1
|
Caño-Carrillo S, Castillo-Casas JM, Franco D, Lozano-Velasco E. Unraveling the Signaling Dynamics of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiac Diseases. Cells 2024; 13:265. [PMID: 38334657 PMCID: PMC10854837 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Effective intercellular communication is essential for cellular and tissue balance maintenance and response to challenges. Cellular communication methods involve direct cell contact or the release of biological molecules to cover short and long distances. However, a recent discovery in this communication network is the involvement of extracellular vesicles that host biological contents such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, influencing neighboring cells. These extracellular vesicles are found in body fluids; thus, they are considered as potential disease biomarkers. Cardiovascular diseases are significant contributors to global morbidity and mortality, encompassing conditions such as ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathies, electrical heart diseases, and heart failure. Recent studies reveal the release of extracellular vesicles by cardiovascular cells, influencing normal cardiac function and structure. However, under pathological conditions, extracellular vesicles composition changes, contributing to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Investigating the loading of molecular cargo in these extracellular vesicles is essential for understanding their role in disease development. This review consolidates the latest insights into the role of extracellular vesicles in diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases, exploring the potential applications of extracellular vesicles in personalized therapies, shedding light on the evolving landscape of cardiovascular medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Estefanía Lozano-Velasco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (D.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ding J, Li H, Liu W, Wang X, Feng Y, Guan H, Chen Z. miR-186-5p Dysregulation in Serum Exosomes from Patients with AMI Aggravates Atherosclerosis via Targeting LOX-1. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:6301-6316. [PMID: 36536941 PMCID: PMC9758944 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s383904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The formation of macrophage-derived foam cells via the uptake of modified lipoproteins is a pivotal development event in atherosclerosis. It has been reported that clinical and experimental myocardial infarction could accelerate atherosclerosis. Several studies have suggested the critical role of exosomes in cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of exosomes from patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients in atherogenesis remains unclear. Patients and Methods Serum exosomes from AMI patients (AMI-Exo) and control individuals (Con-Exo) were isolated and characterized. These exosomes were studied in vitro and in vivo to determine their impact on macrophage foaming and atherogenesis. Results Our results showed that AMI-Exo promoted foam cell formation in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-treated macrophages and progression of atherosclerosis in high-fat/cholesterol diet-fed ApoE-/- mice together with a significantly upregulated levels of lectin-like ox-LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1). The miR-186-5p was found to be downregulated in AMI-Exo and macrophages administered with AMI-Exo. Moreover, serum exosomal miR-186-5p achieved high diagnostic performance for AMI. Luciferase reporter assay indicated that miR-186-5p directly inhibited LOX-1. The endogenous or exogenous miR-186-5p deficiency enhanced lipid accumulation by upregulating LOX-1, whereas miR-186-5p mimics had a reverse effect. Conclusion In conclusion, the current findings suggest that dysregulated miR-186-5p in AMI-Exo may explain the contribution of acute ischemia events to the advancement of atherosclerosis by enhancing macrophage foaming via its target, LOX-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China,Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial Key Lab for Control of Coronary Heart Disease, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital Heart Center, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huili Li
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuehua Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongquan Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Zhijian Chen; Hongquan Guan, Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China, Tel + 86 27 85726011, Fax +86 27 85727340, Email
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hou R, Lu T, Gao W, Shen J, Yu Z, Li D, Zhang R, Zheng Y, Cai X. Prussian Blue Nanozyme Promotes the Survival Rate of Skin Flaps by Maintaining a Normal Microenvironment. ACS NANO 2022; 16:9559-9571. [PMID: 35549154 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury leads to a low success rate of skin flap transplantation in reconstruction surgery, thus requiring development of new treatments. Necroptosis and apoptosis pathways, along with overexpression of reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory factors in skin flap transplantation, are deemed as potential therapeutic targets. This study provides a paradigm for nanozyme-mediated microenvironment maintenance to improve the survival rate of the transplanted skin flap. Prussian blue nanozyme (PBzyme) with multiple intrinsic biological activities was constructed and selected for this proof-of-concept study. The prepared PBzyme shows anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, antinecroptotic, and antioxidant activities in both in vitro and in vivo models of I/R injured skin flaps. The multiple inhibitory effects of PBzyme maintained a normal microenvironment and thus significantly promoted the survival rate of the I/R injured skin flap (from 37.21 ± 8.205% to 79.61 ± 7.5%). Of note, PBzyme regulated the expression of the characteristic signal molecules of necroptosis, including Rip 1, Rip 3, and pMLKL, indicating that PBzyme may be a therapeutic agent for necroptosis-related diseases. This study shows great prospects for clinical application of PBzyme in the treatment of skin flaps via local administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ninth People'S Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School Of medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxiang Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital Affiliated to the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheyuan Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ninth People'S Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School Of medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Datao Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ninth People'S Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School Of medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruhong Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ninth People'S Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School Of medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyi Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound Medicine, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Cai
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound Medicine, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|