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Jeltsch BM, Sarraf D, Madjdpour D, Hanson JVM, Pfiffner FK, Koller S, Berger W, Barthelmes D, Al-Sheikh M. RAPID ONSET HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE TOXICITY. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2024; 18:351-354. [PMID: 36857194 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0000000000001393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) can cause irreversible damage to the retina, especially when taken over longer periods. The American Academy of Ophthalmology recommends a regimen for dosing, screening, and monitoring of patients treated with HCQ. We present an unusual case of a rapid development of severe HCQ-associated retinopathy already after 2 years after commencing HCQ treatment. METHODS Observational case report. Clinical examination, optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence imaging, perimetry, and full-field and multifocal electroretinography were performed. Ancillary tests included neoplastic and paraneoplastic work-up, vitamin levels, and whole-exome sequencing, to rule out other potential causes of a panretinal degeneration. RESULTS We report on a 58-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis, treated initially with 200 mg HCQ daily for 1 year (daily dose 3.6 mg/kg), then 400 mg daily for 1 year (daily dose 7.2 mg/kg), and a cumulative dose of 216 g. Her medical history was otherwise unremarkable. No family history for inherited retinal conditions. She was referred due to a rapid and sudden progressive and severe concentric visual field constriction, 2 years after commencing HCQ treatment. CONCLUSION This case of a rapid-onset, severe panretinal degeneration shortly after start of HCQ treatment suggests underlying mechanisms and risk factors for HCQ toxicity in addition to those previously reported and a potential need for supplementary screening tests to prevent HCQ toxicity. American Academy of Ophthalmology dosing guidelines of 5 mg/kg should be strictly adhered to in patients receiving HCQ therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brida M Jeltsch
- University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David Sarraf
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Stein Eye Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - James V M Hanson
- University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fatma K Pfiffner
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; and
| | - Samuel Koller
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; and
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; and
| | - Daniel Barthelmes
- University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Sydney Medical School, Discipline of Ophthalmology, Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mayss Al-Sheikh
- University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Spindler J, Koller S, Graf U, Berger W, Gerth-Kahlert C, Blaser F. Macular Corneal Dystrophy - Molecular Genetics as the Key in Treatment-Refractory Keratopathy. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2024; 241:398-401. [PMID: 38653268 DOI: 10.1055/a-2219-8288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Spindler
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Koller
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Urs Graf
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Aktuelle Adresse: Labordiagnostic St. Gallen West AG, 9015 St. Gallen
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zentrum für Neurowissenschaften (ZNZ), University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Frank Blaser
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Delas F, Koller S, Feil S, Dacheva I, Gerth-Kahlert C, Berger W. Novel CRYGC Mutation in Conserved Ultraviolet-Protective Tryptophan (p.Trp131Arg) Is Linked to Autosomal Dominant Congenital Cataract. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16594. [PMID: 38068917 PMCID: PMC10706789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital cataract (CC), the most prevalent cause of childhood blindness and amblyopia, necessitates prompt and precise genetic diagnosis. The objective of this study is to identify the underlying genetic cause in a Swiss patient with isolated CC. Whole exome sequencing (WES) and copy number variation (CNV) analysis were conducted for variant identification in a patient born with a total binocular CC without a family history of CC. Sanger Sequencing was used to confirm the variant and segregation analysis was used to screen the non-affected parents. The first de novo missense mutation at c.391T>C was identified in exon 3 of CRYGC on chromosome 2 causing the substitution of a highly conserved Tryptophan to an Arginine located at p.Trp131Arg. Previous studies exhibit significant changes in the tertiary structure of the crystallin family in the following variant locus, making CRYGC prone to aggregation aggravated by photodamage resulting in cataract. The variant can be classified as pathogenic according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) criteria (PP3 + PM1 + PM2 + PS2; scoring 10 points). The identification of this novel variant expands the existing knowledge on the range of variants found in the CRYGC gene and contributes to a better comprehension of cataract heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Delas
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (F.D.); (S.K.); (S.F.)
| | - Samuel Koller
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (F.D.); (S.K.); (S.F.)
| | - Silke Feil
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (F.D.); (S.K.); (S.F.)
| | - Ivanka Dacheva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cantonal Hospital of St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland;
| | | | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (F.D.); (S.K.); (S.F.)
- Neuroscience Center Zürich (ZNZ), University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
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Pauzuolyte V, Patel A, Wawrzynski JR, Ingham NJ, Leong YC, Karda R, Bitner‐Glindzicz M, Berger W, Waddington SN, Steel KP, Sowden JC. Systemic gene therapy rescues retinal dysfunction and hearing loss in a model of Norrie disease. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e17393. [PMID: 37642150 PMCID: PMC10565640 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202317393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Deafness affects 5% of the world's population, yet there is a lack of treatments to prevent hearing loss due to genetic causes. Norrie disease is a recessive X-linked disorder, caused by NDP gene mutation. It manifests as blindness at birth and progressive sensorineural hearing loss, leading to debilitating dual sensory deprivation. To develop a gene therapy, we used a Norrie disease mouse model (Ndptm1Wbrg ), which recapitulates abnormal retinal vascularisation and progressive hearing loss. We delivered human NDP cDNA by intravenous injection of adeno-associated viral vector (AAV)9 at neonatal, juvenile and young adult pathological stages and investigated its therapeutic effects on the retina and cochlea. Neonatal treatment prevented the death of the sensory cochlear hair cells and rescued cochlear disease biomarkers as demonstrated by RNAseq and physiological measurements of auditory function. Retinal vascularisation and electroretinograms were restored to normal by neonatal treatment. Delivery of NDP gene therapy after the onset of the degenerative inner ear disease also ameliorated the cochlear pathology, supporting the feasibility of a clinical treatment for progressive hearing loss in people with Norrie disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valda Pauzuolyte
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College LondonLondonUK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research CentreLondonUK
| | - Aara Patel
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College LondonLondonUK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research CentreLondonUK
| | - James R Wawrzynski
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College LondonLondonUK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research CentreLondonUK
| | - Neil J Ingham
- Wolfson Centre for Age‐Related Diseases, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Yeh Chwan Leong
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College LondonLondonUK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research CentreLondonUK
| | - Rajvinder Karda
- EGA Institute for Woman's Health, University College LondonLondonUK
| | - Maria Bitner‐Glindzicz
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College LondonLondonUK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research CentreLondonUK
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, University of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Simon N Waddington
- EGA Institute for Woman's Health, University College LondonLondonUK
- MRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitswatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Karen P Steel
- Wolfson Centre for Age‐Related Diseases, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jane C Sowden
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College LondonLondonUK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research CentreLondonUK
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Koller S, Beltraminelli T, Maggi J, Wlodarczyk A, Feil S, Baehr L, Gerth-Kahlert C, Menghini M, Berger W. Functional Analysis of a Novel, Non-Canonical RPGR Splice Variant Causing X-Linked Retinitis Pigmentosa. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040934. [PMID: 37107692 PMCID: PMC10137330 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) caused by mutations in the RPGR gene is one of the most severe forms of RP due to its early onset and intractable progression. Most cases have been associated with genetic variants within the purine-rich exon ORF15 region of this gene. RPGR retinal gene therapy is currently being investigated in several clinical trials. Therefore, it is crucial to report and functionally characterize (all novel) potentially pathogenic DNA sequence variants. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed for the index patient. The splicing effects of a non-canonical splice variant were tested on cDNA from whole blood and a minigene assay. WES revealed a rare, non-canonical splice site variant predicted to disrupt the wildtype splice acceptor and create a novel acceptor site 8 nucleotides upstream of RPGR exon 12. Reverse-transcription PCR analyses confirmed the disruption of the correct splicing pattern, leading to the insertion of eight additional nucleotides in the variant transcript. Transcript analyses with minigene assays and cDNA from peripheral blood are useful tools for the characterization of splicing defects due to variants in the RPGR and may increase the diagnostic yield in RP. The functional analysis of non-canonical splice variants is required to classify those variants as pathogenic according to the ACMG's criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Koller
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Tim Beltraminelli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), 6962 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Jordi Maggi
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Agnès Wlodarczyk
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Silke Feil
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Luzy Baehr
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christina Gerth-Kahlert
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Moreno Menghini
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), 6962 Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University and ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Stafki SA, Turner J, Littel HR, Bruels CC, Truong D, Knirsch U, Stettner GM, Graf U, Berger W, Kinali M, Jungbluth H, Pacak CA, Hughes J, Mirchi A, Derksen A, Vincent-Delorme C, Theil AF, Bernard G, Ellis D, Fassihi H, Lehmann AR, Laugel V, Mohammed S, Kang PB. The Spectrum of MORC2-Related Disorders: A Potential Link to Cockayne Syndrome. Pediatr Neurol 2023; 141:79-86. [PMID: 36791574 PMCID: PMC10098370 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a DNA repair disorder primarily associated with pathogenic variants in ERCC6 and ERCC8. As in other Mendelian disorders, there are a number of genetically unsolved CS cases. METHODS We ascertained five individuals with monoallelic pathogenic variants in MORC2, previously associated with three dominantly inherited phenotypes: an axonal form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2Z; a syndrome of developmental delay, impaired growth, dysmorphic facies, and axonal neuropathy; and a rare form of spinal muscular atrophy. RESULTS One of these individuals bore a strong phenotypic resemblance to CS. We then identified monoallelic pathogenic MORC2 variants in three of five genetically unsolved individuals with a clinical diagnosis of CS. In total, we identified eight individuals with MORC2-related disorder, four of whom had clinical features strongly suggestive of CS. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that some forms of MORC2-related disorder have phenotypic similarities to CS, including features of accelerated aging. Unlike classic DNA repair disorders, MORC2-related disorder does not appear to be associated with a defect in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair and follows a dominant pattern of inheritance with variants typically arising de novo. Such de novo pathogenic variants present particular challenges with regard to both initial gene discovery and diagnostic evaluations. MORC2 should be included in diagnostic genetic test panels targeting the evaluation of microcephaly and/or suspected DNA repair disorders. Future studies of MORC2 and its protein product, coupled with further phenotypic characterization, will help to optimize the diagnosis, understanding, and therapy of the associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth A Stafki
- Department of Neurology and Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Johnnie Turner
- Department of Neurology and Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Hannah R Littel
- Department of Neurology and Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Christine C Bruels
- Department of Neurology and Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Don Truong
- Department of Neurology and Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ursula Knirsch
- Neuromuscular Center Zürich and Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Georg M Stettner
- Neuromuscular Center Zürich and Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Urs Graf
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics (IMMG), University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics (IMMG), University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich (NCZ), University and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Kinali
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London and Portland Hospital HCA International, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heinz Jungbluth
- Evelina Children's Hospital and King's College London, University of Manchester, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christina A Pacak
- Department of Neurology and Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jayne Hughes
- Amy and Friends Cockayne Syndrome/Trichothiodystrophy Support, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - Amytice Mirchi
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexa Derksen
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Arjan F Theil
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geneviève Bernard
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department Specialized Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - David Ellis
- South East Genomics Laboratory Hub, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hiva Fassihi
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Rare Disease Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan R Lehmann
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Laugel
- Service de Pédiatrie 1, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Laboratoire de Génétique médicale, INSERM U1112, Institut de génétique médicale d'Alsace, Faculté de Médecine de Strasbourg, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Shehla Mohammed
- South East Thames Regional Genetics Service and Rare Diseases Centre Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter B Kang
- Department of Neurology and Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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de Bruijn SE, Rodenburg K, Corominas J, Ben-Yosef T, Reurink J, Kremer H, Whelan L, Plomp AS, Berger W, Farrar GJ, Ferenc Kovács Á, Fajardy I, Hitti-Malin RJ, Weisschuh N, Weener ME, Sharon D, Pennings RJE, Haer-Wigman L, Hoyng CB, Nelen MR, Vissers LELM, van den Born LI, Gilissen C, Cremers FPM, Hoischen A, Neveling K, Roosing S. Optical genome mapping and revisiting short-read genome sequencing data reveal previously overlooked structural variants disrupting retinal disease-associated genes. Genet Med 2023; 25:100345. [PMID: 36524988 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Structural variants (SVs) play an important role in inherited retinal diseases (IRD). Although the identification of SVs significantly improved upon the availability of genome sequencing, it is expected that involvement of SVs in IRDs is higher than anticipated. We revisited short-read genome sequencing data to enhance the identification of gene-disruptive SVs. METHODS Optical genome mapping was performed to improve SV detection in short-read genome sequencing-negative cases. In addition, reanalysis of short-read genome sequencing data was performed to improve the interpretation of SVs and to re-establish SV prioritization criteria. RESULTS In a monoallelic USH2A case, optical genome mapping identified a pericentric inversion (173 megabase), with 1 breakpoint disrupting USH2A. Retrospectively, the variant could be observed in genome sequencing data but was previously deemed false positive. Reanalysis of short-read genome sequencing data (427 IRD cases) was performed which yielded 30 pathogenic SVs affecting, among other genes, USH2A (n = 15), PRPF31 (n = 3), and EYS (n = 2). Eight of these (>25%) were overlooked during previous analyses. CONCLUSION Critical evaluation of our findings allowed us to re-establish and improve our SV prioritization and interpretation guidelines, which will prevent missing pathogenic events in future analyses. Our data suggest that more attention should be paid to SV interpretation and the current contribution of SVs in IRDs is still underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne E de Bruijn
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Kim Rodenburg
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jordi Corominas
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tamar Ben-Yosef
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Janine Reurink
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hannie Kremer
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Hearing and Genes, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Whelan
- The School of Genetics and Microbiology, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Astrid S Plomp
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G Jane Farrar
- The School of Genetics and Microbiology, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Árpád Ferenc Kovács
- 2nd Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Isabelle Fajardy
- Division of Maternal Malnutrition, Department of Perinatal Environment and Health, Lille University, Lille, France; Division Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biology and Pathology Center, Lille, France
| | - Rebekkah J Hitti-Malin
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Weisschuh
- Center for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Dror Sharon
- Division of Ophthalmology, Hadassah University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ronald J E Pennings
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Hearing and Genes, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lonneke Haer-Wigman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carel B Hoyng
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel R Nelen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisenka E L M Vissers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Christian Gilissen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans P M Cremers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Hoischen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kornelia Neveling
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne Roosing
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Neumayer K, Kastler L, Laaber M, Roschger C, Lenz S, Lötsch-Gojo D, Berger W, Gruber A, Spiegl-Kreinecker S. P18.06.B ETS-Transcription Factor inhibitors are effective in TERT promoter mutated meningioma cells in vitro. Neuro Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac174.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
TERT promoter mutations in meningiomas were recently found to be strongly prognostic and associated with malignant progression and risk of recurrence. As result, the mutation in the TERT promoter generates a binding site for E twenty-six (ETS) transcription factors. Consequently, ETS-transcription factor inhibition might represent a novel strategy to impede meningioma growth. In a prior study we could demonstrate effectiveness of the ETS-transcription factor inhibitor YK-4-279 in TERT promoter mutant meningiomas. Recently, TK216 the clinical derivative of YK-4-279 was developed. Therefore, we aimed to clarify whether TK216 might have an increased effect as compared to YK-4-279 in TERT promoter mutated meningioma cells in vitro.
Methods
A meningioma-derived cell line (BTL695) generated from a TERT promoter mutated (C228T) anaplastic meningioma served as cell model for the experiments. BTL695 was characterized by high telomerase activity and TERT mRNA expression as analysed by the TRAP assay and RT-PCR, respectively. Genomic aberrations were verified using Ion Torrent Oncomine Comprehensive Assay v3-based next-generation sequencing (NGS). The sensitivity of BTL695 to YK-4-279 and TK216 was determined using an MTT-based viability assay (EZ4U). To elucidate the effectiveness of TK216 on cell cycle and apoptosis, cells were stained with PI and annexin V, respectively, and measured by flow cytometry. The effect of TK216 on the protein expression of the cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), indicative for apoptosis, was investigated by western blot. Additionally, a TK216-resistant cell model (BTL695res) was generated and analysed by NGS.
Results
BTL695 was significantly more sensitive to TK216 as compared to YK-4-279 (p<0.0001) characterized by the distinctly lower IC50 value of TK216 exposed cells (0.7 µM TK216; 1.6 µM YK-4-279). Flow cytometry analysis revealed a TK216 induced G2M cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis rate, which was additionally verified by the expression of cleaved PARP-1 expression using western blot. Genomic aberrations were found in 18 genes including NF2, CDKN2A/B, ARID1A and PTEN. Interestingly, although the majority of genomic alterations was persistent in the TK216 resistant cell model, a p53 mutation was newly acquired as compared to the parental cell line.
Conclusion
In summary, our results indicate that ETS transcription factor inhibition by TK216 exerts antitumour activity in our TERT promoter mutant meningioma cell model. Additionally, the sensitivity against TK216 is superior to YK-4-279 and therefore TK216 may represent a promising new therapeutic option for patients with aggressive, TERT promoter mutated meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Neumayer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kepler University Hospital GmbH , Linz , Austria
| | - L Kastler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kepler University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Johannes Kepler University , Linz , Austria
| | - M Laaber
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kepler University Hospital GmbH , Linz , Austria
| | - C Roschger
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Kepler University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Johannes Kepler University , Linz , Austria
| | - S Lenz
- Clinical Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Kepler University Hospital GmbH , Linz , Austria
| | - D Lötsch-Gojo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - W Berger
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - A Gruber
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kepler University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Johannes Kepler University , Linz , Austria
| | - S Spiegl-Kreinecker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kepler University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Johannes Kepler University , Linz , Austria
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9
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Mischkulnig M, Roetzer-Pejrimovsky T, Lötsch-Gojo D, Kastner N, Bruckner K, Prihoda R, Lang A, Martinez-Moreno M, Furtner J, Berghoff A, Woehrer A, Berger W, Widhalm G, Kiesel B. P07.04.B Heme biosynthesis factors and 5-ALA induced fluorescence: analysis of mRNA and protein expression in fluorescing and non-fluorescing gliomas. Neuro Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac174.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The intraoperative visualization of adult-type diffuse gliomas with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) induced fluorescence is widely used in the neurosurgical field. While visible 5-ALA induced fluorescence is found in the majority of high-grade gliomas, most low-grade gliomas lack visible fluorescence during surgery. Recently, the heme biosynthesis pathway was identified as crucial influencing factor for presence of visible fluorescence since it metabolizes 5-ALA to fluorescing Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). However, the exact alterations within the heme biosynthesis pathway resulting in visible 5-ALA induced fluorescence in gliomas are still unclear. The aim of the present study was thus to compare the mRNA and protein expression of promising intramitochondrial heme biosynthesis enzymes/transporters in glioma tissue samples of different fluorescence behavior.
Material and Methods
A total of 19 strongly fluorescing and 21 non-fluorescing tissue samples from neurosurgical adult-type diffuse gliomas (WHO grades II-IV) were included in the current analysis. In these samples, we investigated the mRNA expression by quantitative real time PCR and protein expression using immunohistochemistry of the intramitochondrial heme biosynthesis enzymes Coproporphyrinogen Oxidase (CPOX), Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase (PPOX), Ferrochelatase (FECH) and the transporter ATP-binding Cassette Subfamily B Member 2 (ABCG2).
Results
Regarding mRNA expression analysis, we found a significantly decreased ABCG2 expression in fluorescing specimens compared to non-fluorescing samples (p=0.001), whereas no difference in CPOX, PPOX and FECH was present. With respect to protein expression, significantly higher levels of CPOX (p=0.005), PPOX (p<0.01) and FECH (p=0.003) were detected in fluorescing samples. Similar to mRNA expression analysis, the protein expression of ABCG2 (p=0.001) was significantly lower in fluorescing samples.
Conclusion
Distinct alterations of the analyzed heme biosynthesis factors were found primarily on protein level. Our data indicate that heme biosynthesis pathway activity in general is enhanced in fluorescing gliomas with upregulation of PpIX generating enzymes and decreased ABCG2 mediated PpIX efflux outweighing the also increased further metabolization of PpIX to heme. Intramitochondrial heme biosynthesis factors thus constitute promising pharmacological targets to optimize intraoperative 5-ALA fluorescence visualization of usually non-fluorescing tumors such as low-grade gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - N Kastner
- Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - K Bruckner
- Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - R Prihoda
- University Hospital of St. Poelten , St. Poelten , Austria
| | - A Lang
- Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | | | - J Furtner
- Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - A Berghoff
- Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - A Woehrer
- Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - W Berger
- Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - G Widhalm
- Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - B Kiesel
- Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
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10
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Kastler L, Neumayer K, Laaber M, Roschger C, Lenz S, Lötsch-Gojo D, Berger W, Gruber A, Spiegl-Kreinecker S. P10.08.A Lipogenesis inhibition by fatostatin shows effectiveness in glioblastoma models highly expressing fatty acid synthase (FASN). Neuro Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac174.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and most aggressive primary brain tumour in adults. Despite intensive treatment, the medium overall survival of GBM patients remains below 20 months after diagnosis. Therefore, new tumour specific targets allowing successful therapeutic treatment are needed to distinctly enhance GBM patient overall survival. Reprogramming of lipid metabolism leading to highly upregulated anabolic pathways, like phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway and subsequently lipogenesis, is a hallmark of cancer cells including glioblastomas to meet increased energy demands for proliferation and cell growth. Accordingly, lipogenesis inhibition might be a promising strategy to impede GBM cell growth. Therefore, it was aim of our study to analyse the effect of the lipogenesis inhibitor fatostatin on downstream targets e.g. fatty acid synthase (FASN) and its impact on cell growth in GBM cells in vitro.
Material and Methods
In a cohort of 52 GBM-derived cell lines, FASN mRNA was investigated by qRT-PCR. The impact of fatostatin on cell viability (IC50) was analysed in selected cell lines using cell viability assays (Cell Titer Glo®). To elucidate whether fatostatin exposure affects cell migration, wound healing assays were performed. The effect of fatostatin on cell cycle and apoptosis was analysed by flow cytometry. Additionally, expression of FASN and level of phosphorylated AKT, the active form of AKT serine/threonine kinase, were examined before and after fatostatin treatment with qRT-PCR (mRNA) and Western blot (protein), respectively.
Results
FASN mRNA was found to be expressed at varying levels in our GBM-derived cell line cohort (n=52). Compared to normal astrocytes, FASN mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in GBM cells (p=0.0127). Furthermore, high FASN mRNA expression was significantly associated with higher sensitivity against fatostatin (p=0.0352). Regarding corresponding recurrences, the response to the inhibitor was shown to be persistent. Accordingly, the effectiveness of fatostatin treatment resulted in substantial downregulation of AKT phosphorylation and consequently in the induction of apoptosis and G2/M arrest of the cell cycle. In addition, a significant inhibition of the migration potential by fatostatin treatment was observed.
Conclusion
In summary, FASN expression represents a promising biomarker and therapy target within the lipid metabolism indicated by a significant sensitivity to fatostatin in FASN overexpressing GBM cell lines. Consequently, lipogenesis inhibition by fatostatin might be a promising novel therapeutic option in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kastler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kepler University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Johannes Kepler University , Linz , Austria
| | - K Neumayer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kepler University Hospital GmbH , Linz , Austria
| | - M Laaber
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kepler University Hospital GmbH , Linz , Austria
| | - C Roschger
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Kepler University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Johannes Kepler University , Linz , Austria
| | - S Lenz
- Clinical Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Kepler University Hospital GmbH , Linz , Austria
| | - D Lötsch-Gojo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - W Berger
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - A Gruber
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kepler University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Johannes Kepler University , Linz , Austria
| | - S Spiegl-Kreinecker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kepler University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Johannes Kepler University , Linz , Austria
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11
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Ries A, Flehberger D, Schelch K, Pirker C, Hoda M, Berger W, Grusch M. EP07.01-014 Mesothelioma-Associated Fibroblasts Enhance Mesothelioma Aggressiveness and Modulate Drug Response. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Kivrak Pfiffner F, Koller S, Ménétrey A, Graf U, Bähr L, Maspoli A, Hackenberg A, Kottke R, Gerth-Kahlert C, Berger W. Homozygosity for a Novel DOCK7 Variant Due to Segmental Uniparental Isodisomy of Chromosome 1 Associated with Early Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy (EIEE) and Cortical Visual Impairment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137382. [PMID: 35806387 PMCID: PMC9266905 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE) is a severe neurologic and neurodevelopmental disease that manifests in the first year of life. It shows a high degree of genetic heterogeneity, but the genetic origin is only identified in half of the cases. We report the case of a female child initially diagnosed with Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), an early-onset retinal dystrophy due to photoreceptor cell degeneration in the retina. The first examination at 9 months of age revealed no reaction to light or objects and showed wandering eye movements. Ophthalmological examination did not show any ocular abnormalities. The patient displayed mildly dysmorphic features and a global developmental delay. Brain MRI demonstrated pontine hypo-/dysplasia. The patient developed myoclonic epileptic seizures and epileptic spasms with focal and generalized epileptiform discharges on electroencephalogram (EEG) at the age of 16 months. Genetic screening for a potentially pathogenic DNA sequence variant by whole-exome sequencing (WES) revealed a novel, conserved, homozygous frameshift variant (c.5391delA, p.(Ala1798LeufsTer59)) in exon 42 of the DOCK7 gene (NM_001271999.1). Further analysis by SNP array (Karyomapping) showed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in four segments of chromosome 1. WES data of the parents and the index patient (trio analysis) demonstrated that chromosome 1 was exclusively inherited from the mother. Four LOH segments of chromosome 1 alternately showed isodisomy (UPiD) and heterodisomy (UPhD). In WES data, the father was a noncarrier, and the mother was heterozygous for this DOCK7 variant. The DOCK7 gene is located in 1p31.3, a region situated in one of the four isodisomic segments of chromosome 1, explaining the homozygosity seen in the affected child. Finally, Sanger sequencing confirmed maternal UPiD for the DOCK7 variant. Homozygous or compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in the DOCK7 (dedicator of cytokinesis 7) gene are associated with autosomal recessive, early infantile epileptic encephalopathy 23 (EIEE23; OMIM #615,859), a rare and heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders diagnosed during early childhood. To our knowledge, this is the first report of segmental uniparental iso- and heterodisomy of chromosome 1, leading to homozygosity of the DOCK7 frameshift variant in the affected patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Kivrak Pfiffner
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (F.K.P.); (S.K.); (U.G.); (L.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Samuel Koller
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (F.K.P.); (S.K.); (U.G.); (L.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Anika Ménétrey
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children’s Hospital, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Urs Graf
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (F.K.P.); (S.K.); (U.G.); (L.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Luzy Bähr
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (F.K.P.); (S.K.); (U.G.); (L.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessandro Maspoli
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (F.K.P.); (S.K.); (U.G.); (L.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Annette Hackenberg
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children’s Hospital, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Raimund Kottke
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children’s Hospital, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | | | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (F.K.P.); (S.K.); (U.G.); (L.B.); (A.M.)
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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13
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Peters F, Ebner LJA, Atac D, Maggi J, Berger W, den Hollander AI, Grimm C. Regulation of ABCA1 by AMD-Associated Genetic Variants and Hypoxia in iPSC-RPE. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063194. [PMID: 35328615 PMCID: PMC8953808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive disease of the macula characterized by atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptor degeneration, leading to severe vision loss at advanced stages in the elderly population. Impaired reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) as well as intracellular lipid accumulation in the RPE are implicated in AMD pathogenesis. Here, we focus on ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), a major cholesterol transport protein in the RPE, and analyze conditions that lead to ABCA1 dysregulation in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived RPE cells (iRPEs). Our results indicate that the risk-conferring alleles rs1883025 (C) and rs2740488 (A) in ABCA1 are associated with increased ABCA1 mRNA and protein levels and reduced efficiency of cholesterol efflux from the RPE. Hypoxia, an environmental risk factor for AMD, reduced expression of ABCA1 and increased intracellular lipid accumulation. Treatment with a liver X receptor (LXR) agonist led to an increase in ABCA1 expression and reduced lipid accumulation. Our data strengthen the homeostatic role of cholesterol efflux in the RPE and suggest that increasing cellular cholesterol export by stimulating ABCA1 expression might lessen lipid load, improving RPE survival and reducing the risk of developing AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Peters
- Laboratory for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Lynn J. A. Ebner
- Laboratory for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - David Atac
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland; (D.A.); (J.M.); (W.B.)
| | - Jordi Maggi
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland; (D.A.); (J.M.); (W.B.)
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland; (D.A.); (J.M.); (W.B.)
| | - Anneke I. den Hollander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
- AbbVie, Genomic Research Center, 200 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Christian Grimm
- Laboratory for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (C.G.)
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14
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Bryant D, Pauzuolyte V, Ingham NJ, Patel A, Pagarkar W, Anderson LA, Smith KE, Moulding DA, Leong YC, Jafree DJ, Long DA, Al-Yassin A, Steel KP, Jagger DJ, Forge A, Berger W, Sowden JC, Bitner-Glindzicz M. The timing of auditory sensory deficits in Norrie disease has implications for therapeutic intervention. JCI Insight 2022; 7:148586. [PMID: 35132964 PMCID: PMC8855802 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.148586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Norrie disease is caused by mutation of the NDP gene, presenting as congenital blindness followed by later onset of hearing loss. Protecting patients from hearing loss is critical for maintaining their quality of life. This study aimed to understand the onset of pathology in cochlear structure and function. By investigating patients and juvenile Ndp-mutant mice, we elucidated the sequence of onset of physiological changes (in auditory brainstem responses, distortion product otoacoustic emissions, endocochlear potential, blood-labyrinth barrier integrity) and determined the cellular, histological, and ultrastructural events leading to hearing loss. We found that cochlear vascular pathology occurs earlier than previously reported and precedes sensorineural hearing loss. The work defines a disease mechanism whereby early malformation of the cochlear microvasculature precedes loss of vessel integrity and decline of endocochlear potential, leading to hearing loss and hair cell death while sparing spiral ganglion cells. This provides essential information on events defining the optimal therapeutic window and indicates that early intervention is needed. In an era of advancing gene therapy and small-molecule technologies, this study establishes Ndp-mutant mice as a platform to test such interventions and has important implications for understanding the progression of hearing loss in Norrie disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale Bryant
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valda Pauzuolyte
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neil J Ingham
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aara Patel
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Waheeda Pagarkar
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy A Anderson
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie E Smith
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dale A Moulding
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yeh C Leong
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniyal J Jafree
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom.,UCL MB/PhD Programme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David A Long
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amina Al-Yassin
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen P Steel
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Jagger
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Forge
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zürich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jane C Sowden
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Bitner-Glindzicz
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Neubauer J, Kissel CK, Bolliger SA, Barbon D, Thali MJ, Kloiber D, Bode PK, Kovacs B, Graf U, Maspoli A, Berger W, Saguner AM, Haas C. Benefits and outcomes of a new multidisciplinary approach for the management and financing of sudden unexplained death cases in a forensic setting in Switzerland. Forensic Sci Int 2022; 334:111240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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16
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Cosentino A, Odorizzi G, Berger W. Infected hip prosthesis in patient with suspected Covid-19 infection. Arthroplasty 2022; 3:3. [PMID: 34977465 PMCID: PMC7850715 DOI: 10.1186/s42836-020-00058-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infections following arthroplasty are one of the major risks during this type of surgery. Moreover, the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus Disease 2), has developed into an unprecedented pandemic, posing enormous pressure on health-care providers around the world. Case presentation Four and half years after right hip arthroplasty, the patient came back to our attention with pain at the same hip. The instrumental examinations showed signs of cup detachment. After carefully analyzing the case, we decided to perform a sterile aspiration of the hip in the operating room under C-arm fluoroscopy. Microbiological examinations showed positivity for E. coli. The patient underwent surgery by which the prosthesis was removed and a spacer was implanted. A therapy with Cefotaxim 2 g three times a day for 6 weeks was then set, and then a total arthroplasty was performed. During this period, the COVID-19 pandemic occurred and therefore the patient received nasal-throat swabbing two times, and both yielded negative results. However, 1 week after the final surgery, his respiratory conditions deteriorated and chest X-ray and CT scan showed images of ground-glass opacification patterns (GGO). Due to the clinical symptoms and the characteristic images of the instrumental examinations, the patient was transferred to an observation ward. Thereafter, two more swab tests gave negative results. The patient was then transferred to the ward for patients with typical symptoms of COVID-19 but with negative swab tests for 2 weeks and was subsequently discharged home. Conclusion The purpose of this case report was to point out the correct treatment of a PJI after the outbreak of COVID-19. Despite the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the guidelines in the case of periprosthetic hip infection further confirmed the correct management of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cosentino
- F. Tappeiner Hospital, via Rossini 5, 39012, Meran, BZ Italy
| | - G Odorizzi
- F. Tappeiner Hospital, via Rossini 5, 39012, Meran, BZ Italy
| | - W Berger
- F. Tappeiner Hospital, via Rossini 5, 39012, Meran, BZ Italy
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17
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Rechsteiner D, Issler L, Koller S, Lang E, Bähr L, Feil S, Rüegger CM, Kottke R, Toelle SP, Zweifel N, Steindl K, Joset P, Zweier M, Suter AA, Gogoll L, Haas C, Berger W, Gerth-Kahlert C. Genetic Analysis in a Swiss Cohort of Bilateral Congenital Cataract. JAMA Ophthalmol 2021; 139:691-700. [PMID: 34014271 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2021.0385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Importance Identification of geographic population-based differences in genotype and phenotype heterogeneity are important for targeted and patient-specific diagnosis and treatment, counseling, and screening strategies. Objective To report disease-causing variants and their detailed phenotype in patients with bilateral congenital cataract from a single center in Switzerland and thereby draw a genetic map and perform a genotype-phenotype comparison of this cohort. Design, Setting, and Participants This clinical and molecular-genetic cohort study took place through the collaboration of the Department of Ophthalmology at the University Hospital Zurich and the Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland. Thirty-seven patients from 25 families with different types of bilateral congenital cataract were included. All participating family members received a comprehensive eye examination. Whole exome sequencing was performed in the index patients, followed by a filtering process to detect possible disease-associated variants in genes previously described in association with congenital cataract. Probable disease-causing variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing in available family members. All data were collected from January 2018 to June 2020, and the molecular-genetic analyses were performed from January 2019 to July 2020. Main Outcomes and Measures Identification of the underlying genetic causes of bilateral congenital cataract, including novel disease-causing variants and phenotype correlation. Results Among the 37 patients (18 [49%] male and 19 [51%] female; mean [SD] age, 17.3 [15.9] years) from 25 families, pathogenic variants were detected in 20 families (80% detection rate), which included 13 novel variants in the following genes: BCOR, COL4A1, CRYBA2, CRYBB2, CRYGC, CRYGS, GJA3, MAF, NHS, and WFS1. Putative disease-causing variants were identified in 14 of 20 families (70%) as isolated cases and in 6 of 20 families (30%) with syndromic cases. A recessive variant in the CRYBB2 gene in a consanguineous family with 2 affected siblings showing a nuclear and sutural cataract was reported in contrast to previously published reports. In addition, the effect on splicing in a minigene assay of a novel splice site variant in the NHS gene (c.[719-2A>G]) supported the pathogenicity of this variant. Conclusions and Relevance This study emphasizes the importance of genetic testing of congenital cataracts. Known dominant genes need to be considered for recessive inheritance patterns. Syndromic types of cataract may be underdiagnosed in patients with mild systemic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Rechsteiner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Lydia Issler
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Koller
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Elena Lang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Luzy Bähr
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Silke Feil
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christoph M Rüegger
- Newborn Research, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raimund Kottke
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra P Toelle
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Noëmi Zweifel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Steindl
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Joset
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Zweier
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aude-Annick Suter
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Gogoll
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cordula Haas
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christina Gerth-Kahlert
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Lang E, Koller S, Atac D, Pfäffli OA, Hanson JV, Feil S, Bähr L, Bahr A, Kottke R, Joset P, Fasler K, Barthelmes D, Steindl K, Konrad D, Wille D, Berger W, Gerth‐Kahlert C. Genotype-phenotype spectrum in isolated and syndromic nanophthalmos. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 99:e594-e607. [PMID: 32996714 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To (i) describe a series of patients with isolated or syndromic nanophthalmos with the underlying genetic causes, including novel pathogenic variants and their functional characterization and (ii) to study the association of retinal dystrophy in patients with MFRP variants, based on a detailed literature review of genotype-phenotype correlations. METHODS Patients with nanophthalmos and available family members received a comprehensive ophthalmological examination. Genetic analysis was based on whole-exome sequencing and variant calling in core genes including MFRP, BEST1, TMEM98, PRSS56, CRB1, GJA1, C1QTNF5, MYRF and FAM111A. A minigene assay was performed for functional characterization of a splice site variant. RESULTS Seven patients, aged between three and 65 years, from five unrelated families were included. Novel pathogenic variants in MFRP (c.497C>T, c.899-3C>A, c.1180G>A), and PRSS56 (c.1202C>A), and a recurrent de novo variant in FAM111A (c.1706G>A) in a patient with Kenny-Caffey syndrome type 2, were identified. In addition, we report co-inheritance of MFRP-related nanophthalmos and ADAR-related Aicardi-Goutières syndrome. CONCLUSION Nanophthalmos is a genetically heterogeneous condition, and the severity of ocular manifestations appears not to correlate with variants in a specific gene. However, retinal dystrophy is only observed in patients harbouring pathogenic MFRP variants. Furthermore, heterozygous carriers of MFRP and PRSS56 should be screened for the presence of high hyperopia. Identifying nanophthalmos as an isolated condition or as part of a syndrome has implications for counselling and can accelerate the interdisciplinary care of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lang
- Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics University of Zurich Schlieren Switzerland
| | - Samuel Koller
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics University of Zurich Schlieren Switzerland
| | - David Atac
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics University of Zurich Schlieren Switzerland
| | - Oliver A. Pfäffli
- Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - James V.M. Hanson
- Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Silke Feil
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics University of Zurich Schlieren Switzerland
| | - Luzy Bähr
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics University of Zurich Schlieren Switzerland
| | - Angela Bahr
- Institute of Medical Genetics University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Raimund Kottke
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging University Children's Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Pascal Joset
- Institute of Medical Genetics University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Katrin Fasler
- Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Daniel Barthelmes
- Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Save Sight Institute The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Katharina Steindl
- Institute of Medical Genetics University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Daniel Konrad
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology University Children’s Hospital Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics University of Zurich Schlieren Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Christina Gerth‐Kahlert
- Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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19
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Kovacs B, Graf U, Magyar I, Baehr L, Maspoli A, Duru F, Berger W, Saguner AM. A novel variant in the SLC4A3 gene with high penetrance in a family with short QT Syndrome. Europace 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euab116.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background
Short QT syndrome (SQTS) is a rare, autosomal dominant disease causing sudden cardiac death (SCD). Current guidelines recommend genetic testing. Associated variants in KCNQ1, KCNH2, KCNJ2 and SLC4A3 genes have been reported.
Purpose
We report a family with a variant in the SLC4A3 gene with several presentations of SCD and high clinical penetrance of SQTS.
Methods
We performed a post-mortem genetic testing in the index patient in whom prior ECG was available. Subsequently, clinical and electrophysiological work-up and cascade screening (CS) of the detected suspected variant was carried out in available relatives.
Results
The index patient had suffered a SCD at the age of 17 (figure, upper panel, arrow). A previously registered ECG showed a shortened QTc of 340ms (figure, lower panel). Autopsy revealed no structural heart disease. Post-mortem genetic testing revealed variants in the LDB3, MYH7 and a novel heterozygous missense variant, p.(Ser1039Arg) also in the SLC4A3 gene. Although predictive bioinformatic algorithms (AlignGVGD, SIFT, MutationTaster, Polyphen2) showed conflicting classifications, family history was notable for SCD without post-mortem genetic work-up in three second degree relatives (figure, upper panel, patients 207, 208 and 305, age of death 33, 25 and 33 years respectively). CS was performed in first and second degree relatives of the index patient and was highly suggestive for disease association of the variant in the SLC4A3 gene with co-segregation in all clinically affected family members. Only one patient with the variant had a normal QTc (figure, upper panel, patient 202) of 407ms, however this patient was on regular QT-prolonging medication (risperidone and loperamide).
Conclusion
Genetic testing revealed a novel in the SLC4A3 gene, which was recently implicated in the pathogenesis of the SQTS. Although predictive bioinformatic algorithms yielded conflicting results, CS of family members suggests a likely pathogenicity (class IV) of the variant. Further CS or functional tests are necessary to establish causality. Abstract Figure. ECG of index patient and family tree
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kovacs
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - U Graf
- University of Zurich, Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - I Magyar
- University of Zurich, Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L Baehr
- University of Zurich, Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Maspoli
- University of Zurich, Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - F Duru
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - W Berger
- University of Zurich, Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - AM Saguner
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Grusch M, Pirker C, Hoda M, Berger W, Schelch K. MA06.04 FGF5 Expression in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: Impact on Cell Growth, Cisplatin Resistance and Patient Survival. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Maggi J, Koller S, Bähr L, Feil S, Kivrak Pfiffner F, Hanson JVM, Maspoli A, Gerth-Kahlert C, Berger W. Long-Range PCR-Based NGS Applications to Diagnose Mendelian Retinal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041508. [PMID: 33546218 PMCID: PMC7913364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a flexible, cost-efficient, next-generation sequencing (NGS) protocol for genetic testing. Long-range polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons of up to 20 kb in size were designed to amplify entire genomic regions for a panel (n = 35) of inherited retinal disease (IRD)-associated loci. Amplicons were pooled and sequenced by NGS. The analysis was applied to 227 probands diagnosed with IRD: (A) 108 previously molecularly diagnosed, (B) 94 without previous genetic testing, and (C) 25 undiagnosed after whole-exome sequencing (WES). The method was validated with 100% sensitivity on cohort A. Long-range PCR-based sequencing revealed likely causative variant(s) in 51% and 24% of proband from cohorts B and C, respectively. Breakpoints of 3 copy number variants (CNVs) could be characterized. Long-range PCR libraries spike-in extended coverage of WES. Read phasing confirmed compound heterozygosity in 5 probands. The proposed sequencing protocol provided deep coverage of the entire gene, including intronic and promoter regions. Our method can be used (i) as a first-tier assay to reduce genetic testing costs, (ii) to elucidate missing heritability cases, (iii) to characterize breakpoints of CNVs at nucleotide resolution, (iv) to extend WES data to non-coding regions by spiking-in long-range PCR libraries, and (v) to help with phasing of candidate variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Maggi
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (J.M.); (S.K.); (L.B.); (S.F.); (F.K.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Samuel Koller
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (J.M.); (S.K.); (L.B.); (S.F.); (F.K.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Luzy Bähr
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (J.M.); (S.K.); (L.B.); (S.F.); (F.K.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Silke Feil
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (J.M.); (S.K.); (L.B.); (S.F.); (F.K.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Fatma Kivrak Pfiffner
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (J.M.); (S.K.); (L.B.); (S.F.); (F.K.P.); (A.M.)
| | - James V. M. Hanson
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (J.V.M.H.); (C.G.-K.)
| | - Alessandro Maspoli
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (J.M.); (S.K.); (L.B.); (S.F.); (F.K.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Christina Gerth-Kahlert
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (J.V.M.H.); (C.G.-K.)
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (J.M.); (S.K.); (L.B.); (S.F.); (F.K.P.); (A.M.)
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University and ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-44-556-33-50
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22
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Haug P, Koller S, Maggi J, Lang E, Feil S, Wlodarczyk A, Bähr L, Steindl K, Rohrbach M, Gerth-Kahlert C, Berger W. Whole Exome Sequencing in Coloboma/Microphthalmia: Identification of Novel and Recurrent Variants in Seven Genes. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:65. [PMID: 33418956 PMCID: PMC7825129 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coloboma and microphthalmia (C/M) are related congenital eye malformations, which can cause significant visual impairment. Molecular diagnosis is challenging as the genes associated to date with C/M account for only a small percentage of cases. Overall, the genetic cause remains unknown in up to 80% of patients. High throughput DNA sequencing technologies, including whole-exome sequencing (WES), are therefore a useful and efficient tool for genetic screening and identification of new mutations and novel genes in C/M. In this study, we analyzed the DNA of 19 patients with C/M from 15 unrelated families using singleton WES and data analysis for 307 genes of interest. We identified seven novel and one recurrent potentially disease-causing variants in CRIM1, CHD7, FAT1, PTCH1, PUF60, BRPF1, and TGFB2 in 47% of our families, three of which occurred de novo. The detection rate in patients with ocular and extraocular manifestations (67%) was higher than in patients with an isolated ocular phenotype (46%). Our study highlights the significant genetic heterogeneity in C/M cohorts and emphasizes the diagnostic power of WES for the screening of patients and families with C/M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Haug
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (P.H.); (S.K.); (J.M.); (E.L.); (S.F.); (A.W.); (L.B.)
| | - Samuel Koller
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (P.H.); (S.K.); (J.M.); (E.L.); (S.F.); (A.W.); (L.B.)
| | - Jordi Maggi
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (P.H.); (S.K.); (J.M.); (E.L.); (S.F.); (A.W.); (L.B.)
| | - Elena Lang
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (P.H.); (S.K.); (J.M.); (E.L.); (S.F.); (A.W.); (L.B.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Silke Feil
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (P.H.); (S.K.); (J.M.); (E.L.); (S.F.); (A.W.); (L.B.)
| | - Agnès Wlodarczyk
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (P.H.); (S.K.); (J.M.); (E.L.); (S.F.); (A.W.); (L.B.)
| | - Luzy Bähr
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (P.H.); (S.K.); (J.M.); (E.L.); (S.F.); (A.W.); (L.B.)
| | - Katharina Steindl
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland;
| | - Marianne Rohrbach
- Division of Metabolism and Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Christina Gerth-Kahlert
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (P.H.); (S.K.); (J.M.); (E.L.); (S.F.); (A.W.); (L.B.)
- Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University and ETH Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
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23
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Atac D, Koller S, Hanson JVM, Feil S, Tiwari A, Bahr A, Baehr L, Magyar I, Kottke R, Gerth-Kahlert C, Berger W. Atonal homolog 7 (ATOH7) loss-of-function mutations in predominant bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:132-148. [PMID: 31696227 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) is a congenital optic nerve abnormality caused by underdevelopment of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Despite being a rare disease, ONH is the most common optic disk anomaly in ophthalmological practice. So far, mutations in several genes have been identified as causative; however, many cases of ONH remain without a molecular explanation. The early transcription factor atonal basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor 7 (ATOH7) is expressed in retinal progenitor cells and has a crucial role in RGC development. Previous studies have identified several mutations in the ATOH7 locus in cases of eye developmental diseases such as non-syndromic congenital retinal non-attachment and persistent hyperplasia of the primary vitreous. Here we present two siblings with a phenotype predominated by bilateral ONH, with additional features of foveal hypoplasia and distinct vascular abnormalities, where whole-exome sequencing identified two compound heterozygous missense mutations affecting a conserved amino acid residue within the bHLH domain of ATOH7 (NM_145178.3:c.175G>A; p.(Ala59Thr) and c.176C>T; p.(Ala59Val)). ATOH7 expression constructs with patient single nucleotide variants were cloned for functional characterization. Protein analyses revealed decreased protein amounts and significantly enhanced degradation in the presence of E47, a putative bHLH dimerization partner. Protein interaction assays revealed decreased heterodimerization and DNA-binding of ATOH7 variants, resulting in total loss of transcriptional activation of luciferase reporter gene expression. These findings strongly support pathogenicity of the two ATOH7 mutations, one of which is novel. Additionally, this report highlights the possible impact of altered ATOH7 dimerization on protein stability and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Atac
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Koller
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - James V M Hanson
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Silke Feil
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Amit Tiwari
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Angela Bahr
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Luzy Baehr
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - István Magyar
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Raimund Kottke
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8032, Switzerland
| | - Christina Gerth-Kahlert
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
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24
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Costa S, Medeiros-Domingo A, Gasperetti A, Akdis D, Berger W, James CA, Ruschitzka F, Brunckhorst CB, Duru F, Saguner AM. Impact of Genetic Variant Reassessment on the Diagnosis of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy Based on the 2010 Task Force Criteria. Circ Genom Precis Med 2020; 14:e003047. [PMID: 33232181 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.120.003047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited cardiomyopathy, which is associated with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Approximately 60% of patients carry a putative disease-causing genetic variant, but interpretation of genetic test results can be challenging. The aims of this study were to systematically reclassify genetic variants in patients with ARVC and to assess the impact on ARVC diagnosis. METHODS This study included patients from the Multicenter Zurich ARVC Registry who hosted a genetic variant deemed to be associated with the disease. Reclassification of pathogenicity was performed according to the modified 2015 American College of Medical Genetics criteria. ARVC diagnosis (categories: definite, borderline, possible) based on the 2010 Task Force Criteria was reclassified after genetic readjudication. RESULTS In 79 patients bearing 80 unique genetic variants, n=47 (58.8%) genetic variants were reclassified, and reclassification was judged to be clinically relevant in n=33 (41.3%). Variants in plakophilin-2 (PKP2) were shown to reclassify less frequently as compared with other genes (PKP2, n=1, 8.3%; desmosomal non-PKP2, n=20, 66.7%; nondesmosomal, n=26, 68.4%; P=0.001for overall comparison; PKP2 versus desmosomal non-PKP2, P=0.001; PKP2 versus nondesmosomal, P<0.001). Genetic reclassification impacted ARVC diagnosis. Eight patients (10.1%) were downgraded from definite to borderline/possible disease at the time of initial genetic testing as well as last follow-up, respectively. Separate genetic reclassification in family members led to downgrading of n=5 (38.5%) variants. CONCLUSIONS Given that approximately half of genetic variants were reclassified, with 10.1% of patients losing their definite disease status, accurate determination of variant pathogenicity is of utmost importance in the diagnosis of ARVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Costa
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (S.C., A.G., D.A., F.R., C.B.B., F.D., A.M.S.)
| | | | - Alessio Gasperetti
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (S.C., A.G., D.A., F.R., C.B.B., F.D., A.M.S.)
| | - Deniz Akdis
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (S.C., A.G., D.A., F.R., C.B.B., F.D., A.M.S.)
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (W.B.)
| | - Cynthia A James
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (C.A.J.)
| | - Frank Ruschitzka
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (S.C., A.G., D.A., F.R., C.B.B., F.D., A.M.S.)
| | - Corinna B Brunckhorst
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (S.C., A.G., D.A., F.R., C.B.B., F.D., A.M.S.)
| | - Firat Duru
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (S.C., A.G., D.A., F.R., C.B.B., F.D., A.M.S.).,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Switzerland (W.B., F.D.)
| | - Ardan M Saguner
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (S.C., A.G., D.A., F.R., C.B.B., F.D., A.M.S.)
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Kovacs B, Graf U, Magyar I, Baehr L, Maspoli A, Duru F, Berger W, Saguner A. Two novel variants in the SLC4A3 gene in two families with Short QT Syndrome: the role of cascade screening. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.0741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Short QT syndrome (SQTS) is a rare, autosomal dominant disease causing sudden cardiac death (SCD). Genetic testing is recommended according to current guidelines. Variants in KCNQ1, KCNH2, KCNJ2 and SLC4A3 genes have been reported in SQTS.
Purpose
We report implications of genetic testing and cascade screening (CS) in two families with phenotypical presentation of SQTS and novel genetic variants of unknown significance.
Methods
We performed a thorough clinical and electrophysiological work-up of the index patients of both families. In addition, genetic screening was conducted. Subsequently, segregation analysis of potentially pathogenic variants was carried out in available relatives.
Results
Index patient 1 presented with a history of recurrent syncope. His ECG showed a shortened QTc of 340ms. Family history was unremarkable. Structural heart disease was excluded by cardiac MRI and coronary angiography. Genetic testing detected a rare heterozygous missense variant in the KCNH2 gene (p.(Arg328Cys), frequency 0.053%), predicted to be pathogenic according to various prediction algorithms (Polyphen, SIFT, Align GVGD, mutation taster). CS of relatives did not confirm this variant as the causative mutation. Reanalysis of whole-exome sequencing data revealed a novel heterozygous missense variant, p.(Arg370Cys) in the recently identified SLC4A3 gene. A variant at the same position has previously been associated with SQTS. CS suggested disease association. The second index patient had a SCD at the age of 17. A previously registered ECG showed a shortened QTc of 340ms. Autopsy revealed no structural heart disease. Post-mortem genetic testing revealed variants in the LDB3, MYH7 and a novel heterozygous missense variant, p.(Ser1039Arg) also in the SLC4A3 gene. Family history was positive for SCD in three 2° relatives. The index patient's father had a positive phenotype with a QTc of 365ms. CS again suggested disease association of the variant in the SLC4A3 gene only.
Conclusion
Genetic testing revealed two novel variants in the SLC4A3 gene, which was recently implicated in the pathogenesis of the SQTS. Predictive bioinformatic algorithms to assess the pathogenicity of missense variants are of limited relevance, but genetic analysis of additional unaffected and affected family members may be instrumental to identify pathogenic DNA sequence variations.
Family tree index patients 1 and 2
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kovacs
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - U Graf
- University of Zurich, Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - I Magyar
- University of Zurich, Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L Baehr
- University of Zurich, Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Maspoli
- University of Zurich, Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - F Duru
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - W Berger
- University of Zurich, Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A.M Saguner
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland
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Maggi J, Roberts L, Koller S, Rebello G, Berger W, Ramesar R. De Novo Assembly-Based Analysis of RPGR Exon ORF15 in an Indigenous African Cohort Overcomes Limitations of a Standard Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) Data Analysis Pipeline. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070800. [PMID: 32679846 PMCID: PMC7396994 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
RPGR exon ORF15 variants are one of the most frequent causes for inherited retinal disorders (IRDs), in particular retinitis pigmentosa. The low sequence complexity of this mutation hotspot makes it prone to indels and challenging for sequence data analysis. Whole-exome sequencing generally fails to provide adequate coverage in this region. Therefore, complementary methods are needed to avoid false positives as well as negative results. In this study, next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to sequence long-range PCR amplicons for an IRD cohort of African ancestry. By developing a novel secondary analysis pipeline based on de novo assembly, we were able to avoid the miscalling of variants generated by standard NGS analysis tools. We identified pathogenic variants in 11 patients (13% of the cohort), two of which have not been reported previously. We provide a novel and alternative end-to-end secondary analysis pipeline for targeted NGS of ORF15 that is less prone to false positive and negative variant calls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Maggi
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetic, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (J.M.); (S.K.)
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Roberts
- University of Cape Town/MRC Genomic and Precision Medicine Research Unit, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (L.R.); (G.R.); (R.R.)
| | - Samuel Koller
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetic, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (J.M.); (S.K.)
| | - George Rebello
- University of Cape Town/MRC Genomic and Precision Medicine Research Unit, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (L.R.); (G.R.); (R.R.)
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetic, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (J.M.); (S.K.)
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University and ETH Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - Rajkumar Ramesar
- University of Cape Town/MRC Genomic and Precision Medicine Research Unit, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (L.R.); (G.R.); (R.R.)
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Lang E, Koller S, Bähr L, Töteberg-Harms M, Atac D, Roulez F, Bahr A, Steindl K, Feil S, Berger W, Gerth-Kahlert C. Exome Sequencing in a Swiss Childhood Glaucoma Cohort Reveals CYP1B1 and FOXC1 Variants as Most Frequent Causes. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:47. [PMID: 32832252 PMCID: PMC7414719 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.7.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular basis of childhood glaucoma in Switzerland to recommend future targeted genetic analysis in the Swiss population. Methods Whole-exome sequencing and copy number variation (CNV) analysis was performed in a Swiss cohort of 18 patients from 14 unrelated families. Identified variants were validated by Sanger sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Breakpoints of structural variants were determined by a microarray. A minigene assay was conducted for functional analysis of a splice site variant. Results A diagnosis of primary congenital glaucoma was made in 14 patients, of which six (43%) harbored pathogenic variants in CYP1B1, one (7%) a frameshift variant in FOXC1, and seven (50%) remained without a genetic diagnosis. Three patients were diagnosed with glaucoma associated with nonacquired ocular anomalies, of which two patients with mild ocular features of Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome harbored a FOXC1 duplication plus an additional FOXC1 missense variant, and one patient with a Barkan membrane remained without genetic diagnosis. A diagnosis of juvenile open-angle glaucoma was made in one patient, and genetic analysis revealed a FOXC1 duplication. Conclusions Sequencing of CYP1B1 and FOXC1, as well as analysis of CNVs in FOXC1, should be performed before extended gene panel sequencing. Translational Relevance The identification of the molecular cause of childhood glaucoma is a prerequisite for genetic counseling and personalized care for patients and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Koller
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Luzy Bähr
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Marc Töteberg-Harms
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Atac
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Françoise Roulez
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Angela Bahr
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Steindl
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silke Feil
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christina Gerth-Kahlert
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Kovacs B, Graf U, Magyar I, Baehr L, Maspoli A, Firat D, Berger W, Saguner AM. 1268A family with a novel variant in the SLC4A3 gene leading to short QT phenotype - the importance of whole-exome-sequencing and cascade screening. Europace 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euaa162.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
none
Introduction
Short QT syndrome (SQTS) is a rare, autosomal dominant disease causing ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death. Genetic testing is recommended according to current guidelines. Mutations in KCNQ1, KCNH2, KCNJ2 and more recently SLC4A3 genes have been implicated in SQTS. These genes encode potassium channel subunits and a bicarbonate transporter regulating intracellular pH. A dominant mutation in this transporter can lead to increased intracellular pH and shortened action potential.
Purpose
We present a family with a short QT phenotype and recurrent syncope in whom a novel genetic variant was detected by whole-exome sequencing (WES), confirmed by cascade screening.
Methods
We performed a thorough work-up of the index patient including medical history, physical examination, 12-lead ECG, echocardiography, stress testing, coronary angiography, flecainide challenge, and genetic testing with NGS. QTc was determined using Bazett’s formula. CS of all 1° and two 2° relatives was performed.
Results
The ECG of the index patient showed a QTc of 340ms and characteristics compatible with a SQTS (figure). Clinical work-up was unremarkable. A first genetic search with next generation sequencing focusing on genes that have been previously involved in the pathogenesis of channelopathies detected a rare known heterozygous missense variant in the KCNH2 gene (Arg328Cys, frequency 0.053%), which was predicted to be pathogenic according to various prediction algorithms (Polyphen, SIFT, Align GVGD, mutation taster). ECG screening of all asymptomatic first-degree family members identified a SQT phenotype in the mother (QTc 355ms), but not in the father (QTc 380ms) and sister (410ms). The KCNH2 variant was found in the father and sister but not the affected mother, which excludes this variant as the causative mutation in this family. Therefore, reanalysis of WES data was performed and revealed a novel heterozygous missense variant p.(Arg370Cys) in the SLC4A3 gene, recently associated with SQTS. A mutation in this gene at the same position has been previously reported in SQTS. The p.(Arg370Cys) mutation was found in the mother but not in the unaffected father or sister. Furthermore the mutation was present in two affected maternal uncles (QTc 319ms and 342ms) supporting the assumption that this was the causative mutation in this family.
Conclusions
A novel genetic variant in the SLC4A3 gene leading to sQT phenotype could be detected using WES and cascade screening. Predictive bioinformatic algorithms to assess the pathogenicity of missense variants are of limited relevance, but genetic analysis of additional unaffected and affected family members may be instrumental to identify pathogenic DNA sequence variations.
Abstract Figure. Pedigree and ECGs of the family
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kovacs
- University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - U Graf
- University of Zurich, Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - I Magyar
- University of Zurich, Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L Baehr
- University of Zurich, Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Maspoli
- University of Zurich, Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D Firat
- University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - W Berger
- University of Zurich, Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A M Saguner
- University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Ulv Larsen SM, Landolt HP, Berger W, Nedergaard M, Knudsen GM, Holst SC. Haplotype of the astrocytic water channel AQP4 is associated with slow wave energy regulation in human NREM sleep. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000623. [PMID: 32369477 PMCID: PMC7199924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow through the brain parenchyma is facilitated by the astrocytic water channel aquaporin 4 (AQP4). Homeostatically regulated electroencephalographic (EEG) slow waves are a hallmark of deep non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and have been implicated in the regulation of parenchymal CSF flow and brain clearance. The human AQP4 gene harbors several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with AQP4 expression, brain-water homeostasis, and neurodegenerative diseases. To date, their role in sleep-wake regulation is unknown. To investigate whether functional variants in AQP4 modulate human sleep, nocturnal EEG recordings and cognitive performance were investigated in 123 healthy participants genotyped for a common eight-SNP AQP4-haplotype. We show that this AQP4-haplotype is associated with distinct modulations of NREM slow wave energy, strongest in early sleep and mirrored by changes in sleepiness and reaction times during extended wakefulness. The study provides the first human evidence for a link between AQP4, deep NREM sleep, and cognitive consequences of prolonged wakefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Marie Ulv Larsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans-Peter Landolt
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Sleep & Health Zurich, University Center of Competence, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte Moos Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Camillo Holst
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Sleep & Health Zurich, University Center of Competence, Zurich, Switzerland
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Gerth-Kahlert C, Koller S, Hanson JVM, Baehr L, Tiwari A, Kivrak-Pfiffner F, Bahr A, Berger W. Genotype-Phenotype Analysis of a Novel Recessive and a Recurrent Dominant SNRNP200 Variant Causing Retinitis Pigmentosa. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:2822-2835. [PMID: 31260034 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare phenotype variability in retinitis pigmentosa patients with recessive and dominant mutations in the SNRNP200 gene. Methods In a retrospective study, patients of two unrelated families were identified: family A, five patients aged 36 to 77 years; family B, one patient aged 9 years and his asymptomatic parents and sister. All patients received a comprehensive eye examination with a detailed retinal functional and morphologic assessment. Genetic testing was performed by whole exome sequencing (WES) in the index patient from each family. Genes described to be involved in eye diseases (n > 450) were screened for rare variants and segregation analysis was performed. Results A known heterozygous missense variant (c.3260C>T, p.(Ser1087Leu)) in the SNRNP200 gene was identified in the index patient of family A while a novel homozygous missense mutation (c.1634G>A, p.(Arg545His)) was found in the index patient of family B. Nyctalopia and photophobia were reported by 6/6 and 2/6 patients, respectively. The phenotype associated with the dominant mutation was characterized by variable disease onset (early childhood to the sixth decade of life), disease severity (visual acuity of 20/20-20/200 in the seventh to eighth decade), and advanced rod-cone dysfunction. Characteristics of recessive disease included distinct fundus changes of dot-like hypopigmentation together with retinal atrophy and severe rod-cone dysfunction. Conclusions The phenotype characteristics in autosomal dominant and recessive SNRNP200 mutations show distinct features, with earlier severe disease in the recessive case and a variable disease expression in the dominant inheritance pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel Koller
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - James V M Hanson
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luzy Baehr
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Amit Tiwari
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Fatma Kivrak-Pfiffner
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Angela Bahr
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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31
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Stettner G, Knirsch U, Berger W, Graf U, Hendriks B, Seidl R, Bernert G, Behunova J, Laccone F, Weiss S. EP.113Infantile-onset CMT2Z is caused by two MORC2 gene mutations and is associated with a distinct phenotype. Neuromuscul Disord 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2019.06.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abella B, Berger W, Blaiss M, Stiell I, Moellman J, Caterino J, Suner S, Kessler A, Du J, Klausner H. 310 IV Cetirizine Versus IV Diphenhydramine in Treatment of Acute Urticaria. Ann Emerg Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.08.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Knöpfel EB, Vilches C, Camargo SMR, Errasti-Murugarren E, Stäubli A, Mayayo C, Munier FL, Miroshnikova N, Poncet N, Junza A, Bhattacharya SS, Prat E, Berry V, Berger W, Heon E, Moore AT, Yanes Ó, Nunes V, Palacín M, Verrey F, Kloeckener-Gruissem B. Dysfunctional LAT2 Amino Acid Transporter Is Associated With Cataract in Mouse and Humans. Front Physiol 2019; 10:688. [PMID: 31231240 PMCID: PMC6558864 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cataract, the loss of ocular lens transparency, accounts for ∼50% of worldwide blindness and has been associated with water and solute transport dysfunction across lens cellular barriers. We show that neutral amino acid antiporter LAT2 (Slc7a8) and uniporter TAT1 (Slc16a10) are expressed on mouse ciliary epithelium and LAT2 also in lens epithelium. Correspondingly, deletion of LAT2 induced a dramatic decrease in lens essential amino acid levels that was modulated by TAT1 defect. Interestingly, the absence of LAT2 led to increased incidence of cataract in mice, in particular in older females, and a synergistic effect was observed with simultaneous lack of TAT1. Screening SLC7A8 in patients diagnosed with congenital or age-related cataract yielded one homozygous single nucleotide deletion segregating in a family with congenital cataract. Expressed in HeLa cells, this LAT2 mutation did not support amino acid uptake. Heterozygous LAT2 variants were also found in patients with cataract some of which showed a reduced transport function when expressed in HeLa cells. Whether heterozygous LAT2 variants may contribute to the pathology of cataract needs to be further investigated. Overall, our results suggest that defects of amino acid transporter LAT2 are implicated in cataract formation, a situation that may be aggravated by TAT1 defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Boiadjieva Knöpfel
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research Kidney.CH, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Clara Vilches
- Genes, Disease and Therapy Program, Molecular Genetics Laboratory – IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- U730 and U731, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Simone M. R. Camargo
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ekaitz Errasti-Murugarren
- U730 and U731, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrina Stäubli
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Clara Mayayo
- Genes, Disease and Therapy Program, Molecular Genetics Laboratory – IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francis L. Munier
- Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Nadège Poncet
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Junza
- Metabolomics Platform, IISPV, Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Shomi S. Bhattacharya
- Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre – CABIMER, Seville, Spain
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Esther Prat
- Genes, Disease and Therapy Program, Molecular Genetics Laboratory – IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- U730 and U731, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Barcelona, Spain
- Genetics Section, Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanita Berry
- Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre – CABIMER, Seville, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich – ZNZ, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elise Heon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony T. Moore
- Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre – CABIMER, Seville, Spain
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Óscar Yanes
- Metabolomics Platform, IISPV, Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Nunes
- Genes, Disease and Therapy Program, Molecular Genetics Laboratory – IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- U730 and U731, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Barcelona, Spain
- Genetics Section, Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Palacín
- U730 and U731, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francois Verrey
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research Kidney.CH, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Kloeckener-Gruissem
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Berger W, Blaiss M, Stiell I, Moellman J, Klausner H, Caterino J, Suner S, Kessler A, Du J. INTRAVENOUS (IV) CETIRIZINE SHOWS GREATER OVERALL BENEFIT TO IV DIPHENHYDRAMINE FOR ACUTE URTICARIA. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.09.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gabler L, Gojo J, Lötsch D, Kirchhofer D, van Schoonhoven S, Stojanovic M, Schmidt HM, Ensle D, Czech T, Haberler C, Slavc I, Spiegl-Kreinecker S, Berger W. P04.51 TERT promoter mutation-driven TERT activation is mediated by ETS1 in BRAF V600E mutated glioma. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy139.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Gabler
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensice Cancer Center-Central Nervous System Tumors Unit, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Gojo
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Lötsch
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Kirchhofer
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - S van Schoonhoven
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Stojanovic
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - H M Schmidt
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Ensle
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - T Czech
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Haberler
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - I Slavc
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - W Berger
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensice Cancer Center-Central Nervous System Tumors Unit, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
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Loetsch D, Gojo J, Kirchhofer D, van Schoonhoven S, Pajtler K, Kool M, Haberler C, Czech T, Slavc I, Berger W. OS5.2 FGFR a novel target in malignant pediatric ependymoma. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy139.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Loetsch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Gojo
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Kirchhofer
- Institute of Cancer Research, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - K Pajtler
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Kool
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Haberler
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - T Czech
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - I Slavc
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - W Berger
- Institute of Cancer Research, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Gerth-Kahlert C, Maggi J, Töteberg-Harms M, Tiwari A, Budde B, Nürnberg P, Koller S, Berger W. Absence of Goniodysgenesis in Patients with Chromosome 13Q Microdeletion-Related Microcoria. Ophthalmol Glaucoma 2018; 1:145-147. [PMID: 32672565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogla.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordi Maggi
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Marc Töteberg-Harms
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Amit Tiwari
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Budde
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Samuel Koller
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Christe M, Fritschi J, Lämmle B, Tran TH, Marbet GA, Berger W, Duckert F. Fifteen Coagulation and Fibrinolysis Parameters in Diabetes Mellitus and in Patients with Vasculopathy. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1661158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryFifteen haemostasis parameters have been measured in 48 normal persons, 36 diabetics without and 44 with complications and 27 with peripheral arterial disease. Since the patients groups are older than normals, part of the differences are due to age. However, the differences are significant between normals and patients. They become highly significant for the diabetics with complications and nephropathy (Table 7). In diabetics without complications factor VIII functions, fibrinogen and thrombin time are related to age whereas there is a negative correlation for the fibrinolytic activity and antithrombin III. The diabetic complications shade off the correlations, which subsist only for VIIIR: CoF, VIIIR: Ag, ATIII and lysis before stasis. With Hbalc as dependent variable VIIIR:CoF is the only significant predictor variable in diabetics (Table 9).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Christe
- The Gerinnungs- und Fibrinolyselabor, Kantonsspital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Fritschi
- The Gerinnungs- und Fibrinolyselabor, Kantonsspital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - B Lämmle
- The Gerinnungs- und Fibrinolyselabor, Kantonsspital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - T H Tran
- The Gerinnungs- und Fibrinolyselabor, Kantonsspital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - G A Marbet
- The Gerinnungs- und Fibrinolyselabor, Kantonsspital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - W Berger
- The Gerinnungs- und Fibrinolyselabor, Kantonsspital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - F Duckert
- The Gerinnungs- und Fibrinolyselabor, Kantonsspital, Basel, Switzerland
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39
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Christe M, Gattlen P, Fritschi J, Lämmle B, Berger W, Marbet GA, Duckert F. The Contact Phase of Blood Coagulation in Diabetes Mellitus and in Patients with Vasculopathy. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1661181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe contact phase has been studied in diabetics and patients with macroangiopathy. Factor XII and high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) are normal. C1-inhibitor and also α2-macroglobulin are significantly elevated in diabetics with complications, for α1-macroglobulin especially in patients with nephropathy, 137.5% ± 36.0 (p <0.001). C1-inhibitor is also increased in vasculopathy without diabetes 113.2 ± 22.1 (p <0.01).Prekallikrein (PK) is increased in all patients’ groups (Table 2) as compared to normals. PK is particularly high (134% ± 32) in 5 diabetics without macroangiopathy but with sensomotor neuropathy. This difference is remarkable because of the older age of diabetics and the negative correlation of PK with age in normals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Christe
- The Gerinnungs- und Fibrinolyselabor, Kantonsspital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - P Gattlen
- The Gerinnungs- und Fibrinolyselabor, Kantonsspital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Fritschi
- The Gerinnungs- und Fibrinolyselabor, Kantonsspital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - B Lämmle
- The Gerinnungs- und Fibrinolyselabor, Kantonsspital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - W Berger
- The Gerinnungs- und Fibrinolyselabor, Kantonsspital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - G A Marbet
- The Gerinnungs- und Fibrinolyselabor, Kantonsspital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - F Duckert
- The Gerinnungs- und Fibrinolyselabor, Kantonsspital, Basel, Switzerland
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40
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Fritschi J, Christe M, Lämmle B, Marbet GA, Berger W, Duckert F. Platelet Aggregation, β-Thromboglobulin and Platelet Factor 4 in Diabetes Mellitus and in Patients with Vasculopathy. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1661186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryWe have studied 155 subjects, 48 normals, 36 diabetics without complications, 44 with complications and 27 patients with macroangiopathy. β-Thromboglobulin (β-TG) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) are elevated in the patients groups. There is no correlation between the plasma levels of β-TG and the stages of either retinopathy or macroangiopathy or nephropathy. The difference is more marked between normals and diabetics with neuropathy (p = 0.026). The aggregation response to ADP and platelet activating factor (PAF) is enhanced at lower stimulator concentration. Using the β-TG, PF4 and aggregation values the discriminant analysis allows a distinction of several subgroups especially with nephropathy and neuropathy (Table 6).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fritschi
- The Gerinnungs- und Fibrinolyselabor, Zentrallabor, Kantonsspital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Christe
- The Gerinnungs- und Fibrinolyselabor, Zentrallabor, Kantonsspital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - B Lämmle
- The Gerinnungs- und Fibrinolyselabor, Zentrallabor, Kantonsspital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - G A Marbet
- The Gerinnungs- und Fibrinolyselabor, Zentrallabor, Kantonsspital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - W Berger
- The Gerinnungs- und Fibrinolyselabor, Zentrallabor, Kantonsspital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - F Duckert
- The Gerinnungs- und Fibrinolyselabor, Zentrallabor, Kantonsspital, Basel, Switzerland
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41
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Medeiros-Domingo A, Saguner AM, Magyar I, Bahr A, Akdis D, Brunckhorst C, Duru F, Berger W. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: implications of next-generation sequencing in appropriate diagnosis. Europace 2018; 19:1063-1069. [PMID: 27194543 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euw098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To evaluate potential differences in the genetic profile of cases with 'definite', 'borderline', and 'possible' arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) phenotype by 2010 task force criteria using a custom genetic panel after whole-exome analysis. Methods and results We performed whole-exome sequencing in 14 cases with the clinical diagnosis ARVC using an 'Illumina HighSeq 2000' system. We presented our initial results focused on 96 known cardiomyopathy and channelopathy genes. According to the 2010 task force criteria, 7/14 cases (50%) were classified as 'definite' phenotype, 4/14 (29%) were 'borderline', and 3/14 (21%) were diagnosed with the 'possible' phenotype. Nine out of 14 patients (64%) were males, and all were Caucasians, with an average age at genetic diagnosis of 50 ± 15 years. Among the seven cases with the 'definite' phenotype, six (86%) had a putative desmosomal mutation, while none of the seven patients with a 'possible' or borderline task force classification phenotype hosted putative mutations in desmosomal genes. Four (57%) of them had rare variants in other dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) genes. Conclusions Most of the patients with 'definite' ARVC phenotype by task force 2010 host mutations in desmosomal genes. Weaker ARVC phenotypes host variants/mutations in other DCM genes and result in a disease spectrum, including DCM or phenocopies of ARVC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ardan M Saguner
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - István Magyar
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Angela Bahr
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Deniz Akdis
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Corinna Brunckhorst
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Firat Duru
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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42
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Beck SC, Karlstetter M, Garcia Garrido M, Feng Y, Dannhausen K, Mühlfriedel R, Sothilingam V, Seebauer B, Berger W, Hammes HP, Seeliger MW, Langmann T. Cystoid edema, neovascularization and inflammatory processes in the murine Norrin-deficient retina. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5970. [PMID: 29654250 PMCID: PMC5899099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24476-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the Norrin (NDP) gene cause severe developmental blood vessel defects in the retina leading to congenital blindness. In the retina of Ndph-knockout mice only the superficial capillary network develops. Here, a detailed characterization of this mouse model at late stages of the disease using in vivo retinal imaging revealed cystoid structures that closely resemble the ovoid cysts in the inner nuclear layer of the human retina with cystoid macular edema (CME). In human CME an involvement of Müller glia cells is hypothesized. In Ndph-knockout retinae we could demonstrate that activated Müller cells were located around and within these cystoid spaces. In addition, we observed extensive activation of retinal microglia and development of neovascularization. Furthermore, ex vivo analyses detected extravasation of monocytic cells suggesting a breakdown of the blood retina barrier. Thus, we could demonstrate that also in the developmental retinal vascular pathology present in the Ndph-knockout mouse inflammatory processes are active and may contribute to further retinal degeneration. This observation delivers a new perspective for curative treatments of retinal vasculopathies. Modulation of inflammatory responses might reduce the symptoms and improve visual acuity in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne C Beck
- Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Marcus Karlstetter
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, D-50931, Cologne, Germany.,Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Marina Garcia Garrido
- Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Yuxi Feng
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68169, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katharina Dannhausen
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, D-50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Regine Mühlfriedel
- Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Vithiyanjali Sothilingam
- Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Britta Seebauer
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68169, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mathias W Seeliger
- Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Langmann
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, D-50931, Cologne, Germany
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Domarco O, Lötsch D, Schreiber J, Dinhof C, Van Schoonhoven S, García MD, Peinador C, Keppler BK, Berger W, Terenzi A. Self-assembled Pt 2L 2 boxes strongly bind G-quadruplex DNA and influence gene expression in cancer cells. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:329-332. [PMID: 27918050 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03876j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular Pt(ii) quadrangular boxes bind native and G-quadruplex DNA motifs in a size-dependent fashion. Three Pt molecular squares of distinct size show biological activity against cancer cells and heavily influence the expression of genes known to form G-quadruplexes in their promoter regions. The smallest Pt-box displays less activity but more selectivity for a quadruplex formed in the c-Kit gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Domarco
- Universidade da Coruña, Departamento de Química Fundamental and Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas, Facultade de Ciencias, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain.
| | - D Lötsch
- Medical University Vienna, Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - J Schreiber
- Medical University Vienna, Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - C Dinhof
- Medical University Vienna, Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - S Van Schoonhoven
- Medical University Vienna, Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - M D García
- Universidade da Coruña, Departamento de Química Fundamental and Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas, Facultade de Ciencias, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain.
| | - C Peinador
- Universidade da Coruña, Departamento de Química Fundamental and Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas, Facultade de Ciencias, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain.
| | - B K Keppler
- University of Vienna, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Waehringerstrasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria and Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - W Berger
- Medical University Vienna, Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria and Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - A Terenzi
- University of Vienna, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Waehringerstrasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria and Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Gerstmayr J, Lang E, Falch D, Pirker C, Laszlo V, Dome B, Klepetko W, Hoda M, Berger W, Grusch M. MA 19.07 Does Loss of Smad7 Lead to Increased Aggressiveness of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma? J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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LaRosa C, Chiaravalloti A, Jinna S, Berger W, Finch J. Laser treatment of medical skin disease in women. Int J Womens Dermatol 2017; 3:131-139. [PMID: 28831422 PMCID: PMC5555278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Laser treatment is a relatively new and increasingly popular modality for the treatment of many dermatologic conditions. A number of conditions that predominantly occur in women and that have a paucity of effective treatments include rosacea, connective tissue disease, melasma, nevus of Ota, lichen sclerosus (LS), notalgia paresthetica and macular amyloidosis, and syringomas. Laser therapy is an important option for the treatment of patients with these conditions. This article will review the body of literature that exists for the laser treatment of women with these medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C LaRosa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - A Chiaravalloti
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - S Jinna
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - W Berger
- Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, North, Haven, CT
| | - J Finch
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
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Gerth-Kahlert C, Tiwari A, Hauri-Hohl MM, Hanson JVM, Bahr A, Palmowski-Wolfe A, Güngör T, Berger W. Unusual retinopathy in a child with severe combined immune deficiency. Ophthalmic Genet 2017; 39:92-94. [PMID: 28812413 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2017.1350721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We describe a case of an infant diagnosed with severe combined immune deficiency (Adenosine Deaminase (ADA), SCID) with severe retinopathy and associated low vision in both eyes at first examination. An extensive infectious work up revealed an enterovirus infection, which suggested an early infectious and severe retinopathy. Genetic causes of congenital retinitis pigmentosa/ Leber's congenital amaurosis could be excluded by whole exome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amit Tiwari
- b Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics , University of Zurich , Schlieren , Switzerland
| | - Mathias M Hauri-Hohl
- c Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Children`s Research Center , University Children's Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - James V M Hanson
- a Department of Ophthalmology , University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Angela Bahr
- b Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics , University of Zurich , Schlieren , Switzerland
| | | | - Tayfun Güngör
- c Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Children`s Research Center , University Children's Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- b Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics , University of Zurich , Schlieren , Switzerland.,e Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology , University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,f Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
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47
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Stäubli A, Capatina N, Fuhrer Y, Munier FL, Labs S, Schorderet DF, Tiwari A, Verrey F, Heon E, Cheng CY, Wong TY, Berger W, Camargo SMR, Kloeckener-Gruissem B. Abnormal creatine transport of mutations in monocarboxylate transporter 12 (MCT12) found in patients with age-related cataract can be partially rescued by exogenous chaperone CD147. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:4203-4214. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Gerth-Kahlert C, Tiwari A, Hanson JVM, Batmanabane V, Traboulsi E, Pennesi ME, Al-Qahtani AA, Lam BL, Heckenlively J, Zweifel SA, Vincent A, Fierz F, Barthelmes D, Branham K, Khan N, Bahr A, Baehr L, Magyar I, Koller S, Azzarello-Burri S, Niedrist D, Heon E, Berger W. C2orf71 Mutations as a Frequent Cause of Autosomal-Recessive Retinitis Pigmentosa: Clinical Analysis and Presentation of 8 Novel Mutations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 58:3840-3850. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-21597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amit Tiwari
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - James V. M. Hanson
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vaishnavi Batmanabane
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital of Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elias Traboulsi
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, United States
| | - Mark E. Pennesi
- Casey Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Abdullah A. Al-Qahtani
- Casey Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States 6King Fahd University Hospital, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Byron L. Lam
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, United States
| | - John Heckenlively
- University of Michigan Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Sandrine A. Zweifel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ajoy Vincent
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital of Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Fabienne Fierz
- Eye Clinic, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Barthelmes
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kari Branham
- University of Michigan Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Naheed Khan
- University of Michigan Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Angela Bahr
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Luzy Baehr
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - István Magyar
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Koller
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | - Dunja Niedrist
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Elise Heon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital of Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland 11Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 12Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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49
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Beck SC, Feng Y, Sothilingam V, Garcia Garrido M, Tanimoto N, Acar N, Shan S, Seebauer B, Berger W, Hammes HP, Seeliger MW. Long-term consequences of developmental vascular defects on retinal vessel homeostasis and function in a mouse model of Norrie disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178753. [PMID: 28575130 PMCID: PMC5456345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of Norrin signalling due to mutations in the Norrie disease pseudoglioma gene causes severe vascular defects in the retina, leading to visual impairment and ultimately blindness. While the emphasis of experimental work so far was on the developmental period, we focus here on disease mechanisms that induce progression into severe adult disease. The goal of this study was the comprehensive analysis of the long-term effects of the absence of Norrin on vascular homeostasis and retinal function. In a mouse model of Norrie disease retinal vascular morphology and integrity were studied by means of in vivo angiography; the vascular constituents were assessed in detailed histological analyses using quantitative retinal morphometry. Finally, electroretinographic analyses were performed to assess the retinal function in adult Norrin deficient animals. We could show that the primary developmental defects not only persisted but developed into further vascular abnormalities and microangiopathies. In particular, the overall vessel homeostasis, the vascular integrity, and also the cellular constituents of the vascular wall were affected in the adult Norrin deficient retina. Moreover, functional analyses indicated to persistent hypoxia in the neural retina which was suggested as one of the major driving forces of disease progression. In summary, our data provide evidence that the key to adult Norrie disease are ongoing vascular modifications, driven by the persistent hypoxic conditions, which are ineffective to compensate for the primary Norrin-dependent defects.
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MESH Headings
- Angiography
- Animals
- Blindness/congenital
- Blindness/diagnostic imaging
- Blindness/genetics
- Blindness/pathology
- Capillaries/pathology
- Cell Hypoxia
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Electroretinography
- Eye Proteins/genetics
- Eye Proteins/physiology
- Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/diagnostic imaging
- Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/genetics
- Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/pathology
- Lasers
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/etiology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/deficiency
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/physiology
- Nervous System Diseases/diagnostic imaging
- Nervous System Diseases/genetics
- Nervous System Diseases/pathology
- Ophthalmoscopy/methods
- Retinal Degeneration
- Retinal Vessels/diagnostic imaging
- Retinal Vessels/pathology
- Spasms, Infantile/diagnostic imaging
- Spasms, Infantile/genetics
- Spasms, Infantile/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne C. Beck
- Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, Tuebingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuxi Feng
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vithiyanjali Sothilingam
- Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marina Garcia Garrido
- Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Naoyuki Tanimoto
- Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Niyazi Acar
- Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Shenliang Shan
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Britta Seebauer
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mathias W. Seeliger
- Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, Tuebingen, Germany
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50
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Urry E, Jetter A, Holst SC, Berger W, Spinas GA, Langhans W, Landolt HP. A case-control field study on the relationships among type 2 diabetes, sleepiness and habitual caffeine intake. J Psychopharmacol 2017; 31:233-242. [PMID: 27649774 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116668595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the possible links between type 2 diabetes, daytime sleepiness, sleep quality and caffeine consumption. METHODS In this case-control field study, comparing type 2 diabetic ( n=134) and non-type 2 diabetic ( n=230) participants, subjects completed detailed and validated questionnaires to assess demographic status, health, daytime sleepiness, sleep quality and timing, diurnal preference, mistimed circadian rhythms and habitual caffeine intake. All participants gave saliva under standardised conditions for CYP1A2 genotyping and quantification of caffeine concentration. Hierarchical linear regression analyses examined whether type 2 diabetes status was associated with caffeine consumption. RESULTS Type 2 diabetic participants reported greater daytime sleepiness ( p=0.001), a higher prevalence of sleep apnoea ( p=0.005) and napping ( p=0.008), and greater habitual caffeine intake ( p<0.001), derived from the consumption of an extra cup of coffee each day. This finding was confirmed by higher saliva caffeine concentration at bedtime ( p=0.01). Multiple regression analyses revealed that type 2 diabetes status was associated with higher self-reported caffeine consumption ( p<0.02) and higher salivary caffeine ( p<0.02). Next to male sex, type 2 diabetes status was the strongest predictor of caffeine intake. Subjective sleep and circadian estimates were similar between case and control groups. CONCLUSIONS Type 2 diabetic patients may self-medicate with caffeine to alleviate daytime sleepiness. High caffeine intake reflects a lifestyle factor that may be considered when promoting type 2 diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Urry
- 1 Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,2 Zürich Center for interdisciplinary Sleep Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,3 Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Jetter
- 4 Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian C Holst
- 1 Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,2 Zürich Center for interdisciplinary Sleep Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- 5 Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Giatgen A Spinas
- 6 Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Langhans
- 3 Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter Landolt
- 1 Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,2 Zürich Center for interdisciplinary Sleep Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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