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Corona-Meraz FI, Vázquez-Del Mercado M, Sandoval-García F, Robles-De Anda JA, Tovar-Cuevas AJ, Rosales-Gómez RC, Guzmán-Ornelas MO, González-Inostroz D, Peña-Nava M, Martín-Márquez BT. Biomarkers in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus along with Metabolic Syndrome. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1988. [PMID: 38610754 PMCID: PMC11012563 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13071988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of physiological abnormalities characterized by obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and hypertriglyceridemia, which carry the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Immune and metabolic alterations have been observed in MetS and are associated with autoimmune development. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease caused by a complex interaction of environmental, hormonal, and genetic factors and hyperactivation of immune cells. Patients with SLE have a high prevalence of MetS, in which elevated CVD is observed. Among the efforts of multidisciplinary healthcare teams to make an early diagnosis, a wide variety of factors have been considered and associated with the generation of biomarkers. This review aimed to elucidate some primary biomarkers and propose a set of assessments to improve the projection of the diagnosis and evolution of patients. These biomarkers include metabolic profiles, cytokines, cardiovascular tests, and microRNAs (miRs), which have been observed to be dysregulated in these patients and associated with outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Isadora Corona-Meraz
- Multidisciplinary Health Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Tonala, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 45425, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.-J.T.-C.); (R.-C.R.-G.); (M.-O.G.-O.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal System Research, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (M.V.-D.M.); (F.S.-G.); (J.-A.R.-D.A.); (D.G.-I.); (M.P.-N.)
| | - Mónica Vázquez-Del Mercado
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal System Research, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (M.V.-D.M.); (F.S.-G.); (J.-A.R.-D.A.); (D.G.-I.); (M.P.-N.)
- Rheumatology Service, Internal Medicine Division, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara “Dr. Juan I. Menchaca”, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Academic Group UDG-CA-703, “Immunology and Rheumatology”, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Flavio Sandoval-García
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal System Research, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (M.V.-D.M.); (F.S.-G.); (J.-A.R.-D.A.); (D.G.-I.); (M.P.-N.)
- Academic Group UDG-CA-703, “Immunology and Rheumatology”, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jesus-Aureliano Robles-De Anda
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal System Research, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (M.V.-D.M.); (F.S.-G.); (J.-A.R.-D.A.); (D.G.-I.); (M.P.-N.)
| | - Alvaro-Jovanny Tovar-Cuevas
- Multidisciplinary Health Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Tonala, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 45425, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.-J.T.-C.); (R.-C.R.-G.); (M.-O.G.-O.)
| | - Roberto-Carlos Rosales-Gómez
- Multidisciplinary Health Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Tonala, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 45425, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.-J.T.-C.); (R.-C.R.-G.); (M.-O.G.-O.)
| | - Milton-Omar Guzmán-Ornelas
- Multidisciplinary Health Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Tonala, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 45425, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.-J.T.-C.); (R.-C.R.-G.); (M.-O.G.-O.)
| | - Daniel González-Inostroz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal System Research, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (M.V.-D.M.); (F.S.-G.); (J.-A.R.-D.A.); (D.G.-I.); (M.P.-N.)
| | - Miguel Peña-Nava
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal System Research, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (M.V.-D.M.); (F.S.-G.); (J.-A.R.-D.A.); (D.G.-I.); (M.P.-N.)
| | - Beatriz-Teresita Martín-Márquez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal System Research, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (M.V.-D.M.); (F.S.-G.); (J.-A.R.-D.A.); (D.G.-I.); (M.P.-N.)
- Academic Group UDG-CA-703, “Immunology and Rheumatology”, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
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Tarabeih N, Kalinkovich A, Ashkenazi S, Cherny SS, Shalata A, Livshits G. Relationships between Circulating Biomarkers and Body Composition Parameters in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Community-Based Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:881. [PMID: 38255954 PMCID: PMC10815336 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex disease involving multiple physiological, biochemical, and metabolic abnormalities. The search for reliable biomarkers may help to better elucidate its pathogenesis and develop new preventive and therapeutic strategies. In the present population-based study, we looked for biomarkers of MetS among obesity- and inflammation-related circulating factors and body composition parameters in 1079 individuals (with age range between 18 and 80) belonging to an ethnically homogeneous population. Plasma levels of soluble markers were measured by using ELISA. Body composition parameters were assessed using bioimpedance analysis (BIA). Statistical analysis, including mixed-effects regression, with MetS as a dependent variable, revealed that the most significant independent variables were mainly adipose tissue-related phenotypes, including fat mass/weight (FM/WT) [OR (95% CI)], 2.77 (2.01-3.81); leptin/adiponectin ratio (L/A ratio), 1.50 (1.23-1.83); growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) levels, 1.32 (1.08-1.62); inflammatory markers, specifically monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR), 2.53 (2.00-3.15), and a few others. Additive Bayesian network modeling suggests that age, sex, MHR, and FM/WT are directly associated with MetS and probably affect its manifestation. Additionally, MetS may be causing the GDF-15 and L/A ratio. Our novel findings suggest the existence of complex, age-related, and possibly hierarchical relationships between MetS and factors associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Tarabeih
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (N.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Alexander Kalinkovich
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; (A.K.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Shai Ashkenazi
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (N.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Stacey S. Cherny
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; (A.K.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Adel Shalata
- The Simon Winter Institute for Human Genetics, Bnai Zion Medical Center, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel;
| | - Gregory Livshits
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (N.T.); (S.A.)
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; (A.K.); (S.S.C.)
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Schmid A, Roderfeld M, Karrasch T, Roeb E, Schäffler A. Serum Chemerin Is Decreased by Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Low Calorie-Formula Diet in Obese Individuals. Biomedicines 2023; 12:33. [PMID: 38255140 PMCID: PMC10813162 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The pleiotropic chemokine chemerin is involved in multiple processes in metabolism and inflammation. The present study aimed to elucidate its regulation in morbid obesity and during therapy-induced rapid weight loss. A total of 128 severely obese patients were enrolled, and their basal anthropometric and clinical parameters were assessed. In total, 64 individuals attended a conservative 12-month weight loss program that included a low calorie-formula diet (LCD), and 64 patients underwent bariatric surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, RYGB). Blood serum was obtained at study baseline and at follow-up visits after 3, 6, and 12 months. Systemic chemerin concentrations, as well as metabolic and immunological parameters, were quantified. During the 12-month period studied, serum chemerin levels decreased significantly with weight loss after bariatric surgery, as well as with conservative low calorie therapy; however, the effects of RYGB were generally stronger. No substantial associations of systemic chemerin concentrations with therapy-induced improvement of type 2 diabetes and with indicators of liver function and fibrosis were observed. We conclude that systemic chemerin levels decrease in obese individuals during weight loss, regardless of the therapeutic strategy. A potential involvement in weight loss-associated improvement of metabolic disorders and liver fibrosis remains to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Roderfeld
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Karrasch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Elke Roeb
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäffler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Adams-Huet B, Jialal I. Correlates of Insulin Resistance in Nascent Metabolic Syndrome. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes 2023; 16:11795514231168279. [PMID: 37113327 PMCID: PMC10126783 DOI: 10.1177/11795514231168279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), a major global problem, is a cluster of cardio-metabolic risk factors that predisposes to both type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Insulin resistance is a major underpinning of MetS. Objectives We investigated the relationship between insulin resistance and biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, free fatty acids (FFA) levels and adipokine dysregulation in a cohort of nascent MetS. Design This was a cross-sectional study comparing patients with MetS with matched controls. Patients and Methods Participants included 47 patients with MetS and 41 controls. Persons with diabetes, ASCVD, smoking and macro-inflammation were excluded. Fasting blood was obtained for both plasma and monocyte isolation. Homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated from fasting glucose and insulin levels. Results The patients were insulin resistant as determined by a valid measure, HOMA-IR. HOMA-IR increased with increasing severity of MetS and correlated with cardio-metabolic features, hsCRP, FFA levels, and adipose tissue insulin resistance. Insulin resistance also correlated with biomarkers of oxidative stress and both circulating and cellular biomarkers of inflammation. Receiver operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that HOMA-IR was an excellent predictor of MetS with an area under the curve of 0.80. Conclusion In our patients with nascent MetS we show that they have significant insulin resistance. Based on our findings, elevated FFA levels, oxidative stress and inflammation could contribute to the insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ishwarlal Jialal
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Mather, CA, USA
- Ishwarlal Jialal, UC Davis, Staff Physician, VA Medical Center, 10535 Hospital Way, Mather, CA 95655, USA.
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The Association of Serum Circulating Neuropeptide Q and Chemerin Levels with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121863. [PMID: 34944507 PMCID: PMC8699277 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential involvement of neuropeptide Q (NPQ) and chemerin (CHEM) in metabolic disorders is yet to be fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum concentrations of NPQ and CHEM and to establish their relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors among individuals with metabolic syndrome. A total of 66 patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and 83 healthy volunteers (non-MetS) underwent biochemical, blood pressure, and anthropometric measurements. The concentration of NPQ in the MetS group was significantly lower (0.47 (0.34 ; 0.54) vs. 0.52 (0.43 ; 0.60) ng/mL, p = 0.015) than in non-MetS, while there were no differences in CHEM level. In the entire study population, we observed several negative correlations between NPQ concentration and waist-hip ratio (WHR), visceral adipose tissue, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglycerides (TG) along with a positive correlation with high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total muscle mass, and CHEM. Moreover, a negative correlation was observed in the MetS group between NPQ and glycemia. CHEM showed no significant correlations with cardiometabolic risk factors in the study population. In a multiple regression model, the total muscle mass proved to be an independent factor determining NPQ concentration in the population (p < 0.00000001, R2adj = 28.6%). NPQ seems to protect against metabolic disorders correlated with obesity. Thus, it is worth considering NPQ level as a candidate protective biomarker of metabolic syndrome complications.
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