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Ahmad F, Gupta A, Marzook H, Woodgett JR, Saleh MA, Qaisar R. Natural compound screening predicts novel GSK-3 isoform-specific inhibitors. Biochimie 2024; 225:68-80. [PMID: 38723940 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) plays important roles in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular, metabolic, neurological disorders and cancer. Isoform-specific loss of either GSK-3α or GSK-3β often provides cytoprotective effects under such clinical conditions. However, available synthetic small molecule inhibitors are relatively non-specific, and their chronic use may lead to adverse effects. Therefore, screening for natural compound inhibitors to identify the isoform-specific inhibitors may provide improved clinical utility. Here, we screened 70 natural compounds to identify novel natural GSK-3 inhibitors employing comprehensive in silico and biochemical approaches. Molecular docking and pharmacokinetics analysis identified two natural compounds Psoralidin and Rosmarinic acid as potential GSK-3 inhibitors. Specifically, Psoralidin and Rosmarinic acid exhibited the highest binding affinities for GSK-3α and GSK-3β, respectively. Consistent with in silico findings, the kinase assay-driven IC50 revealed superior inhibitory effects of Psoralidin against GSK-3α (IC50 = 2.26 μM) vs. GSK-3β (IC50 = 4.23 μM) while Rosmarinic acid was found to be more potent against GSK-3β (IC50 = 2.24 μM) than GSK-3α (IC50 = 5.14 μM). Taken together, these studies show that the identified natural compounds may serve as GSK-3 inhibitors with Psoralidin serving as a better inhibitor for GSK-3α and Rosmarinic for GSK-3β isoform, respectively. Further characterization employing in vitro and preclinical models will be required to test the utility of these compounds as GSK-3 inhibitors for cardiometabolic and neurological disorders and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firdos Ahmad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Cardiovascular Research Group, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Space Medicine Research Group, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Anamika Gupta
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hezlin Marzook
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - James R Woodgett
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohamed A Saleh
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rizwan Qaisar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Cardiovascular Research Group, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Space Medicine Research Group, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Gao T, Liu M, Fu D, Xue Y, Liao J, Yang P, Li X. Allicin treats myocardial infarction in I/R through the promotion of the SHP2 axis to inhibit p-PERK-mediated oxidative stress. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:5207-5223. [PMID: 38460945 PMCID: PMC11006474 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study attempted to explore how allicin reduces oxidative stress levels by promoting SHP2 expression to inhibit p-PERK in I/R mice. METHODS The GEO database and RNA sequencing were used to predict downstream gene. TTC staining was used to visualize the myocardial infarction area. Masson staining was used to assess the level of fibrosis. IF was used to examine the expression of SHP2, CTGF, ROS. RT-PCR analysis was used to quantify the expression of SHP2 mRNA. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of SHP2, p-PERK, MFN1, NLRP3, NOX2, and NOX3. RESULTS GEO and transcriptomic data revealed low expression of SHP2 in the heart tissues I/R mice. In the I/R mouse model, TTC staining result showed that allicin can reduce the area of myocardial infarction; Masson staining results indicated that allicin can reduce fibrosis; Macrophage transcriptome sequencing found SHP2 is a target gene of allicin; Immunofluorescence showed allicin can increase SHP2; qPCR results showed allicin can raise SHP2 mRNA level; Immunofluorescence indicated that allicin can inhibit ROS in myocardial infarction tissue, but the specific SHP2-KD eliminates changes in ROS. Western blot analysis demonstrated allicin can increase SHP2 protein and reduce the expression of p-PERK, MFN1, NLRP3, NOX2, and NOX3; SHP2-KD eliminates the expression differences in p-PERK, MFN1, NLRP3, NOX2, and NOX3. CONCLUSIONS Allicin can modulate p-PERK activation by enhancing the expression of SHP2, thereby inhibiting myocardial ischemia-reperfusion-induced oxidative stress in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
- Department of Integrative Medicine Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mengru Liu
- Department of Integrative Medicine Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dongliang Fu
- Department of Integrative Medicine Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yajun Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Jiangquan Liao
- Department of Integrative Medicine Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Integrative Medicine Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xianlun Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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Guo Q, Jin Y, Chen X, Ye X, Shen X, Lin M, Zeng C, Zhou T, Zhang J. NF-κB in biology and targeted therapy: new insights and translational implications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:53. [PMID: 38433280 PMCID: PMC10910037 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01757-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
NF-κB signaling has been discovered for nearly 40 years. Initially, NF-κB signaling was identified as a pivotal pathway in mediating inflammatory responses. However, with extensive and in-depth investigations, researchers have discovered that its role can be expanded to a variety of signaling mechanisms, biological processes, human diseases, and treatment options. In this review, we first scrutinize the research process of NF-κB signaling, and summarize the composition, activation, and regulatory mechanism of NF-κB signaling. We investigate the interaction of NF-κB signaling with other important pathways, including PI3K/AKT, MAPK, JAK-STAT, TGF-β, Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog, and TLR signaling. The physiological and pathological states of NF-κB signaling, as well as its intricate involvement in inflammation, immune regulation, and tumor microenvironment, are also explicated. Additionally, we illustrate how NF-κB signaling is involved in a variety of human diseases, including cancers, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, neurological diseases, and COVID-19. Further, we discuss the therapeutic approaches targeting NF-κB signaling, including IKK inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, proteasome inhibitors, nuclear translocation inhibitors, DNA binding inhibitors, TKIs, non-coding RNAs, immunotherapy, and CAR-T. Finally, we provide an outlook for research in the field of NF-κB signaling. We hope to present a stereoscopic, comprehensive NF-κB signaling that will inform future research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizi Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Shanghai Cancer Institute & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Ye
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxi Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Teng Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Li T, Wang W, Guo Q, Li J, Tang T, Wang Y, Liu D, Yang K, Li J, Deng K, Wang F, Li H, Wu Z, Guo J, Guo D, Shi Y, Zou J, Sun J, Zhang X, Yang M. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) hydrosol based on serotonergic synapse for insomnia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116984. [PMID: 37532071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) has been widely used as a traditional remedy for insomnia, depression and anxiety in China and Western countries. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that rosemary has important applications in neurological disorders. However, the mechanism of action of rosemary hydrosol in the treatment of insomnia is not known. AIMS OF THE STUDY Insomnia is closely linked to anxiety and depression, and its pathogenesis is related to biology, psychology, and sociology. Rosemary is a natural plant that has been used to treat insomnia and depression and has good biological activity, but its material basis and mechanism for the treatment of insomnia are not clear. Here, we report on the role of aqueous extracts of rosemary in the treatment of insomnia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was based on network pharmacology, using a combination of RNA-sequencing, "quantity-effect" weighting coefficients, and pharmacodynamic experiments. DL-4-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) was intraperitoneally injected into SD rats to replicate the insomnia model with a blank, model, diazepam, and rosemary hydrosol low-, medium-, and high-dose groups were set up for the experiment. The key pathways in the treatment of insomnia with rosemary hydrosol were analyzed by molecular docking, open field assay, ELISA, western-Blot, Rt-PCR, and immunohistochemical assay. RESULTS Rosemary hydrosol was analyzed by GC-MS to identify 19 components. 1579 differential genes were obtained by RNA-Seq analysis, 533 targets for rosemary hydrosol and 2705 targets for insomnia, and 29 key targets were obtained by intersection. The KEGG results were ranked by "quantity-effect" weighting coefficients, resulting in serotonergic synapse was the key pathway for the treatment of insomnia with rosemary hydrosol. Molecular docking results showed that 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1] heptan-2-one, 3-methyl-4-isopropylphenol, caryophyllene, and citronellol of rosemary hydrosol acted synergistically to achieve a therapeutic effect on insomnia. Caryophyllene acts on the HTR1A target by upregulating 5-HT1AR, leading to increased 5-HT release, and upregulation of ADCY5, cAMP, PKA and GABAA at serotonergic synapses; citronellol upregulated ADCY5 and 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1] heptan-2-one, and 3-methyl-4-isopropylphenol up-regulated GABAA to improve insomnia symptoms. In open-field experiments, ELISA kits (5-HT, GABA, and DA), Western-blotting, Rt-PCR and immunohistochemical assay experiments, insomnia rats in the low-, medium- and high-dose groups of rosemary hydrosol showed different degrees of improvement compared with the model group. CONCLUSIONS It was shown that rosemary hydrosol may exert its therapeutic effects on insomnia through serotonergic synapses by combining RNA-Seq, "quantity-effect" weighting coefficients network pharmacology and pharmacodynamic experiments. We have provided a preliminary theoretical study for the development of rosemary hydrosol additive into a beverage for the treatment of insomnia, but it needs to be studied in depth. This study was conducted in rats and the results have limitations and may not apply to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiuting Guo
- Xianyang Vocational Technical College, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tiantian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yujiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ding Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kaixue Deng
- Shaanxi Jianchi Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huiting Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhenfeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianbo Guo
- Shaanxi Province Food and Drug Safety Monitoring Key Laboratory, Shaanxi Institute of Food and Drug Control, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongyan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yajun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junbo Zou
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi, China.
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Zhang Q, Dang YY, Luo X, Fu JJ, Zou ZC, Jia XJ, Zheng GD, Li CW. Kazinol B protects H9c2 cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cardiac injury by modulating the AKT/AMPK/Nrf2 signalling pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:362-371. [PMID: 36740871 PMCID: PMC9904293 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2173247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Kazinol B (KB), an isoprenylated flavan derived from Broussonetia kazinoki Sieb. (Moraceae) root, has long been used in folk medicine. OBJECTIVE This study examines the protective effects of KB and its underlying mechanisms in hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cardiac injury in H9c2 rat cardiac myoblasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS H9c2 cells were incubated with various concentrations of KB (0, 0.3, 1, 3, 10 and 30 μM) for 2 h and then subjected to H/R insults. The protective effects of KB and its underlying mechanisms were explored. RESULTS KB significantly elevated cell viability (1 μM, 1.21-fold; 3 μM, 1.36-fold, and 10 μM, 1.47-fold) and suppressed LDH release (1 μM, 0.77-fold; 3 μM, 0.68-fold, and 10 μM, 0.59-fold) in H/R-induced H9c2 cells. Further, 10 μM KB blocked apoptotic cascades, as shown by the Annexin-V/PI (0.41-fold), DNA fragmentation (0.51-fold), caspase-3 (0.52-fold), PARP activation (0.27-fold) and Bax/Bcl-2 expression (0.28-fold) assays. KB (10 μM) downregulated reactive oxygen species production (0.51-fold) and lipid peroxidation (0.48-fold); it upregulated the activities of GSH-Px (2.08-fold) and SOD (1.72-fold). KB (10 μM) induced Nrf2 nuclear accumulation (1.94-fold) and increased ARE promoter activity (2.15-fold), HO-1 expression (3.07-fold), AKT (3.07-fold) and AMPK (3.07-fold) phosphorylation. Nrf2 knockdown via using Nrf2 siRNA abrogated KB-mediated protective effects against H/R insults. Moreover, pharmacological inhibitors of AKT and AMPK also abrogated KB-induced Nrf2 activation and its protective function. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS KB prevented H/R-induced cardiomyocyte injury via modulating the AKT and AMPK-mediated Nrf2 induction. KB might be a promising drug candidate for managing ischemic cardiac disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Ye Dang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu Luo
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Jun Fu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Cong Zou
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Jing Jia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guo-Dong Zheng
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chu-Wen Li
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhou B, Wang L, Yang S, Liang Y, Zhang Y, Pan X, Li J. Rosmarinic acid treatment protects against lethal H1N1 virus-mediated inflammation and lung injury by promoting activation of the h-PGDS-PGD 2-HO-1 signal axis. Chin Med 2023; 18:139. [PMID: 37891648 PMCID: PMC10612329 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00847-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rosmarinic acid (RosA) is a natural phenolic compound that possesses a wide-range of pharmacological properties. However, the effects of RosA on influenza A virus-mediated acute lung injury remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to explore whether RosA could protect against H1N1 virus-mediated lung injury and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Mice were intragastrically administered with RosA for 2 days before intranasal inoculation of the H1N1 virus (5LD50) for the establishment of an acute lung injury model. At day 7 post-infection (p.i.), gross anatomic lung pathology, lung histopathologic, and lung index (lung weight/body weight) were examined. Luminex assay, multiple immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were performed to detect the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis, respectively. Western blotting and plasmid transfection with hematopoietic-type PGD2 synthase (h-PGDS) overexpression were conducted to elucidate the mechanisms. RESULTS RosA effectively attenuated H1N1 virus-triggered deterioration of gross anatomical morphology, worsened lung histopathology, and elevated lung index. Excessive pro-inflammatory reactions, aberrant alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis, and cytotoxic CD8+ T lung recruitment in the lung tissues induced by H1N1 virus infection were observed to be reduced by RosA treatment. In vitro experiments demonstrated that RosA treatment dose-dependently suppressed the increased levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and apoptosis through inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and P38 MAPK signaling pathways in H1N1 virus-infected A549 cells, which was accompanied by promoting activation of the h-PGDS-PGD2-HO-1 signal axis. Furthermore, we strikingly found that h-PGDS inhibition significantly abrogated the inhibitory effects of RosA on H1N1 virus-mediated activation of NF-κB and P38 MAPK signaling pathways, resulting in diminishing the suppressive effects on the increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines as well as apoptosis. Finally, suppressing h-PGDS prominently abolished the protective effects of RosA on H1N1 virus-mediated severe pneumonia and lung injury. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study demonstrates that RosA is a promising compound to alleviate H1N1 virus-induced severe lung injury through prompting the h-PGDS-PGD2-HO-1 signal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beixian Zhou
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou, 525200, China
| | | | - Sushan Yang
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou, 525200, China
| | - Yueyun Liang
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou, 525200, China
| | - Yuehan Zhang
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou, 525200, China
| | | | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Azhar MK, Anwar S, Hasan GM, Shamsi A, Islam A, Parvez S, Hassan MI. Comprehensive Insights into Biological Roles of Rosmarinic Acid: Implications in Diabetes, Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:4297. [PMID: 37836581 PMCID: PMC10574478 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals are abundantly occurring natural compounds extracted from plant sources. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is an abundant phytochemical of Lamiaceae species with various therapeutic implications for human health. In recent years, natural compounds have gained significant attention as adjuvant and complementary therapies to existing medications for various diseases. RA has gained popularity due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and its roles in various life-threatening conditions, such as cancer, neurodegeneration, diabetes, etc. The present review aims to offer a comprehensive insight into the multifaceted therapeutic properties of RA, including its potential as an anticancer agent, neuroprotective effects, and antidiabetic potential. Based on the available evidences, RA could be considered a potential dietary component for treating various diseases, including cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Khabeer Azhar
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India;
| | - Saleha Anwar
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Gulam Mustafa Hasan
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 364, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (A.I.); (M.I.H.)
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (A.I.); (M.I.H.)
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Salie R, Lopes J, Kotze L, van Aarde R. The cardioprotective effect of S. africana caerulea/Blue Sage in ischaemia and reperfusion induced oxidative stress. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1254561. [PMID: 37818190 PMCID: PMC10561252 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1254561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Since antiquity, alternative herbal remedies, such as S. africana caerulea/Blue Sage (BLS) water infusion extract (WIE) has been used by traditional healers, for the effective treatment of various chronic inflammatory disorders associated with reduced cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms and free radical cellular damage. In the heart, ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) induced oxidative stress becomes an early crucial event in the pathogenesis of ischaemia-reperfusion injury (I/RI) and subsequent heart failure. Purpose/Aim: To investigate whether BLS WIE treatment during ischaemia and/or reperfusion may be cardioprotective. Study design: Isolated perfused rat hearts were exposed to 35 min regional ischaemia (RI) and 60 min reperfusion. The BLS WIE was applied: i) for the last 10 min of RI (PerT) or ii) from onset of reperfusion (PostT) or iii) both (PerT) + (PostT). Methods: Endpoints were functional recovery and infarct size (IS). In another set of experiments, left ventricles were freeze-clamped after RI and 10 min reperfusion for detection of total and phosphorylated p-ERK p44/p42, p-Akt, p-p38-MAPK, p-JNK, Nrf-2, NF-kB, Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and PGC-1α by Western blot analysis. Results: BLS (PostT) significantly increased ERK p44, p-Akt, Nrf-2, and Bcl-2 levels; significantly decreased p-p38-MAPK as well as p-JNK p46 phosphorylation; did not affect Bax levels and significantly decreased Bax/Bcl-2 ratios. This was associated with significantly reduced Caspase-3 levels and increased PGC-1α phosphorylation, particlarly when BLS WIE was administered as PostT. Conclusion: The administration of polyphenol-rich BLS WIE at different stages of ischaemia and/or reperfusion, activate/inhibit several signaling events simultaneously and mediate cardioprotection in a multitarget manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruduwaan Salie
- South African Medical Research Council, Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - John Lopes
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Leon Kotze
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Ruzayda van Aarde
- South African Medical Research Council, Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
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9
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El Midaoui A, Khallouki F, Couture R, Moldovan F, Ismael MA, Ongali B, Akoume MY, Alem C, Ait Boughrous A, Zennouhi W, Roqai MC, Hajji L, Ghzaiel I, Vejux A, Lizard G. Thymus atlanticus: A Source of Nutrients with Numerous Health Benefits and Important Therapeutic Potential for Age-Related Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:4077. [PMID: 37764861 PMCID: PMC10534698 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymus atlanticus (Lamiaceae) is a plant endemic to the Mediterranean basin that is found in significant quantities in the arid regions of Morocco. Thymus atlanticus is used in traditional medicine to treat infectious and non-infectious diseases. It is also used for the isolation of essential oils and for the seasoning of many dishes in the Mediterranean diet. The major constituents of Thymus atlanticus are saponins, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, various simple and hydroxycinnamic phenolic compounds, and terpene compounds. Several of these compounds act on signaling pathways of oxidative stress, inflammation, and blood sugar, which are parameters often dysregulated during aging. Due to its physiochemical characteristics and biological activities, Thymus atlanticus could be used for the prevention and/or treatment of age-related diseases. These different aspects are treated in the present review, and we focused on phytochemistry and major age-related diseases: dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil El Midaoui
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; (R.C.); (B.O.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Meknes 50050, Morocco; (F.K.); (A.A.B.); (W.Z.)
| | - Farid Khallouki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Meknes 50050, Morocco; (F.K.); (A.A.B.); (W.Z.)
| | - Réjean Couture
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; (R.C.); (B.O.)
| | - Florina Moldovan
- Research Center of CHU Sainte Justine, Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (F.M.); (M.Y.A.)
| | | | - Brice Ongali
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; (R.C.); (B.O.)
| | - Marie Yvonne Akoume
- Research Center of CHU Sainte Justine, Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (F.M.); (M.Y.A.)
| | - Chakib Alem
- Research Team in Biochemistry and Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Meknes 20250, Morocco;
| | - Ali Ait Boughrous
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Meknes 50050, Morocco; (F.K.); (A.A.B.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wafa Zennouhi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Meknes 50050, Morocco; (F.K.); (A.A.B.); (W.Z.)
| | - Mhammed Chaoui Roqai
- Ecole des Hautes Etudes de Biotechnologie et de Santé (EHEB), 183 Bd de la Résistance, Casablanca 20250, Morocco;
| | - Lhoussain Hajji
- Laboratory of Bioactives and Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50050, Morocco;
| | - Imen Ghzaiel
- Laboratory “Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism”, Bio-peroxIL/EA7270, Université de Bourgogne/Inserm, 21000 Dijon, France; (I.G.); (A.V.)
| | - Anne Vejux
- Laboratory “Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism”, Bio-peroxIL/EA7270, Université de Bourgogne/Inserm, 21000 Dijon, France; (I.G.); (A.V.)
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Laboratory “Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism”, Bio-peroxIL/EA7270, Université de Bourgogne/Inserm, 21000 Dijon, France; (I.G.); (A.V.)
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10
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Aloisio C, Razola-Díaz MDC, Aznar-Ramos MJ, Longhi MR, Andreatta AE, Verardo V. Optimization of the Extraction Conditions of Bioactive Compounds from Ocimum basilicum Leaves Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction via a Sonotrode. Molecules 2023; 28:5286. [PMID: 37446947 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) leaves are rich in bioactive compounds that present therapeutic benefits for human health. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) is frequently used to obtain phenolic compounds from plants/herbal sources. However, few works have developed multi-variable studies to find the optimal conditions to extract the maximum amount of compounds, especially when applied to UAE via a sonotrode. The purpose of this work was to perform a multi-variable study by employing a Box-Behnken design to collect the highest active compound content from Ocimum basilicum leaves. The efficacy of the design was endorsed by ANOVA. The studied parameters for UAE via a sonotrode were the ethanol/water ratio, amplitude, and time. The analyzed responses were the rosmarinic acid, the sum of phenolic acids, and the sum of phenolic compounds content. The optimal conditions were found to be 50% ethanol/water, 50% amplitude, and 5 min. Twenty bioactive compounds were identified by HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS when the extract was collected by applying the optimal conditions. Ocimum basilicum may be appreciated as a valuable source of important bioactive substances for pharmaceutical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Aloisio
- Ingeniería de Procesos Sustentables, Facultad Regional San Francisco, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, San Francisco 2400, Argentina
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - María Del Carmen Razola-Díaz
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology 'José Matáix', Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento s/n., 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - María José Aznar-Ramos
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology 'José Matáix', Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento s/n., 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Marcela R Longhi
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Alfonsina E Andreatta
- Ingeniería de Procesos Sustentables, Facultad Regional San Francisco, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, San Francisco 2400, Argentina
| | - Vito Verardo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology 'José Matáix', Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento s/n., 18100 Granada, Spain
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11
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Zhou P, Ma YY, Zhao XN, Hua F. Phytochemicals as potential target on thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:207-220. [PMID: 36609715 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are currently the major cause of death and morbidity on a global scale. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is a marker related to metabolism, oxidation, and inflammation induced in CVDs. The overexpression of TXNIP is closely related to the occurrence and development of CVDs. Hence, TXNIP inhibition is critical for reducing the overactivation of its downstream signaling pathway and, as a result, myocardial cell damage. Due to the chemical variety of dietary phytochemicals, they have garnered increased interest for CVDs prevention and therapy. Phytochemicals are a source of medicinal compounds for a variety of conditions, which aids in the development of effective and safe TXNIP-targeting medications. The objective of this article is to find and virtual screen novel safe, effective, and economically viable TXNIP inhibitors from flavonoids, phenols, and alkaloids derived from foods and plants. The results of the docking study revealed that silibinin, rutin, luteolin, baicalin, procyanidin B2, hesperetin, icariin, and tilianin in flavonoids, polydatin, resveratrol, and salidroside in phenols, and neferine in alkaloids had the highest Vina scores, indicating that these compounds are the active chemicals on TXNIP. In particular, silibinin can be utilized as a lead chemical in the process of structural alteration. These dietary phytochemicals may aid in the discovery of lead compounds for the development of innovative TXNIP agents for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Yao Ma
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ni Zhao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Hua
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Xinhua University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Dahchour A. Anxiolytic and antidepressive potentials of rosmarinic acid: A review with a focus on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106421. [PMID: 36096427 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are the most prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders that have emerged as global health concerns. Anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs, such as benzodiazepines, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and tricyclics, are the first line used in treating anxiety and depression. Although these drugs lack efficacy and have a delayed response time and numerous side effects, their widespread abuse and market continue to grow. Over time, traditional practices using natural and phytochemicals as alternative therapies to chemical drugs have emerged to treat many pathological conditions, including anxiety and depression. Recent preclinical studies have demonstrated that the phenolic compound, rosmarinic acid, is effective against several neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depression. In addition, rosmarinic acid showed various pharmacological effects, such as cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, lung protective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. However, the potentialities of the use of rosmarinic acid in the treatment of nervous system-related disorders, such as anxiety and depression, are less or not yet reviewed. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to present several preclinical and clinical studies, when available, from different databases investigating the effects of rosmarinic acid on anxiety and depression. These studies showed that rosmarinic acid produces advantageous effects on anxiety and depression through its powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This review will examine and discuss the possibility that the anxiolytic and anti-depressive effects of rosmarinic acid could be associated with its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkader Dahchour
- Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco.
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13
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Draginic N, Milosavljevic I, Andjic M, Jeremic J, Nikolic M, Sretenovic J, Kocovic A, Srejovic I, Zivkovic V, Bolevich S, Bolevich S, Curcic S, Jakovljevic V. Short-Term Administration of Lemon Balm Extract Ameliorates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Focus on Oxidative Stress. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:840. [PMID: 35890139 PMCID: PMC9317599 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of ethanolic Melissa officinalis L. extract (ME) in the rat model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Thirty-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into a CTRL non-treated control group with myocardial I/R injury and three experimental groups of rats treated with 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg of ME for 7 days per os. Afterward, hearts were isolated, and cardiodynamic function was assessed via the Langendorff model of global 20 min ischemia and 30 min reperfusion. Oxidative stress parameters were determined spectrophotometrically from the samples of coronary venous effluent (O2-, H2O2, TBARS, and NO2-,) and heart tissue homogenate (TBARS, NO2-, SOD, and CAT). H/E and Picrosirius red staining were used to examine cardiac architecture and cardiac collagen content. ME improved cardiodynamic parameters and achieved to preserve cardiac architecture after I/R injury and to decrease fibrosis, especially in the ME200 group compared to CTRL. ME200 and ME100 markedly decreased prooxidants TBARS, O2-, and H2O2 while increasing NO2-. Hereby, we confirmed the ME`s ability to save the heart from I/R induced damage, even after short-term preconditioning in terms of preserving cardiodynamic alterations, cardiac architecture, fibrosis, and suppressing oxidative stress, especially in dose of 200 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevena Draginic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (N.D.); (M.A.); (J.J.); (A.K.)
- Department of Human Pathology, First Moscow State Medical University I.M. Sechenov, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Isidora Milosavljevic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (N.D.); (M.A.); (J.J.); (A.K.)
| | - Marijana Andjic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (N.D.); (M.A.); (J.J.); (A.K.)
| | - Jovana Jeremic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (N.D.); (M.A.); (J.J.); (A.K.)
| | - Marina Nikolic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (M.N.); (J.S.); (I.S.); (V.Z.)
| | - Jasmina Sretenovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (M.N.); (J.S.); (I.S.); (V.Z.)
| | - Aleksandar Kocovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (N.D.); (M.A.); (J.J.); (A.K.)
| | - Ivan Srejovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (M.N.); (J.S.); (I.S.); (V.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology of the Institute of Biodesign and Complex System Modelling, First Moscow State Medical University I.M. Sechenov, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Zivkovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (M.N.); (J.S.); (I.S.); (V.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology of the Institute of Biodesign and Complex System Modelling, First Moscow State Medical University I.M. Sechenov, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Bolevich
- Department of Human Pathology, First Moscow State Medical University I.M. Sechenov, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Stefani Bolevich
- Department of Patophysiology, First Moscow State Medical University I.M. Sechenov, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Pharmacology, First Moscow State Medical University I.M. Sechenov, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana Curcic
- Faculty of Education in Jagodina, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Vladimir Jakovljevic
- Department of Human Pathology, First Moscow State Medical University I.M. Sechenov, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (M.N.); (J.S.); (I.S.); (V.Z.)
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14
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Cheng W, Cui C, Liu G, Ye C, Shao F, Bagchi AK, Mehta JL, Wang X. NF-κB, A Potential Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Diseases. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2022; 37:571-584. [PMID: 35796905 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-022-07362-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally. Atherosclerosis is the basis of major CVDs - myocardial ischemia, heart failure, and stroke. Among numerous functional molecules, the transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) has been linked to downstream target genes involved in atherosclerosis. The activation of the NF-κB family and its downstream target genes in response to environmental and cellular stress, hypoxia, and ischemia initiate different pathological events such as innate and adaptive immunity, and cell survival, differentiation, and proliferation. Thus, NF-κB is a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of atherosclerosis and related CVDs. Several biologics and small molecules as well as peptide/proteins have been shown to regulate NF-κB dependent signaling pathways. In this review, we will focus on the function of NF-κB in CVDs and the role of NF-κB inhibitors in the treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Can Cui
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Chenji Ye
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Fang Shao
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ashim K Bagchi
- Division of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Jawahar L Mehta
- Division of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China. .,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
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15
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Luo W, Tao Y, Chen S, Luo H, Li X, Qu S, Chen K, Zeng C. Rosmarinic Acid Ameliorates Pulmonary Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Activating the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:860944. [PMID: 35645792 PMCID: PMC9132383 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.860944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is the leading cause of acute lung injury, which is mainly attributed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced cell injuries and apoptosis. Since rosmarinic acid (RA) has been identified as an antioxidant natural ester, this natural compound might protect against pulmonary IR injury. In this study, the mice were given RA daily (50, 75, or 100 mg/kg) by gavage for 7 days before the pulmonary IR injury. We found that hypoxemia, pulmonary edema, and serum inflammation cytokines were aggravated in pulmonary IR injury. RA pretreatment (75 and 100 mg/kg) effectively reversed these parameters, while 50 mg/kg RA pretreatment was less pronounced. Our data also indicated RA pretreatment mitigated the upregulation of pro-oxidant NADPH oxidases (NOX2 and NOX4) and the downregulation of anti-oxidant superoxide dismutases (SOD1 and SOD2) upon IR injury. In vitro studies showed RA preserved the viability of anoxia/reoxygenation (AR)-treated A549 cells (a human lung epithelial cell line), and the results showed the protective effect of RA started at 5 μM concentration, reached its maximum at 15 μM, and gradually decreased at 20–25 μM. Besides, RA pretreatment (15 μM) greatly reduced the lactate dehydrogenase release levels subjected to AR treatment. Moreover, the results of our research revealed that RA eliminated ROS production and reduced alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis through activating the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway, which was supported by using wortmannin, because in the presence of wortmannin, the RA-mediated protection was blocked. Meanwhile, wortmannin also reversed the protective effects of RA in mice. Together, our results demonstrate the beneficial role of RA in pulmonary IR injury via PI3K/Akt-mediated anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis, which could be a promising therapeutic intervention for pulmonary IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengnan Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center of Chongqing College, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuang Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ken Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center of Chongqing College, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Ken Chen, ; Chunyu Zeng,
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Cardiovascular Research Center of Chongqing College, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Heart Center of Fujian Province, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ken Chen, ; Chunyu Zeng,
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Huang G, Lu X, Zhou H, Li R, Huang Q, Xiong X, Luo Z, Li W. PCSK9 inhibition protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via suppressing autophagy. Microvasc Res 2022; 142:104371. [PMID: 35460665 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Autophagy is critical for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, there is still considerable debate over its protective and deleterious effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the involvement of the proprotein convertase subtilisin/Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and its inhibitor in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury autophagy (MRI). METHODS Nine groups of eighty rats were used: sham, I/R2 h, I/R4 h, I/R6 h, I/R8 h, I/R1 d, and I/R2 d. A 30-min coronary artery blockage was used to produce myocardial IR. The time required for reperfusion rose linearly with the time gradient, from 2 h to 2 days. Following the determination of the best reperfusion period, three groups were formed: sham, I/R, and I/R + P (PCSK9 inhibitor (evolocumab) 10 mg/kg diluted in 2 ml sterile injection water was administered subcutaneously 1 week and half an hour before to surgery. Each group's infarction area was determined by electrocardiography (ECG), cardiac function, and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) /Evan Blue (EB) staining. To detect morphological alterations in myocardial cells in each group, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used. Meanwhile, western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and Masson trichrome staining were utilized to quantify myocardial fibrosis and PCSK9 and autophagy protein expression. RESULTS The results indicated that PCSK9 expression levels increased significantly in MRI, as indicated by increased levels of the autophagy regulatory protein light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin-1, which activated autophagy in cardiomyocytes, exacerbated myocardial injury, and increased the size of myocardial infarcts. Meanwhile, PCSK9 regulates mitophagy via the Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein (BNIP3) pathway, which controls myocardial infarction MRI throughout. Additionally, the PCSK9 inhibitor significantly decreased autophagy, enhanced cardiac function, and reduced the extent of reperfusion injury, consequently reducing myocardial infarct size expansion. CONCLUSION PCSK9 is upregulated in the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury hearts and regulates mitophagy via the BNIP3 pathway, which in turn contributes to reperfusion injury after myocardial infarction. PCSK9 inhibition protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via suppressing autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwei Huang
- Guizhou Medical University, 550004 Guiyang, China; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Anshun City People's Hospital, Anshun 561000, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiyang Lu
- Guizhou Medical University, 550004 Guiyang, China
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- Guizhou Medical University, 550004 Guiyang, China; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Runhong Li
- Guizhou Medical University, 550004 Guiyang, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Anshun City People's Hospital, Anshun 561000, Guizhou, China
| | - Xinlin Xiong
- Guizhou Medical University, 550004 Guiyang, China
| | - Zhenhua Luo
- Department of Central Lab, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Wei Li
- Guizhou Medical University, 550004 Guiyang, China; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China.
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Noor S, Mohammad T, Rub MA, Raza A, Azum N, Yadav DK, Hassan MI, Asiri AM. Biomedical features and therapeutic potential of rosmarinic acid. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:205-228. [PMID: 35391712 PMCID: PMC8989115 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
For decades, the use of secondary metabolites of various herbs has been an attractive strategy in combating human diseases. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a bioactive phenolic compound commonly found in plants of Lamiaceae and Boraginaceae families. RA is biosynthesized using amino acids tyrosine and phenylalanine via enzyme-catalyzed reactions. However, the chemical synthesis of RA involves an esterification reaction between caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxy phenyl lactic acid contributing two phenolic rings to the structure of RA. Several studies have ascertained multiple therapeutic benefits of RA in various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, inflammatory disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, and liver diseases. Many previous scientific papers indicate that RA can be used as an anti-plasmodic, anti-viral and anti-bacterial drug. In addition, due to its high anti-oxidant capacity, this natural polyphenol has recently gained attention for its possible application as a nutraceutical compound in the food industry. Here we provide state-of-the-art, flexible therapeutic potential and biomedical features of RA, its implications and multiple uses. Along with various valuable applications in safeguarding human health, this review further summarizes the therapeutic advantages of RA in various human diseases, including cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, the challenges associated with the clinical applicability of RA have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Noor
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Taj Mohammad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Malik Abdul Rub
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Raza
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naved Azum
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Hambakmoeiro, Yeonsugu, Incheon, 21924, Korea.
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India.
| | - Abdullah M Asiri
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Li WW, Li D, Qin Y, Sun CX, Wang YL, Gao L, Ling-Hu L, Zhang F, Cai W, Zhu L, Wang G. Cardioprotective effects of Amentoflavone by suppression of apoptosis and inflammation on an in vitro and vivo model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108296. [PMID: 34794889 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation modulation is currently considered a promising therapeutic strategy to counteract the burden of cardiovascular disease. Amentoflavone (AME) is a natural biflavone with two apigenin molecules that, possess promising anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-cancer properties. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of AME on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo and in vitro, and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Our results showed that AME significantly reduced the levels of LDH, CK-MB, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α after hypoxia (H) 12 h/reoxygenation (R) 4 h treatment, and significantly increased the cell survival rate of H9c2 cardiomyocytes induced by H/R and inhibited their apoptosis rate. AME (25, 50, 100 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.g.) or a positive control drug diltiazem (DIZ) (16 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.g.) was used as pretreatment for 7 days; the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) model was established. TTC staining results showed that the infarct volume was significantly reduced after AME and DIZ treatment. Oral administration of AME dose-dependently ameliorated I/R injury-induced increase in pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) and levels of LDH and CK-MB. Results of TUNEL and HE staining showed that the I/R model had more induced apoptosis, but could be effectively reduced by pretreatment with AME. After surgery, the heart of the rat was examined via western blotting to detect inflammation-related proteins. Compared with the sham group, the p-AKT in the I/R group was significantly reduced and the content of p-NF-κBp65 was significantly increased. However, these changes could be reversed by AME treatment. DIZ treatment exerted similar beneficial effects in I/R rats as the high dose of AME did. This study highlights the excellent therapeutic potential of AME for managing myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Yao Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Cheng-Xin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Yong-Ling Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Lang Ling-Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Wen Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
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Chen G, Zhang F, Wang L, Feng Z. Isoflurane alleviates hypoxia/reoxygenation induced myocardial injury by reducing miR-744 mediated SIRT6. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 32:235-242. [PMID: 34663177 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1995556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to investigate the role of miR-744 and its target genes in ISO protection against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) induced myocardial injury. METHODS Rat cardiomyocytes H9c2 was used to establish an H/R model in vitro, and the level of miR-744 mRNA was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. CCK-8 and flow cytometry was used to detected cell viability and apoptosis. Myocardial injury markers CK-MB, cTnI, and LDH were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Online bioinformatics software miRDB and miRWalk predicts miR-744 target and its potential binding site, and verifies the target by luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS After H/R induction, miR-744 mRNA level was remarkedly increased, cell viability was deceased, and apoptosis was increased (p < 0.05). Myocardial injury markers CK-MB, cTnI, and LDH expressions were also increased (p < 0.05). However, ISO pretreatment can significantly alleviate the decrease in cell viability induced by H/R, the increase of cell apoptosis, and the increase of myocardial injury markers, and it play a cardioprotective effect (p < 0.05). More importantly, elevated miR-744 remarkedly weakened the protective effect of ISO on H/R-induced myocardial injury, resulting in decreased cell viability, increased apoptosis, and elevated concentration of myocardial injury indicators (p < 0.05). Luciferase reporter assay confirmed that Sirtuins6 (SIRT6) is a potential target of miR-744 and decreased in H/R-induced myocardial injury, and ISO exposure can reverse its level (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings provide new insights that ISO pretreatment can remarkedly regulate miR-744 and its downstream target SIRT6 to mitigate myocardial injury induced by H/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Chen
- Anesthesia and Operation Centre, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Faqiang Zhang
- Anesthesia and Operation Centre, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zeguo Feng
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Mo Y, Jie X, Wang L, Ji C, Gu Y, Lu Z, Liu X. Bupi Yishen formula attenuates kidney injury in 5/6 nephrectomized rats via the tryptophan-kynurenic acid-aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:207. [PMID: 34376166 PMCID: PMC8353787 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bupi Yishen Formula (BYF), a patent traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation, has been used in the clinical treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the mechanism of action of BYF has not been fully elucidated. METHOD To investigate the variation in the metabolic profile in response to BYF treatment in a rat model of 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx), rats in the treatment groups received low- or high-dose BYF. At the end of the study, serum and kidney samples were collected for biochemical, pathological, and western blotting analysis. Metabolic changes in serum were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS The results showed that BYF treatment could reduce kidney injury, inhibit inflammation and improve renal function in a dose-dependent manner. In total, 405 and 195 metabolites were identified in negative and positive ion modes, respectively. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis of differential metabolites based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database identified 35 metabolic pathways, 3 of which were related to tryptophan metabolism. High-dose BYF reduced the level of kynurenic acid (KA) by more than 50%, while increasing melatonin 25-fold and indole-3-acetic acid twofold. Expression levels of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), Cyp1A1, and CyP1B1 were significantly reduced in the kidney tissue of rats with high-dose BYF, compared to 5/6 Nx rats. CONCLUSION BYF has a reno-protective effect against 5/6 Nx-induced CKD, which may be mediated via inhibition of the tryptophan-KA-AhR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenan Mo
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 520120, China
| | - Xina Jie
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 520120, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Nephrology Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 520120, China
| | - Chunlan Ji
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 520120, China
| | - Yueyu Gu
- Nephrology Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 520120, China
| | - Zhaoyu Lu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 520120, China. .,Nephrology Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 520120, China.
| | - Xusheng Liu
- Nephrology Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 520120, China.
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21
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Sun M, Tan L, Hu M. The role of autophagy in hepatic fibrosis. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:5747-5757. [PMID: 34306323 PMCID: PMC8290830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a chronic liver injury process, and its continuous development can lead to cirrhosis, hepatic failure and even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Autophagy has attracted much attention because of its controversial role in the course of hepatic fibrosis. In this review, we introduce the mechanism related to noncoding RNAs and some of the signaling pathways that promote or inhibit fibrosis by affecting autophagy. Finally, we list some targets related to autophagy that enable hepatic fibrosis therapy and forecast its prospect in hepatic fibrosis. This review will provide new ideas in diagnosing and treating hepatic fibrosis, which will be helpful to reduce the incidence of cirrhosis and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
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