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Olas B. The Cardioprotective Role of Nitrate-Rich Vegetables. Foods 2024; 13:691. [PMID: 38472804 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an inorganic radical produced by both the non-enzymatic nitrate (NO3-)-nitrite (NO2-)-NO pathway and enzymatic reactions catalyzed by nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Also, as nitrate and nitrite from dietary and other endogenous sources can be reduced back to nitric oxide in vivo, the endogenous NO level can be increased through the consumption of nitrate-rich vegetables. Ingestion of dietary NO3- has beneficial effects which have been attributed to a subsequent increase in NO: a signaling molecule that may regulate various systems, including the cardiovascular system. A diet rich in NO3- from green leafy and root vegetables has cardioprotective effects, with beetroot products being particularly good sources of NO3-. For example, various studies have demonstrated a significant increase in nitrite levels (regarded as markers of NO) in plasma after the intake of beetroot juice. The present review describes the current literature concerning the role of nitrate-rich vegetables (especially beetroot products) in the prophylaxis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This review is based on studies identified in electronic databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Knowledge, Sci Finder, Web of Science, and SCOPUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Olas
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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Rathore A, Sharma AK, Murti Y, Bansal S, Kumari V, Snehi V, Kulshreshtha M. Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Myocardial Infarction Disease: A Systematic Review. Curr Cardiol Rev 2024; 20:e290424229484. [PMID: 38685783 PMCID: PMC11327834 DOI: 10.2174/011573403x278881240405044328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction (MI), also referred to as a "heart attack," is brought on by a partial or total interruption of blood supply to the myocardium. Myocardial infarction can be "silent," go undiagnosed, or it can be a catastrophic occurrence that results in hemodynamic decline and untimely death. In recent years, herbal remedies for MI have become effective, secure, and readily accessible. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review was to examine the medicinal plants and phytochemicals that have been used to treat MI in order to assess the potential contribution of natural substances to the development of herbal MI treatments. METHODOLOGY A literature search was employed to find information utilizing electronic databases, such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, Sci Finder, Reaxys, and Cochrane. RESULTS The identification of 140 plants from 12 families led to the abstraction of data on the plant families, parts of the plant employed, chemical contents, extracts, model used, and dose. CONCLUSION The majority of the MI plants, according to the data, belonged to the Fabaceae (11%) and Asteraceae (9%) families, and the most prevalent natural components in plants with MI were flavonoids (43%), glucosides (25%), alkaloids (23%), phenolic acid (19%), saponins (15%), and tannins (12%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Rathore
- Department of Pharmacology, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anuj Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yogesh Murti
- G.L.A. University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonal Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vibha Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Varsha Snehi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mayank Kulshreshtha
- Department of Pharmacology, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Mukta MM, Hossain MJ, Akter M, Banik B, Mithun MDMZ, Sarwar S, Arefin MS, Islam MR, Islam SN. Cardioprotection of Water Spinach ( Ipomoea aquatica), Wood Apple ( Limonia acidissima) and Linseed ( Linum usitatissimum L.) on Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Rat Model. Nutr Metab Insights 2023; 16:11786388231212116. [PMID: 38024869 PMCID: PMC10666662 DOI: 10.1177/11786388231212116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacological efficacy of 3 functional foods (Water spinach, Wood apple, and Linseed) against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and oxidative stress in rat models. Methods Twenty-five Wistar Albino rats (male and female) were equally classified into 5 groups. Except for the normal control (NC) group, the animals received 2.5 mg/kg doxorubicin (DOX) intra-peritoneal injection at 48 hours intervals to create a dose of 15 mg/kg overall for 14 days. Simply a standard diet was given to the NC and DOX groups. In the 3 treatment groups such as water spinach (DOX + WS), wood apple (DOX + WA), and linseed (DOX + LS), rats were given 14 gm/day/rat fried water spinach, mashed wood apple, roasted linseed, respectively mixed with regular rat diet at 1:1 ratio. Blood and heart samples were collected by sacrificing all the rats on the last of the experiment day (the 15th day). LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), CK-MB (creatine kinase myocardial band), MDA (malondialdehyde), and SOD (superoxide dismutase) were analyzed. Additionally, histopathological analysis was conducted for final observation. Results The functional foods were indicated to lower the serum cardiac biomarkers (LDH and CK-MB) as well as stress marker (MDA) significantly (P < .05) and improved heart function and oxidative stress. However, the change in serum SOD level was noted as statistically insignificant (P > .05). The biochemical outcomes of the food intervention groups were supported by the histological findings found in those groups. Conclusion Consuming the investigated foods containing antioxidant phytochemicals may combat cardiac toxicity and oxidative stress. Nonetheless, thorough investigations and clinical monitoring are required to understand these functional foods' mechanism of action and dose-response effects in treating cardiotoxicity and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisha Majid Mukta
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mousumi Akter
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Badhan Banik
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Sneha Sarwar
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Saidul Arefin
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rabiul Islam
- School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sheikh Nazrul Islam
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Flores-Estrada J, Cano-Martínez A, Vargas-González Á, Castrejón-Téllez V, Cornejo-Garrido J, Martínez-Rosas M, Guarner-Lans V, Rubio-Ruíz ME. Hepatoprotective Mechanisms Induced by Spinach Methanolic Extract in Rats with Hyperglycemia-An Immunohistochemical Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2013. [PMID: 38001866 PMCID: PMC10669258 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12112013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinach methanolic extract (SME) has a hepatoprotective effect due to its polyphenolic antioxidants; however, its action in parenchymal (PQ) and non-parenchymal (nPQ) cells remains unknown. This study investigates the hepatoprotective effect of SME on streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats (STZ), focusing on immunohistochemical analyses. Methods: The extract was prepared, and the total polyphenols and antioxidant activity were quantified. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 8): normoglycemic rats (NG), STZ-induced hyperglycemic (STZ), STZ treated with 400 mg/kg SME (STZ-SME), and NG treated with SME (SME) for 12 weeks. Serum liver transaminases and lipid peroxidation levels in tissue were determined. The distribution pattern and relative levels of markers related to oxidative stress [reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase-1, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase-1], of cytoprotective molecules [nuclear NRF2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)], of inflammatory mediators [nuclear NF-κB, TNF-α], proliferation (PCNA), and of fibrogenesis markers [TGF-β, Smad2/3, MMP-9, and TIMP1] were evaluated. Results: SME had antioxidant capacity, and it lowered serum transaminase levels in STZ-SME compared to STZ. It reduced NOX4 staining, and lipid peroxidation levels were related to low formation of ROS. In STZ-SME, the immunostaining for antioxidant enzymes increased in nPQ cells compared to STZ. However, enzymes were also localized in extra and intracellular vesicles in STZ. Nuclear NRF2 staining and HO-1 expression in PQ and nPQ were higher in STZ-SME than in STZ. Inflammatory factors were decreased in STZ-SME and were related to the percentage decrease in NF-κB nuclear staining in nPQ cells. Similarly, TGF-β (in the sinusoids) and MMP-9 (in nPQ) were increased in the STZ-SME group compared to the other groups; however, staining for CTGF, TIMP1, and Smad2/3 was lower. Conclusions: SME treatment in hyperglycemic rats induced by STZ may have hepatoprotective properties due to its scavenger capacity and the regulation of differential expression of antioxidant enzymes between the PQ and nPQ cells, reducing inflammatory and fibrogenic biomarkers in liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agustina Cano-Martínez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.C.-M.); (Á.V.-G.); (V.C.-T.); (M.M.-R.); (V.G.-L.); (M.E.R.-R.)
| | - Álvaro Vargas-González
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.C.-M.); (Á.V.-G.); (V.C.-T.); (M.M.-R.); (V.G.-L.); (M.E.R.-R.)
| | - Vicente Castrejón-Téllez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.C.-M.); (Á.V.-G.); (V.C.-T.); (M.M.-R.); (V.G.-L.); (M.E.R.-R.)
| | - Jorge Cornejo-Garrido
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Productos Naturales, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía (ENMH), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico;
| | - Martín Martínez-Rosas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.C.-M.); (Á.V.-G.); (V.C.-T.); (M.M.-R.); (V.G.-L.); (M.E.R.-R.)
| | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.C.-M.); (Á.V.-G.); (V.C.-T.); (M.M.-R.); (V.G.-L.); (M.E.R.-R.)
| | - María Esther Rubio-Ruíz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.C.-M.); (Á.V.-G.); (V.C.-T.); (M.M.-R.); (V.G.-L.); (M.E.R.-R.)
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Ahmed MI, Abdelrazek HMA, Moustafa YM, Alshawwa SZ, Mobasher MA, Abdel-Wahab BA, Abdelgawad FE, Khodeer DM. Cardioprotective Effect of Flibanserin against Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction in Female Rats: Role of Cardiac 5-HT2A Receptor Gene/5-HT/Ca2+ Pathway. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040502. [PMID: 37111259 PMCID: PMC10143970 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a life-threatening ischemic disease and is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Serotonin (5-HT) release during myocardial ischemia plays an important role in the progression of myocardial cellular injury. This study was conducted to investigate the possible cardioprotective effect of flibanserin (FLP) against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced MI in rats. Rats were randomly divided into five groups and were treated orally (p.o.) with FLP (15, 30, and 45 mg/kg) for 28 days. ISO was administered subcutaneously (S.C.) (85 mg/kg) on the 27th and 28th days to induce MI. ISO-induced myocardial infarcted rats exhibited a significant increase in cardiac markers, oxidative stress markers, cardiac and serum 5-HT levels, and total cardiac calcium (Ca2+) concentration. ISO-induced myocardial infarcted rats also revealed a remarkable alteration of electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern and significantly upregulated expression of the 5-Hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT2A) receptors gene. Moreover, ISO-induced myocardial infarcted rats showed significant histopathological findings of MI and hypertrophic signs. However, pretreatment with FLP significantly attenuated the ISO-induced MI in a dose-dependent manner, as the effect of FLP (45 mg/kg) was more pronounced than that of the other two doses, FLP (15 and 30 mg/kg). The present study provides evidence for the cardioprotective efficacy of FLP against ISO-induced MI in rats.
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Gunata M, Parlakpinar H. Experimental heart failure models in small animals. Heart Fail Rev 2023; 28:533-554. [PMID: 36504404 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-022-10286-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is one of the most critical health and economic burdens worldwide, and its prevalence is continuously increasing. HF is a disease that occurs due to a pathological change arising from the function or structure of the heart tissue and usually progresses. Numerous experimental HF models have been created to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms that cause HF. An understanding of the pathophysiology of HF is essential for the development of novel efficient therapies. During the past few decades, animal models have provided new insights into the complex pathogenesis of HF. Success in the pathophysiology and treatment of HF has been achieved by using animal models of HF. The development of new in vivo models is critical for evaluating treatments such as gene therapy, mechanical devices, and new surgical approaches. However, each animal model has advantages and limitations, and none of these models is suitable for studying all aspects of HF. Therefore, the researchers have to choose an appropriate experimental model that will fully reflect HF. Despite some limitations, these animal models provided a significant advance in the etiology and pathogenesis of HF. Also, experimental HF models have led to the development of new treatments. In this review, we discussed widely used experimental HF models that continue to provide critical information for HF patients and facilitate the development of new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Gunata
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, 44280, Türkiye
| | - Hakan Parlakpinar
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, 44280, Türkiye.
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Tao H, Li L, He Y, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Wang Q, Hong G. Flavonoids in vegetables: improvement of dietary flavonoids by metabolic engineering to promote health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3220-3234. [PMID: 36218329 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2131726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are the most abundant polyphenols in plants, and have antioxidant effects as well as other bioactivities (e.g., anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-allergic, and neuroprotective effects). Vegetables are rich in flavonoids and are indispensable in our daily diet. Moreover, the vegetables as chassis for producing natural products would emerge as a promising means for cost-effective and sustainable production of flavonoids. Understanding the metabolic engineering of flavonoids in vegetables allows us to improve their nutrient composition. In this review, a comprehensive overview of flavonoids in vegetables, including the characterized types and distribution, health-promoting effects, associated metabolic pathways, and applied metabolic engineering are provided. We also introduce breakthroughs in multi-omics approaches that pertain to the elucidation of flavonoids metabolism in vegetables, as well as prospective and potential genome-editing technologies. Based on the varied composition and content of flavonoids among vegetables, dietary suggestions are further provided for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Tao
- Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linying Li
- Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqing He
- Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gaojie Hong
- Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Kothari P, Sinha S, Sardar A, Tripathi AK, Girme A, Adhikary S, Singh R, Maurya R, Mishra PR, Hingorani L, Trivedi R. Inhibition of cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone deterioration by Spinacia oleracea in human mimic of ACLT-induced osteoarthritis. Food Funct 2020; 11:8273-8285. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01125h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritic conditions in ACLT model in rats were attenuated by SOE administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Kothari
- Endocrinology Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow
- India
| | - Shradha Sinha
- Endocrinology Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Anirban Sardar
- Endocrinology Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | | | | | - Sulekha Adhikary
- Endocrinology Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow
- India
| | | | - Rakesh Maurya
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow
- India
| | - Prabhat Ranjan Mishra
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow
- India
| | | | - Ritu Trivedi
- Endocrinology Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
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