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Hochmann S, Ou K, Poupardin R, Mittermeir M, Textor M, Ali S, Wolf M, Ellinghaus A, Jacobi D, Elmiger JAJ, Donsante S, Riminucci M, Schäfer R, Kornak U, Klein O, Schallmoser K, Schmidt-Bleek K, Duda GN, Polansky JK, Geissler S, Strunk D. The enhancer landscape predetermines the skeletal regeneration capacity of stromal cells. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabm7477. [PMID: 36947595 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abm7477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Multipotent stromal cells are considered attractive sources for cell therapy and tissue engineering. Despite numerous experimental and clinical studies, broad application of stromal cell therapeutics is not yet emerging. A major challenge is the functional diversity of available cell sources. Here, we investigated the regenerative potential of clinically relevant human stromal cells from bone marrow (BMSCs), white adipose tissue, and umbilical cord compared with mature chondrocytes and skin fibroblasts in vitro and in vivo. Although all stromal cell types could express transcription factors related to endochondral ossification, only BMSCs formed cartilage discs in vitro that fully regenerated critical-size femoral defects after transplantation into mice. We identified cell type-specific epigenetic landscapes as the underlying molecular mechanism controlling transcriptional stromal differentiation networks. Binding sites of commonly expressed transcription factors in the enhancer and promoter regions of ossification-related genes, including Runt and bZIP families, were accessible only in BMSCs but not in extraskeletal stromal cells. This suggests an epigenetically predetermined differentiation potential depending on cell origin that allows common transcription factors to trigger distinct organ-specific transcriptional programs, facilitating forward selection of regeneration-competent cell sources. Last, we demonstrate that viable human BMSCs initiated defect healing through the secretion of osteopontin and contributed to transient mineralized bone hard callus formation after transplantation into immunodeficient mice, which was eventually replaced by murine recipient bone during final tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hochmann
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Kristy Ou
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), T Cell Epigenetics, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rodolphe Poupardin
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michaela Mittermeir
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Textor
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute (JWI), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Salaheddine Ali
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Wolf
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Agnes Ellinghaus
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute (JWI), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorit Jacobi
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute (JWI), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Juri A J Elmiger
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute (JWI), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Samantha Donsante
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Riminucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Richard Schäfer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe University Hospital, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen gGmbH, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Kornak
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Klein
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Katharina Schmidt-Bleek
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute (JWI), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg N Duda
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute (JWI), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julia K Polansky
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), T Cell Epigenetics, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ), 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Geissler
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute (JWI), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BECAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Kruchen A, Johann PD, Rekowski L, Müller I. Epigenetic Modification of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Bone Marrow and Embryonal Tumors to Facilitate Immunotherapeutic Approaches in Pediatric Malignancies. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2121-2135. [PMID: 36975506 PMCID: PMC10047030 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are part of the bone marrow architecture and contribute to the homeostasis of hematopoietic stem cells. Moreover, they are known to regulate immune effector cells. These properties of MSC are pivotal under physiologic conditions, and they may aberrantly also protect malignant cells. MSCs are also found in the leukemic stem cell niche of the bone marrow and as part of the tumor microenvironment. Here, they protect malignant cells from chemotherapeutic drugs and from immune effector cells in immunotherapeutic approaches. Modulation of these mechanisms may improve the efficacy of therapeutic regimens. We investigated the effect of the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA, Vorinostat™) on the immunomodulatory effect and cytokine profile of MSC derived from bone marrow and pediatric tumors. The immune phenotype of MSC was not markedly affected. SAHA-treated MSC showed reduced immunomodulatory effects on T cell proliferation and NK cell cytotoxicity. This effect was accompanied by an altered cytokine profile of MSC. While untreated MSC inhibited the production of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines, SAHA treatment led to a partial increase in IFNγ and TNFα secretion. These alterations of the immunosuppressive milieu might be beneficial for immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kruchen
- Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Clinic of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pascal-David Johann
- Swabian Children’s Cancer Center, Children’s Hospital, Klinikum Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Rekowski
- Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Clinic of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Research Institute Children’s Cancer Center Hamburg, Martinistr. 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Müller
- Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Clinic of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Research Institute Children’s Cancer Center Hamburg, Martinistr. 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-40-7410-52720; Fax: +49-40-7410-40175
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Afzal E, Pakzad M, Nouri M, Moghadasali R, Zarrabi M. Human umbilical cord serum as an alternative to fetal bovine serum for in vitro expansion of umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells. Cell Tissue Bank 2023; 24:59-66. [PMID: 35635634 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-022-10011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the use of bovine fetal serum (FBS) there is concern about the possibility of disease transmission from animal to human. Therefore, it seems necessary to create culture conditions free of animal serum, especially in cell therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of replacing human umbilical cord serum (hUCS) with FBS for in vitro expansion of umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (UC-MSCs). Here, UC-MSCs were cultured for five days in media supplemented either by hUCS or commercial FBS (Gibco and HyClone) to compare their viability, proliferation, morphology, Immunophenotype and differentiation potential. Our data shows that use of 5% and/or 10% hUCS, resulted in a tenfold increase in the number of MSCs; While in the presence of commercial FBS, this figure reached a maximum of five times. Notably, the rate of cell proliferation in the group containing 2% hUCS was the same as the groups containing 10% commercial FBS. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between groups in terms of viability, surface markers, and multilineage differentiation potential. These results demonstrated that hUCS can efficiently replace FBS for the routine culture of MSCs and can be used ideally in manufacturing process of UC-MSCs in cell therapy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Afzal
- Research and Development Department, Royan Stem Cell Technology Company, Cord Blood Bank, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Pakzad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Nouri
- Research and Development Department, Royan Stem Cell Technology Company, Cord Blood Bank, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Moghadasali
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Zarrabi
- Research and Development Department, Royan Stem Cell Technology Company, Cord Blood Bank, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 19395-4644, Iran.
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Burns JS, Kassem M. Identifying Biomarkers for Osteogenic Potency Assay Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1420:39-58. [PMID: 37258783 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-30040-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
There has been extensive exploration of how cells may serve as advanced therapy medicinal products to treat skeletal pathologies. Osteoblast progenitors responsible for production of extracellular matrix that is subsequently mineralized during bone formation have been characterised as a rare bone marrow subpopulation of cell culture plastic adherent cells. Conveniently, they proliferate to form single-cell derived colonies of fibroblastoid cells, termed colony forming unit fibroblasts that can subsequently differentiate to aggregates resembling small areas of cartilage or bone. However, donor heterogeneity and loss of osteogenic differentiation capacity during extended cell culture have made the discovery of reliable potency assay biomarkers difficult. Nonetheless, functional osteoblast models derived from telomerised human bone marrow stromal cells have allowed extensive comparative analysis of gene expression, microRNA, morphological phenotypes and secreted proteins. This chapter highlights numerous insights into the molecular mechanisms underpinning osteogenic differentiation of multipotent stromal cells and bone formation, discussing aspects involved in the choice of useful biomarkers for functional attributes that can be quantitively measured in osteogenic potency assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge S Burns
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- University Hospital of Odense, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Danish Stem Cell Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Canosa S, Mareschi K, Marini E, Carosso AR, Castiglia S, Rustichelli D, Ferrero I, Gennarelli G, Bussolati B, Nocifora A, Asnaghi V, Bergallo M, Isidoro C, Benedetto C, Revelli A, Fagioli F. A Novel Xeno-Free Method to Isolate Human Endometrial Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (E-MSCs) in Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041931. [PMID: 35216052 PMCID: PMC8876308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclic regeneration of human endometrium is guaranteed by the proliferative capacity of endometrial mesenchymal stromal cells (E-MSCs). Due to this, the autologous infusion of E-MSCs has been proposed to support endometrial growth in a wide range of gynecological diseases. We aimed to compare two different endometrial sampling methods, surgical curettage and vacuum aspiration biopsy random assay (VABRA), and to validate a novel xeno-free method to culture human E-MSCs. Six E-MSCs cell samples were isolated after mechanical tissue homogenization and cultured using human platelet lysate. E-MSCs were characterized for the colony formation capacity, proliferative potential, and multilineage differentiation. The expression of mesenchymal and stemness markers were tested by FACS analysis and real-time PCR, respectively. Chromosomal alterations were evaluated by karyotype analysis, whereas tumorigenic capacity and invasiveness were tested by soft agar assay. Both endometrial sampling techniques allowed efficient isolation and expansion of E-MSCs using a xeno-free method, preserving their mesenchymal and stemness phenotype, proliferative potential, and limited multi-lineage differentiation ability during the culture. No chromosomal alterations and invasive/tumorigenic capacity were observed. Herein, we report the first evidence of efficient E-MSCs isolation and culture in Good Manufacturing Practice compliance conditions, suggesting VABRA endometrial sampling as alternative to surgical curettage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Canosa
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1U, Physiopathology of Reproduction and IVF Unit, S. Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (A.R.C.); (G.G.); (C.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Katia Mareschi
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (E.M.); (M.B.); (F.F.)
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Paediatric Onco-Haematology Division, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, City of Health and Science of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (D.R.); (I.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(011)-313-5420
| | - Elena Marini
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (E.M.); (M.B.); (F.F.)
| | - Andrea Roberto Carosso
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1U, Physiopathology of Reproduction and IVF Unit, S. Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (A.R.C.); (G.G.); (C.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Sara Castiglia
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Paediatric Onco-Haematology Division, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, City of Health and Science of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (D.R.); (I.F.)
| | - Deborah Rustichelli
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Paediatric Onco-Haematology Division, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, City of Health and Science of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (D.R.); (I.F.)
| | - Ivana Ferrero
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Paediatric Onco-Haematology Division, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, City of Health and Science of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (D.R.); (I.F.)
| | - Gianluca Gennarelli
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1U, Physiopathology of Reproduction and IVF Unit, S. Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (A.R.C.); (G.G.); (C.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Molecular Biotechnology Centre, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Alberto Nocifora
- Department of Oncology, Pathology Unit, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Valentina Asnaghi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Genetics Division, City of Health and Science of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano Bergallo
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (E.M.); (M.B.); (F.F.)
- Paediatric Laboratory Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, City of Health and Science of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Ciro Isidoro
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Chiara Benedetto
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1U, Physiopathology of Reproduction and IVF Unit, S. Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (A.R.C.); (G.G.); (C.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Alberto Revelli
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1U, Physiopathology of Reproduction and IVF Unit, S. Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (A.R.C.); (G.G.); (C.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Franca Fagioli
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (E.M.); (M.B.); (F.F.)
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Paediatric Onco-Haematology Division, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, City of Health and Science of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (D.R.); (I.F.)
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Mollentze J, Durandt C, Pepper MS. An In Vitro and In Vivo Comparison of Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:9919361. [PMID: 34539793 PMCID: PMC8443361 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9919361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of stem cells in regenerative medicine, including tissue engineering and transplantation, has generated a great deal of enthusiasm. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from various tissues, most commonly, bone marrow but more recently adipose tissue, dental pulp, and Wharton's jelly, to name a few. MSCs display varying phenotypic profiles and osteogenic differentiating capacity depending and their site of origin. MSCs have been successfully differentiated into osteoblasts both in vitro an in vivo but discrepancies exist when the two are compared: what happens in vitro does not necessarily happen in vivo, and it is therefore important to understand why these differences occur. The osteogenic process is a complex network of transcription factors, stimulators, inhibitors, proteins, etc., and in vivo experiments are helpful in evaluating the various aspects of this osteogenic process without distractions and confounding variables. With that in mind, the results of in vitro experiments need to be carefully considered and interpreted with caution as they do not perfectly replicate the conditions found within living organisms. This is where in vivo experiments help us better understand interactions that might occur in the osteogenic process that cannot be replicated in vitro. Potentially, these differences could also be exploited to develop an optimal MSC cell therapeutic product that can be used for bone disorders. There are many bone disorders, most of which cause a great deal of discomfort. Clinically acceptable protocols could be developed in which MSCs are used to aid in bone regeneration providing relief for patients with chronic pain. The aim of this review is to examine the differences between studies conducted in vitro and in vivo with regard to the osteogenic process to better define the gaps in current osteogenic research. By better understanding osteogenic differentiation, we can better define treatment strategies for various bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Mollentze
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology; SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Chrisna Durandt
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology; SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Michael S. Pepper
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology; SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Human Fallopian Tube - Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Inhibit Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Suppressing Th1/Th17 Activation and Migration to Central Nervous System. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:609-625. [PMID: 34453694 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells comprise a natural reservoir of undifferentiated cells within adult tissues. Given their self-renewal, multipotency, regenerative potential and immunomodulatory properties, MSCs have been reported as a promising cell therapy for the treatment of different diseases, including neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases. In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory properties of human tubal mesenchymal stem cells (htMSCs) using the EAE model. htMSCs were able to suppress dendritic cells activation downregulating antigen presentation-related molecules, such as MHCII, CD80 and CD86, while impairing IFN-γ and IL-17 and increasing IL-10 and IL-4 secretion. It further correlated with milder disease scores when compared to the control group due to fewer leukocytes infiltrating the CNS, specially Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes, associated with increased IL-10 secreting Tr1 cells. Conversely, microglia were less activated and infiltrating mononuclear cells secreted higher levels of IL-4 and IL-10 and expressed reduced chemokine receptors as CCR4, CCR6 and CCR8. qPCR of the spinal cords revealed upregulation of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Taken together, here evidenced the potential of htMSCs as an alternative for the treatment of inflammatory, autoimmune or neurodegenerative diseases.
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Kim JY, Rhim WK, Seo HJ, Lee JY, Park CG, Han DK. Comparative Analysis of MSC-Derived Exosomes Depending on Cell Culture Media for Regenerative Bioactivity. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 18:355-367. [PMID: 34047999 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00352-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to produce and isolate the exosome derived from the cell of interests, a serum free environment (starvation) has been essential for excluding the unknown effect from serum-derived exosomes. Recently, serum-free culture media have been developed as a substitute for serum supplemented media so that MSC proliferates with maintaining the original characteristics of the cells in a serum free condition. Due to the different properties of the exosomes representing the states and characteristics of the origin cells, a study is needed to compare the properties of the cell-derived exosomes according to the cell culture media. METHODS To compare the cell culture condition on exosomes, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) were cultured with two different media, serum containing media, 10% FBS supplemented DMEM (NM) and serum-free chemically defined media, CellCor™ CD MSC (CDM). To remove FBS-derived exosomes from UCMSC cultured with NM, the medium was replaced with FBS-free DMEM for starvation during exosome isolation. The production yield and expression levels of angiogenic and pro-inflammatory factors were compared. And, the subpopulations of exosome were classified depending on the surface properties and loaded cytokines. Finally, the wound healing and angiogenic effects have been evaluated using in vitro assays. RESULTS The UCMSC-derived exosomes under two different cell culture media could be classified into subpopulations according to the surface composition and loaded cytokines. Especially, exosome derived from UCMSC cultured with CDM showed higher expression levels of cytokines related to regenerative bioactivities which resulted in enhanced wound healing and angiogenesis. CONCLUSION CDM has the advantages to maintain cell proliferation even during the period of exosome isolations and eliminate unknown side effects caused by serum-derived exosomes. Additionally, exosomes derived from UCMSC cultured with CDM show better wound healing and angiogenic effects due to a lot of regeneration-related cytokines and less pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to with NM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.,ntelligent Precision of Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyu Rhim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Seo
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Youn Lee
- Xcell Therapeutics, Hanhwa Biz metro Building, 242 Digital-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08394, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Gwon Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.,ntelligent Precision of Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Keun Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea.
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Pezzanite L, Chow L, Griffenhagen G, Dow S, Goodrich L. Impact of Three Different Serum Sources on Functional Properties of Equine Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:634064. [PMID: 33996964 PMCID: PMC8119767 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.634064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Culture and expansion of equine mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are routinely performed using fetal bovine serum (FBS) as a source of growth factors, nutrients, and extracellular matrix proteins. However, the desire to minimize introduction of xenogeneic bovine proteins or pathogens and to standardize cellular products intended for clinical application has driven evaluation of alternatives to FBS. Replacement of FBS in culture for several days before administration has been proposed to reduce antigenicity and potentially prolong survival after injection. However, the functional consequences of MSC culture in different serum types have not been fully evaluated. The objective of this study was to compare the immunomodulatory and antibacterial properties of MSCs cultured in three serum sources: FBS or autologous or allogeneic equine serum. We hypothesized that continuous culture in FBS would generate MSCs with improved functionality compared to equine serum and that there would not be important differences between MSCs cultured in autologous vs. allogeneic equine serum. To address these questions, MSCs from three healthy donor horses were expanded in medium with FBS and then switched to culture in FBS or autologous or allogeneic equine serum for 72 h. The impact of this 72-h culture period in different sera on cell viability, cell doubling time, cell morphology, bactericidal capability, chondrogenic differentiation, and production of cytokines and antimicrobial peptides was assessed. Altering serum source did not affect cell viability or morphology. However, cells cultured in FBS had shorter cell doubling times and secreted more interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-17, RANTES, granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor, fibroblast growth factor 2, eotaxin, and antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin/LL-37 than cells cultured in either source of equine serum. Cells cultured in FBS also exhibited greater spontaneous bactericidal activity. Notably, significant differences in any of these parameters were not observed when autologous vs. allogeneic equine serum was used for cell culture. Chondrogenic differentiation was not different between different serum sources. These results indicate that MSC culture in FBS will generate more functional cells based on a number of parameters and that the theoretical risks of FBS use in MSC culture should be weighed against the loss of MSC function likely to be incurred from culture in equine serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Pezzanite
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Lyndah Chow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Gregg Griffenhagen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Steven Dow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Laurie Goodrich
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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10
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Döring M, Cabanillas Stanchi KM, Lenglinger K, Treuner C, Gieseke F, Erbacher A, Mezger M, Vaegler M, Schlegel PG, Greil J, Bettoni da Cunha Riehm C, Faul C, Schumm M, Lang P, Handgretinger R, Müller I. Long-Term Follow-Up After the Application of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Children and Adolescents with Steroid-Refractory Graft-Versus-Host Disease. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:234-246. [PMID: 33446053 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid-refractory graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a life-threatening complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT). Alternative treatment options are often insufficient. Several studies have proven the efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in the treatment of therapy-refractory acute GvHD in adult and pediatric patients. Long-term data in pediatric patients are scarce. In this retrospective analysis, a total of 25 patients with a median age of 10.6 years (range 0.6-22.1 years) who received bone marrow-derived MSCs after alloHSCT for the treatment of steroid-refractory III and IV GvHD were analyzed. The median observation period of the surviving patients was 9.3 years (1.3-12.7 years) after HSCT. Among the 25 patients, 10 (40.0%) died [relapse (n = 3), multiorgan failure (n = 6), cardiorespiratory failure (n = 1)] at median 0.5 years (0.2-2.3 years) after HSCT. Partial response and complete remission (PR, CR) of the GvHD were achieved in 76.0% and 24.0% of the patients, respectively. Transplant-related mortality was 0% in the patients who achieved CR after MSC treatment and 26.3% for those with PR. A median improvement by one intestinal or liver GvHD stage (range 1-4) could be achieved after MSC application. No potentially MSC-related long-term adverse effects, for example, secondary malignancy, were identified. In conclusion, the intravenous application of allogeneic MSCs was safe and proved effective for the treatment of steroid-refractory GvHD. However, larger, prospective, and randomized trials are needed to evaluate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Döring
- Department I-General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Katrin Lenglinger
- Department I-General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Treuner
- Department I-General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Friederike Gieseke
- Department I-General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annika Erbacher
- Department I-General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Mezger
- Department I-General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Vaegler
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, GMP-Facility for Cellular Therapies, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Berlin Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul-Gerhardt Schlegel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johann Greil
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Faul
- University Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Schumm
- Department I-General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Lang
- Department I-General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rupert Handgretinger
- Department I-General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Müller
- Division for Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Clinic for Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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11
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Kirsch M, Rach J, Handke W, Seltsam A, Pepelanova I, Strauß S, Vogt P, Scheper T, Lavrentieva A. Comparative Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Cultivation in Fetal Calf Serum, Human Serum, and Platelet Lysate in 2D and 3D Systems. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:598389. [PMID: 33520956 PMCID: PMC7844400 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.598389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultivation of mammalian cells requires supplementation with serum. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used in clinical trials for bioregenerative medicine and in most cases, in vitro expansion and differentiation of these cells are required before application. Optimized expansion and differentiation protocols play a key role in the treatment outcome. 3D cell cultivation systems are more comparable to in vivo conditions and can provide both, more physiological MSC expansion and a better understanding of intercellular and cell-matrix interactions. Xeno-free cultivation conditions minimize risks of immune response after implantation. Human platelet lysate (hPL) appears to be a valuable alternative to widely used fetal calf serum (FCS) since no ethical issues are associated with its harvest, it contains a high concentration of growth factors and cytokines and it can be produced from expired platelet concentrate. In this study, we analyzed and compared proliferation, as well as osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived MSCs (hAD-MSC) using three different supplements: FCS, human serum (HS), and hPL in 2D. Furthermore, online monitoring of osteogenic differentiation under the influence of different supplements was performed in 2D. hPL-cultivated MSCs exhibited a higher proliferation and differentiation rate compared to HS- or FCS-cultivated cells. We demonstrated a fast and successful chondrogenic differentiation in the 2D system with the addition of hPL. Additionally, FCS, HS, and hPL were used to formulate Gelatin-methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels in order to evaluate the influence of the different supplements on the cell spreading and proliferation of cells growing in 3D culture. In addition, the hydrogel constructs were cultivated in media supplemented with three different supplements. In comparison to FCS and HS, the addition of hPL to GelMA hydrogels during the encapsulation of hAD-MSCs resulted in enhanced cell spreading and proliferation. This effect was promoted even further by cultivating the hydrogel constructs in hPL-supplemented media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marline Kirsch
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Jessica Rach
- German Red Cross Blood Service NSTOB, Institute Springe, Springe, Germany
| | - Wiebke Handke
- Bavarian Red Cross Blood Service, Institute Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Axel Seltsam
- Bavarian Red Cross Blood Service, Institute Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Iliyana Pepelanova
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Sarah Strauß
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Peter Vogt
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
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12
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Liu P, Yu C. Long-term expansion and enhanced osteogenic potential of Macaca MSCs via BMP signaling modulation. Tissue Cell 2020; 67:101449. [PMID: 33096464 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a potential source of osteoblasts for the treatment of osteoporosis, but how to better preserve the stemness of MSCs in vitro culture conditions is the main challenge for MSC transplantation. The use of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) supplement has been described and used extensively to increase the expansion of MSCs. Cumulative evidence indicates that bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2; a member of the TGF-β superfamily) is a secreted protein that promotes bone formation, which can regulate cell growth, differentiation, and development. Here we found that BMP2, in combination with FGF2, not only enhanced the proliferation of Macaca bone marrow-derived MSCs but also strengthened their osteogenic potential after short-term expansion in vitro. During long-term expansion, these cells still retained their osteogenic potential as well as other functional characteristics of pluripotent MSCs, which are gradually lost in the absence of BMP2. In addition, the BMP antagonist Noggin did not affect MSC expansion and the osteogenic potential. This study demonstrates that the regulation of BMP signaling can maintain the effectiveness of MSCs during expansion, which promotes the clinical application of MSCs in bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China.
| | - Cecilia Yu
- Sifang College, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China.
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13
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Mareschi K, Castiglia S, Adamini A, Rustichelli D, Marini E, Banche Niclot AGS, Bergallo M, Labanca L, Ferrero I, Fagioli F. Inactivated Platelet Lysate Supports the Proliferation and Immunomodulant Characteristics of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in GMP Culture Conditions. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8070220. [PMID: 32708843 PMCID: PMC7400095 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8070220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) are considered advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) and need to be produced according to good manufacturing practice (GMP) in their clinical use. Human platelet lysate (HPL) is a good GMP-compliant alternative to animal serum, and we have demonstrated that after pathogen inactivation with psoralen, it was safer and more efficient to use psoralen in the production of MSCs following GMP guidelines. In this study, the MSCs cultivated in fetal bovine serum (FBS-MSC) or inactivated HPL (iHPL-MSC) were compared for their immunomodulatory properties. We studied the effects of MSCs on (1) the proliferation of total lymphocytes (Ly) and on naïve T Ly subsets induced to differentiate in Th1 versus Th2 Ly; (2) the immunophenotype of different T-cell subsets; (3) and the cytokine release to verify Th1, Th2, and Th17 polarization. These were analyzed by using an in vitro co-culture system. We observed that iHPL-MSCs showed the same immunomodulatory properties observed in the FBS-MSC co-cultures. Furthermore, a more efficient effect on the increase of naïve T- cells and in the Th1 cytokine release from iHPL was observed. This study confirms that iHPL, used as a medium supplement, may be considered a good alternative to FBS for a GMP-compliant MSC expansion, and also to preserve their immunomodulatory proprieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Mareschi
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, The University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Torino, Italy; (E.M.); (A.G.S.B.N); (M.B.); (F.F.)
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Paediatric Onco-Haematology Division, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, City of Health and Science of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (A.A.); (D.R.); (I.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-11-3135420
| | - Sara Castiglia
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Paediatric Onco-Haematology Division, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, City of Health and Science of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (A.A.); (D.R.); (I.F.)
| | - Aloe Adamini
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Paediatric Onco-Haematology Division, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, City of Health and Science of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (A.A.); (D.R.); (I.F.)
| | - Deborah Rustichelli
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Paediatric Onco-Haematology Division, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, City of Health and Science of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (A.A.); (D.R.); (I.F.)
| | - Elena Marini
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, The University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Torino, Italy; (E.M.); (A.G.S.B.N); (M.B.); (F.F.)
| | - Alessia Giovanna Santa Banche Niclot
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, The University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Torino, Italy; (E.M.); (A.G.S.B.N); (M.B.); (F.F.)
| | - Massimiliano Bergallo
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, The University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Torino, Italy; (E.M.); (A.G.S.B.N); (M.B.); (F.F.)
| | - Luciana Labanca
- Blood Component Production and Validation Center, City of Health and Science of Turin, S. Anna Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Ivana Ferrero
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Paediatric Onco-Haematology Division, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, City of Health and Science of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (A.A.); (D.R.); (I.F.)
| | - Franca Fagioli
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, The University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Torino, Italy; (E.M.); (A.G.S.B.N); (M.B.); (F.F.)
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Paediatric Onco-Haematology Division, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, City of Health and Science of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (A.A.); (D.R.); (I.F.)
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14
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García-Fernández C, López-Fernández A, Borrós S, Lecina M, Vives J. Strategies for large-scale expansion of clinical-grade human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Olm F, Lim HC, Schallmoser K, Strunk D, Laurell T, Scheding S. Acoustophoresis Enables the Label‐Free Separation of Functionally Different Subsets of Cultured Bone Marrow Stromal Cells. Cytometry A 2020; 99:476-487. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Olm
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center and Molecular Hematology Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Hooi Ching Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center and Molecular Hematology Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Katharina Schallmoser
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Austria
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Cell Therapy, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Austria
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Stefan Scheding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center and Molecular Hematology Lund University Lund Sweden
- Department of Haematology Skåne University Hospital Lund Sweden
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16
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Castilla-Casadiego DA, Reyes-Ramos AM, Domenech M, Almodovar J. Effects of Physical, Chemical, and Biological Stimulus on h-MSC Expansion and Their Functional Characteristics. Ann Biomed Eng 2020; 48:519-535. [PMID: 31705365 PMCID: PMC6952531 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Human adult mesenchymal stem or stromal cells (h-MSC) therapy has gained considerable attention due to the potential to treat or cure diseases given their immunosuppressive properties and tissue regeneration capabilities. Researchers have explored diverse strategies to promote high h-MSC production without losing functional characteristics or properties. Physical stimulus including stiffness, geometry, and topography, chemical stimulus, like varying the surface chemistry, and biochemical stimuli such as cytokines, hormones, small molecules, and herbal extracts have been studied but have yet to be translated to industrial manufacturing practice. In this review, we describe the role of those stimuli on h-MSC manufacturing, and how these stimuli positively promote h-MSC properties, impacting the cell manufacturing field for cell-based therapies. In addition, we discuss other process considerations such as bioreactor design, good manufacturing practice, and the importance of the cell donor and ethics factors for manufacturing potent h-MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Castilla-Casadiego
- Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 3202 Bell Engineering Center, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Ana M Reyes-Ramos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico Mayagüez, Call Box 9000, Mayagüez, PR, 00681-9000, USA
| | - Maribella Domenech
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico Mayagüez, Call Box 9000, Mayagüez, PR, 00681-9000, USA
| | - Jorge Almodovar
- Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 3202 Bell Engineering Center, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
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17
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Kirsch M, Birnstein L, Pepelanova I, Handke W, Rach J, Seltsam A, Scheper T, Lavrentieva A. Gelatin-Methacryloyl (GelMA) Formulated with Human Platelet Lysate Supports Mesenchymal Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation and Enhances the Hydrogel's Mechanical Properties. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:E76. [PMID: 31466260 PMCID: PMC6784140 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6030076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture is a major focus of current research, since cultivation under physiological conditions provides more reliable information about in vivo cell behavior. 3D cell cultures are used in basic research to better understand intercellular and cell-matrix interactions. However, 3D cell culture plays an increasingly important role in the in vitro testing of bioactive substances and tissue engineering. Gelatin-methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels of different degrees of functionalization (DoFs) are a versatile tool for 3D cell culture and related applications such as bioprinting. Human platelet lysate (hPL) has already demonstrated positive effects on 2D cell cultures of different cell types and has proven a valuable alternative to fetal calf serum (FCS). Traditionally, all hydrogels are formulated using buffers. In this study, we supplemented GelMA hydrogels of different DoF with hPL during adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell (AD-MSCs) encapsulation. We studied the effect of hPL supplementation on the spreading, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of AD-MSCs. In addition, the influence of hPL on hydrogel properties was also investigated. We demonstrate that the addition of hPL enhanced AD-MSC spreading, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the addition of hPL also increased GelMA viscosity and stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marline Kirsch
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Luise Birnstein
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Iliyana Pepelanova
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Wiebke Handke
- German Red Cross Blood Service NSTOB, 31832 Springe, Germany
| | - Jessica Rach
- German Red Cross Blood Service NSTOB, 31832 Springe, Germany
| | - Axel Seltsam
- German Red Cross Blood Service NSTOB, 31832 Springe, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Antonina Lavrentieva
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
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18
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Doornaert M, De Maere E, Colle J, Declercq H, Taminau J, Lemeire K, Berx G, Blondeel P. Xenogen-free isolation and culture of human adipose mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2019; 40:101532. [PMID: 31421383 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose-derived Stem Cells (ASCs) present great potential for reconstructive procedures. Currently, isolation by enzyme digestion and culturing using xenogenic substances remain the gold standard, impairing clinical use. METHODS Abdominal lipo-aspirate and blood samples were obtained from healthy patients. A novel mechanical isolation method for ASCs was compared to (the standard) collagenase digestion. ASCs are examined by flowcytometry and multilineage differentiation assays. Cell cultures were performed without xenogenic or toxic substances, using autologous plasma extracted from peripheral blood. After eGFP-transfection, an in vivo differentiation assay was performed. RESULTS Mechanical isolation is more successful in isolating CD34+/CD31-/CD45-/CD13+/CD73+/CD146- ASCs from lipo-aspirate than isolation via collagenase digestion (p <0 .05). ASCs display multilineage differentiation potential in vitro. Autologous plasma is a valid additive for ASCs culturing. eGFP-ASCs, retrieved after 3 months in vivo, differentiated in adipocytes and endothelial cells. CONCLUSION A practical method for human ASC isolation and culturing from abdominal lipo-aspirate, without the addition of xenogenic substances, is described. The mechanical protocol is more successful than the current gold standard protocol of enzyme digestion. These results are important in the translation of laboratory-based cell cultures to clinical reconstructive and aesthetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Doornaert
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Gent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium.
| | - E De Maere
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Gent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium.
| | - J Colle
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Gent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium.
| | - H Declercq
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, UGent, Gent, Belgium.
| | - J Taminau
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Gent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Gent (CRIG), Belgium.
| | - K Lemeire
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Gent, Belgium; Inflammation Research Centre (IRC), VIB, Gent, Belgium.
| | - G Berx
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Gent, Belgium; Inflammation Research Centre (IRC), VIB, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Ph Blondeel
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Gent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium.
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19
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Immunomodulatory effect of mesenchymal stem cells: Cell origin and cell quality variations. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:1157-1165. [PMID: 30628022 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-04582-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory property of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been previously reported. Still it is unclear if this property can be affected by the cell origin and cell quality. Using primary MSCs expanded from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) and adipose tissue (AD-MSCs) of mice, we investigated whether the immunomodulatory property of MSCs varied with cell origin and cell quality (early- vs. late-passaged BM-MSCs). BM-MSCs (p1) and AD-MSCs (p1) had a typical spindle shape, but morphological changes were observed in late-passaged BM-MSCs (p6). A pathway-focused array showed that the expression of chemokine/cytokine genes varied with different cell origins and qualities. By co-culturing with spleen mononuclear cells (MNC) for 3 days, the expression of CD4 was suppressed by all types of MSCs. By contrast, the expression of CD8 was suppressed by BM-MSCs and increased by AD-MSCs. The expression ratio of CD206 to CD86 was at a comparable level after co-culture with AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs, but was lower with late-passaged BM-MSCs. AD-MSCs highly induced the release of IL6, IL-10 and TGF-β in culture medium. Compared with early-passaged BM-MSCs (p1), late-passaged BM-MSCs (p6) released less TGF-β. Our data suggests that the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs vary with cell origin and cell quality and that BM-MSCs of good quality are likely the optimal source of immunomodulation.
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Laboratory study. OBJECTIVE Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from whole bone marrow aspirate (BMA) and MSCs derived from density-gradient centrifugation were isolated from vertebral bodies and cultured under either hypoxic or normoxic conditions to evaluate their biological characteristics and HOX and TALE signature able to improve spinal surgery procedures. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The use of spinal fusion procedures has increased over the last decades; however, failed fusion still remains an important problem. Clinician and researchers focused their attention on the therapeutic potential of bone marrow MSCs and several methods for their isolation and cultivation have been developed. However, the best source and techniques are still debated. METHODS MSCs morphology, surface markers, colony-forming-units, and three lineage differentiation through quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) were evaluated. Additionally, gene expression analysis of HOX and TALE signatures during osteogenic differentiation were analyzed. RESULTS Our study showed that MSCs derived from whole BMA were successfully isolated and when cultured under hypoxic condition presented greater proliferation, larger colonies, and differentiated onto osteogenic and chondrogenic lineage with greater ability, while adipogenic differentiation was less efficient. Results also revealed that MSCs, differently isolated and cultured, expressed different level of HOX and TALE signatures and that HOXB8 were up-regulated with greater efficiency in MSCs derived from whole BMA under hypoxia. CONCLUSION Our data indicated that hypoxic preconditioning of MSCs derived from whole BMA exhibited more suitable biological characteristics and different level of HOX and TALE gene activation. We, therefore, concluded that vertebral body MSCs derived from whole BMA may provide alternative sources of MSCs for tissue engineering applications for spine surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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21
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Christou I, Mallis P, Michalopoulos E, Chatzistamatiou T, Mermelekas G, Zoidakis J, Vlahou A, Stavropoulos-Giokas C. Evaluation of Peripheral Blood and Cord Blood Platelet Lysates in Isolation and Expansion of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Bioengineering (Basel) 2018; 5:bioengineering5010019. [PMID: 29495420 PMCID: PMC5874885 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering5010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract: Background: Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) are used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The in vitro isolation and expansion of MSCs involve the use of foetal bovine serum (FBS). However, many concerns have been raised regarding the safety of this product. In this study, alternative additives derived either from peripheral or cord blood were tested as an FBS replacement. Methods: Platelet lysates (PL) from peripheral and cord blood were used for the expansion of MSCs. The levels of growth factors in peripheral blood (PB) and cord blood (CB) PLs were determined using the Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM). Finally, the cell doubling time (CDT), tri-lineage differentiation and phenotypic characterization of the MSCs expanded with FBS and PLs were determined. Results: MSCs treated with culture media containing FBS and PB-PL, were successfully isolated and expanded, whereas MSCs treated with CB-PL could not be maintained in culture. Furthermore, the MRM analysis yielded differences in growth factor levels between PB-PL and CB-PL. In addition, the MSCs were successfully expanded with FBS and PB-PL and exhibited tri-lineage differentiation and stable phenotypic characteristics. Conclusion: PB-PL could be used as an alternative additive for the production of MSCs culture medium applied to xenogeneic-free expansion and maintenance of MSCs in large scale clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Christou
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece.
| | - Panagiotis Mallis
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece.
| | - Efstathios Michalopoulos
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece.
| | - Theofanis Chatzistamatiou
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece.
| | - George Mermelekas
- Biotechnology division, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece.
| | - Jerome Zoidakis
- Biotechnology division, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece.
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Biotechnology division, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece.
| | - Catherine Stavropoulos-Giokas
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece.
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22
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Abstract
The craniofacial complex is composed of fundamental components such as blood vessels and nerves, and also a variety of specialized tissues such as craniofacial bones, cartilages, muscles, ligaments, and the highly specialized and unique organs, the teeth. Together, these structures provide many functions including speech, mastication, and aesthetics of the craniofacial complex. Craniofacial defects not only influence the structure and function of the jaws and face, but may also result in deleterious psychosocial issues, emphasizing the need for rapid and effective, precise, and aesthetic reconstruction of craniofacial tissues. In a broad sense, craniofacial tissue reconstructions share many of the same issues as noncraniofacial tissue reconstructions. Therefore, many concepts and therapies for general tissue engineering can and have been used for craniofacial tissue regeneration. Still, repair of craniofacial defects presents unique challenges, mainly because of their complex and unique 3D geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | - Pamela Crotty Yelick
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
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23
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Chisini LA, Conde MCM, Grazioli G, Martin ASS, Carvalho RVD, Nör JE, Demarco FF. Venous Blood Derivatives as FBS-Substitutes for Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Systematic Scoping Review. Braz Dent J 2017; 28:657-668. [PMID: 29211118 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201701646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the biological properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are well-characterized in vitro, MSC clinical application is still far away to be achieved, mainly due to the need of xenogeneic substances for cell expansion, such as fetal bovine serum (FBS). FBS presents risks regarding pathogens transmissions and internalization of animal's proteins, which can unleash antigenic responses in patients after MSC implantation. A wide range of venous blood derivatives (VBD) has been reported as FBS substitutes showing promising results. Thus, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic scoping review to analyze whether VBD are effective FBS substitutes for MSC ex vivo expansion. The search was performed in SciVerse ScopusTM, PubMed, Web of ScienceTM, BIREME, Cochrane library up to January 2016. The keywords were selected using MeSH and entry terms. Two independent reviewers scrutinized the records obtained considering specific inclusion criteria. The included studies were evaluated in accordance with a modified Arksey and O' Malley's framework. From 184 found studies, 90 were included. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC) were presented in most of these studies. Overall, VBD allowed for either, maintenance of MCS's fibroblast-like morphology, high proliferation, high colony-formation ability and maintenance of multipotency. Besides. MSC expanded in VBD supplements presented higher mitogen activity than FBS. VBD seems to be excellent xeno-free serum for ex vivo expansion of mesenchymal stem cells. However, an accentuated heterogeneity was observed between the carried out protocols for VBD isolation did not allowing for direct comparisons between the included studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz A Chisini
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, UFPel - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcus C M Conde
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UNIVATES - Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Lajeado, Brazil
| | | | - Alissa S San Martin
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, UFPel - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Jacques E Nör
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Flávio F Demarco
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, UFPel - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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24
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Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is being increasingly used to treat dogs and horses with naturally-occurring diseases. However these animals also serve as critical large animal models for ongoing translation of cell therapy products to the human market. MSC manufacture for clinical use mandates improvement in cell culture systems to meet demands for higher MSC numbers and removal of xeno-proteins (i.e. fetal bovine serum, FBS). While serum-free media (SFM) is commercially available, its affects on MSC phenotype and immunomodulatory functions are not fully known. The objective of this study was to determine if specific MSC culture conditions, MSC expansion in HYPERFlasks® or MSC expansion in a commercially available SFM, would alter MSC proliferation, phenotype or immunomodulatory properties in vitro. MSCs cultured in HYPERFlasks® were similar in phenotype, proliferative capacity and immunomodulatory functions to MSCs grown in standard flasks however MSC yield was markedly increased. HYPERFlasks® therefore provide a viable option to generate greater cell numbers in a streamlined manner. Canine and equine MSCs expanded in SFM displayed similar proliferation, surface phenotype and inhibitory effect on lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. However, MSCs cultured in the absence of FBS secreted significantly less PGE2, and were significantly less able to inhibit IFNγ secretion by activated T-cells. Immunomodulatory functions altered by expansion in SFM were species dependent. Unlike equine MSCs, in canine adipose-derived MSCs, the inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation was not principally modulated by PGE2. The removal of FBS from both canine and equine MSC culture systems resulted in altered immunomodulatory properties in vitro and warrants further investigation prior to moving towards FBS-free culture conditions.
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25
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Pierce J, Benedetti E, Preslar A, Jacobson P, Jin P, Stroncek DF, Reems JA. Comparative analyses of industrial-scale human platelet lysate preparations. Transfusion 2017; 57:2858-2869. [PMID: 28990195 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efforts are underway to eliminate fetal bovine serum from mammalian cell cultures for clinical use. An emerging, viable replacement option for fetal bovine serum is human platelet lysate (PL) as either a plasma-based or serum-based product. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Nine industrial-scale, serum-based PL manufacturing runs (i.e., lots) were performed, consisting of an average ± standard deviation volume of 24.6 ± 2.2 liters of pooled, platelet-rich plasma units that were obtained from apheresis donors. Manufactured lots were compared by evaluating various biochemical and functional test results. Comprehensive cytokine profiles of PL lots and product stability tests were performed. Global gene expression profiles of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) cultured with plasma-based or serum-based PL were compared to MSCs cultured with fetal bovine serum. RESULTS Electrolyte and protein levels were relatively consistent among all serum-based PL lots, with only slight variations in glucose and calcium levels. All nine lots were as good as or better than fetal bovine serum in expanding MSCs. Serum-based PL stored at -80°C remained stable over 2 years. Quantitative cytokine arrays showed similarities as well as dissimilarities in the proteins present in serum-based PL. Greater differences in MSC gene expression profiles were attributable to the starting cell source rather than with the use of either PL or fetal bovine serum as a culture supplement. CONCLUSION Using a large-scale, standardized method, lot-to-lot variations were noted for industrial-scale preparations of serum-based PL products. However, all lots performed as well as or better than fetal bovine serum in supporting MSC growth. Together, these data indicate that off-the-shelf PL is a feasible substitute for fetal bovine serum in MSC cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pierce
- University of Utah Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Facility, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Eric Benedetti
- University of Utah Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Facility, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Amber Preslar
- University of Utah Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Facility, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Pam Jacobson
- University of Utah Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Facility, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ping Jin
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David F Stroncek
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jo-Anna Reems
- University of Utah Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Facility, Salt Lake City, Utah.,University of Utah Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Salt Lake City, Utah
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26
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Schubert S, Brehm W, Hillmann A, Burk J. Serum-free human MSC medium supports consistency in human but not in equine adipose-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell culture. Cytometry A 2017; 93:60-72. [PMID: 28926198 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For clinical applications of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), serum-free culture is preferable to standardize cell products and prevent contamination with pathogens. In contrast to human MSCs, knowledge on serum-free culture of large animal MSCs is limited, despite its relevance for preclinical studies and development of veterinary cellular therapeutics. This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of a commercially available serum-free human MSC medium for culturing equine adipose-derived MSCs in comparison with human adipose MSCs. Enzyme-free isolation by explant technique and expansion of equine and human cells in the serum-free medium were feasible. However, serum-free culture altered the morphology and complicated handling of equine MSCs, with cell aggregation and spontaneous detachment of multilayers, compared to culture in standard medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum. Furthermore, proliferation and the surface immunophenotype of equine cells were more variable compared to the controls and appeared to depend on the lot of the serum-free medium. Particularly the expression of CD90 was different between experimental groups (P < 0.05), with lower percentages of CD90+ cells found in equine MSC samples cultured in serum-free medium (5.21-83.40%) compared to standard medium (86.20-99.50%). Additionally, small subpopulations expressing MSC exclusion markers such as CD14 (0.28-11.60%), CD34 (0.00-9.87%), CD45 (0.35-10.50%), or MHCII (0.00-3.67%) were found in equine samples after serum-free culture. In contrast, human samples displayed a more consistent morphology and a consistent CD29+ (98.60-99.90%), CD73+ (94.60-98.40%), CD90+ (99.60-99.90%), and CD105+ (97.40-99.80%) immunophenotype after culture in serum-free medium. The obtained data demonstrate that the serum-free medium was suitable for human MSC culture but did not lead to entirely satisfactory results in equine MSCs. This underlines that requirements regarding serum-free culture conditions are species-specific, indicating a need for serum-free media to be optimized for MSCs from relevant animal species. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Schubert
- Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 55, Leipzig 04103, Germany.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiology, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 7, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Walter Brehm
- Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 55, Leipzig 04103, Germany.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Large Animal Clinic for Surgery, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 21, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Aline Hillmann
- Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 55, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Janina Burk
- Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 55, Leipzig 04103, Germany.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiology, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 7, Leipzig 04103, Germany
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27
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Fernandez-Rebollo E, Mentrup B, Ebert R, Franzen J, Abagnale G, Sieben T, Ostrowska A, Hoffmann P, Roux PF, Rath B, Goodhardt M, Lemaitre JM, Bischof O, Jakob F, Wagner W. Human Platelet Lysate versus Fetal Calf Serum: These Supplements Do Not Select for Different Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5132. [PMID: 28698620 PMCID: PMC5506010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Culture medium of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is usually supplemented with either human platelet lysate (HPL) or fetal calf serum (FCS). Many studies have demonstrated that proliferation and cellular morphology are affected by these supplements – it is therefore important to determine if they favor outgrowth of different subpopulations and thereby impact on the heterogeneous composition of MSCs. We have isolated and expanded human bone marrow-derived MSCs in parallel with HPL or FCS and demonstrated that HPL significantly increases proliferation and leads to dramatic differences in cellular morphology. Remarkably, global DNA-methylation profiles did not reveal any significant differences. Even at the transcriptomic level, there were only moderate changes in pairwise comparison. Furthermore, the effects on proliferation, cytoskeletal organization, and focal adhesions were reversible by interchanging to opposite culture conditions. These results indicate that cultivation of MSCs with HPL or FCS has no systematic bias for specific cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fernandez-Rebollo
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, 52074, Germany. .,Institute for Biomedical Technology - Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, 52074, Germany.
| | - Birgit Mentrup
- Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Orthopedic Department, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - Regina Ebert
- Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Orthopedic Department, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - Julia Franzen
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, 52074, Germany.,Institute for Biomedical Technology - Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Giulio Abagnale
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, 52074, Germany.,Institute for Biomedical Technology - Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Torsten Sieben
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, 52074, Germany.,Institute for Biomedical Technology - Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Alina Ostrowska
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, 52074, Germany.,Institute for Biomedical Technology - Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Department of Genomics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany.,Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-François Roux
- Laboratory of Nuclear Organization and Oncogenesis, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, INSERM U.993, Institute Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Björn Rath
- Department for Orthopedics, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Michele Goodhardt
- Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, INSERM UMRS-1126, University Paris Diderot, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Lemaitre
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies (IRMB), INSERM U1183, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Cedex 05, 34295, France
| | - Oliver Bischof
- Laboratory of Nuclear Organization and Oncogenesis, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, INSERM U.993, Institute Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Franz Jakob
- Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Orthopedic Department, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, 52074, Germany. .,Institute for Biomedical Technology - Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, 52074, Germany.
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28
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Merino A, Ripoll E, de Ramon L, Bolaños N, Goma M, Bestard O, Lloberas N, Grinyo JM, Ambròs JT. The Timing of Immunomodulation Induced by Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Determines the Outcome of the Graft in Experimental Renal Allotransplantation. Cell Transplant 2017; 26:1017-1030. [PMID: 28160460 DOI: 10.3727/096368917x695010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory characteristics of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) may lead to multifaceted strategies in rejection of organ transplantation. This study was designed to investigate, first, the effect of the donor-type MSCs from Wistar rats on the immune system of immunocompetent Lewis rats and, second, the rejection responses in a renal transplantation model of Wistar to Lewis. In the first experimental model, MSCs from the bone marrow induced a systemic immune response in the immunocompetent Lewis rats, characterized by two different phases. In the initial phase (days 1-3 after MSCs infusion), the main findings were a decrease in the percentage of the main peripheral blood (PB) lymphocyte subpopulations [T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells], an increase in the FOXP3 MFI in Tregs, and an elevated concentration of circulating proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α). In the late phase (days 4-6), the percentage of T cells, B cells, and NK cells returned to baseline levels; the concentration of circulating IL-1β and TNF-α decreased; and the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IL-4) increased with respect to the initial phase. In the allogeneic kidney transplantation model, rats were randomized into four groups: nontreated, cyclosporine oral administration, and two groups of rats treated with two different schedules of MSC infusion: 4 days (MSCs-4) and 7 days (MSCs-7) before kidney transplantation and in both a further infusion at the day of transplantation. Both MSC treatments decreased the percentage of T, B, and NK cells in PB. Creatinine levels, survival, and histological parameters were better in MSCs-7 than in MSCs-4. We can conclude that MSCs, by themselves, produce changes in the immune system; they do not need a pathological condition to produce immunomodulatory responses. In the renal allograft model, the optimal time schedule for MSC infusion before grafting was 7 days to prevent acute rejection.
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29
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Saei Arezoumand K, Alizadeh E, Pilehvar-Soltanahmadi Y, Esmaeillou M, Zarghami N. An overview on different strategies for the stemness maintenance of MSCs. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 45:1255-1271. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2016.1246452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Khatereh Saei Arezoumand
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Effat Alizadeh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Younes Pilehvar-Soltanahmadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Esmaeillou
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Universita degli Studi di siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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30
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Dessels C, Potgieter M, Pepper MS. Making the Switch: Alternatives to Fetal Bovine Serum for Adipose-Derived Stromal Cell Expansion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:115. [PMID: 27800478 PMCID: PMC5065960 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) are being used extensively in clinical trials. These trials require that ASCs are prepared using good manufacturing practices (GMPs) and are safe for use in humans. The majority of clinical trials in which ASCs are expanded make use of fetal bovine serum (FBS). While FBS is used traditionally in the research setting for in vitro expansion, it does carry the risk of xenoimmunization and zoonotic transmission when used for expanding cells destined for therapeutic purposes. In order to ensure a GMP quality product for cellular therapy, in vitro expansion of ASCs has been undertaken using xeno-free (XF), chemically-defined, and human blood-derived alternatives. These investigations usually include the criteria proposed by the International Society of Cellular Therapy (ISCT) and International Fat Applied Technology Society (IFATS). The majority of studies use these criteria to compare plastic-adherence, morphology, the immunophenotype and the trilineage differentiation of ASCs under the different medium supplemented conditions. Based on these studies, all of the alternatives to FBS seem to be suitable replacements; however, each has its own advantages and drawbacks. Very few studies have investigated the effects of the supplements on the immunomodulation of ASCs; the transcriptome, proteome and secretome; and the ultimate effects in appropriate animal models. The selection of medium supplementation will depend on the downstream application of the ASCs and their efficacy and safety in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Dessels
- South African Medical Research Council, Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, and Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Pretoria Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marnie Potgieter
- South African Medical Research Council, Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, and Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Pretoria Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Michael S Pepper
- South African Medical Research Council, Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, and Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Pretoria Pretoria, South Africa
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31
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A vector platform for the rapid and efficient engineering of stable complex transgenes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34365. [PMID: 27694838 PMCID: PMC5046065 DOI: 10.1038/srep34365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the generation of a set of plasmid vector tools that allow the rapid generation of complex-interacting stable transgenes in immortalized and primary cells. Of particular importance is inclusion of a mechanism to monitor the activation status of regulatory pathways via a reporter cassette (using Gaussia Luciferase), with control of additional transgene expression through doxycycline de-repression. The resulting vectors can be used to assess regulatory pathway activation and are well suited for regulatory pathway crosstalk studies. The system incorporates MultiSite-Gateway cloning for the rapid generation of vectors allowing flexible choice of promoters and transgenes, and Sleeping Beauty transposase technology for efficient incorporation of multiple transgenes in into host cell DNA. The vectors and a library of compatible Gateway Entry clones are available from the non-profit plasmid repository Addgene.
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Highly Efficient In Vitro Reparative Behaviour of Dental Pulp Stem Cells Cultured with Standardised Platelet Lysate Supplementation. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:7230987. [PMID: 27774106 PMCID: PMC5059612 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7230987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp is an accessible source of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). The perspective role of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in regenerative medicine demands an in vitro expansion and in vivo delivery which must deal with the safety issues about animal serum, usually required in cell culture practice. Human platelet lysate (PL) contains autologous growth factors and has been considered as valuable alternative to fetal bovine serum (FBS) in cell cultures. The optimum concentration to be added of such supplement is highly dependent on its preparation whose variability limits comparability of results. By in vitro experiments, we aimed to evaluate a standardised formulation of pooled PL. A low selected concentration of PL (1%) was able to support the growth and maintain the viability of the DPSCs. The use of PL in cell cultures did not impair cell surface signature typically expressed by MSCs and even upregulated the transcription of Sox2. Interestingly, DPSCs cultured in presence of PL exhibited a higher healing rate after injury and are less susceptible to toxicity mediated by exogenous H2O2 than those cultured with FBS. Moreover, PL addition was shown as a suitable option for protocols promoting osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs. Taken together, our results indicated that PL is a valid substitute of FBS to culture and differentiate DPSCs for clinical-grade use.
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Camilleri ET, Gustafson MP, Dudakovic A, Riester SM, Garces CG, Paradise CR, Takai H, Karperien M, Cool S, Sampen HJI, Larson AN, Qu W, Smith J, Dietz AB, van Wijnen AJ. Identification and validation of multiple cell surface markers of clinical-grade adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells as novel release criteria for good manufacturing practice-compliant production. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:107. [PMID: 27515308 PMCID: PMC4982273 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0370-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical translation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) necessitates basic characterization of the cell product since variability in biological source and processing of MSCs may impact therapeutic outcomes. Although expression of classical cell surface markers (e.g., CD90, CD73, CD105, and CD44) is used to define MSCs, identification of functionally relevant cell surface markers would provide more robust release criteria and options for quality control. In addition, cell surface expression may distinguish between MSCs from different sources, including bone marrow-derived MSCs and clinical-grade adipose-derived MSCs (AMSCs) grown in human platelet lysate (hPL). Methods In this work we utilized quantitative PCR, flow cytometry, and RNA-sequencing to characterize AMSCs grown in hPL and validated non-classical markers in 15 clinical-grade donors. Results We characterized the surface marker transcriptome of AMSCs, validated the expression of classical markers, and identified nine non-classical markers (i.e., CD36, CD163, CD271, CD200, CD273, CD274, CD146, CD248, and CD140B) that may potentially discriminate AMSCs from other cell types. More importantly, these markers exhibit variability in cell surface expression among different cell isolates from a diverse cohort of donors, including freshly prepared, previously frozen, or proliferative state AMSCs and may be informative when manufacturing cells. Conclusions Our study establishes that clinical-grade AMSCs expanded in hPL represent a homogeneous cell culture population according to classical markers,. Additionally, we validated new biomarkers for further AMSC characterization that may provide novel information guiding the development of new release criteria. Clinical trials Use of Autologous Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate in Painful Knee Osteoarthritis (BMAC): Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01931007. Registered August 26, 2013. MSC for Occlusive Disease of the Kidney: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01840540. Registered April 23, 2013. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Multiple System Atrophy: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02315027. Registered October 31, 2014. Efficacy and Safety of Adult Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Treat Steroid Refractory Acute Graft Versus Host Disease. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00366145. Registered August 17, 2006. A Dose-escalation Safety Trial for Intrathecal Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01609283. Registered May 18, 2012. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-016-0370-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael P Gustafson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Scott M Riester
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Hideki Takai
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Department of Developmental Bioengineering, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Department of Tissue Regeneration, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Cool
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hee-Jeong Im Sampen
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A Noelle Larson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Wenchun Qu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Division of Pain Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jay Smith
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Allan B Dietz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Astori G, Amati E, Bambi F, Bernardi M, Chieregato K, Schäfer R, Sella S, Rodeghiero F. Platelet lysate as a substitute for animal serum for the ex-vivo expansion of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells: present and future. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:93. [PMID: 27411942 PMCID: PMC4944312 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0352-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of fetal bovine serum (FBS) as a cell culture supplement is discouraged by regulatory authorities to limit the risk of zoonoses and xenogeneic immune reactions in the transplanted host. Additionally, FBS production came under scrutiny due to animal welfare concerns. Platelet derivatives have been proposed as FBS substitutes for the ex-vivo expansion of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) since platelet-derived growth factors can promote MSC ex-vivo expansion. Platelet-derived growth factors are present in platelet lysate (PL) obtained after repeated freezing–thawing cycles of the platelet-rich plasma or by applying physiological stimuli such as thrombin or CaCl2. PL-expanded MSCs have been used already in the clinic, taking advantage of their faster proliferation compared with FBS-expanded preparations. Should PL be applied to other biopharmaceutical products, its demand is likely to increase dramatically. The use of fresh platelet units for the production of PL raises concerns due to limited availability of platelet donors. Expired units might represent an alternative, but further data are needed to define safety, including pathogen reduction, and functionality of the obtained PL. In addition, relevant questions concerning the definition of PL release criteria, including concentration ranges of specific growth factors in PL batches for various clinical indications, also need to be addressed. We are still far from a common definition of PL and standardized PL manufacture due to our limited knowledge of the mechanisms that mediate PL-promoting cell growth. Here, we concisely discuss aspects of PL as MSC culture supplement as a preliminary step towards an agreed definition of the required characteristics of PL for the requirements of manufacturers and users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Astori
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Therapy and Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, Via Rodolfi 37, 36100, Vicenza, Italy.
| | - Eliana Amati
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Therapy and Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, Via Rodolfi 37, 36100, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Franco Bambi
- Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, "A. Meyer" University Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Bernardi
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Therapy and Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, Via Rodolfi 37, 36100, Vicenza, Italy.,Hematology Project Foundation, Contrà S. Francesco 41, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Katia Chieregato
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Therapy and Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, Via Rodolfi 37, 36100, Vicenza, Italy.,Hematology Project Foundation, Contrà S. Francesco 41, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Richard Schäfer
- Department of Cell Therapeutics & Cell Processing, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohaematology, German Red Cross Blood Donor Service, Baden-Württemberg-Hessen gGmbH, Goethe-University Hospital, Sandhofstrasse 1, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sabrina Sella
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Therapy and Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, Via Rodolfi 37, 36100, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Francesco Rodeghiero
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Therapy and Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, Via Rodolfi 37, 36100, Vicenza, Italy.,Hematology Project Foundation, Contrà S. Francesco 41, Vicenza, Italy
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35
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Kumar P, Pandit A, Zeugolis DI. Progress in Corneal Stromal Repair: From Tissue Grafts and Biomaterials to Modular Supramolecular Tissue-Like Assemblies. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:5381-5399. [PMID: 27028373 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Corneal injuries and degenerative conditions have major socioeconomic consequences, given that in most cases, they result in blindness. In the quest of the ideal therapy, tissue grafts, biomaterials, and modular engineering approaches are under intense investigation. Herein, advancements and shortfalls are reviewed and future perspectives for these therapeutic strategies discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Kumar
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biosciences Research Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Center for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biosciences Research Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- Center for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biosciences Research Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biosciences Research Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Center for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biosciences Research Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
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36
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Allen AB, Butts EB, Copland IB, Stevens HY, Guldberg RE. Human platelet lysate supplementation of mesenchymal stromal cell delivery: issues of xenogenicity and species variability. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:2876-2884. [PMID: 27339032 DOI: 10.1002/term.2191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Immunogenicity of fetal bovine serum (FBS) poses a problem for its use in the propagation of autologous mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for cell therapy. Human platelet lysate (hPL), an enriched growth factor solution containing mitogenic and angiogenic cues, has potential utility in replacing FBS for human MSC (hMSC) delivery strategies. Despite its potentiation of hMSC number in vitro, little is known concerning its capacity to supplement implanted hMSC-seeded constructs and promote tissue regeneration in vivo. In this study, we tested the effects of incorporating hPL in cell-seeded constructs implanted subcutaneously into immunocompromised rats, investigated in vitro interactions between hPL and rat MSCs (rMSCs) and determined interspecies variability in the PL product [hPL vs rat PL (rPL)] and its effect on cultured MSCs (hPL/hMSCs vs rPL/rMSCs). The overarching aim was to determine the utility of hPL to foster MSC survival in preclinical rodent models. Exposure to hPL-supplemented media resulted in rMSC death, by a process attributable to heat-labile proteins, but not membrane attack complex formation. In the in vitro syngeneic model, the rodent product proved fundamentally distinct from the human product, with rPL having substantially lower growth factor content than hPL. Moreover, contrary to the positive effects of hPL on hMSC expansion, rPL did not reduce rMSC doubling time for the serum concentrations examined. When tested in vivo, hPL did not improve cell survival within hydrogel constructs through 2 weeks postimplantation. In summary, this study highlights the many facets of xenogenicity and interspecies variability that must be considered in the preclinical evaluation of hPL. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley B Allen
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Emily B Butts
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ian B Copland
- Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hazel Y Stevens
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert E Guldberg
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Kuçi Z, Bönig H, Kreyenberg H, Bunos M, Jauch A, Janssen JWG, Škifić M, Michel K, Eising B, Lucchini G, Bakhtiar S, Greil J, Lang P, Basu O, von Luettichau I, Schulz A, Sykora KW, Jarisch A, Soerensen J, Salzmann-Manrique E, Seifried E, Klingebiel T, Bader P, Kuçi S. Mesenchymal stromal cells from pooled mononuclear cells of multiple bone marrow donors as rescue therapy in pediatric severe steroid-refractory graft-versus-host disease: a multicenter survey. Haematologica 2016; 101:985-94. [PMID: 27175026 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.140368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To circumvent donor-to-donor heterogeneity which may lead to inconsistent results after treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease with mesenchymal stromal cells generated from single donors we developed a novel approach by generating these cells from pooled bone marrow mononuclear cells of 8 healthy "3(rd)-party" donors. Generated cells were frozen in 209 vials and designated as mesenchymal stromal cell bank. These vials served as a source for generation of clinical grade mesenchymal stromal cell end-products, which exhibited typical mesenchymal stromal cell phenotype, trilineage differentiation potential and at later passages expressed replicative senescence-related markers (p21 and p16). Genetic analysis demonstrated their genomic stability (normal karyotype and a diploid pattern). Importantly, clinical end-products exerted a significantly higher allosuppressive potential than the mean allosuppressive potential of mesenchymal stromal cells generated from the same donors individually. Administration of 81 mesenchymal stromal cell end-products to 26 patients with severe steroid-resistant acute graft-versus-host disease in 7 stem cell transplant centers who were refractory to many lines of treatment, induced a 77% overall response at the primary end point (day 28). Remarkably, although the cohort of patients was highly challenging (96% grade III/IV and only 4% grade II graft-versus-host disease), after treatment with mesenchymal stromal cell end-products the overall survival rate at two years follow up was 71±11% for the entire patient cohort, compared to 51.4±9.0% in graft-versus-host disease clinical studies, in which mesenchymal stromal cells were derived from single donors. Mesenchymal stromal cell end-products may, therefore, provide a novel therapeutic tool for the effective treatment of severe acute graft-versus-host disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zyrafete Kuçi
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Department for Children and Adolescents, Division for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Halvard Bönig
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and German Red Cross Blood Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hermann Kreyenberg
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Department for Children and Adolescents, Division for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Milica Bunos
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and German Red Cross Blood Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anna Jauch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Marijana Škifić
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Department for Children and Adolescents, Division for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Clinical Department of Transfusion and Transplantation Biology, Division of Cellular Therapy, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Michel
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Department for Children and Adolescents, Division for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ben Eising
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Department for Children and Adolescents, Division for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Giovanna Lucchini
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Department for Children and Adolescents, Division for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Great Ormond Street Hospital, Department of Hematology/Oncology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shahrzad Bakhtiar
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Department for Children and Adolescents, Division for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Johann Greil
- University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Lang
- University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Basu
- University Children's Hospital Essen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Jarisch
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Department for Children and Adolescents, Division for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jan Soerensen
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Department for Children and Adolescents, Division for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Emilia Salzmann-Manrique
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Department for Children and Adolescents, Division for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Erhard Seifried
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and German Red Cross Blood Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Klingebiel
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Department for Children and Adolescents, Division for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Bader
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Department for Children and Adolescents, Division for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Selim Kuçi
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Department for Children and Adolescents, Division for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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38
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Luetzkendorf J, Nerger K, Hering J, Moegel A, Hoffmann K, Hoefers C, Mueller-Tidow C, Mueller LP. Cryopreservation does not alter main characteristics of Good Manufacturing Process-grade human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells including immunomodulating potential and lack of malignant transformation. Cytotherapy 2016; 17:186-98. [PMID: 25593077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS The immunomodulating capacity of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) qualifies them as a therapeutic tool in several diseases. However, repeated transplantation with products of reproducible characteristics may be required. This could be achieved with cryopreserved aliquots of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-grade MSCs. However, the impact of cryopreservation on the characteristics of GMP-MSCs is ill defined. METHODS We produced fresh and cryopreserved MSCs from human donors with a xenogen-free GMP protocol. Immunogenicity and immunomodulating capacity were tested in co-culture with putative recipient-specific peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Risk of malignant transformation was assessed in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Cryopreservation had no impact on viability and consensus criteria of MSCs. In co-culture with PBMCs, MSCs showed low immunogenicity and suppressed mitogen-stimulated proliferation of PBMC irrespective of cryopreservation. Cytogenetic aberrations were not observed consistently in fresh and cryopreserved products, and no signs of malignant transformation occurred in functional assays. MSC products from an elderly pretreated donor showed reduced functional quality, but imminent failure of functional criteria could be detected by an increased population doubling time in early passages. DISCUSSION This study is the first systematic analysis on cryopreservation of xenogen-free human bone marrow-derived GMP-MSCs. The data support that cryopreservation does not alter the characteristics of the cells and thus may allow the generation of products for serial transplantation. In addition, the protocol allowed early detection of MSC products with low functional capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Luetzkendorf
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin IV, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Katrin Nerger
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin IV, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Julian Hering
- Einrichtung für Transfusionsmedizin, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Katrin Hoffmann
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Halle, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christiane Hoefers
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Halle, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Lutz P Mueller
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin IV, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Volz AC, Huber B, Kluger PJ. Adipose-derived stem cell differentiation as a basic tool for vascularized adipose tissue engineering. Differentiation 2016; 92:52-64. [PMID: 26976717 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of in vitro adipose tissue constructs is highly desired to cope with the increased demand for substitutes to replace damaged soft tissue after high graded burns, deformities or tumor removal. To achieve clinically relevant dimensions, vascularization of soft tissue constructs becomes inevitable but still poses a challenge. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) represent a promising cell source for the setup of vascularized fatty tissue constructs as they can be differentiated into adipocytes and endothelial cells in vitro and are thereby available in sufficiently high cell numbers. This review summarizes the currently known characteristics of ASCs and achievements in adipogenic and endothelial differentiation in vitro. Further, the interdependency of adipogenesis and angiogenesis based on the crosstalk of endothelial cells, stem cells and adipocytes is addressed at the molecular level. Finally, achievements and limitations of current co-culture conditions for the construction of vascularized adipose tissue are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Cathrin Volz
- Process Analysis and Technology (PA&T), Reutlingen University, Alteburgstraße 150, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Huber
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart, Nobelstraße 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Petra J Kluger
- Process Analysis and Technology (PA&T), Reutlingen University, Alteburgstraße 150, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Nobelstraße 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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40
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Juhl M, Tratwal J, Follin B, Søndergaard RH, Kirchhoff M, Ekblond A, Kastrup J, Haack-Sørensen M. Comparison of clinical grade human platelet lysates for cultivation of mesenchymal stromal cells from bone marrow and adipose tissue. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2016; 76:93-104. [PMID: 26878874 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2015.1099723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The utility of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in therapeutic applications for regenerative medicine has gained much attention. Clinical translation of MSC-based approaches requires in vitro culture-expansion to achieve a sufficient number of cells. The ideal cell culture medium should be devoid of any animal derived components. We have evaluated whether human Platelet Lysate (hPL) could be an attractive alternative to animal supplements. METHODS MSCs from bone marrow (BMSCs) and adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASCs) obtained from three donors were culture expanded in three different commercially available hPL fulfilling good manufacturing practice criteria for clinical use. BMSCs and ASCs cultured in Minimum Essential Medium Eagle-alpha supplemented with 5% PLT-Max (Mill Creek), Stemulate™ PL-S and Stemulate™ PL-SP (COOK General Biotechnology) were compared to standard culture conditions with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Cell morphology, proliferation, phenotype, genomic stability, and differentiation potential were analyzed. RESULTS Regardless of manufacturer, BMSCs and ASCs cultured in hPL media showed a significant increase in proliferation capacity compared to FBS medium. In general, the immunophenotype of both BMSCs and ASCs fulfilled International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) criteria after hPL media expansion. Comparative genomic hybridization measurements demonstrated no unbalanced chromosomal rearrangements for BMSCs or ASCs cultured in hPL media or FBS medium. The BMSCs and ASCs could differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic, or chondrogenic lineages in all four culture conditions. CONCLUSION All three clinically approved commercial human platelet lysates accelerated proliferation of BMSCs and ASCs and the cells meet the ISCT mesenchymal phenotypic requirements without exhibiting chromosomal aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Juhl
- a Cardiology Stem Cell Centre, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen University Hospital
| | - Josefine Tratwal
- a Cardiology Stem Cell Centre, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen University Hospital
| | - Bjarke Follin
- a Cardiology Stem Cell Centre, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen University Hospital
| | - Rebekka H Søndergaard
- a Cardiology Stem Cell Centre, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen University Hospital
| | - Maria Kirchhoff
- b Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Annette Ekblond
- a Cardiology Stem Cell Centre, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen University Hospital
| | - Jens Kastrup
- a Cardiology Stem Cell Centre, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen University Hospital
| | - Mandana Haack-Sørensen
- a Cardiology Stem Cell Centre, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen University Hospital
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Panchalingam KM, Jung S, Rosenberg L, Behie LA. Bioprocessing strategies for the large-scale production of human mesenchymal stem cells: a review. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:225. [PMID: 26597928 PMCID: PMC4657237 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), also called mesenchymal stromal cells, have been of great interest in regenerative medicine applications because of not only their differentiation potential but also their ability to secrete bioactive factors that can modulate the immune system and promote tissue repair. This potential has initiated many early-phase clinical studies for the treatment of various diseases, disorders, and injuries by using either hMSCs themselves or their secreted products. Currently, hMSCs for clinical use are generated through conventional static adherent cultures in the presence of fetal bovine serum or human-sourced supplements. However, these methods suffer from variable culture conditions (i.e., ill-defined medium components and heterogeneous culture environment) and thus are not ideal procedures to meet the expected future demand of quality-assured hMSCs for human therapeutic use. Optimizing a bioprocess to generate hMSCs or their secreted products (or both) promises to improve the efficacy as well as safety of this stem cell therapy. In this review, current media and methods for hMSC culture are outlined and bioprocess development strategies discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna M Panchalingam
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Sunghoon Jung
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Lawrence Rosenberg
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, 845 Rue Sherbrooke Quest, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.,Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Leo A Behie
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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42
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Arenas da Silva LF, Schober L, Sloff M, Traube A, Hart ML, Feitz WF, Stenzl A. New technique for needle-less implantation of eukaryotic cells. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:1655-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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43
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Castrén E, Sillat T, Oja S, Noro A, Laitinen A, Konttinen YT, Lehenkari P, Hukkanen M, Korhonen M. Osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells in two-dimensional and three-dimensional cultures without animal serum. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:167. [PMID: 26345992 PMCID: PMC4562352 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0162-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been intensely studied for the purpose of developing solutions for clinical tissue engineering. Autologous MSCs can potentially be used to replace tissue defects, but the procedure also carries risks such as immunization and xenogeneic infection. Replacement of the commonly used fetal calf serum (FCS) with human platelet lysate and plasma (PLP) to support cell growth may reduce some of these risks. Altered media could, however, influence stem cell differentiation and we address this experimentally. METHODS We examined human MSC differentiation into the osteoblast lineage using in vitro two- and three-dimensional cultures with PLP or FCS as cell culture medium supplements. Differentiation was followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and alkaline phosphatase activity, matrix formation and matrix calcium content were quantified. RESULTS Three-dimensional culture, where human MSCs were grown on collagen sponges, markedly stimulated osteoblast differentiation; a fourfold increase in calcium deposition could be observed in both PLP and FCS groups. PLP-grown cells showed robust osteogenic differentiation both in two- and three-dimensional MSC cultures. The calcium content of the matrix in the two-dimensional PLP group at day 14 was 2.2-fold higher in comparison to the FCS group (p < 0.0001), and at day 21 it was still 1.3-fold higher (p < 0.001), suggesting earlier calcium accumulation to the matrix in the PLP group. This was supported by stronger Alizarin Red staining in the PLP group at day 14. In two-dimesional PLP cultures, cellular proliferation appeared to decrease during later stages of differentiation, while in the FCS group the number of cells increased throughout the experiment. In three-dimensional experiments, the PLP and FCS groups behaved more congruently, except for the alkaline phosphatase activity and mRNA levels which were markedly increased by PLP. CONCLUSIONS Human PLP was at least equal to FCS in supporting osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs in two- and three-dimensional conditions; however, proliferation was inferior. As PLP is free of animal components, and thus represents reduced risk for xenogeneic infection, its use for human MSC-induced bone repair in the clinic by the three-dimensional live implants presented here appears a promising therapy option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eeva Castrén
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anatomy, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, PO Box 63, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Tarvo Sillat
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anatomy, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, PO Box 63, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, PO 700, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Sofia Oja
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anatomy, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, PO Box 63, Helsinki, Finland. .,Finnish Red Cross Blood service, Kivihaantie 7, 00310, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Ariel Noro
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anatomy, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, PO Box 63, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Anita Laitinen
- Finnish Red Cross Blood service, Kivihaantie 7, 00310, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Yrjö T Konttinen
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, PO 700, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland. .,ORTON Orthopaedic Hospital of the Invalid Foundation, PO 29, 00281, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Petri Lehenkari
- Departments of Anatomy and Surgery, University of Oulu, Aapistie 7, 90220, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Mika Hukkanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anatomy, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, PO Box 63, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Matti Korhonen
- Division of Hemato-Oncology and Stem cell Transplantation, Hospital of Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. .,Finnish Red Cross Blood service, Kivihaantie 7, 00310, Helsinki, Finland.
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Riordan NH, Madrigal M, Reneau J, de Cupeiro K, Jiménez N, Ruiz S, Sanchez N, Ichim TE, Silva F, Patel AN. Scalable efficient expansion of mesenchymal stem cells in xeno free media using commercially available reagents. J Transl Med 2015; 13:232. [PMID: 26183703 PMCID: PMC4504159 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The rapid clinical translation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) has resulted in the development of cell-based strategies for multiple indications. Unfortunately one major barrier to widespread implementation of MSC-based therapies is the limited supply of fetal calf serum (FCS) used to expand cells to therapeutic numbers. Additionally, the xenogeneic element of fetal calf serum has been previously demonstrated to stimulate antibody mediated reactions and in some cases sensitization leading to anaphylaxis. Method XcytePLUS™ media, a human platelet lysate based product, was used to supplement the culture medium at 5, 7.5 and 10% and compared to fetal calf serum at 10%, for human umbilical cord MSC expansion. Properties of the expanded cells were investigated. Results This study demonstrated equivalent or superior effects of human platelet lysate compared to standard FCS supplemented media, based on doubling rate, without loss of identity or function, as demonstrated with flow cytometry characterization. Differentiation into osteocytes, adipocytes and chondrocytes was comparable from cells expanded in either media supplement. Conclusions These data support the implementation of human platelet lysate supplemented media as an alternative to xenogeneic containing preparations which may lead to safer MSC products with therapeutic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil H Riordan
- Medistem Panama, Inc., Building 221, City of Knowledge, Clayton, Panama City, Republic of Panama.
| | - Marialaura Madrigal
- Medistem Panama, Inc., Building 221, City of Knowledge, Clayton, Panama City, Republic of Panama. .,Indicasat AIP Panama, City of Knowledge, Rep. of Panama. .,Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, India.
| | - Jason Reneau
- Amniotic Therapies, LLC, Farmers Branch, TX, USA.
| | - Kathya de Cupeiro
- Medistem Panama, Inc., Building 221, City of Knowledge, Clayton, Panama City, Republic of Panama.
| | - Natalia Jiménez
- Medistem Panama, Inc., Building 221, City of Knowledge, Clayton, Panama City, Republic of Panama.
| | - Sergio Ruiz
- Medistem Panama, Inc., Building 221, City of Knowledge, Clayton, Panama City, Republic of Panama.
| | - Nelsy Sanchez
- Medistem Panama, Inc., Building 221, City of Knowledge, Clayton, Panama City, Republic of Panama.
| | | | - Francisco Silva
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Amit N Patel
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Gamie Z, MacFarlane RJ, Tomkinson A, Moniakis A, Tran GT, Gamie Y, Mantalaris A, Tsiridis E. Skeletal tissue engineering using mesenchymal or embryonic stem cells: clinical and experimental data. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 14:1611-39. [PMID: 25303322 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.945414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be obtained from a wide variety of tissues for bone tissue engineering such as bone marrow, adipose, birth-associated, peripheral blood, periosteum, dental and muscle. MSCs from human fetal bone marrow and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are also promising cell sources. AREAS COVERED In vitro, in vivo and clinical evidence was collected using MEDLINE® (1950 to January 2014), EMBASE (1980 to January 2014) and Google Scholar (1980 to January 2014) databases. EXPERT OPINION Enhanced results have been found when combining bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) with recently developed scaffolds such as glass ceramics and starch-based polymeric scaffolds. Preclinical studies investigating adipose tissue-derived stem cells and umbilical cord tissue-derived stem cells suggest that they are likely to become promising alternatives. Stem cells derived from periosteum and dental tissues such as the periodontal ligament have an osteogenic potential similar to BMMSCs. Stem cells from human fetal bone marrow have demonstrated superior proliferation and osteogenic differentiation than perinatal and postnatal tissues. Despite ethical concerns and potential for teratoma formation, developments have also been made for the use of ESCs in terms of culture and ideal scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakareya Gamie
- Aristotle University Medical School, 'PapaGeorgiou' Hospital, Academic Orthopaedic Unit , Thessaloniki , Greece
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Suchánková Kleplová T, Soukup T, Řeháček V, Suchánek J. Human plasma and human platelet-rich plasma as a substitute for fetal calf serum during long-term cultivation of mesenchymal dental pulp stem cells. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2015; 57:119-26. [PMID: 25649367 DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2014.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Our aims were to isolate and cultivate mesenchymal dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) in various media enriched with human blood components, and subsequently to investigate their basic biological properties. METHODS DPSC were cultivated in five different media based on α MEM containing different concentrations of human plasma (HP), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), or fetal calf serum (FCS). The DPSC biological properties were examined periodically. RESULTS We cultivated DPSC in the various cultivation media over 15 population doublings except for the medium supplemented with 10% HP. Our results showed that DPSC cultivated in medium supplemented with 10% PRP showed the shortest average population doubling time (DT) (28.6 ± 4.6 hours), in contrast to DPSC cultivated in 10% HP which indicated the longest DT (156.2 ± 17.8 hours); hence this part of the experiment had been cancelled in the 6th passage. DPSC cultivated in media with 2% FCS+ITS (DT 47.3 ± 10.4 hours), 2% PRP (DT 40.1 ± 5.7 hours) and 2% HP (DT 49.0 ± 15.2 hours) showed almost the same proliferative activity. DPSC's viability in the 9th passage was over 90% except for the DPSC cultivated in the 10% HP media. CONCLUSIONS We proved that human blood components are suitable substitution for FCS in cultivation media for long-term DPSC cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Suchánková Kleplová
- Department of Dentistry, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Soukup
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Vít Řeháček
- Transfusion Department, University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Suchánek
- Department of Dentistry, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Li CY, Wu XY, Tong JB, Yang XX, Zhao JL, Zheng QF, Zhao GB, Ma ZJ. Comparative analysis of human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow and adipose tissue under xeno-free conditions for cell therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:55. [PMID: 25884704 PMCID: PMC4453294 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for cell-based therapies. Human platelet lysate represents an efficient alternative to fetal bovine serum for clinical-scale expansion of MSCs. Different media used in culture processes should maintain the biological characteristics of MSCs during multiple passages. However, bone marrow-derived MSCs and adipose tissue-derived MSCs have not yet been directly compared with each other under human platelet lysate conditions. This study aims to conduct a direct head-to-head comparison of the biological characteristics of the two types of MSCs under human platelet lysate-supplemented culture conditions for their ability to be used in regenerative medicine applications. METHODS The bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived MSCs were cultured under human platelet lysate conditions and their biological characteristics evaluated for cell therapy (morphology, immunophenotype, colony-forming unit-fibroblast efficiency, proliferation capacity, potential for mesodermal differentiation, secreted proteins, and immunomodulatory effects). RESULTS Under human platelet lysate-supplemented culture conditions, bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived MSCs exhibited similar fibroblast-like morphology and expression patterns of surface markers. Adipose tissue-derived MSCs had greater proliferative potential than bone marrow-derived MSCs, while no significantly difference in colony efficiency were observed between the two types of cells. However, bone marrow-derived MSCs possessed higher capacity toward osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation compared with adipose tissue-derived MSCs, while similar adipogenic differentiation potential wase observed between the two types of cells. There were some differences between bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived MSCs for several secreted proteins, such as cytokine (interferon-γ), growth factors (basic fibroblast growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and insulin-like growth factor-1), and chemokine (stem cell-derived factor-1). Adipose tissue-derived MSCs had more potent immunomodulatory effects than bone marrow-derived MSCs. CONCLUSIONS Adipose tissue-derived MSCs have biological advantages in the proliferative capacity, secreted proteins (basic fibroblast growth factor, interferon-γ, and insulin-like growth factor-1), and immunomodulatory effects, but bone marrow-derived MSCs have advantages in osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potential and secreted proteins (stem cell-derived factor-1 and hepatocyte growth factor); these biological advantages should be considered systematically when choosing the MSC source for specific clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-yu Li
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, China.
| | - Xiao-yun Wu
- Beijing Institute of Life Science Translational Medicine Research Center, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Jia-bei Tong
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, China.
| | - Xin-xin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
| | - Jing-li Zhao
- Jilin Vocational College of Industry and Technology, Jilin, 132013, China.
| | - Quan-fu Zheng
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, China.
| | - Guo-bin Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China.
| | - Zhi-jie Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Kühl T, Mezger M, Hausser I, Handgretinger R, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Nyström A. High Local Concentrations of Intradermal MSCs Restore Skin Integrity and Facilitate Wound Healing in Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa. Mol Ther 2015; 23:1368-1379. [PMID: 25858020 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is an incurable skin fragility disorder caused by mutations in the COL7A1 gene, coding for the anchoring fibril protein collagen VII (C7). Life-long mechanosensitivity of skin and mucosal surfaces is associated with large body surface erosions, chronic wounds, and secondary fibrosis that severely impede functionality. Here, we present the first systematic long-term evaluation of the therapeutic potential of a mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy for DEB. Intradermal administration of MSCs in a DEB mouse model resulted in production and deposition of C7 at the dermal-epidermal junction, the physiological site of function. The effect was dose-dependent with MSCs being up to 10-fold more potent than dermal fibroblasts. MSCs promoted regeneration of DEB wounds via normalization of dermal and epidermal healing and improved skin integrity through de novo formation of functional immature anchoring fibrils. Additional benefits were gained by MSCs' anti-inflammatory effects, which led to decreased immune cell infiltration into injured DEB skin. In our setting, the clinical benefit of MSC injections lasted for more than 3 months. We conclude that MSCs are viable options for localized DEB therapy. Importantly, however, the cell number needed to achieve therapeutic efficacy excludes the use of systemic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kühl
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Mezger
- Department of General Paediatrics, Oncology/Haematology, University Children's Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hausser
- EM-lab, Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rupert Handgretinger
- Department of General Paediatrics, Oncology/Haematology, University Children's Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Nyström
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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49
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Effect of serum choice on replicative senescence in mesenchymal stromal cells. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:874-84. [PMID: 25800776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for innovative cell therapeutic applications. Before their use, however, they usually need to be expanded in vitro with serum-supplemented media. MSCs can undergo replicative senescence during in vitro expansion, but it is not yet clear how serum supplements influence this process. METHODS In the present study, we compared how media supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS) or calf serum (CS) affected morphology, proliferation, differentiation, senescence and other functional characteristics of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs). RESULTS UC-MSCs cultured in both FBS- and CS-containing media were able to differentiate along osteogenic and adipogenic lineages but ultimately reached proliferation arrest. However, senescence-associated characteristics, such as β-galactosidase activity, reactive oxygen species levels, proliferation rate and gene expression, demonstrate that UC-MSCs grown with FBS have better proliferation potential and differentiation capacity. In contrast, UC-MSCs grown with CS have a higher proportion of apoptotic cells and senescent characteristics. Possible mechanisms for the observed phenotypes include changes in gene expression (Bax, p16, p21 and p53) and cytokine production (interleukin-6 and interleukin-8). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that FBS-supplemented media provides a better microenvironment for the expansion of UC-MSCs in vitro than CS-supplemented media. This work provides insight into MSCs generation practices for use in basic research and clinical therapies.
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50
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Laitinen A, Oja S, Kilpinen L, Kaartinen T, Möller J, Laitinen S, Korhonen M, Nystedt J. A robust and reproducible animal serum-free culture method for clinical-grade bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Cytotechnology 2015; 68:891-906. [PMID: 25777046 PMCID: PMC4960139 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9841-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient xenofree expansion methods to replace fetal bovine serum (FBS)-based culture methods are strongly encouraged by the regulators and are needed to facilitate the adoption of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapies. In the current study we established a clinically-compliant and reproducible animal serum-free culture protocol for bone marrow-(BM-) MSCs based on an optimized platelet-derived supplement. Our study compared two different platelet-derived supplements, platelet lysate PL1 versus PL2, produced by two different methods and lysed with different amounts of freeze–thaw cycles. Our study also explored the effect of a low oxygen concentration on BM-MSCs. FBS-supplemented BM-MSC culture served as control. Growth kinetics, differentiation and immunomodulatory potential, morphology, karyotype and immunophenotype was analysed. Growth kinetics in long-term culture was also studied. Based on the initial results, we chose to further process develop the PL1-supplemented culture protocol at 20 % oxygen. The results from 11 individual BM-MSC batches expanded in the chosen condition were consistent, yielding 6.60 × 109 ± 4.74 × 109 cells from only 20 ml of bone marrow. The cells suppressed T-cell proliferation, displayed normal karyotype and typical MSC differentiation potential and phenotype. The BM-MSCs were, however, consistently HLA-DR positive when cultured in platelet lysate (7.5–66.1 %). We additionally show that culture media antibiotics and sterile filtration of the platelet lysate can be successfully omitted. We present a robust and reproducible clinically-compliant culture method for BM-MSCs based on platelet lysate, which enables high quantities of HLA-DR positive MSCs at a low passage number (p2) and suitable for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Laitinen
- Research and Cell Therapy Services, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, 00310, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Sofia Oja
- Research and Cell Therapy Services, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, 00310, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lotta Kilpinen
- Research and Cell Therapy Services, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, 00310, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tanja Kaartinen
- Research and Cell Therapy Services, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, 00310, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Möller
- Research and Cell Therapy Services, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, 00310, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saara Laitinen
- Research and Cell Therapy Services, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, 00310, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Korhonen
- Research and Cell Therapy Services, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, 00310, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Nystedt
- Research and Cell Therapy Services, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, 00310, Helsinki, Finland
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