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Zhang L, Liu S, Gu Y, Li S, Liu M, Zhao W. Comparative efficacy of Chinese patent medicines for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A network meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1077180. [PMID: 36686656 PMCID: PMC9847677 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1077180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing year by year. Researches showed that Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) had achieved good efficacy in the treatment of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the debate on optimum Chinese patent medicine (CPM) persists. Therefore, we conducted a network meta-analysis to objectively compare the efficacy of different Chinese patent medicines in the treatment of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database were used as databases for RCT researches retrieval. The retrieval time was from establishment of the database to July 2022. After effective data was extracted, Review Manager 5.4 and Cochrane Collaboration System Evaluator's Manual were used to assess bias risk. STATA 16.0 based on frequency theory was used for the network meta-analysis. Results: Totally 39 studies were included, involving 13 Chinese patent medicines, including 4049 patients, of which 42 patients were lost. In terms of improving clinical efficiency rate, Zhibitai capsule was most likely the best choice of Chinese patent medicine for Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liuwei Wuling tablet had the best effect in reducing serum ALT and AST; Gandan Shukang capsule had the best effect in reducing serum GGT; Qianggan capsule had the best effect in reducing serum TG; Dangfei Liganning capsule had the best effect in reducing serum TC. None of the included studies had serious adverse reactions. Conclusion: For patients with Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in this NMA, Zhibitai capsule, Liuwei Wuling tablet, Gandan Shukang capsule, Qianggan capsule, Dangfei Liganning capsule might be noteworthy. Due to the uclear risk bias, better designed double-blind, multi center and large sample RCTs are needed which resolve the problems of blinding, selective reporting and allocation concealment. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022341240.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Spleen, Stomach, Hepatobiliary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sutong Liu
- Department of Spleen, Stomach, Hepatobiliary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yajiao Gu
- Department of Spleen, Stomach, Hepatobiliary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shanzheng Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Minghao Liu
- Department of Spleen, Stomach, Hepatobiliary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenxia Zhao
- Department of Spleen, Stomach, Hepatobiliary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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Zhang J, Chai X, Zhao F, Hou G, Meng Q. Food Applications and Potential Health Benefits of Hawthorn. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182861. [PMID: 36140986 PMCID: PMC9498108 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hawthorn (Crataegus) is a plant of the Rosaceae family and is widely grown throughout the world as one of the medicinal and edible plants, known as the “nutritious fruit” due to its richness in bioactive substances. Preparations derived from it are used in the formulation of dietary supplements, functional foods, and pharmaceutical products. Rich in amino acids, minerals, pectin, vitamin C, chlorogenic acid, epicatechol, and choline, hawthorn has a high therapeutic and health value. Many studies have shown that hawthorn has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-cardiovascular disease, and digestive enhancing properties. This is related to its bioactive components such as polyphenols (chlorogenic acid, proanthocyanidin B2, epicatechin), flavonoids (proanthocyanidins, mucoxanthin, quercetin, rutin), and pentacyclic triterpenoids (ursolic acid, hawthornic acid, oleanolic acid), which are also its main chemical constituents. This paper briefly reviews the chemical composition, nutritional value, food applications, and the important biological and pharmacological activities of hawthorn. This will contribute to the development of functional foods or nutraceuticals from hawthorn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Department of Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (Q.M.)
| | - Fenglan Zhao
- Department of Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Guige Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Qingguo Meng
- Department of Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (Q.M.)
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Potential Roles and Key Mechanisms of Hawthorn Extract against Various Liver Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040867. [PMID: 35215517 PMCID: PMC8879000 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Crataegus (hawthorn), a flowering shrub or tree, is a member of the Rosaceae family and consists of approximately 280 species that have been primarily cultivated in East Asia, North America, and Europe. Consumption of hawthorn preparations has been chiefly associated with pharmacological benefits for cardiovascular diseases, including congestive heart failure and angina pectoris. Treatment with hawthorn extracts can be related to improvements in the complex pathogenesis of various hepatic and cardiovascular disorders. In this regard, the present review described that the presence of hawthorn extracts ameliorated hepatic injury, lipid accumulation, inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer in an abundance of experimental models. Hawthorn extracts might have these promising activities, largely by enhancing the hepatic antioxidant system. In addition, several mechanisms, including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling and apoptosis, are responsible for the role of hawthorn extracts in repairing the dysfunction of injured hepatocytes. Specifically, hawthorn possesses a wide range of biological actions relevant to the treatment of toxic hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Accordingly, hawthorn extracts can be developed as a major source of therapeutic agents for liver diseases.
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Zakaria Z, Othman ZA, Suleiman JB, Che Jalil NA, Ghazali WSW, Nna VU, Mohamed M. Hepatoprotective Effect of Bee Bread in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) Rats: Impact on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10122031. [PMID: 34943134 PMCID: PMC8698812 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10122031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a pathological accumulation of hepatic lipid closely linked with many metabolic disorders, oxidative stress and inflammation. We aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of bee bread on oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters in MAFLD rats. Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into four groups (n = 7/group): normal control (NC), high-fat diet (HFD), bee bread (HFD + Bb, HFD + 0.5 g/kg/day bee bread) and orlistat (HFD + Or, HFD + 10 mg/kg/day orlistat) groups. After 12 weeks, the HFD group demonstrated significantly higher body weight gain, serum levels of lipids (TG, TC, LDL), liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP) and adiponectin, liver lipids (TG, TC) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Furthermore, the HFD group showed significantly decreased antioxidant enzyme activities (GPx, GST, GR, SOD, CAT) and GSH level, and increased liver oxidative stress (TBARS, NO), translocation of Nrf2 to the nucleus, Keap1 expression and inflammation (TNF-α, NF-κβ, MCP-1) together with histopathological alterations (steatosis, hepatocyte hypertrophy, inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen deposition), which indicated the presence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis. Bee bread significantly attenuated all these changes exerted by HFD feeding. In conclusion, our results suggest that bee bread might have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-steatotic and anti-fibrotic effects that are beneficial in protecting liver progression towards NASH and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaida Zakaria
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (Z.Z.); (Z.A.O.); (W.S.W.G.)
| | - Zaidatul Akmal Othman
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (Z.Z.); (Z.A.O.); (W.S.W.G.)
- Unit of Physiology, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Joseph Bagi Suleiman
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana P.M.B. 1007, Ebonyi State, Nigeria;
| | - Nur Asyilla Che Jalil
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Wan Syaheedah Wan Ghazali
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (Z.Z.); (Z.A.O.); (W.S.W.G.)
| | - Victor Udo Nna
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar P.M.B. 1115, Nigeria;
| | - Mahaneem Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (Z.Z.); (Z.A.O.); (W.S.W.G.)
- Unit of Integrative Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-97676158
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Protective and Therapeutic Effects of Orlistat on Metabolic Syndrome and Oxidative Stress in High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) in Rats: Role on Nrf2 Activation. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8110274. [PMID: 34822647 PMCID: PMC8622931 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8110274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is an excessive buildup of liver lipids closely associated with various kinds of undesirable metabolic effects and oxidative stress. We aimed to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects of orlistat on metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress parameters in high-fat diet (HFD) induced-MAFLD rats. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6/group), i.e., Normal control (N), HFD, HFD + orlistat (HFD + O) (10 mg/kg/day administered concomitantly for 12 weeks as a protective model), and obese+orlistat (OB + O) (10 mg/kg/day administered 6 weeks after induction of obesity as a therapeutic model) groups. After 12 weeks, the HFD group had significantly increased Lee obesity index, serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein levels, liver total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, insulin resistance and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) together with decreased serum high-density lipoprotein level. Additionally, the HFD group also showed increased Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus with high Keap1 expression and increased liver oxidative stress parameters. Orlistat significantly improved all these alterations in HFD rats. We demonstrated that orlistat might have protective and therapeutic effects against HFD-induced MAFLD rats by its activation on Nrf2 signaling pathway, which subsequently improved metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress parameters.
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Shatoor AS, Al Humayed S, Almohiy HM. Crataegus aronia prevents high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis in rats by activating AMPK-induced suppression of SREBP1 and activation of PPARα. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13945. [PMID: 34585409 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study examined if the aqueous extract of Crataegus aronia (C. aronia) can prevent high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic steatosis in rats by activating AMPK. Adult male Wistar rats were fed either a control diet or HFD for 12 weeks and treated either with vehicle (normal saline) or C. aronia extract (200 mg/kg/orally), daily. Also, hepatocytes were treated with increasing concentrations of the extract in the presence or absence of compound C (CC), an AMPK inhibitor. C. aronia prevented the increase in serum and hepatic lipids, reduced hepatic levels of reactive oxygen species, and increased hepatic glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels. It also downregulated the hepatic expression of SREBP1/2, fatty acid synthase, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase but stimulated the activity of AMPK and levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha. Similar effects were reported in the cultured cells, in a dose-dependent manner but were prevented by CC. In conclusion, C. aronia ameliorates HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress by activating AMPK. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The use of the aqueous extract of Crataegus aronia has been extensively used during the last years in traditional medicine to treat chronic disorders including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The findings of this study support these findings and suggest that oral administration of C. aronia aqueous extract has potent hypoglycemic effect and demonstrate the mechanism of action mimics such drugs such as metformin and involves activation of AMPK and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha. These findings are very encouraging for further biochemical analysis and isolation of active ingredients responsible for these effects to be used in more clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah S Shatoor
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Section, College of Medicine, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Al Humayed
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain M Almohiy
- Depatrtment of Radiology Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Shatoor AS, Al Humayed S. The Protective Effect of Crataegus aronia Against High-Fat Diet-Induced Vascular Inflammation in Rats Entails Inhibition of the NLRP-3 Inflammasome Pathway. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2020; 20:82-99. [PMID: 31183600 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-019-09534-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether the whole-plant aqueous extract of Crataegus aronia (C. aronia) could protect against or alleviate high-fat diet (HFD)-induced aortic vascular inflammation in rats by inhibiting the NLRP-3 inflammasome pathway and examined some mechanisms of action with respect to its antioxidant and hypolipidemic effects. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n = 6/each): standard diet (10% fat) fed to control rats, control + C. aronia (200 mg/kg), HFD (40% fat), HFD + C. aronia, and HFD post-treated with C. aronia. The HFD was fed for 8 weeks and C. aronia was administered orally for 4 weeks. In addition, isolated macrophages from control rats were pre-incubated with two doses of C. aronia (25 and 50 μg/mL) with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Only in HFD-fed rats, co- and post-C. aronia therapy lowered circulatory levels of LDL-C and ox-LDL-c and aortic protein levels of LOX-1 and CD36. C. aronia also inhibited the nuclear accumulation of NF-κB and lowered protein levels of NLRP-3, caspase-1, and mature IL-1β. In vitro, in the absence of ox-LDL-c, C. aronia led to reduced nuclear levels of NF-κB, ROS generation, and protein NLRP-3 levels, in both LPS-stimulated and unstimulated macrophages, in a dose-dependent manner. However, protein levels of LOX-1 were not affected by C. aronia in unstimulated cells. In conclusion, C. aronia inhibits the NLRP-3 inflammasome pathway, induced by HFD feeding in the aorta of rats, mainly by its hypolipidemic effect and in vitro, in LPS-stimulated macrophages, by its antioxidant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah S Shatoor
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Section, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Suliman Al Humayed
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
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Shatoor AS, Shati A, Humayed SA, Al-Qahtani S, Alkhateeb M. Opposite Modulatory Effects of Crataegus aronia Aqueous Extract on Platelet Aggregation in Rats. Chin J Integr Med 2020; 27:696-704. [PMID: 32418179 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-020-3187-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To reveal the mechanisms behind the dual effects of Crataegus aronia (C. aronia) aqueous extract on platelet aggregation by focusing on function, regulation, expression, and signaling of platelets P2Y12 receptors. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats (120 ± 10 g) were classified as control received the vehicle, C. aronia (200 mg/kg), and C. aronia (2,000 mg/kg)-treated rats. After treatments for consecutive 7 days, hematological and molecular experiments were conducted to detect alterations in platelet aggregation, thromboxane B2 (THXB2) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) content; protein levels of P2Y12, p-Akt, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), phosphorylated vasodilator-stimulated-phosphoprotein (p-VASP), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), P-selectin, and etc. in platelets were determined by Western blot; mRNA expressions of P2Y12 and some inflammatory markers were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS At a concentration of 200 mg/kg, C. aronia inhibited platelet aggregation through multiple interconnected mechanisms including downregulation P2Y12 synthesis and expression, stimulating intracellular cAMP levels and protein levels of p-VASP, inhibiting platelets THXB2 release and protein levels of P-selectin. Also, it inhibited platelets level of ROS and of NF-κB, a major signaling pathway that stimulates the expression of P2Y12 and THXA2 synthesis. Opposite findings were seen in platelets of rats received C. aronia at a concentration of 2,000 mg/kg. Interestingly, co-administration of N-acetylcysteine prevented all hematological and molecular alterations exerted by the high dose of the extract and inhibited platelet aggregation. CONCLUSION Oral administration of C. aronia at low dose inhibits platelet aggregation by reducing THXB2 release, expression of P-selectin and activating cAMP and Akt signaling through two major mechanisms including downregulation of P2Y12 and inhibition of ROS-induced activation of NF-κB, an effect that is observed to be in the opposite direction with its high dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah S Shatoor
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Section, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 64121, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ali Shati
- Department of Biology, College of Science, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 64121, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Al Humayed
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Section, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 64121, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Al-Qahtani
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Alkhateeb
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 11481, Saudi Arabia
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Shatoor AS, Al Humayed S, Alkhateeb MA, Shatoor KA, Aldera H, Alassiri M, Shati AA. Crataegus Aronia protects and reverses vascular inflammation in a high fat diet rat model by an antioxidant mechanism and modulating serum levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:38-48. [PMID: 30702358 PMCID: PMC6366417 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1564930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Crataegus aronia (Willd.) Bosc (Rosaceae) (syn. Azarolus L) is traditionally used to treat cardiovascular disorders. OBJECTIVES To investigate C. aronia protection against a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced vascular inflammation in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar Male rats (180-220 g) were divided (n = 10/group) as control fed a standard diet (STD), STD + C. aronia (200 mg/kg, orally), HFD, HFD + C. aronia and HFD post-treated with C. aronia. Simvastatin (20 mg/kg) was co- or post-administered as a positive control drug. HFD was given for 8 weeks, and all other treatments were administered for 4 weeks. RESULTS Most significantly, co-administration of C. aronia to HFD-fed rats reduced the thickness of aorta tunica media (90 ± 5 vs. 160 ± 11.3 µm) and adventitia (54.3 ± 3.8 vs. 93.6 ± 9.4 µm). It also lowered protein levels of TNF-α (0.51 ± 0.15 and 0.15 ± 0.16 vs. 0.1 ± 0.09%) and IL-6 (0.52 ± 0.19 vs. 1.0 ± 0.2%) in their aorta or serum (5.9 ± 0.91 vs. 12.98 ± 1.3 ng/mL and 78.1 ± 6.7 vs. 439 ± 78 pg/mL, respectively). It also lowered all serum lipids and increased aorta levels of GSH levels (70.4 ± 4.0 vs. 40.7 µM) and activity of SOD (5.7 ± 0.7 vs. 2.9 ± 0.6 U/mg) and decreased serum levels of ox-LDL-c (566.7 ± 46 vs. 1817 ± 147 ng/mL). Such effects were more profound than all other treatments. CONCLUSIONS C. aronia inhibits the HFD-induced vascular inflammation and its use in clinical trials is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah S. Shatoor
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Section, College of Medicine, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Saudi Arabia
- CONTACT Abdullah S. Shatoor Department of Medicine, Cardiology Section, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha64121, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Al Humayed
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Section, College of Medicine, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A. Alkhateeb
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A. Shatoor
- An intern, College of Medicine, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Aldera
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alassiri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A. Shati
- Department of Biology College of Science, College of Medicine, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Shatoor AS, Shati A, Al Humayed SM, Shatoor AK, Alhawiti NM, Alqahtani SA. The hypocoagulant effect of Crataegus aronia in rats entails vitamin K-dependent and vitamin K-independent effects. J Food Biochem 2019; 44:e13094. [PMID: 31702060 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of the aqueous extract of Crataegus aronia on blood coagulation in rats. Rats (200 ± 10 g,) were divided into two groups (6 rats/each) of control or C. aronia-treated rats which treated with the vehicle or the extract (200 mg/kg) for 21 days. With normal liver structure, serum levels of ALT, AST and ɣ-GT, platelet count, and plasma levels of vWF, values of PT and aPTT were significantly increased in C. aronia-treated rats. Also, it lowered serum levels of vitamin K (VK) and plasma activities of FII, FV, FVII, FVIII, FIX, FX, and FXI and downregulated hepatic levels of the VK-dependent factors (FII, FVII, FIX, and FX). In addition, C. aronia reduced fecal levels of triglycerides and cholesterol and serum levels triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL-c, and vLDL-c. In conclusion, with the hypocoagulant effect of C. aronia activity involves VK-dependent and non-vitamin K-dependent factors. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In this study, we are reporting for the first time an in vivo hypocoagulant effect of C. aronia in rats. Such effect involved both VK-dependent and independent factors. However, the decrease in the activity and expression of VK-dependent factors was associated with reduced fecal levels of TGs and CHOL and serum levels of TGs, CHOL, LDL-c, and vLDL-c. These data suggest a possible impairment in the VK absorption, transport, or hepatic uptake. These data encourage further pharmacological, translational, and clinical studies to isolate the active ingredients to investigate them at the human level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah S Shatoor
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Section, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Shati
- Department of Biology, College of Science, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman M Al Humayed
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Section, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz K Shatoor
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Section, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif M Alhawiti
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan A Alqahtani
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Al Humayed S, Al-Ani B, El Karib AO, Shatoor AS, Eid RA, Aziz S, Wani JI, Haidara MA. Suppression of acetaminophen-induced hepatocyte ultrastructural alterations in rats using a combination of resveratrol and quercetin. Ultrastruct Pathol 2019; 43:162-169. [PMID: 31631752 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2019.1680585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ingestion of a toxic dose of the analgesic drug, acetaminophen (also called paracetamol or APAP), is among the most common causes of acute liver injury in humans. We tested the hypothesis that the combined polyphenolic compounds, resveratrol (RES) and quercetin (QUR), can substantially protect against hepatocyte ultrastructural damage induced by a toxic dose of APAP in a rat model of APAP-induced acute liver injury. The model group of rats received a single dose of APAP (2 g/kg), whereas the protective group of rats was pretreated for 7 days with combined doses of RES (30 mg/kg) and QUR (50 mg/kg) before being given a single dose of APAP. All rats were then sacrificed 24 hours post APAP ingestion. Harvested liver tissues were prepared for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) staining, and liver homogenates were assayed for biomarkers of inflammation, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and oxidative stress, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). In addition, blood samples were assayed for the liver injury enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as an indicator of liver damage. TEM images showed that APAP overdose induced acute liver injury as demonstrated by profound hepatocyte ultrastructural alterations, which were substantially protected by RES+QUR. In addition, APAP significantly (p < 0.05) modulated TNF-α, IL-6, MDA, SOD, GPx, and ALT biomarkers, which were completely protected by RES+QUR. Thus, RES+QUR effectively protects against APAP-induced acute liver injury in rats, possibly via the inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suliman Al Humayed
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bahjat Al-Ani
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abbas O El Karib
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S Shatoor
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Refaat A Eid
- Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Aziz
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed I Wani
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Haidara
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Physiology Department, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Eid RA, Al-Shraim M, Zaki MS, Kamar SS, Abdel Latif NS, Negm S, Al-Ani B, Haidara MA. Vitamin E protects against monosodium glutamate-induced acute liver injury and hepatocyte ultrastructural alterations in rats. Ultrastruct Pathol 2019; 43:199-208. [PMID: 31599191 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2019.1673860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Refaat A. Eid
- Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak Al-Shraim
- Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Sa. Zaki
- Departments of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samaa S. Kamar
- Departments of Medical HistologyKasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Noha S. Abdel Latif
- Departments of Medical Pharmacology, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sally Negm
- Departments of Microbiology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Mahail Campus, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bahjat Al-Ani
- Departments of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Haidara
- Departments of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Physiology Department, Kasr al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Dallak M. Crataegus aronia enhances sperm parameters and preserves testicular architecture in both control and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-induced rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:535-547. [PMID: 30375253 PMCID: PMC6211218 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1523934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Crataegus aronia (syn. Azarolus L.) (Rosaceae) is used in traditional medicine due to its hypolipidaemic and antioxidant properties. OBJECTIVES This study investigates the effect of C. aronia whole plant aqueous extract on sperm parameter and testicular structure in control and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-induced rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male rats were divided into six groups (10 rats each) as control fed a standard diet (STD) (10% kcal), STD + C. aronia (200 mg/kg), high-fat diet (HFD) (45% kcal), HFD + C. aronia, HFD followed by C. aronia, and C. aronia followed by HFD. Rats were treated with C. aronia (once/day, orally) for four weeks. RESULTS Compared with STD rats, STD rats co-treated with C. aronia had lower hepatic triglycerides (0.58 vs. 0.42 mg/g) and cholesterol (5.4 vs. 3.27 mg/g) contents, higher levels of testosterone (8.43 vs. 10.9 ng/mL), luteinizing hormone (6.05 vs. 8.1 mIU/mL) and follicle-stimulating hormone (5.8 vs. 8.0 mIU/mL) and increased epididymis weight (1.28 vs. 1.5g) and sperm count (133.2 vs. 148.3 million/0.1 mg) and motility (66.8%vs. 77.6%). They showed increased testicular levels of glutathione (6.3 vs. 7.75 µM/L) and higher protein levels of Nrf2 (0.37 vs. 0.79), γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (0.27 vs. 0.5) and superoxide dismutase (0.92 vs. 2.1). Concomitant or post-treatment of C. aronia to NAFLD rats prevented the declines in sperm parameters and damage in the testis by similar effects like those found in the STD rats. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This study encourages the use of C. aronia in further future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Dallak
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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