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Ferraz MDAMM, Ferronato GDA. Opportunities involving microfluidics and 3D culture systems to the in vitro embryo production. Anim Reprod 2023; 20:e20230058. [PMID: 37638255 PMCID: PMC10449241 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2023-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional methods of gamete handling, fertilization, and embryo culture often face limitations in efficiency, consistency, and the ability to closely mimic in vivo conditions. This review explores the opportunities presented by microfluidic and 3D culture systems in overcoming these challenges and enhancing in vitro embryo production. We discuss the basic principles of microfluidics, emphasizing their inherent advantages such as precise control of fluid flow, reduced reagent consumption, and high-throughput capabilities. Furthermore, we delve into microfluidic devices designed for gamete manipulation, in vitro fertilization, and embryo culture, highlighting innovations such as droplet-based microfluidics and on-chip monitoring. Next, we explore the integration of 3D culture systems, including the use of biomimetic scaffolds and organ-on-a-chip platforms, with a particular focus on the oviduct-on-a-chip. Finally, we discuss the potential of these advanced systems to improve embryo production outcomes and advance our understanding of early embryo development. By leveraging the unique capabilities of microfluidics and 3D culture systems, we foresee significant advancements in the efficiency, effectiveness, and clinical success of in vitro embryo production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia de Almeida Monteiro Melo Ferraz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Oberschleißheim, Germany
- Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Giuliana de Avila Ferronato
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Oberschleißheim, Germany
- Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Sundrani DP, Joshi SR. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) and epigenetic modifications in the placenta. HUM FERTIL 2023; 26:665-677. [PMID: 34706609 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2021.1995901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has become common amongst couples with infertility issues. ART is known to be successful, but epidemiological data indicates that ART is associated with placental disorders. Additionally, reports show increased risks of short- and long-term complications in children born to mothers undergoing ART. However, the mechanisms responsible for these events are obscure. The placenta is considered as a key organ for programming of diseases and ART procedures are suggested to alter the placental function and intrauterine growth trajectories. Epigenetic changes in maternal and foetal tissues are suggested to be the underlying mechanisms for these outcomes. Epigenetic regulation is known to evolve following fertilisation and before implantation and subsequently across gestation. During these critical periods of epigenetic 'programming', DNA methylation and chromatin remodelling influence the placental structure and function by regulating the expression of various genes. ART treatment coinciding with epigenetic 'programming' events during gametogenesis and early embryo development may alter the programming phases leading to long-term consequences. Thus, disruptions in placental development observed in ART pregnancies could be associated with altered epigenetic regulation of vital genes in the placenta. The review summarises available literature on the influence of ART procedures on epigenetic changes in the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali P Sundrani
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Sadhana R Joshi
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
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Milazzotto MP, Noonan MJ, de Almeida Monteiro Melo Ferraz M. Mining RNAseq data reveals dynamic metaboloepigenetic profiles in human, mouse and bovine pre-implantation embryos. iScience 2022; 25:103904. [PMID: 35252810 PMCID: PMC8889150 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Metaboloepigenetic regulation has been reported in stem cells, germ cells, and tumor cells. Embryonic metaboloepigenetics, however, have just begun to be described. Here we analyzed RNAseq data to characterize the metaboloepigenetic profiles of human, mouse, and bovine pre-implantation embryos. In embryos, metaboloepigenetic reprogramming was species-specific, varied with the developmental stage and was disrupted with in vitro culture. Metabolic pathways and gene expressions were strongly correlated with early embryo DNA methylation and were changed with in vitro culture. Although the idea that the in vitro environment may influence development is not new, there has been little progress on improving pregnancy rates after decades using in vitro fertilization. Hence, the present data will contribute to understanding how the in vitro manipulation affects the metaboloepigenetic status of early embryos, which can be used to establish culture strategies aimed at improving the in vitro environment and, consequently, pregnancy rates and offspring health. Embryonic metaboloepigenetic reprogramming is stage- and species-specific In vitro culture disrupts the in vivo embryonic metaboloepigenetic reprogramming Metabolic genes and pathways are highly correlated with embryo methylome
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Pecora Milazzotto
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, São Paulo, 09210-580 Santo André, Brazil
| | - Michael James Noonan
- The Irving K. Barber School of Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Marcia de Almeida Monteiro Melo Ferraz
- Gene Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Clinic of Ruminants, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Corresponding author
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Continued development of gene editing techniques has raised the real possibility of clinical application of germline gene editing. These results, as well as reports of an unethical experiment which resulted in the birth of at least two children from edited embryos in 2018, have highlighted the urgency and importance of ethical issues about translational pathways for editing of human germline cells. Charting responsible translational pathways for germline gene editing requires tackling some significant and complex ethical issues. Recent Findings A literature on development of clinical applications of germline gene editing is emerging, and several key ethical issues are coming into focus as major challenges for responsible translational pathways. Summary Potential clinical utility, clinical justification, and human subjects research for germline gene editing raise outstanding ethical questions. Work on these questions will help provide guidance to researchers and clinicians and direct translational projects toward justifiable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Cwik
- Philosophy and University Studies, Portland State University, Fourth Ave Building Suite 175, 1900 SW 4th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA
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Ménézo Y, Elder K. Epigenetic remodeling of chromatin in human ART: addressing deficiencies in culture media. J Assist Reprod Genet 2020; 37:1781-1788. [PMID: 32676929 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-020-01884-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yves Ménézo
- Laboratoire Clément, 17 Avenue d'Eylau, 75016, Paris, France.
| | - Kay Elder
- Bourn Hall Clinic, Bourn, Cambridge, CB232TN, UK
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Iliadou AN, Öberg AS, Pege J, Rodriguez-Wallberg KA, Olofsson JI, Holte J, Wramsby H, Wramsby M, Cnattingius S, Cesta CE. The Uppsala-Stockholm Assisted Reproductive Techniques (UppStART) study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028866. [PMID: 31467051 PMCID: PMC6720339 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Uppsala-Stockholm Assisted Reproductive Techniques (UppStART) study is a prospectively recruited sample of couples undergoing assisted reproduction in Stockholm and Uppsala county in Sweden. The study was initiated to (1) investigate possible changes in the epigenetic profile of infants inferred through the ART procedures and their consequence and (2) to assess the impact of lifestyle and health exposures on treatment outcome. PARTICIPANTS Recruitment took place between September 2011 and December 2013, and in vitro fertilisation (IVF) cycles initiated and pregnancies conceived during this time were followed until December 2014. The cohort includes 971 participants (n= 514 women; n= 457 men), and 129 pregnancies were achieved from the first IVF cycle included in the study. FINDINGS TO DATE Self-reported demographic, health and lifestyle data were collected from a baseline questionnaire, and to assess changes to lifestyle, a follow-up questionnaire was issued at the time of oocyte retrieval, and at subsequent IVF cycles. Questionnaire data were linked to data extracted from medical records. Biological samples were collected at baseline: blood for extraction of serum, plasma and DNA, morning and evening saliva samples for cortisol measurement and at delivery including samples of maternal blood, placenta and amniotic fluid, and cord blood for epigenetic analysis. FUTURE PLANS Through the unique identification number assigned to each Swedish citizen at birth or immigration, UppStART study participants will be linked to the Swedish population-based national and quality registers to provide data from prenatal, obstetrical, neonatal and infant care, and subsequent updates will provide data on childhood health and educational outcomes. Collaboration and use of UppStART data is encouraged, and more information about access can be found at www.ki.se/meb/uppstart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia N Iliadou
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Sara Öberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica Pege
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kenny A Rodriguez-Wallberg
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Division of Gynecology and Reproduction, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan I Olofsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Holte
- Carl von Linne Kliniken, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden
- Centre for Reproductive Biology in Uppsala, University of Agricultural Science and Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Wramsby
- Livio Fertilitetscentrum Kungsholmen, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Sven Cnattingius
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carolyn E Cesta
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Halvaei I, Ghazali S, Nottola SA, Khalili MA. Cleavage-stage embryo micromanipulation in the clinical setting. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2018; 64:157-168. [PMID: 29297236 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2017.1422197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Embryo micromanipulation was developed after introduction of microinjection to overcome infertility. Embryo micromanipulation may be performed at any embryo stage from pronuclear to blastocyst. The technique started out as basic and turned out to be increasingly more complex. Embryo micromanipulation at the cleavage-stage includes a wide range of techniques, from opening the zona pellucida in order to improve the chance of implantation, to removing detrimental components from the embryo to enhance embryo development or blastomeres for preimplantation genetic diagnosis and embryo splitting. Evaluating the impact(s) of different micromanipulation techniques on epigenetics of the embryo and considering quality control during these techniques are important issues in this regard. This review aims to discuss the micromanipulation of cleavage-stage embryos in clinical assisted reproductive technology (ART). ABBREVIATIONS ART: assisted reproductive technology; ICSI: intracytoplasmic sperm injection; IVF: in vitro fertilization; PGD: preimplantation genetic diagnosis; PZD: partial zona dissection; ZP: zona pellucida; SUZI: subzonal insemination; PVS: perivitelline space; AH: assisted hatching; LAH: laserassisted hatching; ZT: zona thinning; UV: ultraviolet; IR: infrared; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; FISH: fluorescent in situ hybridization; NGS: next generation sequencing; QC: quality control; QA: quality assurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Halvaei
- a Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences , Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Shahin Ghazali
- b Department of Midwifery, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj Branch , Sanandaj , Iran
| | - Stefania A Nottola
- c Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics , La Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Mohammad Ali Khalili
- d Research and Clinical Center for Infertility , Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences , Yazd , Iran
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