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Han X, Gharahkhani P, Mitchell P, Liew G, Hewitt AW, MacGregor S. Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies novel loci associated with age-related macular degeneration. J Hum Genet 2020; 65:657-665. [PMID: 32277175 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-020-0750-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness among the elderly population. To accelerate the understanding of the genetics of AMD, we conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) combining data from the International AMD Genomics Consortium AMD-2016 GWAS (16,144 advanced AMD cases and 17,832 controls), AMD-2013 GWAS (17,181 cases and 60,074 controls), and new data on 4017 AMD cases and 14,984 controls from Genetic Epidemiology Research on Aging study. We identified 12 novel AMD loci near or within C4BPA-CD55, ZNF385B, ZBTB38, NFKB1, LINC00461, ADAM19, CPN1, ACSL5, CSK, RLBP1, CLUL1, and LBP. We then replicated the associations of the novel loci in independent cohorts, UK Biobank (5860 cases and 126,726 controls) and FinnGen (1266 cases and 47,560 control). In general, the concordance in effect sizes was very high (correlation in effect size estimates 0.89), 11 of 12 novel loci were in the expected direction, 5 were associated with AMD at a nominal significance level, and rs3825991 (near gene RLBP1) after Bonferroni correction. We identified an additional 21 novel genes using a gene-based test. Most of the novel genes are expressed in retinal tissue and could be involved in the pathogenesis of AMD (i.e., complement, inflammation, and lipid pathways). These findings enhance our understanding of the genetic architecture of AMD and shed light on the biological process underlying AMD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xikun Han
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Puya Gharahkhani
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre for Vision Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gerald Liew
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre for Vision Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.,Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Zhu Y, Sousa AMM, Gao T, Skarica M, Li M, Santpere G, Esteller-Cucala P, Juan D, Ferrández-Peral L, Gulden FO, Yang M, Miller DJ, Marques-Bonet T, Imamura Kawasawa Y, Zhao H, Sestan N. Spatiotemporal transcriptomic divergence across human and macaque brain development. Science 2018; 362:eaat8077. [PMID: 30545855 PMCID: PMC6900982 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat8077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human nervous system development is an intricate and protracted process that requires precise spatiotemporal transcriptional regulation. We generated tissue-level and single-cell transcriptomic data from up to 16 brain regions covering prenatal and postnatal rhesus macaque development. Integrative analysis with complementary human data revealed that global intraspecies (ontogenetic) and interspecies (phylogenetic) regional transcriptomic differences exhibit concerted cup-shaped patterns, with a late fetal-to-infancy (perinatal) convergence. Prenatal neocortical transcriptomic patterns revealed transient topographic gradients, whereas postnatal patterns largely reflected functional hierarchy. Genes exhibiting heterotopic and heterochronic divergence included those transiently enriched in the prenatal prefrontal cortex or linked to autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. Our findings shed light on transcriptomic programs underlying the evolution of human brain development and the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - André M M Sousa
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tianliuyun Gao
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mario Skarica
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mingfeng Li
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gabriel Santpere
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - David Juan
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Forrest O Gulden
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mo Yang
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel J Miller
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tomas Marques-Bonet
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Departments of Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nenad Sestan
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Departments of Genetics, Psychiatry, and Comparative Medicine, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, and Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Winkler TW, Brandl C, Grassmann F, Gorski M, Stark K, Loss J, Weber BHF, Heid IM. Investigating the modulation of genetic effects on late AMD by age and sex: Lessons learned and two additional loci. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194321. [PMID: 29529059 PMCID: PMC5846797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-stage age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual impairment in the elderly with a complex etiology. The most important non-modifiable risk factors for onset and progression of late AMD are age and genetic risk factors, however, little is known about the interplay between genetics and age or sex. Here, we conducted a large-scale age- and sex-stratified genome-wide association study (GWAS) using 1000 Genomes imputed genome-wide and ExomeChip data (>12 million variants). The data were established by the International Age-related Macular Degeneration Genomics Consortium (IAMDGC) from 16,144 late AMD cases and 17,832 controls. Our systematic search for interaction effects yielded significantly stronger effects among younger individuals at two known AMD loci (near CFH and ARMS2/HTRA1). Accounting for age and gene-age interaction using a joint test identified two additional AMD loci compared to the previous main effect scan. One of these two is a novel AMD GWAS locus, near the retinal clusterin-like protein (CLUL1) gene, and the other, near the retinaldehyde binding protein 1 (RLBP1), was recently identified in a joint analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial variants. Despite considerable power in our data, neither sex-dependent effects nor effects with opposite directions between younger and older individuals were observed. This is the first genome-wide interaction study to incorporate age, sex and their interaction with genetic effects for late AMD. Results diminish the potential for a role of sex in the etiology of late AMD yet highlight the importance and existence of age-dependent genetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W. Winkler
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Brandl
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Felix Grassmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Gorski
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Stark
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julika Loss
- Medical Sociology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Iris M. Heid
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Mazul AL, Siega-Riz AM, Weinberg CR, Engel SM, Zou F, Carrier KS, Basta PV, Vaksman Z, Maris JM, Diskin SJ, Maxen C, Naranjo A, Olshan AF. A family-based study of gene variants and maternal folate and choline in neuroblastoma: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Cancer Causes Control 2016; 27:1209-18. [PMID: 27541142 PMCID: PMC5025391 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-016-0799-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neuroblastoma is a childhood cancer of the sympathetic nervous system with embryonic origins. Previous epidemiologic studies suggest maternal vitamin supplementation during pregnancy reduces the risk of neuroblastoma. We hypothesized offspring and maternal genetic variants in folate-related and choline-related genes are associated with neuroblastoma and modify the effects of maternal intake of folate, choline, and folic acid. METHODS The Neuroblastoma Epidemiology in North America (NENA) study recruited 563 affected children and their parents through the Children's Oncology Group's Childhood Cancer Research Network. We used questionnaires to ascertain pre-pregnancy supplementation and estimate usual maternal dietary intake of folate, choline, and folic acid. We genotyped 955 genetic variants related to folate or choline using DNA extracted from saliva samples and used a log-linear model to estimate both child and maternal risk ratios and stratum-specific risk ratios for gene-environment interactions. RESULTS Overall, no maternal or offspring genotypic results met criteria for a false discovery rate (FDR) Q-value <0.2. Associations were also null for gene-environment interaction with pre-pregnancy vitamin supplementation, dietary folic acid, and folate. FDR-significant gene-choline interactions were found for offspring SNPs rs10489810 and rs9966612 located in MTHFD1L and TYMS, respectively, with maternal choline dietary intake dichotomized at the first quartile. CONCLUSION These results suggest that variants related to one-carbon metabolism are not strongly associated with neuroblastoma. Choline-related variants may play a role; however, the functional consequences of the interacting variants are unknown and require independent replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L Mazul
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Campus Box 7435, 2106 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA.
| | - Anna Maria Siega-Riz
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Campus Box 7435, 2106 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Clarice R Weinberg
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie M Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Campus Box 7435, 2106 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn S Carrier
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Campus Box 7435, 2106 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA
| | - Patricia V Basta
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Campus Box 7435, 2106 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA
- Biospecimen Processing Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zalman Vaksman
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sharon J Diskin
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charlene Maxen
- Showers Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorder, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Arlene Naranjo
- Department of Biostatistics, Colleges of Medicine and Public Health & Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Campus Box 7435, 2106 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA
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Charnay Y, Imhof A, Vallet PG, Kovari E, Bouras C, Giannakopoulos P. Clusterin in neurological disorders: Molecular perspectives and clinical relevance. Brain Res Bull 2012; 88:434-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Sturgill GM, Bala E, Yaniglos SS, Peachey NS, Hagstrom SA. Mutation screen of beta-crystallin genes in 274 patients with age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmic Genet 2010; 31:129-34. [PMID: 20565250 DOI: 10.3109/13816810.2010.486774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The crystallin family of proteins comprise the main structural proteins of the vertebrate lens and have been classified into alpha-, beta-, and gamma- families. Several of the beta-crystallin proteins have been detected in the retina where they are each localized to different compartments of rod and cone photoreceptors. Functionally, beta-crystallins have been implicated in the protection of the retina from intense light exposure. Two members of the beta-crystallins, CRYBB1 and CRYBB2, have been identified in drusen preparations isolated from the retina of donor eyes of patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness in the elderly population of developed countries. We therefore investigated CRYBB1 and CRYBB2 as candidate genes for AMD in 274 unrelated patients. RESULTS A mutation screen of the entire coding region of the CRYBB1gene uncovered eight sequence variations, including three missense changes, two intronic changes and three isocoding changes. A mutation screen of the entire coding region of the CRYBB2 gene uncovered three sequence variations, one isocoding change and two intronic changes. CONCLUSIONS Although variant alleles of the CRYBB1 and CRYBB2 genes were found, none are considered pathogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwen M Sturgill
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Laabich A, Manmoto CC, Kuksa V, Leung DW, Vissvesvaran GP, Karliga I, Kamat M, Scott IL, Fawzi A, Kubota R. Protective effects of myricetin and related flavonols against A2E and light mediated-cell death in bovine retinal primary cell culture. Exp Eye Res 2007; 85:154-65. [PMID: 17544396 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2007] [Revised: 04/05/2007] [Accepted: 04/06/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study was performed to investigate the effect of flavonols, namely myricetin and structurally related quercetin and kaempferol against A2E and blue light-induced photoreceptors death in primary retinal cell cultures. Primary retinal cell cultures were prepared from bovine retinas. Fourteen-day-old cultures were pretreated with different concentrations of myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol (1-40 microM) for 24 h, then treated with 30 microM of A2E or exposed to blue-actinic light for 20 h. Green nucleic acid stain assay was used to evaluate cell death. Photoreceptor and bipolar cells were immunolabeled with specific antibodies and were counted using automated microscope imaging and image-based cell counting software. Twenty hours exposure to blue light induced approximately 75% death of photoreceptors in bovine retinal cell cultures. Myricetin protected 100% of photoreceptors against blue-light-mediated damage with an EC(50) of 9+/-0.7 microM. Quercetin resulted in a maximum of 15% protection against light damage, and kaempferol was inactive. A2E induced photoreceptor and bipolar cell death in a concentration-dependent manner with EC(50) of 25 microM for photoreceptors and 31 microM for bipolar cells. Myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol protected against A2E-induced photoreceptors and bipolar cells death with EC(50) values of 2+/-0.3 microM, 2+/-0.3 microM, 5+/-0.09 microM and 0.8+/-0.07 microM, 0.44+/-0.06 microM, 1+/-0.4 microM, respectively. Caspase-3 inhibitor (Z-DEVD-fmk) protected 42% photoreceptors and 57% bipolar cells from A2E toxicity. In contrast, this inhibitor had no effect against light-induced photoreceptor damage. Despite the poor activity of quercetin and the inactivity of kaempferol against blue light, myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol exhibited approximately 100% protection against A2E toxicity. This suggests that light- and A2E-induced cell deaths are mediated through different pathways. These results suggest that myricetin functions as potent and effective neuroprotective agent for photoreceptor cells against A2E and light damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aicha Laabich
- Acucela Inc, 21720 23rd Drive SE, Bothell, WA 98021, USA.
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