firstly, the study sample was primarily Caucasian, limiting its generalizability. Secondly, causal inferences should be interpreted with caution, due to the quasi-experimental design. Thirdly, these data were self-reported, which create response biases since suicidal ideation is stigmatized. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the importance of considering interpersonal factors as potential mediators in the relationship between poor physical health, mental illness, and suicide. Clinically, the impact of an active major depressive episode on an individual who is struggling with a serious physical illness may be strongly predictive of suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janie Black
- Department of Educational Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, United States (BOND).
| | - Mark A Bond
- Department of Educational Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, United States (BOND)
| | - Raymond Hawkins
- Department of Psychology, the University of Texas at Austin, United States
| | - Elizabeth Black
- Elizabeth A. Black: MSN Candidate, School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, United States
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15
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Minen MT, Boubour A, Walia H, Barr W. Post-Concussive Syndrome: a Focus on Post-Traumatic Headache and Related Cognitive, Psychiatric, and Sleep Issues. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2017; 16:100. [PMID: 27709555 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-016-0697-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Post-traumatic headache (PTH) is a secondary headache disorder following traumatic brain injury. We sought to examine the recent literature on PTH and associated cognitive, psychiatric, and sleep conditions to understand the latest findings about the associated conditions and available screening tools, and to understand the available treatment options for PTH. RECENT FINDINGS Up to one third of PTH patients may have depression and about one quarter may have insomnia. Anxiety and cognitive issues are also common. While there are few studies examining abortive medications for PTH, recent studies of preventive medications examine the efficacy of topiramate, and topiramate may be better than other oral preventive medications. Other currently investigated treatments include nerve blocks, onabotulinum toxin A, transmagnetic stimulation, and behavioral therapy (biofeedback). Due to an expanded focus on and knowledge of concussion and PTH, comorbid psychiatric, cognitive, and sleep issues have become more widely acknowledged and studied. However, more high-quality studies must be conducted to examine the underlying pathophysiology of PTH and associated symptoms and to determine the most effective abortive and preventive treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia T Minen
- Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Medical Center, 240 East 38th Street 20th floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | | | - Harjasleen Walia
- Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Medical Center, 240 East 38th Street 20th floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - William Barr
- Department of Neuropsychology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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