1
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Berry V, Ponnekanti MB, Pontikos N, Quinlan RA, Michaelides M. A novel frameshift variant in BCOR causes congenital nuclear cataract. Ophthalmic Genet 2024:1-5. [PMID: 38957147 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2024.2373248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BCL6 co-repressor (BCOR) gene variants are involved in oculofaciocardiodental (OFCD) syndrome, acute myeloid leukaemia, renal tumours, and photoreceptor degenerative diseases. Here, we describe a British family with a pathogenic heterozygous variant in the BCOR gene causing congenital nuclear cataract. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing was conducted on an individual affected by X-linked dominant congenital cataract in a three-generation family to establish the underlying genetic basis. Bioinformatics analysis confirmed the variants with damaging pathogenicity scores. RESULTS A novel likely pathogenic frameshift variant BCOR NM_001123385.1: c.3621del; p.Lys1207AsnfsTer31, was identified and found to co-segregate with the disease in this family. CONCLUSIONS This is apparently the first report of a variant in BCOR causing X-linked dominant congenital cataract which is potentially isolated or presenting with a remarkably mild systemic phenotype. Our findings extend the genetic basis for congenital cataract and add to the phenotypic spectrum of BCOR variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanita Berry
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Nikolas Pontikos
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Roy A Quinlan
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, Durham, UK
| | - Michel Michaelides
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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2
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Wen H, Li Q, Mei S, Cai J, Huang X, Zhao J. A novel frameshift mutation in the NHS gene causes Nance-Horan syndrome in a Chinese family. Gene 2024; 907:148268. [PMID: 38350513 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaming Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang'an Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan 538240, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianwen Li
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital, The Affiliated Shenzhen stomatology Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaoyi Mei
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiamin Cai
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaosheng Huang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzen 518020, Guangdong, China.
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3
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Yu X, Zhao Y, Yang Z, Chen X, Kang G. Genetic research on Nance-Horan syndrome caused by a novel mutation in the NHS gene. Gene 2024; 906:148223. [PMID: 38286268 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Yueyue Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Zhenghua Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Gangjing Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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4
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Yener S, Şahin C, Ilce Z. Retrospective Evaluation of Urological Problems in Rare Childhood Syndromes. Cureus 2023; 15:e41577. [PMID: 37554621 PMCID: PMC10406510 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Rare syndromes are defined as diseases that affect a small number of people compared to the general population. In the literature, rare syndromes have variable definitions according to countries. In this study, patients diagnosed with various rare syndromes who were referred to the pediatric urology clinic were examined in terms of associated urological anomalies. Patients and methods In this study, patients who were referred to our outpatient clinic between 2017 and 2022 with a diagnosis of a rare syndrome with or without urological or urogenital findings were retrospectively analyzed. The urinary system ultrasonography and scrotal ultrasonography of the patients were also recorded. Comorbidities, diseases, and surgeries they had undergone were determined through detailed medical history. Results A total of 32 patients were identified. Eleven (35%) of the patients were female and 21 (65%) were male. The average age of the patients was 6.5 years. The syndromes observed in the patients, in order of frequency, were microdeletion syndromes (n = 4), Roberts syndrome (n = 3), and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (n = 2), and a variety of different syndromes were found in the remaining 22 patients. Despite having no symptoms, the second patient was found to have left hydronephrosis, and the third patient was found to have right renal ectopia on their urinary system ultrasound. Pathological findings were observed in 10 (31.2%) patients on their urinary system ultrasound. Conclusion Although only a small portion of these findings require surgery, the presence of urological anomalies should be investigated. Therefore, we recommend urological evaluation for all patients with rare syndromes, regardless of whether they have symptoms or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevim Yener
- Department of Pediatric Urology, University of Health Sciences, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, TUR
| | - Ceyhan Şahin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, TUR
| | - Zekeriya Ilce
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, TUR
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5
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Abstract
PURPOSE To review information pertaining to secondary glaucoma following infant lensectomy and provide evidence to support the mechanism responsible for this condition. METHODS Reported risk factors and proposed mechanisms for infantile aphakic glaucoma are reviewed. Laboratory studies and clinical observations in affected patients with glaucoma are described. Evidence of postoperative anterior chamber fibrosis is reviewed and interpreted. RESULTS Clinical evidence demonstrated the development of anterior chamber fibrosis following infant cataract surgery. Laboratory studies showed liberated lens epithelial cell transition to fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS The review and assessment of laboratory and clinical evidence support the proposal that infantile aphakic glaucoma is caused, in part, by postoperative anterior chamber fibroization related to lens cell dispersion, cytokine activation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition with resultant filtration angle fibrosis and secondary loss of filtration function. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2022;59(4):236-242.].
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6
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Walton DS, Yeung HH. Glaucoma following Infant Lensectomy: 2021 Update. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2021; 238:1065-1068. [PMID: 34535026 DOI: 10.1055/a-1554-5398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review information pertaining to glaucoma following infant lensectomy surgery and to provide evidence to support the responsible mechanism of this condition. METHODS AND RESULTS Described risk factors and proposed mechanisms for infantile aphakic glaucoma were assessed. The clinical evidence observed in affected glaucoma patients was analyzed, and evidence of postoperative anterior chamber fibrosis was reviewed and interpreted. CONCLUSION The review and assessment of laboratory and clinical evidence support the proposal that infantile aphakic glaucoma is caused, in part, by postoperative anterior chamber fibroization related to lens cell dispersion and active epithelial-mesenchymal transition with resultant filtration angle tissue injury and loss of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Walton
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Helen H Yeung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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7
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Prominent and Regressive Brain Developmental Disorders Associated with Nance-Horan Syndrome. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091150. [PMID: 34573171 PMCID: PMC8465299 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nance-Horan syndrome (NHS) is a rare X-linked developmental disorder caused mainly by loss of function variants in the NHS gene. NHS is characterized by congenital cataracts, dental anomalies, and distinctive facial features, and a proportion of the affected individuals also present intellectual disability and congenital cardiopathies. Despite identification of at least 40 distinct hemizygous variants leading to NHS, genotype-phenotype correlations remain largely elusive. In this study, we describe a Sicilian family affected with congenital cataracts and dental anomalies and diagnosed with NHS by whole-exome sequencing (WES). The affected boy from this family presented a late regression of cognitive, motor, language, and adaptive skills, as well as broad behavioral anomalies. Furthermore, brain imaging showed corpus callosum anomalies and periventricular leukoencephalopathy. We expand the phenotypic and mutational NHS spectrum and review potential disease mechanisms underlying the central neurological anomalies and the potential neurodevelopmental features associated with NHS.
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8
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Rechsteiner D, Issler L, Koller S, Lang E, Bähr L, Feil S, Rüegger CM, Kottke R, Toelle SP, Zweifel N, Steindl K, Joset P, Zweier M, Suter AA, Gogoll L, Haas C, Berger W, Gerth-Kahlert C. Genetic Analysis in a Swiss Cohort of Bilateral Congenital Cataract. JAMA Ophthalmol 2021; 139:691-700. [PMID: 34014271 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2021.0385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Importance Identification of geographic population-based differences in genotype and phenotype heterogeneity are important for targeted and patient-specific diagnosis and treatment, counseling, and screening strategies. Objective To report disease-causing variants and their detailed phenotype in patients with bilateral congenital cataract from a single center in Switzerland and thereby draw a genetic map and perform a genotype-phenotype comparison of this cohort. Design, Setting, and Participants This clinical and molecular-genetic cohort study took place through the collaboration of the Department of Ophthalmology at the University Hospital Zurich and the Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland. Thirty-seven patients from 25 families with different types of bilateral congenital cataract were included. All participating family members received a comprehensive eye examination. Whole exome sequencing was performed in the index patients, followed by a filtering process to detect possible disease-associated variants in genes previously described in association with congenital cataract. Probable disease-causing variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing in available family members. All data were collected from January 2018 to June 2020, and the molecular-genetic analyses were performed from January 2019 to July 2020. Main Outcomes and Measures Identification of the underlying genetic causes of bilateral congenital cataract, including novel disease-causing variants and phenotype correlation. Results Among the 37 patients (18 [49%] male and 19 [51%] female; mean [SD] age, 17.3 [15.9] years) from 25 families, pathogenic variants were detected in 20 families (80% detection rate), which included 13 novel variants in the following genes: BCOR, COL4A1, CRYBA2, CRYBB2, CRYGC, CRYGS, GJA3, MAF, NHS, and WFS1. Putative disease-causing variants were identified in 14 of 20 families (70%) as isolated cases and in 6 of 20 families (30%) with syndromic cases. A recessive variant in the CRYBB2 gene in a consanguineous family with 2 affected siblings showing a nuclear and sutural cataract was reported in contrast to previously published reports. In addition, the effect on splicing in a minigene assay of a novel splice site variant in the NHS gene (c.[719-2A>G]) supported the pathogenicity of this variant. Conclusions and Relevance This study emphasizes the importance of genetic testing of congenital cataracts. Known dominant genes need to be considered for recessive inheritance patterns. Syndromic types of cataract may be underdiagnosed in patients with mild systemic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Rechsteiner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Lydia Issler
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Koller
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Elena Lang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Luzy Bähr
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Silke Feil
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christoph M Rüegger
- Newborn Research, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raimund Kottke
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra P Toelle
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Noëmi Zweifel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Steindl
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Joset
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Zweier
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aude-Annick Suter
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Gogoll
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cordula Haas
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christina Gerth-Kahlert
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Wei M, Qi A, Mo H, Wu K, Ma X, Wang B. A novel NHS mutation in a Chinese family with Nance‑Horan Syndrome. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:4419-4424. [PMID: 30942463 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nance‑Horan syndrome (NHS) is a rare X‑linked disorder with various clinical manifestations. The present study aimed to identify the pathogenic mutation causing NHS in a three‑generation Chinese family with 4 individuals presenting primarily with congenital cataracts. The genomic DNA of 5 individuals was collected, and family history and clinical information were recorded. Whole exome sequencing was performed on the proband, and candidate mutations were filtered by a series of screening processes and validated by Sanger sequencing. The identified pathogenic mutation was confirmed by co‑segregation analysis. Finally, a novel frameshift mutation (NM_001291867.1: c.302dupA; p.Ala102fs) was identified in the NHS actin remodeling regulator (NHS) gene, which co‑segregated with congenital cataracts in this family. Carrier females exhibited similar but milder clinical symptoms compared with the affected male. These clinical symptoms were consistent with the phenotypic features of the NHS‑associated disease, NHS. In summary, the present study identified a novel NHS mutation in a Chinese family with atypical NHS; the results broaden the known pathogenic mutation spectrum of NHS and will aid in the genetic counseling of patients with NHS. The data from the present study also suggest that genetic analysis may be required for the diagnosis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Liuzhou Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545001, P.R. China
| | - Anhui Qi
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Haiming Mo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Liuzhou Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545001, P.R. China
| | - Kailin Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Liuzhou Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545001, P.R. China
| | - Xu Ma
- Center for Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
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10
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A novel small deletion in the NHS gene associated with Nance-Horan syndrome. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2398. [PMID: 29402928 PMCID: PMC5799206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20787-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nance-Horan syndrome is a rare X-linked recessive inherited disease with clinical features including severe bilateral congenital cataracts, characteristic facial and dental abnormalities. Data from Chinese Nance-Horan syndrome patients are limited. We assessed the clinical manifestations of a Chinese Nance-Horan syndrome pedigree and identified the genetic defect. Genetic analysis showed that 3 affected males carried a novel small deletion in NHS gene, c.263_266delCGTC (p.Ala89TrpfsTer106), and 2 female carriers were heterozygous for the same variant. All 3 affected males presented with typical Nance-Horan syndrome features. One female carrier displayed lens opacities centered on the posterior Y-suture in both eyes, as well as mild dental abnormalities. We recorded the clinical features of a Chinese Nance-Horan syndrome family and broadened the spectrum of mutations in the NHS gene.
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11
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Prognostic importance of congenital cataract morphology: A case report. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.350928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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12
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Abstract
Pediatric cataract is a leading cause of childhood blindness. Untreated cataracts in children lead to tremendous social, economical, and emotional burden to the child, family, and society. Blindness related to pediatric cataract can be treated with early identification and appropriate management. Most cases are diagnosed on routine screening whereas some may be diagnosed after the parents have noticed leukocoria or strabismus. Etiology of pediatric cataract is varied and diagnosis of specific etiology aids in prognostication and effective management. Pediatric cataract surgery has evolved over years, and with improving knowledge of myopic shift and axial length growth, outcomes of these patients have become more predictable. Favorable outcomes depend not only on effective surgery, but also on meticulous postoperative care and visual rehabilitation. Hence, it is the combined effort of parents, surgeons, anesthesiologists, pediatricians, and optometrists that can make all the difference.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ganesh Pillay
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Chirakshi Dhull
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Esha Agarwal
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Mahabir
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Pulak Aggarwal
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
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13
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Accogli A, Traverso M, Madia F, Bellini T, Vari MS, Pinto F, Capra V. A novel Xp22.13 microdeletion in Nance-Horan syndrome. Birth Defects Res 2017; 109:866-868. [PMID: 28464487 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nance-Horan syndrome (NHS) is a rare X-linked developmental disorder characterized by congenital cataract, dental anomalies and facial dysmorphisms. Notably, up to 30% of NHS patients have intellectual disability and a few patients have been reported to have congenital cardiac defects. Nance-Horan syndrome is caused by mutations in the NHS gene that is highly expressed in the midbrain, retina, lens, tooth, and is conserved across vertebrate species. Although most pathogenic mutations are nonsense mutations, a few genomic rearrangements involving NHS locus have been reported, suggesting a possible pathogenic role of the flanking genes. METHODS Here, we report a microdeletion of 170,6 Kb at Xp22.13 (17.733.948-17.904.576) (GRCh37/hg19), detected by array-based comparative genomic hybridization in an Italian boy with NHS syndrome. RESULTS The microdeletion harbors the NHS, SCLML1, and RAI2 genes and results in a phenotype consistent with NSH syndrome and developmental delay. CONCLUSION We compare our case with the previous Xp22.13 microdeletions and discuss the possible pathogenetic role of the flanking genes. Birth Defects Research 109:866-868, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Accogli
- Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Genova, Italy
| | - Monica Traverso
- Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Genova, Italy
| | | | - Tommaso Bellini
- Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Genova, Italy
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14
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Gjørup H, Haubek D, Jacobsen P, Ostergaard JR. Nance-Horan syndrome-The oral perspective on a rare disease. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 173:88-98. [PMID: 27616609 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes seven patients with Nance-Horan syndrome, all referred to a specialized oral care unit in the Central Denmark Region. A literature search on "Nance Horan Syndrome" resulted in 53 publications among which 29 reported on dental findings. Findings reported in these papers have been systematized to obtain an overview of the reported findings and the terminology on dental morphology. All seven patients included in the present study showed deviations of crown morphology on incisors and/or molars. The only consistent and very clear dental aberration was alterations in the tooth morphology that is screwdriver-shaped incisors and bud molars being most pronounced in the permanent dentition, but were also present in the primary dentition. In addition, three patients had supernumerary teeth, and three had dental agenesis. In conclusion, a dental examination as a part of the diagnostic process may reveal distinct characteristics of the dental morphology, which could be of diagnostic value and facilitate an early diagnosis. In the description of molar morphology in NHS patients, it is recommended to use the term "bud molar." The combination of congenital cataract, screwdriwer-shaped incisors and bud-shaped molars is a strong clinical indication of Nance-Horan syndrome. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Gjørup
- Section of Oral Health in Rare Diseases, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dorte Haubek
- Section for Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pernille Jacobsen
- Department of Specialized Oral Health Care, Viborg Regional Hospital, Central Jutland, Viborg, Denmark
| | - John R Ostergaard
- Center for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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15
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Ma AS, Grigg JR, Ho G, Prokudin I, Farnsworth E, Holman K, Cheng A, Billson FA, Martin F, Fraser C, Mowat D, Smith J, Christodoulou J, Flaherty M, Bennetts B, Jamieson RV. Sporadic and Familial Congenital Cataracts: Mutational Spectrum and New Diagnoses Using Next-Generation Sequencing. Hum Mutat 2016; 37:371-84. [PMID: 26694549 PMCID: PMC4787201 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Congenital cataracts are a significant cause of lifelong visual loss. They may be isolated or associated with microcornea, microphthalmia, anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD) and glaucoma, and there can be syndromic associations. Genetic diagnosis is challenging due to marked genetic heterogeneity. In this study, next-generation sequencing (NGS) of 32 cataract-associated genes was undertaken in 46 apparently nonsyndromic congenital cataract probands, around half sporadic and half familial cases. We identified pathogenic variants in 70% of cases, and over 68% of these were novel. In almost two-thirds (20/33) of these cases, this resulted in new information about the diagnosis and/or inheritance pattern. This included identification of: new syndromic diagnoses due to NHS or BCOR mutations; complex ocular phenotypes due to PAX6 mutations; de novo autosomal-dominant or X-linked mutations in sporadic cases; and mutations in two separate cataract genes in one family. Variants were found in the crystallin and gap junction genes, including the first report of severe microphthalmia and sclerocornea associated with a novel GJA8 mutation. Mutations were also found in rarely reported genes including MAF, VIM, MIP, and BFSP1. Targeted NGS in presumed nonsyndromic congenital cataract patients provided significant diagnostic information in both familial and sporadic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan S. Ma
- Eye Genetics ResearchThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSave Sight InstituteChildren's Medical Research InstituteUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Clinical GeneticsThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Western Sydney Genetics ProgramThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Healthand Discipline of Genetic MedicineSydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - John R. Grigg
- Eye Genetics ResearchThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSave Sight InstituteChildren's Medical Research InstituteUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of OphthalmologyThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Discipline of OphthalmologySydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Gladys Ho
- Western Sydney Genetics ProgramThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Molecular GeneticsThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Ivan Prokudin
- Eye Genetics ResearchThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSave Sight InstituteChildren's Medical Research InstituteUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Elizabeth Farnsworth
- Western Sydney Genetics ProgramThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Molecular GeneticsThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Katherine Holman
- Western Sydney Genetics ProgramThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Molecular GeneticsThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Anson Cheng
- Eye Genetics ResearchThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSave Sight InstituteChildren's Medical Research InstituteUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Frank A. Billson
- Eye Genetics ResearchThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSave Sight InstituteChildren's Medical Research InstituteUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of OphthalmologyThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Discipline of OphthalmologySydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Frank Martin
- Department of OphthalmologyThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Discipline of OphthalmologySydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Clare Fraser
- Discipline of OphthalmologySydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - David Mowat
- Department of Medical GeneticsSydney Children's HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - James Smith
- Department of OphthalmologyThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - John Christodoulou
- Western Sydney Genetics ProgramThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Healthand Discipline of Genetic MedicineSydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Maree Flaherty
- Eye Genetics ResearchThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSave Sight InstituteChildren's Medical Research InstituteUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of OphthalmologyThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Discipline of OphthalmologySydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Bruce Bennetts
- Western Sydney Genetics ProgramThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Healthand Discipline of Genetic MedicineSydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Molecular GeneticsThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Robyn V. Jamieson
- Eye Genetics ResearchThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSave Sight InstituteChildren's Medical Research InstituteUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Clinical GeneticsThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Western Sydney Genetics ProgramThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Healthand Discipline of Genetic MedicineSydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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16
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Abstract
Cataract is a significant cause of visual disability in the pediatric population worldwide and can significantly impact the neurobiological development of a child. Early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention is critical to prevent irreversible amblyopia. Thorough ocular evaluation, including the onset, duration, and morphology of a cataract, is essential to determine the timing for surgical intervention. Detailed assessment of the general health of the child, preferably in conjunction with a pediatrician, is helpful to rule out any associated systemic condition. Although pediatric cataracts have a diverse etiology, with the majority being idiopathic, genetic counseling and molecular testing should be undertaken with the help of a genetic counselor and/or geneticist in cases of hereditary cataracts. Advancement in surgical techniques and methods of optical rehabilitation has substantially improved the functional and anatomic outcomes of pediatric cataract surgeries in recent years. However, the phenomenon of refractive growth and the process of emmetropization have continued to puzzle pediatric ophthalmologists and highlight the need for future prospective studies. Posterior capsule opacification and secondary glaucoma are still the major postoperative complications necessitating long-term surveillance in children undergoing cataract surgery early in life. Successful management of pediatric cataracts depends on individualized care and experienced teamwork. We reviewed the etiology, preoperative evaluation including biometry, choice of intraocular lens, surgical techniques, and recent developments in the field of childhood cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anagha Medsinge
- Pediatric Ophthalmology, Strabismus, and Adult Motility, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, USA ; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ken K Nischal
- Pediatric Ophthalmology, Strabismus, and Adult Motility, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, USA ; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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17
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Hong N, Chen YH, Xie C, Xu BS, Huang H, Li X, Yang YQ, Huang YP, Deng JL, Qi M, Gu YS. Identification of a novel mutation in a Chinese family with Nance-Horan syndrome by whole exome sequencing. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2014; 15:727-34. [PMID: 25091991 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1300321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nance-Horan syndrome (NHS) is a rare X-linked disorder characterized by congenital nuclear cataracts, dental anomalies, and craniofacial dysmorphisms. Mental retardation was present in about 30% of the reported cases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic and clinical features of NHS in a Chinese family. METHODS Whole exome sequencing analysis was performed on DNA from an affected male to scan for candidate mutations on the X-chromosome. Sanger sequencing was used to verify these candidate mutations in the whole family. Clinical and ophthalmological examinations were performed on all members of the family. RESULTS A combination of exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing revealed a nonsense mutation c.322G>T (E108X) in exon 1 of NHS gene, co-segregating with the disease in the family. The nonsense mutation led to the conversion of glutamic acid to a stop codon (E108X), resulting in truncation of the NHS protein. Multiple sequence alignments showed that codon 108, where the mutation (c.322G>T) occurred, was located within a phylogenetically conserved region. The clinical features in all affected males and female carriers are described in detail. CONCLUSIONS We report a nonsense mutation c.322G>T (E108X) in a Chinese family with NHS. Our findings broaden the spectrum of NHS mutations and provide molecular insight into future NHS clinical genetic diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Functional Genomics Center, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, West Henrietta, NY 14586, USA
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18
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Tug E, Dilek NF, Javadiyan S, Burdon KP, Percin FE. A Turkish family with Nance-Horan Syndrome due to a novel mutation. Gene 2013; 525:141-5. [PMID: 23566852 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.03.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nance-Horan Syndrome (NHS) is a rare X-linked syndrome characterized by congenital cataract which leads to profound vision loss, characteristic dysmorphic features and specific dental anomalies. Microcornea, microphthalmia and mild or moderate mental retardation may accompany these features. Heterozygous females often manifest similarly but with less severe features than affected males. We describe two brothers who have the NHS phenotype and their carrier mother who had microcornea but not cataract. We identified a previously unreported frameshift mutation (c.558insA) in exon 1 of the NHS gene in these patients and their mother which is predicted to result in the incorporation of 11 aberrant amino acids prior to a stop codon (p.E186Efs11X). We also discussed genotype-phenotype correlation according to relevant literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Tug
- Department of Medical Genetics, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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19
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to outline those systemic disorders with associated cataracts to help in the evaluation and diagnosis of the patient with pediatric cataract who has systemic abnormalities. RECENT FINDINGS With the profound advancement in genetics, both making and confirming a diagnosis in rare syndromic disorders have become even more possible. By diagnosing a syndromic cataract, the patient and family members are afforded the opportunity to obtain a better understanding of their disorder as well as develop expectations as to the course of their child's disorder. SUMMARY The intent of this article is to act as a resource for helping to determine the cause of cataracts based on the lens appearance, age of onset and systemic findings. Children with cataracts, especially when bilateral, require a comprehensive history and ophthalmic examination with physician awareness toward other organ system involvement. A basic assessment of facial, skeletal, genitourinary, gastrointestinal and integumentary abnormalities is beneficial. In this review, there are numerous tables that are to act as a resource in developing a differential diagnosis and guide further systemic and genetic evaluation.
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20
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The first missense mutation of NHS gene in a Tunisian family with clinical features of NHS syndrome including cardiac anomaly. Eur J Hum Genet 2011; 19:851-6. [PMID: 21559051 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2011.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Nance-Horan Syndrome (NHS) or X-linked cataract-dental syndrome is a disease of unknown gene action mechanism, characterized by congenital cataract, dental anomalies, dysmorphic features and, in some cases, mental retardation. We performed linkage analysis in a Tunisian family with NHS in which affected males and obligate carrier female share a common haplotype in the Xp22.32-p11.21 region that contains the NHS gene. Direct sequencing of NHS coding exons and flanking intronic sequences allowed us to identify the first missense mutation (P551S) and a reported SNP-polymorphism (L1319F) in exon 6, a reported UTR-SNP (c.7422 C>T) and a novel one (c.8239 T>A) in exon 8. Both variations P551S and c.8239 T>A segregate with NHS phenotype in this family. Although truncations, frame-shift and copy number variants have been reported in this gene, no missense mutations have been found to segregate previously. This is the first report of a missense NHS mutation causing NHS phenotype (including cardiac defects). We hypothesize also that the non-reported UTR-SNP of the exon 8 (3'-UTR) is specific to the Tunisian population.
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