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Pikuleva IA. Challenges and Opportunities in P450 Research on the Eye. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1295-1307. [PMID: 36914277 PMCID: PMC10506698 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.001072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Of the 57 cytochrome P450 enzymes found in humans, at least 30 have ocular tissues as an expression site. Yet knowledge of the roles of these P450s in the eye is limited, in part because only very few P450 laboratories expanded their research interests to studies of the eye. Hence the goal of this review is to bring attention of the P450 community to the eye and encourage more ocular studies. This review is also intended to be educational for eye researchers and encourage their collaborations with P450 experts. The review starts with a description of the eye, a fascinating sensory organ, and is followed by sections on ocular P450 localizations, specifics of drug delivery to the eye, and individual P450s, which are grouped and presented based on their substrate preferences. In sections describing individual P450s, available eye-relevant information is summarized and concluded by the suggestions on the opportunities in ocular studies of the discussed enzymes. Potential challenges are addressed as well. The conclusion section outlines several practical suggestions on how to initiate eye-related research. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review focuses on the cytochrome P450 enzymes in the eye to encourage their ocular investigations and collaborations between P450 and eye researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Pikuleva
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Berry V, Ionides A, Georgiou M, Quinlan RA, Michaelides M. Multimorbidity due to novel pathogenic variants in the WFS1/RP1/NOD2 genes: autosomal dominant congenital lamellar cataract, retinitis pigmentosa and Crohn's disease in a British family. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2023; 8:e001252. [PMID: 37493686 PMCID: PMC10351282 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A five generation family has been analysed by whole exome sequencing (WES) for genetic associations with the multimorbidities of congenital cataract (CC), retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS WES was performed for unaffected and affected individuals within the family pedigree followed by bioinformatic analyses of these data to identify disease-causing variants with damaging pathogenicity scores. RESULTS A novel pathogenic missense variant in WFS1: c.1897G>C; p.V633L, a novel pathogenic nonsense variant in RP1: c.6344T>G; p.L2115* and a predicted pathogenic missense variant in NOD2: c.2104C>T; p.R702W are reported. The three variants cosegregated with the phenotypic combinations of autosomal dominant CC, RP and CD within individual family members. CONCLUSIONS Here, we report multimorbidity in a family pedigree listed on a CC register, which broadens the spectrum of potential cataract associated genes to include both RP1 and NOD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanita Berry
- Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK, London, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, EC1V 2PD, UK, London, UK
| | - Alexander Ionides
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, EC1V 2PD, UK, London, UK
| | - Michalis Georgiou
- Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK, London, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, EC1V 2PD, UK, London, UK
| | - Roy A Quinlan
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, Upper Mountjoy Science Site, Durham DH1 3LE, UK, Durham, UK
| | - Michel Michaelides
- Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK, London, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, EC1V 2PD, UK, London, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Quinlan
- Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biosciences, The University of Durham, Upper Mountjoy Science Site, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Frank Giblin
- Biomedical Sciences Emeritus, Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
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