|
1
|
Kang Q, He L, Zhang Y, Zhong Z, Tan W. Immune-inflammatory modulation by natural products derived from edible and medicinal herbs used in Chinese classical prescriptions. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155684. [PMID: 38788391 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Edible and medicinal herbs1 (EMHs) refer to a class of substances with dual attribution of food and medicine. These substances are traditionally used as food and also listed in many international pharmacopoeias, including the European Pharmacopoeia, the United States Pharmacopoeia, and the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Some classical formulas that are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine include a series of EMHs, which have been shown to be effective with obvious characteristics and advantages. Notably, these EMHs and Chinese classical prescriptions2 (CCPs) have also attracted attention in international herbal medicine research because of their low toxicity and high efficiency as well as the rich body of experience for their long-term clinical use. PURPOSE Our purpose is to explore the potential therapeutic effect of EMHs with immune-inflammatory modulation for the study of modern cancer drugs. STUDY DESIGN In the present study, we present a detailed account of some EMHs used in CCPs that have shown considerable research potential in studies exploring modern drugs with immune-inflammatory modulation. METHODS Approximately 500 publications in the past 30 years were collected from PubMed, Web of Science and ScienceDirect using the keywords, such as natural products, edible and medicinal herbs, Chinese medicine, classical prescription, immune-inflammatory, tumor microenvironment and some related synonyms. The active ingredients instead of herbal extracts or botanical mixtures were focused on and the research conducted over the past decade were discussed emphatically and analyzed comprehensively. RESULTS More than ten natural products derived from EMHs used in CCPs are discussed and their immune-inflammatory modulation activities, including enhancing antitumor immunity, regulating inflammatory signaling pathways, lowering the proportion of immunosuppressive cells, inhibiting the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, immunosuppressive factors, and inflammatory mediators, are summarized. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the immune-inflammatory modulating role of those EMHs used in CCPs and provide new ideas for cancer treatment in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianming Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Luying He
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China.
| | - Wen Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Xu M, Zhang D, Yan J. Targeting ferroptosis using Chinese herbal compounds to treat respiratory diseases. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155738. [PMID: 38824825 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory diseases pose a grave threat to human life. Therefore, understanding their pathogenesis and therapeutic strategy is important. Ferroptosis is a novel type of iron-dependent programmed cell death, distinct from apoptosis, necroptosis, and autophagy, characterised by iron, reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxide accumulation, as well as glutathione (GSH) depletion and GSH peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inactivation. A close association between ferroptosis and the onset and progression of respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute lung injury, bronchial asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, and lung cancer, has been reported. Recent studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compounds exhibit unique advantages in the treatment of respiratory diseases owing to their natural properties and potential efficacy. These compounds can effectively regulate ferroptosis by modulating several key signalling pathways such as system Xc- -GSH-GPX4, NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy, Nrf2-GPX4, and Nrf2/HO-1, thus playing a positive role in improving respiratory diseases. PURPOSE This comprehensive review systematically outlines the regulatory role of ferroptosis in the onset and progression of respiratory diseases and provides evidence for treating respiratory diseases by targeting ferroptosis with TCM compounds. These insights aim to offer potential remedies for the clinical prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We searched scientific databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and CNKI using keywords such as "ferroptosis","respiratory diseases","chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","bronchial asthma","acute lung injury","pulmonary fibrosis","lung cancer","traditional Chinese medicine","traditional Chinese medicine compound","monomer", and "natural product" to retrieve studies on the therapeutic potential of TCM compounds in ameliorating respiratory diseases by targeting ferroptosis. The retrieved data followed PRISMA criteria (preferred reporting items for systematic review). RESULTS TCM compounds possess unique advantages in treating respiratory diseases, stemming from their natural origins and proven clinical effectiveness. TCM compounds can exert therapeutic effects on respiratory diseases by regulating ferroptosis, which mainly involves modulation of pathways such as system Xc- -GSH-GPX4,NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy, Nrf2-GPX4, and Nrf2/HO-1. CONCLUSION TCM compounds have demonstrated promising potential in improving respiratory diseases through the regulation of ferroptosis. The identification of specific TCM-related inducers and inhibitors of ferroptosis holds great significance in developing more effective strategies. However, current research remains confined to animal and cellular studies, emphasizing the imperative for further verifications through high-quality clinical data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Xu
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Zhou Y, Gu J, Li J, Zhang H, Wang M, Li Y, Wang T, Wang J, Shi R. Obacunone, a Promising Phytochemical Triterpenoid: Research Progress on Its Pharmacological Activity and Mechanism. Molecules 2024; 29:1791. [PMID: 38675611 PMCID: PMC11054759 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obacunone, a natural triterpenoid, is an active component of the herbs Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. and Phellodendron amurense Rupr, and an indicator of the herbs' quality. Owing to its multiple health benefits, several studies have investigated the multi-targeting potential action mechanisms of obacunone. To summarize recent developments on the pharmacological actions of obacunone and focus on the underlying molecular mechanisms and signaling networks, we searched PubMed, Europe PMC, Wiley Online Library, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Wanfang Medical Network, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure for articles published prior to March 2024. Existing research indicates obacunone has great potential to become a promising therapeutic option against tumors, fibrotic diseases, bone and cholesterol metabolism diseases, and infections of pathogenic microorganisms, among others. The paper contributes to providing up-to-date references for further research and clinical applications of obacunone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Zhou
- Science and Technology Experimental Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (H.Z.); (M.W.); (J.W.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jifeng Gu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Department of Pharmacy, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Science and Technology Experimental Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (H.Z.); (M.W.); (J.W.)
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huishan Zhang
- Science and Technology Experimental Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (H.Z.); (M.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Mei Wang
- Science and Technology Experimental Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (H.Z.); (M.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Tianming Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Jiajie Wang
- Science and Technology Experimental Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (H.Z.); (M.W.); (J.W.)
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200021, China
| | - Rong Shi
- Science and Technology Experimental Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (H.Z.); (M.W.); (J.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Kim HJ, Kim SY, Bae HJ, Choi YY, An JY, Cho YE, Cho SY, Lee SJ, Lee S, Sin M, Yun YM, Lee JR, Park SJ. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the LK5 Herbal Complex on LPS- and IL-4/IL-13-Stimulated HaCaT Cells and a DNCB-Induced Animal Model of Atopic Dermatitis in BALB/c Mice. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:40. [PMID: 38258052 PMCID: PMC10821371 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease influenced by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. The activation of the JAK-STAT pathway increases the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13, further deteriorating AD. Therefore, for the treatment of AD, the JAK-STAT pathway is emerging as a significant target, alongside inflammatory cytokines. This study investigates the potential therapeutic effects of a novel herbal complex, LK5, composed of Scutellaria baicalensis, Liriope platyphylla, Sophora flavescens, Dictammus dasycarpus, and Phellodendron schneider, known for their anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating properties. We examined the anti-inflammatory and anti-AD effects of the LK5 herbal complex in HaCaT cells stimulated by LPS and IL-4/IL-13, as well as in a mouse model of AD induced by DNCB. In HaCaT cells stimulated with LPS or IL-4/IL-13, the LK5 herbal complex demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and downregulating the phosphorylation of STAT proteins. In a murine AD-like model induced by DNCB, administration of the LK5 herbal complex significantly ameliorated clinical symptoms, including dermatitis, ear thickness, and TEWL. Histological analysis revealed a reduction in epidermal thickness and mast cell infiltration. The LK5 herbal complex also inhibited pruritus induced by compound 48/80. Furthermore, the LK5 herbal complex treatment significantly decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines such as TSLP, IL-6, and IgE in plasma and ear tissue of AD-induced mice. These findings suggest that the LK5 herbal complex may modulate the immune response and alleviate AD symptoms by inhibiting STAT pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jeong Kim
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.); (Y.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.A.); (Y.E.C.); (S.-Y.C.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - So-Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.); (Y.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.A.); (Y.E.C.); (S.-Y.C.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Ho Jung Bae
- Agriculture and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yu-Yeong Choi
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.); (Y.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.A.); (Y.E.C.); (S.-Y.C.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Ju-Yeon An
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.); (Y.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.A.); (Y.E.C.); (S.-Y.C.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Ye Eun Cho
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.); (Y.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.A.); (Y.E.C.); (S.-Y.C.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - So-Young Cho
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.); (Y.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.A.); (Y.E.C.); (S.-Y.C.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Su-Jung Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.); (Y.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.A.); (Y.E.C.); (S.-Y.C.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea;
| | - MinSub Sin
- LK Co., Ltd., Hwaseong 18469, Republic of Korea; (M.S.); (Y.M.Y.); (J.R.L.)
| | - Young Min Yun
- LK Co., Ltd., Hwaseong 18469, Republic of Korea; (M.S.); (Y.M.Y.); (J.R.L.)
| | - Jong Ryul Lee
- LK Co., Ltd., Hwaseong 18469, Republic of Korea; (M.S.); (Y.M.Y.); (J.R.L.)
| | - Se Jin Park
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.); (Y.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.A.); (Y.E.C.); (S.-Y.C.); (S.-J.L.)
- Agriculture and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea;
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
|
5
|
Zheng W, Yang S, Chen X. The pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of obacunone from citrus fruits: A comprehensive narrative review. Fitoterapia 2023; 169:105569. [PMID: 37315716 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Limonoids are a class of oxygenated terpenoids that exist mainly in citrus fruits. As a kind of limonoid, obacunone has attracted more and more researchers' attention because of its extensive pharmacological activities. The purpose of the narrative review is to systematically review relevant studies on the pharmacological effects and pharmacokinetic characteristics of obacunone to provide researchers with the latest and useful information. Pharmacological studies have shown that obacunone has a variety of pharmacological activities, such as anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes, neuroprotection, antibiosis, and antivirus. Among them, the anticancer effect is the most prominent. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that the oral bioavailability of obacunone is low. This indicates the presence of high first-pass metabolism. We hope that this paper can help relevant scholars understand the progress in pharmacological and pharmacokinetic research of obacunone and help the further development of obacunone as a functional food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400011, PR China
| | - Shi Yang
- Cardiovascular Department, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400011, PR China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing Jiangbei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400020, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
6
|
Hu H, Wang X, Huang Y, He B, Zhu J, Sun K, Deng C, Guo Y, Hao D, Jian B. Obacunone inhibits RANKL/M-CSF-mediated osteoclastogenesis by suppressing integrin- FAK-Src signaling. Cytokine 2023; 164:156134. [PMID: 36804257 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Disrupted osteoblastogenesis or aberrant activation of osteoclastogenesis usually results in the break of bone homeostasis thus causing bone-associated diseases like osteoporosis. Obacunone, as a natural compound present in citrus fruits, has been demonstrated for various biological activities including anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the role of obacunone in regulating osteoclastogenesis has not been elucidated so far. Here, using in vitro cell models of RANKL (Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand) and M-CSF (Macrophage-colony-stimulating factor)-induced osteoclastogenesis, we showed that obacunone inhibited osteoclast differentiation in RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow macrophages (BMMs), as evidenced by obacunone dose-dependent reduction in numbers of osteoclasts and downregulated expressions of osteoclastogenesis-associated key genes. The anti-osteoclastic properties of obacunone were associated with downregulated expressions of Integrin α1 and attenuated activation of Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Steroid receptor coactivator (Src) signaling. Functional Integrin α1 blockade or FAK-Src inhibition suppressed RANKL/M-CSF-induced osteoclastogenesis, while Integrin α1 overexpression or FAK/Src activation partially attenuated obacunone's effects on suppressing RANKL/M-CSF-induced osteoclast differentiation. Furthermore, in vivo administration of obacunone displayed super therapeutic effects in attenuating ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice, as indicated by decreases in serum biomarkers of bone turnover, restoring of femur fracture maximum force, and reversing of the worsened bone-related parameters in ovariectomized animals. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that obacunone has pharmacological activities to suppress osteoclast differentiation through modulating the Integrin-FAK-Src pathway, and suggest that obacunone is a therapeutic candidate for the treatment and prevention of bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, No.555 Youyi East Road, Beilin District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, No.555 Youyi East Road, Beilin District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Yansheng Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, No.555 Youyi East Road, Beilin District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Baorong He
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, No.555 Youyi East Road, Beilin District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Jinwen Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, No.555 Youyi East Road, Beilin District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, No.555 Youyi East Road, Beilin District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Chaoyang Deng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, No.555 Youyi East Road, Beilin District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Yunshan Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, No.555 Youyi East Road, Beilin District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, No.555 Youyi East Road, Beilin District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province 710054, China.
| | - Bin Jian
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine and West Medicine, Honghui Hospital, No.555 Youyi East Road, Beilin District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province 710054, China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
7
|
Joshi RK. Bioactive Usual and Unusual Triterpenoids Derived from Natural Sources Used in Traditional Medicine. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200853. [PMID: 36598091 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Triterpenoids are accessible in several terrestrial plants as well as marine organisms, including sponges, algae, fungi, and sea cucumbers are examples of marine creatures. So far, more than 20,000 natural triterpenoids have exhibited several varied bioactivities, including anticancer, antimalarial, anti-HIV, inhibit HIF-1 activation, antibacterial, chemopreventive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardioprotective, antiviral, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, insecticidal, antidiabetic, cytotoxic. Several plants are used in folklore medicine to treat numerous ailments, and the preparation or uses of traditional practices have been scientifically validated. Although various structural diversity has been observed in the triterpenoids, this review presents the sources and uses of those triterpenoids that showed significant biological activities which could be accessible and promoted to familiar people in the form of traditional medicine or for industrial, or pharmaceutical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh K Joshi
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Karnataka, 590010, India
| |
Collapse
|
|
8
|
De La Peña R, Hodgson H, Liu JCT, Stephenson MJ, Martin AC, Owen C, Harkess A, Leebens-Mack J, Jimenez LE, Osbourn A, Sattely ES. Complex scaffold remodeling in plant triterpene biosynthesis. Science 2023; 379:361-368. [PMID: 36701471 PMCID: PMC9976607 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Triterpenes with complex scaffold modifications are widespread in the plant kingdom. Limonoids are an exemplary family that are responsible for the bitter taste in citrus (e.g., limonin) and the active constituents of neem oil, a widely used bioinsecticide (e.g., azadirachtin). Despite the commercial value of limonoids, a complete biosynthetic route has not been described. We report the discovery of 22 enzymes, including a pair of neofunctionalized sterol isomerases, that catalyze 12 distinct reactions in the total biosynthesis of kihadalactone A and azadirone, products that bear the signature limonoid furan. These results enable access to valuable limonoids and provide a template for discovery and reconstitution of triterpene biosynthetic pathways in plants that require multiple skeletal rearrangements and oxidations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo De La Peña
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hannah Hodgson
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | | | - Michael J Stephenson
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Azahara C Martin
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Charlotte Owen
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Alex Harkess
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Jim Leebens-Mack
- Department of Plant Biology, 4505 Miller Plant Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Luis E Jimenez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anne Osbourn
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Elizabeth S Sattely
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
9
|
Zhou Z, Yan Y, Li H, Feng Y, Huang C, Fan S. Nomilin and Its Analogues in Citrus Fruits: A Review of Its Health Promotion Effects and Potential Application in Medicine. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010269. [PMID: 36615463 PMCID: PMC9822165 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nomilin is one of the major limonoids, which are plant secondary metabolites also known as tetranortriterpenoids. Nomilin is found mostly in common edible citrus fruits including lemons, limes, oranges, grapefruits, mandarins, along with traditional Chinese medicines derived from citrus fruits, such as tangerine seed, tangerine peel, fructus aurantii immaturus, etc. A number of studies have demonstrated that nomilin and its analogues exhibit a variety of biological and pharmacological activities. These include anti-cancer, immune-modulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-viral, anti-osteoclastogenic, anti-oxidant, and neuro-protective effects. Thus, nomilin and its analogues have emerged as a potential therapy for human diseases. The purpose of this review is to chronicle the evolution of nomilin research from examining its history, structure, occurrence, to its pharmacological and disease-preventing properties as well as its potential utilization in medicine and food science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cheng Huang
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (S.F.); Tel.: +86-21-51323194 (C.H.); Fax: 86-21-51322192 (C.H.)
| | - Shengjie Fan
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (S.F.); Tel.: +86-21-51323194 (C.H.); Fax: 86-21-51322192 (C.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
10
|
ADAM10 and ADAM17 as Biomarkers Linked to Inflammation, Metabolic Disorders and Colorectal Cancer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4517-4527. [PMID: 36286024 PMCID: PMC9600049 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44100309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ADAM10 and ADAM17 have a role in inflammation and diseases associated with inflammation, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) or cancer, e.g., colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether ADAM10 and ADAM17 could be biomarkers of CRC. To achieve this goal, CRC tumors and a surgical margin from 72 patients with CRC were collected. The concentration of ADAM proteins was measured by the ELISA method. Results were analyzed statistically and compared with selected clinical parameters. We found that ADAM17 protein concentration in the tumor samples was higher in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) (0.28 vs. 0.2 ng/µg protein; p = 0.01) and in the surgical margin was higher both in patients with coexisting DMT2 (0.22 vs. 0.16 ng/µg protein; p < 0.05) and CVD (0.21 vs. 0.13 ng/µg protein; p < 0.01). The concentration of ADAM10 was higher in the surgical margin than in the tumor (249.34 vs. 228.82 pg/µg protein), and the concentration of ADAM17 was higher in the tumor than in the margin (0.23 vs. 0.18 ng/µg protein), but results were not statistically significant. In conclusion, the results of our study indicate that ADAM10 and ADAM17 may be potential biomarkers in cancer linked with DMT2 and CVD as diseases associated with inflammation.
Collapse
|
|
11
|
Tang R, Peng X, Zhou X, Zheng Z, Yin J, Liu H. Mechanism of the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Sini Powder and Tong Xie Yao Fang Decoction Based on Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:3598856. [PMID: 35399629 PMCID: PMC8993579 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3598856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study used a network pharmacology approach to investigate the potential active ingredients of Sini Powder and Tong xie yao fang decoction and the underlying mechanisms in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) treatment. The potential active ingredients of Sini Powder and Tong xie yao fang decoction were obtained from TCMSP databases, and the potential targets of the active ingredients were predicted and analyzed by using the Swiss Target Prediction database. T Genecard, DisGeNET, and OMIM databases were processed to screen the potential therapeutic targets in IBS. The interaction of overlapped candidates between the potential biotarget of herb extracts and the potential therapeutic target of IBS were analyzed by STRING website and visualized by the Cytoscape V3.8.0 software. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Genomics and Genomics Encyclopedia (KEGG) pathway were processed to categorize and map the potential biofunctions and effects of these candidates by using David database. Result. There were 139 predicted active components and 248 related biotargets of Sini Powder and Tong xie yao fang decoction which were involved in IBS treatment, and 522 annotations and 101 related pathways are obtained by enrichment analysis (P < 0.01, FDR < 0.05). The underlying mechanisms of Sini Powder and Tong xie yao fang decoction may be related to neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, calcium, cAMP, and HIF-1 signaling pathways. In conclusion, our results showed that the effect and mechanism of Sini Powder and Tong xie yao fang decoction in IBS treatment were in multi-ingredient, multitargets and multipathways, which would provide several potential and promising strategies for the further research and development of Sini Powder and Tong xie yao fang decoction on IBS treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Panfu Road 1, Guangzhou 510180, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqing Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Panfu Road 1, Guangzhou 510180, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Panfu Road 1, Guangzhou 510180, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhimin Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Panfu Road 1, Guangzhou 510180, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayu Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Panfu Road 1, Guangzhou 510180, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Gonghexiheng Street 1, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|