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Schug C, Kitzberger C, Sievert W, Spellerberg R, Tutter M, Schmohl KA, Eberlein B, Biedermann T, Steiger K, Zach C, Schwaiger M, Multhoff G, Wagner E, Nelson PJ, Spitzweg C. Radiation-Induced Amplification of TGFB1-Induced Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Sodium Iodide Symporter ( NIS) Gene 131I Therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:5997-6008. [PMID: 31196853 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-4092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The innate tumor homing potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been used for a targeted delivery of the theranostic sodium iodide symporter (NIS) transgene into solid tumors. We have previously shown that external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) results in the enhanced recruitment of NIS-expressing MSCs into human hepatocellular carcinoma (HuH7). In parallel, the tumor-associated cytokine TGFB1 becomes strongly upregulated in HuH7 tumors in response to EBRT. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We therefore evaluated the effects of combining focused EBRT (5 Gy) with MSC-mediated systemic delivery of the theranostic NIS transgene under control of a synthetic TGFB1-inducible SMAD-responsive promoter (SMAD-NIS-MSCs) using 123I-scintigraphy followed by 131I therapy in CD1 nu/nu mice harboring subcutaneous human hepatocellular carcinoma (HuH7). RESULTS Following tumor irradiation and SMAD-NIS-MSC application, tumoral iodide uptake monitored in vivo by 123I-scintigraphy was enhanced as compared with nonirradiated tumors. Combination of EBRT and SMAD-NIS-MSC-mediated 131I therapy resulted in a significantly improved delay in tumor growth and prolonged survival in therapy mice as compared with the combined therapy using CMV-NIS-MSCs or to control groups receiving EBRT or saline only, or EBRT together with SMAD-NIS-MSCs and saline applications. CONCLUSIONS MSC-based NIS-mediated 131I therapy after EBRT treatment dramatically enhanced therapeutic efficacy when a TGFB1-inducible SMAD-responsive promoter was used to drive NIS expression in adoptively applied MSCs. The remarkable therapeutic effect seen is thought to be linked in large part to the enhanced TGFB1 produced in this context, which leads to a highly selective and focused amplification of MSC-based NIS expression within the tumor milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schug
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV-Campus Grosshadern, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carolin Kitzberger
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV-Campus Grosshadern, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sievert
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Radiation Immuno-Oncology group, Munich, Germany
| | - Rebekka Spellerberg
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV-Campus Grosshadern, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mariella Tutter
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV-Campus Grosshadern, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin A Schmohl
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV-Campus Grosshadern, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernadette Eberlein
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tilo Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Department of Pathology, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Zach
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Radiation Immuno-Oncology group, Munich, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Department of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter J Nelson
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Spitzweg
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV-Campus Grosshadern, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Schug C, Urnauer S, Jaeckel C, Schmohl KA, Tutter M, Steiger K, Schwenk N, Schwaiger M, Wagner E, Nelson PJ, Spitzweg C. TGFB1-driven mesenchymal stem cell-mediated NIS gene transfer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2019; 26:89-101. [PMID: 30121623 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Based on their excellent tumor-homing capacity, genetically engineered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are under investigation as tumor-selective gene delivery vehicles. Transgenic expression of the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) in genetically engineered MSCs allows noninvasive tracking of MSC homing by imaging of functional NIS expression as well as therapeutic application of 131I. The use of tumor stroma-activated promoters can improve tumor-specific MSC-mediated transgene delivery. The essential role of transforming growth factor B1 (TGFB1) and the SMAD downstream target in the signaling between tumor and the surrounding stroma makes the biology of this pathway a potential option to better control NIS expression within the tumor milieu. Bone marrow-derived MSCs were stably transfected with a NIS-expressing plasmid driven by a synthetic SMAD-responsive promoter (SMAD-NIS-MSCs). Radioiodide uptake assays revealed a 4.9-fold increase in NIS-mediated perchlorate-sensitive iodide uptake in SMAD-NIS-MSCs after TGFB1 stimulation compared to unstimulated cells demonstrating the successful establishment of MSCs, which induce NIS expression in response to activation of TGFB1 signaling using a SMAD-responsive promoter. 123I-scintigraphy revealed significant tumor-specific radioiodide accumulation and thus NIS expression after systemic application of SMAD-NIS-MSCs into mice harboring subcutaneous tumors derived from the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line HuH7, which express TGFB1. 131I therapy in SMAD-NIS-MSCs-treated mice demonstrated a significant delay in tumor growth and prolonged survival. Making use of the tumoral TGFB1 signaling network in the context of MSC-mediated NIS gene delivery is a promising approach to foster tumor stroma-selectivity of NIS transgene expression and tailor NIS-based gene therapy to TGFB1-rich tumor environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schug
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Urnauer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten Jaeckel
- Clinical Biochemistry Group, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin A Schmohl
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mariella Tutter
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Nathalie Schwenk
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Department of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter J Nelson
- Clinical Biochemistry Group, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Spitzweg
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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3
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Schug C, Sievert W, Urnauer S, Müller AM, Schmohl KA, Wechselberger A, Schwenk N, Lauber K, Schwaiger M, Multhoff G, Wagner E, Nelson PJ, Spitzweg C. External Beam Radiation Therapy Enhances Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Sodium-Iodide Symporter Gene Delivery. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 29:1287-1300. [PMID: 29724129 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor-homing properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have led to their development as delivery vehicles for the targeted delivery of therapeutic genes such as the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) to solid tumors. External beam radiation therapy may represent an ideal setting for the application of engineered MSC-based gene therapy, as tumor irradiation may enhance MSC recruitment into irradiated tumors through the increased production of select factors linked to MSC migration. In the present study, the irradiation of human liver cancer cells (HuH7; 1-10 Gy) showed a strong dose-dependent increase in steady-state mRNA levels of CXCL8, CXCL12, FGF2, PDGFB, TGFB1, THBS1, and VEGF (0-48 h), which was verified for most factors at the protein level (after 48 h). Radiation effects on directed MSC migration were tested in vitro using a live cell tracking migration assay and supernatants from control and irradiated HuH7 cells. A robust increase in mean forward migration index, mean center of mass, and mean directionality of MSCs toward supernatants was seen from irradiated as compared to non-irradiated tumor cells. Transferability of this effect to other tumor sources was demonstrated using the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MDA-MB-231), which showed a similar behavior to radiation as seen with HuH7 cells in quantitative polymerase chain reaction and migration assay. To evaluate this in a more physiologic in vivo setting, subcutaneously growing HuH7 xenograft tumors were irradiated with 0, 2, or 5 Gy followed by CMV-NIS-MSC application 24 h later. Tumoral iodide uptake was monitored using 123I-scintigraphy. The results showed increased tumor-specific dose-dependent accumulation of radioiodide in irradiated tumors. The results demonstrate that external beam radiation therapy enhances the migratory capacity of MSCs and may thus increase the therapeutic efficacy of MSC-mediated NIS radionuclide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schug
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich , LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sievert
- 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universitaet Muenchen , Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Urnauer
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich , LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea M Müller
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich , LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin A Schmohl
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich , LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Wechselberger
- 3 Clinical Biochemistry Group, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich , LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nathalie Schwenk
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich , LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kirsten Lauber
- 4 Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Munich , LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- 5 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen , Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universitaet Muenchen , Munich, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- 6 Department of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter J Nelson
- 3 Clinical Biochemistry Group, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich , LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Spitzweg
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich , LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Stölzel K, Schulze-Tanzil G, Olze H, Schwarz S, Feldmann EM, Rotter N. Immortalised human mesenchymal stem cells undergo chondrogenic differentiation in alginate and PGA/PLLA scaffolds. Cell Tissue Bank 2014; 16:159-70. [PMID: 24832181 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-014-9457-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising cell source in tissue engineering due to their availability, ease of isolation and high proliferative activity. This study was undertaken to investigate whether immortalised human MSC are able to undergo chondrogenic differentiation when cultured in alginate or in resorbable scaffolds. We directly compared chondrogenesis MSCs with that of human nasoseptal chondrocytes. Two previously established human stem cell lines L87/4 and V54-2 immortalised using the SV40 large T-antigen were either cultured in alginate or in polyglycolic acid/poly-L-lactic acid (PGA/PLLA) (90/10) copolymer scaffolds. TGF-β1 was added for induction of chondrogenesis. Human nasoseptal chondrocytes and human fibroblasts were used as controls. Cultures were analysed for sulfated glycosaminoglycans (alcian blue staining) and for the presence of collagen type I, II and X (immunolabelling). SV40 large T-antigen immortalised human MSCs have the potential to undergo chondrogenic differentiation: After 21 days, cartilage-specific type II collagen was present in alginate and PGA/PLLA scaffolds, independent of the addition of TGF-β1. Collagen type X was present in monolayer cultures as well as in alginate and PGA/PLLA scaffolds. Collagen type I was produced in marginal amounts only. Immortalised human MSCs are a suitable tool to study chondrogenesis in vitro and to screen biomaterials for cartilage tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Stölzel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Charité-University of Medicine, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany,
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Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells migrate to healthy and damaged salivary glands following stem cell infusion. Int J Oral Sci 2014; 6:154-61. [PMID: 24810808 PMCID: PMC4170149 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2014.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Xerostomia is a severe side effect of radiation therapy in head and neck cancer patients. To date, no satisfactory treatment option has been established. Because mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been identified as a potential treatment modality, we aimed to evaluate stem cell distribution following intravenous and intraglandular injections using a surgical model of salivary gland damage and to analyse the effects of MSC injections on the recruitment of immune cells. The submandibular gland ducts of rats were surgically ligated. Syngeneic adult MSCs were isolated, immortalised by simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen and characterized by flow cytometry. MSCs were injected intravenously and intraglandularly. After 1, 3 and 7 days, the organs of interest were analysed for stem cell recruitment. Inflammation was analysed by immunohistochemical staining. We were able to demonstrate that, after intravenous injection, MSCs were recruited to normal and damaged submandibular glands on days 1, 3 and 7. Unexpectedly, stem cells were recruited to ligated and non-ligated glands in a comparable manner. After intraglandular injection of MSCs into ligated glands, the presence of MSCs, leucocytes and macrophages was enhanced, compared to intravenous injection of stem cells. Our data suggest that injected MSCs were retained within the inflamed glands, could become activated and subsequently recruited leucocytes to the sites of tissue damage.
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Image-guided, tumor stroma-targeted 131I therapy of hepatocellular cancer after systemic mesenchymal stem cell-mediated NIS gene delivery. Mol Ther 2011; 19:1704-13. [PMID: 21587211 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2011.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its dual role as reporter and therapy gene, the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) allows noninvasive imaging of functional NIS expression by (123)I-scintigraphy or (124)I-PET imaging before the application of a therapeutic dose of (131)I. NIS expression provides a novel mechanism for the evaluation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as gene delivery vehicles for tumor therapy. In the current study, we stably transfected bone marrow-derived CD34(-) MSCs with NIS cDNA (NIS-MSC), which revealed high levels of functional NIS protein expression. In mixed populations of NIS-MSCs and hepatocellular cancer (HCC) cells, clonogenic assays showed a 55% reduction of HCC cell survival after (131)I application. We then investigated body distribution of NIS-MSCs by (123)I-scintigraphy and (124)I-PET imaging following intravenous (i.v.) injection of NIS-MSCs in a HCC xenograft mouse model demonstrating active MSC recruitment into the tumor stroma which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and ex vivo γ-counter analysis. Three cycles of systemic MSC-mediated NIS gene delivery followed by (131)I application resulted in a significant delay in tumor growth. Our results demonstrate tumor-specific accumulation and therapeutic efficacy of radioiodine after MSC-mediated NIS gene delivery in HCC tumors, opening the prospect of NIS-mediated radionuclide therapy of metastatic cancer using MSCs as gene delivery vehicles.
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Bouloy M, Flick R. Reverse genetics technology for Rift Valley fever virus: current and future applications for the development of therapeutics and vaccines. Antiviral Res 2009; 84:101-18. [PMID: 19682499 PMCID: PMC2801414 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Revised: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The advent of reverse genetics technology has revolutionized the study of RNA viruses, making it possible to manipulate their genomes and evaluate the effects of these changes on their biology and pathogenesis. The fundamental insights gleaned from reverse genetics-based studies over the last several years provide a new momentum for the development of designed therapies for the control and prevention of these viral pathogens. This review summarizes the successes and stumbling blocks in the development of reverse genetics technologies for Rift Valley fever virus and their application to the further dissection of its pathogenesis and the design of new therapeutics and safe and effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Bouloy
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Bunyavirus, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex, France
| | - Ramon Flick
- BioProtection Systems Corporation, 2901 South Loop Drive, Suite 3360, Ames, IA 50010-8646, USA
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Allogeneic non-adherent bone marrow cells facilitate hematopoietic recovery but do not lead to allogeneic engraftment. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6157. [PMID: 19582154 PMCID: PMC2701999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non adherent bone marrow derived cells (NA-BMCs) have recently been described to give rise to multiple mesenchymal phenotypes and have an impact in tissue regeneration. Therefore, the effects of murine bone marrow derived NA-BMCs were investigated with regard to engraftment capacities in allogeneic and syngeneic stem cell transplantation using transgenic, human CD4+, murine CD4−/−, HLA-DR3+ mice. Methodology/Principal Findings Bone marrow cells were harvested from C57Bl/6 and Balb/c wild-type mice, expanded to NA-BMCs for 4 days and characterized by flow cytometry before transplantation in lethally irradiated recipient mice. Chimerism was detected using flow cytometry for MHC-I (H-2D[b], H-2K[d]), mu/huCD4, and huHLA-DR3). Culturing of bone marrow cells in a dexamethasone containing DMEM medium induced expansion of non adherent cells expressing CD11b, CD45, and CD90. Analysis of the CD45+ showed depletion of CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, and CD117+ cells. Expanded syngeneic and allogeneic NA-BMCs were transplanted into triple transgenic mice. Syngeneic NA-BMCs protected 83% of mice from death (n = 8, CD4+ donor chimerism of 5.8±2.4% [day 40], P<.001). Allogeneic NA-BMCs preserved 62.5% (n = 8) of mice from death without detectable hematopoietic donor chimerism. Transplantation of syngeneic bone marrow cells preserved 100%, transplantation of allogeneic bone marrow cells 33% of mice from death. Conclusions/Significance NA-BMCs triggered endogenous hematopoiesis and induced faster recovery compared to bone marrow controls. These findings may be of relevance in the refinement of strategies in the treatment of hematological malignancies.
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Park SK, Won JH, Kim HJ, Bae SB, Kim CK, Lee KT, Lee NS, Lee YK, Jeong DC, Chung NG, Kim HS, Hong DS, Park HS. Co-transplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells promotes human CD34+ cells engraftment in a dose-dependent fashion in NOD/SCID mice. J Korean Med Sci 2007; 22:412-9. [PMID: 17596646 PMCID: PMC2693630 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2007.22.3.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have recently been identified and characterized in humans. Moreover, MSC secrete cytokines that can support hematopoietic progenitor growth. In the present study, we evaluated whether the efficacy of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is improved by their co-transplantation with MSC, and whether this is positively correlated with the dose of infused MSCs. Accordingly, irradiated NOD/SCID mice were transplanted with 1 x 10(5) human CD34+ cells in the presence or absence of culture expanded MSCs (1 x 10(6) or 5 x 10(6)). We evaluated human hematopoietic cell engraftment by flow cytometry and assessed MSC tissue distributions by fluorescence in situ hybridization. We found that CD45+ and CD34+ cell levels were significantly elevated in a dose-dependent manner in co-transplanted mice 4 weeks after transplantation. The engraftments of CD33+ and CD19+ cells also increased dose-dependently. However, the engraftment of CD3+ cells did not increase after co-transplantation with MSCs. Human Y chromosome+ cells were observed in multiple tissues and were more frequently observed in mice co-transplanted with 5 x 10(6) rather than 1 x 10(6) MSCs. These results suggest that MSCs are capable of enhancing hematopoietic cell engraftment and distribution in multiple organs in a dose-dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Kyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Won
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Byung Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan-Kyu Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu-Taeg Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam-Su Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - You Kyoung Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae-Chul Jeong
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nak-Gyun Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Research Institute, Pharmicell Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae-Sik Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Sook Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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10
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Riha GM, Lin PH, Lumsden AB, Yao Q, Chen C. Review: application of stem cells for vascular tissue engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 11:1535-52. [PMID: 16259608 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2005.11.1535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As the prevalence of vascular disease has continued to expand, the need for a suitable arterial replacement has prompted researchers to look beyond synthetic and autologous grafts toward the field of tissue engineering. Advances in vascular tissue engineering have utilized both mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells as a cell source in an attempt to create a fully engineered small-diameter graft. Stem cells offer enormous potential as a cell source because of their proliferative and growth potential, and the application of stem cell technology has far-reaching implications for future applications. The innovative use of stem cells for vascular tissue engineering has opened new possibilities for a fully engineered blood vessel. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current perspective on the use of stem cells for vascular tissue engineering. It focuses principally on the classes of stem cells used, techniques for differentiation scaffolding technology, and the successes and failures of models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon M Riha
- Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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11
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Palmer GD, Steinert A, Pascher A, Gouze E, Gouze JN, Betz O, Johnstone B, Evans CH, Ghivizzani SC. Gene-induced chondrogenesis of primary mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Mol Ther 2005; 12:219-28. [PMID: 16043093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2005.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2004] [Revised: 03/01/2005] [Accepted: 03/11/2005] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capacity to differentiate into various connective tissues such as cartilage and bone following stimulation with certain growth factors. However, less is known about the capacity of these cells to undergo chondrogenesis when these proteins are delivered via gene transfer. In this study, we investigated chondrogenesis of primary, bone marrow-derived MSCs in aggregate cultures following genetic modification with adenoviral vectors encoding chondrogenic growth factors. We found that adenoviral-mediated expression of TGF-beta1 and BMP-2, but not IGF-1, induced chondrogenesis of MSCs as evidenced by toluidine blue metachromasia and immunohistochemical detection of type II collagen. Chondrogenesis correlated with the level and duration of expressed protein and was strongest in aggregates expressing 10-100 ng/ml transgene product. Transgene expression in all aggregates was highly transient, showing a marked decrease after 7 days. Chondrogenesis was inhibited in aggregates modified to express >100 ng/ml TGF-beta1 or BMP-2; however, this was found to be partly due to the inhibitory effect of exposure to high adenoviral loads. Our findings indicate that parameters such as these are important functional considerations for adapting gene transfer technologies to induce chondrogenesis of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glyn D Palmer
- Center for Molecular Orthopaedics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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12
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Xia Z, Ye H, Locklin RM, Ferguson DJP, Cui Z, Triffitt JT. Efficient characterisation of human cell–bioceramic interactions in vitro and in vivo by using enhanced GFP-labelled mesenchymal stem cells. Biomaterials 2005; 26:5790-800. [PMID: 15882901 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2004] [Accepted: 02/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were transfected using four retroviral pseudotypes, amphotropic murine leukemia viruses 4070 (MuLV-10A1), a modification of amphotropic pseudotype 4073 (A71G, Q74K, V139M), gibbon ape leukemia virus (GaLV), or feline endogenous virus (RD114) encoding the neomycin resistance (Neo(r)) gene and enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) as genetic markers. It was observed that the MuLV4073 was the most efficient pseudotype for hMSC transfection. The proliferation and differentiation characteristics of eGFP-labelled hMSCs were not significantly different from control hMSCs. G418 selected eGFP-labelled cells were cultured for 3 weeks on two porous, commercially available calcium phosphate bioceramics, a "synthetic hydroxyapatite" and a "deproteinised bone", before implantation into NOD/SCID mice for up to 4 weeks. The eGFP-labelled hMSCs could be readily visualised by their intense green fluorescence both in vitro and in vivo. In "synthetic hydroxyapatite" implants the cells remained in a monolayer, whereas in "deproteinised bone" implants mineralised tissues were detected by histology, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. From the results, it is concluded that the use of eGFP-labelled hMSCs is an effective tool to trace the fate of hMSCs and evaluate the interactions between cells and ceramics both in vitro and in vivo. This is of great value in prospective assessments of these cell populations for use in tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidao Xia
- BotnarResearch Centre , Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
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Von Lüttichau I, Notohamiprodjo M, Wechselberger A, Peters C, Henger A, Seliger C, Djafarzadeh R, Huss R, Nelson PJ. Human adult CD34- progenitor cells functionally express the chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR4, CCR7, CXCR5, and CCR10 but not CXCR4. Stem Cells Dev 2005; 14:329-36. [PMID: 15969628 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2005.14.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The homing and tissue-specific recruitment of bone marrow-derived progenitor cells is a major issue in stem cell research and therapy. Chemokine biology plays a central role in the homing and trafficking of leukocytes. Here we show functional expression of the chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR4, CCR7, CCR10, and CXCR5 on primary isolates of CD34- mesenchymal progenitor cells as well as immortalized mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) lines. Although mRNA expression of CXCR4 was detected in both primary cells and immortalized clones, the receptor was not expressed on the cell surface. On the basis of this expression profile, the MSC could potentially home to secondary lymphatic organs (CCR7, CXCR5), skin (CCR4, CCR10), small intestine (CCR10), and salivary glands (CCR10). To study tissue-specific homing, murine CD34- MSC lines showing concordant chemokine receptor expression were either transiently labeled with CMFDA, or were stably transfected with green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression plasmids. The MSC were then injected into syngeneic healthy mice, and the distribution of the cells determined. The injected cells efficiently homed to spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes. In addition, cells were found in the mucosa of the small intestine, skin, and salivary gland. No significant recruitment to bone marrow, liver, or kidney was seen. Chemokine biology may play an important role in the homeostasis and potentially tissue recruitment of early adult progenitor cells.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD
- Antigens, CD34/genetics
- Cell Line
- Cell Movement
- Flow Cytometry
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/immunology
- Humans
- Receptors, CCR1
- Receptors, CCR10
- Receptors, CCR4
- Receptors, CCR7
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR5
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Receptors, Cytokine/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Abstract
Various stem cell populations have been described in distinct models of liver regeneration. This review provides an overview of these different stem cell populations aimed at unifying diverse views of liver stem cell biology. Embryonic stem cells, hemopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, liver-derived hepatic stem cells, bone marrow-derived hepatic stem cells, and mature hepatocytes (as cells with stemlike properties) are considered separately. In so doing, we seek to clarify the nomenclature of putative liver stem cell types. Experiments that address the question of cellular fusion versus transdifferentiation as explanations for observed liver regeneration are highlighted. This review concludes with a series of open questions that should be addressed in the context of clinical liver disease before attempts at human therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc H Dahlke
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Australia
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Conrad C, Gottgens B, Kinston S, Ellwart J, Huss R. GATA transcription in a small rhodamine 123(low)CD34(+) subpopulation of a peripheral blood-derived CD34(-)CD105(+) mesenchymal cell line. Exp Hematol 2002; 30:887-95. [PMID: 12160840 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(02)00865-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Based on previous animal experiments that suggest the plasticity of peripheral blood-derived, CD34(-) stem cell lines, the aim of this study was to isolate CD34(-) stem cell lines from human peripheral blood cells and obtain evidence of their multipotency and plasticity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adherent growing cells were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a healthy volunteer donor and different cell clones were established after SV40 large-T-antigen-mediated immortalization. The immunophenotype of the cell lines was investigated by flow cytometry. One particular cell clone, V54/2, was stained with rhodamine 123, and the Rh123(low) and Rh123(high) subpopulations were sorted for a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction gene expression survey and distinct differences in morphology and biologic behavior. RESULTS The peripheral blood-derived and fibroblast-like cell line V54/2 expressed high levels of CD10 and CD105 and showed only a very low level expression of CD34 (<1.0%) and CD117 (c-kit). Among the entire CD34(-)CD105(+) cell population that transcribed factors such as Myb, Tie-1, and VEGF, there was a small Rh123(low)CD34(+) subpopulation that transcribed significant levels of several members of the GATA family of transcription factors. The morphology of the Rh123(low)CD34(+) (also expressing the P-glycoprotein) was different compared to the Rh123(high)CD34(-) population. Mesenchymal differentiation into glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)(+) glial cells could be shown from the entire CD34(-)CD105(+) cell population. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide evidence that it is possible to isolate CD34(-)CD105(+) mesenchymal stem cell lines from human peripheral blood cells that contain a small subpopulation of CD34(+) and GATA-transcribing cells. Those cells are potential hematopoietic progenitors and can be recruited from the CD34(-) stem cell pool. The plasticity of stem cells seems to require essential molecular tools, such as a panel of transcription factors, to respond to the environmental demand within a biologic system.
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