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Hamed M, Kotob MH, Abou Khalil NS, Anwari EA, El Gazzar WB, Idriss SKA, Fakhry ME, Farag AA, Sabra MS, Salaah SM, Abdel-Zaher S, Yehia Saad FA, Naguib M, Lee JS, Sayed AEDH. Hyaluronic acid impacts hematological endpoints and spleen histological features in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:294. [PMID: 38970005 PMCID: PMC11225171 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Since its identification in the vitreous humour of the eye and laboratory biosynthesis, hyaluronic acid (HA) has been a vital component in several pharmaceutical, nutritional, medicinal, and cosmetic uses. However, little is known about its potential toxicological impacts on aquatic inhabitants. Herein, we investigated the hematological response of Clarias gariepinus to nominal doses of HA. To achieve this objective, 72 adult fish were randomly and evenly distributed into four groups: control, low-dose (0.5 mg/l HA), medium-dose (10 mg/l HA), and high-dose (100 mg/l HA) groups for two weeks each during both the exposure and recovery periods. The findings confirmed presence of anemia, neutrophilia, leucopoenia, lymphopenia, and eosinophilia at the end of exposure to HA. In addition, poikilocytosis and a variety of cytomorphological disturbances were observed. Dose-dependent histological alterations in spleen morphology were observed in the exposed groups. After HA removal from the aquarium for 2 weeks, the groups exposed to the two highest doses still exhibited a notable decline in red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and an increase in mean corpuscular volume. Additionally, there was a significant rise in neutrophils, eosinophils, cell alterations, and nuclear abnormalities percentages, along with a decrease in monocytes, coupled with a dose-dependent decrease in lymphocytes. Furthermore, only the highest dose of HA in the recovered groups continued to cause a significant increase in white blood cells. White blood cells remained lower, and the proportion of apoptotic RBCs remained higher in the high-dose group. The persistence of most of the haematological and histological disorders even after recovery period indicates a failure of physiological compensatory mechanisms to overcome the HA-associated problems or insufficient duration of recovery. Thus, these findings encourage the inclusion of this new hazardous agent in the biomonitoring program and provide a specific pattern of hematological profile in HA-challenged fish. Further experiments are highly warranted to explore other toxicological hazards of HA using dose/time window protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Mohamed H Kotob
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Nasser S Abou Khalil
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University, Assuit, Egypt
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Esraa A Anwari
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Walaa Bayoumie El Gazzar
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, the Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
- 9Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha City, 13518, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa K A Idriss
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Michel E Fakhry
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and molecular biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Amina A Farag
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha City, 13518, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S Sabra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Sally M Salaah
- Fresh Water Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Souzan Abdel-Zaher
- Department of Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology Research & Studies Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Fatma Alzahraa Yehia Saad
- Department of Biotechnology, Molecular Biology Research & Studies Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Mervat Naguib
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology Research & Studies Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
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Iheanacho SC, Adeolu AI, Nwose R, Ekpenyong J, Offu P, Amadi-Eke A, Iheanacho AC, Ogunji J. Genotoxicity, oxidative stress and lysozyme induction in Clarias gariepinus chronically exposed to water-soluble fraction of burnt tire ash. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:1983-1996. [PMID: 34529204 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02474-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The safety of aquatic ecosystems has been compromised by numerous anthropogenic activities, especially leachates from non-point source toxicants, leaching into aquatic systems. This study evaluated the toxicity of the water-soluble fractions (WSFs) of burnt tire ash (BTA) on Clarias gariepinus via a battery of integrated biomarkers. Juvenile C. gariepinus were exposed to sublethal (0.56, 1.12, and 2.24 g/L) concentrations of BTA, derived from 11.2 g/L median lethal concentration (96 LC50), at duration intervals of 1, 14, and 28 days, followed by a recovery trial that lasted for 14 days. Serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities of the gill and liver, lysozymes activity and erythron profile were assessed. The findings of the present study revealed that BTA-WSF induced prominent alterations on biochemical parameters, lysozymes activity and antioxidant enzymes activities in the exposed fish. Furthermore, toxicant exposure promoted oxidative stress, cellular damage and genotoxicity (erythrocytic nuclear and cellular abnormalities) in the exposed fish. In general, a post-exposure trial showed partial recovery from the exposure effects of the toxicant, following the evident modifications of serum enzymes and erythron pathopathology in the experimental model. Biomonitoring of BTA, using sentinel aquatic species such as C. gariepinus, provides insights into the ecotoxicological potency of this toxicant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley C Iheanacho
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi, Nigeria.
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria.
| | - Adewale I Adeolu
- Department of Agriculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi, Nigeria
| | - Roseline Nwose
- Department of Agriculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi, Nigeria
| | - Joshua Ekpenyong
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi, Nigeria
| | - Peter Offu
- Department of Political Science, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi, Nigeria
| | - Akunna Amadi-Eke
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo, Nigeria
| | - Angus C Iheanacho
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Johnny Ogunji
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi, Nigeria
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Suchana SA, Ahmed MS, Islam SMM, Rahman ML, Rohani MF, Ferdusi T, Ahmmad AKS, Fatema MK, Badruzzaman M, Shahjahan M. Chromium Exposure Causes Structural Aberrations of Erythrocytes, Gills, Liver, Kidney, and Genetic Damage in Striped Catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:3869-3885. [PMID: 33206307 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02490-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution due to anthropogenic activities poses a great threat to aquatic organisms. The present study was conducted to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of hexavalent chromium (potassium dichromate) on hemato-biochemical, histo-pathological, and genetical changes in striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Three sub-lethal doses (0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 mg/L) of chromium (Cr) were selected and fish were exposed in vivo contrasting with a control (0 mg/L) for 30 days. The study revealed that various hemato-biochemical parameters showed a significant decrease in hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs), and blood glucose content, whereas white blood cells (WBCs) significantly increased in Cr exposed fish. Frequencies of all forms of structural abnormalities of erythrocytes (erythrocytic cellular abnormalities; ECA, erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities; ENA and erythroblasts; Ebs) were significantly increased in higher two test concentrations (1.6 and 3.2 mg/L) when compared to control. Differential leucocyte count exhibited significant increase in neutrophil and decrease in lymphocytes in the highest Cr treated group. The severity of various histo-pathological changes in the gills, liver, and kidney were increased considerably with the increase of Cr concentrations. Similarly, the amount of DNA (ng/μl) decreased significantly in blood and tissues of different vital organs where the liver showed the highest decline compared to control in a concentration-dependent manner. Taken altogether, P. hypophthalmus is susceptible to Cr and can be used as a bio-indicator to assess aquatic metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajida Akter Suchana
- Department of Fisheries Management, Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shaker Ahmed
- Department of Fisheries Management, Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - S M Majharul Islam
- Department of Fisheries Management, Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Lutfar Rahman
- Department of Fisheries Management, Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
- Department of Genetics and Fish Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Md Fazle Rohani
- Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Tanzina Ferdusi
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - A K Shakur Ahmmad
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Kaniz Fatema
- Department of Fisheries Management, Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Badruzzaman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahjahan
- Department of Fisheries Management, Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
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Shabrangharehdasht M, Mirvaghefi A, Farahmand H. Effects of nanosilver on hematologic, histologic and molecular parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 225:105549. [PMID: 32599437 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Efficient antibacterial and antifungal properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) sparked its commercial application in several industrial and household products. Drastic increase of AgNPs production raised concerns over aquatic organisms' exposure. The toxic dose, mechanism of toxicity, physiological damages, gene expression alteration, hematological and blood parameter distortion by AgNP needs to be investigated to explore inevitable risk in aquatic animals. In this study, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (122.4 ± 1.4 g, 23.8 ± 0.7 cm) were exposed to colloidal AgNPs (28.3 ± 12.6 um) to determine the lethal concentration (LC50)(8.9 mg/l). Sub-lethal concentrations (10 %LC50, 25 %LC50, plus LC50 value) impact on hematologic, histological and molecular responses were evaluated. Results showed sever damage to blood cells morphology, and hematologic parameters change including RBC, WBC, Hct and Hb in all AgNP-treated groups. Histological damage in gill and liver of exposed fish were observed. Significant up-regulating of HSP70 and P53 genes were detected in response to AgNPs, whereas, it was found that in comparison to HSP70 gene, P53 induction occurred in lower AgNPs concentrations and lower exposure time. These results indicate adversely effects of AgNPs exposure to aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alireza Mirvaghefi
- Department of Fisheries and Environmental Science, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Hamid Farahmand
- Department of Fisheries and Environmental Science, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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Sula E, Aliko V, Pagano M, Faggio C. Digital light microscopy as a tool in toxicological evaluation of fish erythrocyte morphological abnormalities. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 83:362-369. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eldores Sula
- Department of BiologyFaculty of Natural Sciences, Tirana University Tirana Albania
| | - Valbona Aliko
- Department of BiologyFaculty of Natural Sciences, Tirana University Tirana Albania
| | - Maria Pagano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Messina Italy
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Kračun-Kolarević M, Kolarević S, Jovanović J, Marković V, Ilić M, Simonović P, Simić V, Gačić Z, Diamantini E, Stella E, Petrović M, Majone B, Bellin A, Paunović M, Vuković-Gačić B. Evaluation of genotoxic potential throughout the upper and middle stretches of Adige river basin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 571:1383-1391. [PMID: 27450952 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study a comprehensive genotoxicological survey throughout the upper and middle stretches of Adige river basin is presented. The study was carried out at 7 sites located along the Adige main course and one the most significant tributaries, the Noce creek, both presenting different levels of pollution pressure. To give an insight into the nature of the genotoxic activity we employed the battery of prokaryotic and eukaryotic assays. Mutagenicity in water samples was evaluated by SOS/umuC test in Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002. The level of DNA damage as a biomarker of exposure (comet assay) and biomarker of effect (micronucleus assay) and the level of oxidative stress as well (Fpg - modified comet assay) were studied in blood cells of Salmo cenerinus Nardo, 1847 and Salmo marmoratus Cuvier, 1829. Within the applied bioassays, comet assay showed the highest potential for discriminating the sampling sites which are under lesser extent of pressure (sampling sites 1-Barnes at Bresimo and 4-Noce downstream S. Giustina) from the sites under high pressure (sampling sites 5-Noce at Mezzolombardo and 6/7-Adige upstream and downstream municipality of Trento). Significant correlation between the standard and Fpg - modified comet assay indicated that oxidative stress could be a major contributor to observed DNA damage in collected specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vanja Marković
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research ¨Siniša Stanković¨, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Ilić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research ¨Siniša Stanković¨, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Vladica Simić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Zoran Gačić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Elena Diamantini
- University of Trento, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Trento, Italy
| | - Elisa Stella
- University of Trento, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Bruno Majone
- University of Trento, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Trento, Italy
| | - Alberto Bellin
- University of Trento, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Trento, Italy
| | - Momir Paunović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research ¨Siniša Stanković¨, Belgrade, Serbia
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Stankevičiūtė M, Butrimavičienė L, Valskienė R, Greiciūnaitė J, Baršienė J, Vosylienė MZ, Svecevičius G. Analysis of nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) treated with Cu and Zn and after 4-, 8-, and 12-day depuration (post-treatment recovery). MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 797:26-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Massar B, Dey S, Barua R, Dutta K. Microscopy and microanalysis of hematological parameters in common carp, Cyprinus carpio, inhabiting a polluted lake in North East India. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2012; 18:1077-1087. [PMID: 23095447 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927612001432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of red blood cells (RBCs) of common carp, Cyprinus carpio, inhabiting a polluted lake in Northeast India revealed a number of abnormalities. About 7% of the RBC showed the presence of a micronucleus, besides the presence of some bi-nucleated and abnormally shaped nuclei. RBCs, white blood cells, and hemoglobin content were found to be reduced significantly as compared to the control. SEM showed the presence of spherocytes, early stages of echinocytes, cytoplasmic blebbing, erythrocytes with contraction from one side, abnormal shape of erythrocytes (hexagonal/pentagonal/tetragonal), development of lobopodial projections, cell rupture, membrane internalization, and formation of ring-shaped RBC. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) showed the presence of a considerable percentage of silicon and lead in erythrocytes of the fish collected from the polluted lake, in contrast to a negligible concentration of the two elements in control fish. Significance of the study in relation to fish health in a polluted body of water and the importance of SEM, EDS, and light microscopy in utilizing hematological parameters as pollution indicators are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashida Massar
- Department of Zoology, St. Anthony's College, Shillong-1, Meghalaya, India
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Environmental Genotoxicity Studies in Mussels and Fish from the Göteborg Area of the North Sea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/v10043-008-0032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Fernández B, Campillo JA, Martínez-Gómez C, Benedicto J. Micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) as biomarkers of cyto-genotoxic pollution in mediterranean waters. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2011; 52:479-491. [PMID: 21370287 DOI: 10.1002/em.20646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Environmental genotoxicity and cytotoxicity along the Spanish Mediterranean coast was investigated through the determination of levels of micronuclei (MN) and other nuclear abnormalities (NAs) such as nuclear buds (NB) and binucleated cells (BN) in gills of wild mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, from 17 study sites. The results obtained were studied in relation to the exposure to main pollutants (metals, PAHs, PCBs and DDTs), gill antioxidant enzyme activities and environmental variables (temperature and salinity). The highest MN and NB levels were found in mussels from metal-polluted sites, such as Cartagena (MN: 11.6‰, NB: 4.6‰) and Portman (MN: 8.0‰, NB: 3.5‰), where genotoxicity seemed to be related to the oxidative stress generated by exposure to metals. High frequencies of MN and NB in mussels from Algeciras 1 (MN: 8.6‰, NB: 4‰) and of MN (7.2‰) in mussels from Manilva also indicated genotoxicity, though not attributable to the pollutants analysed. In contrast, MN levels at sites highly polluted by organic contaminants such as Barcelona, Vallcarca, Tarragona and Valencia, were lower than expected (ranging from 3.8 to 5.8‰). On the other hand, evidences of cytotoxicity indicated by the high frequencies of BN found in mussels from Vallcarca, Barcelona, and Cartagena (3.9, 3.4, and 2.3‰, respectively) appeared to be specifically related to the accumulation of organic pollutants. Positive correlations found between MN and NB frequencies, and also between both NAs and water temperature, suggested that they were related genotoxic events, and that this environmental factor is able to influence their levels and has to be taken into account in the application of these biomarkers in field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Fernández
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Marine Environment and Environmental Protection Area, Oceanographic Centre of Murcia, Varadero, San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia
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Induction of micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities in blue mussels Mytilus edulis after 1-, 2-, 4- and 8-day treatment with crude oil from the North Sea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.2478/v10055-010-0018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Da Rocha CAM, Dos Santos RA, Bahia MDO, Da Cunha LA, Ribeiro HF, Burbano RMR. The Micronucleus Assay in Fish Species as an Important Tool for Xenobiotic Exposure Risk Assessment—A Brief Review and an Example Using Neotropical Fish Exposed To Methylmercury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10641260903067852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in the bivalve mollusks Macoma balthica and Mytilus edulis from the Baltic Sea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.2478/v10055-008-0009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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