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Abd Rashid M, Chenshen L, Ee Hwan AK, AlSaeedy H, Mok PL, Subbiah SK, Isa HM, Yong TK, Nizam Harun MH, B S Mohamad SMS, Min Hwei AN, Luu CD, Catherine Bastion ML. Rescue of photoreceptor with human mesenchyme stem cell and human mesenchyme stem cell expressing erythropoietin in total degeneration of retina animal model. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:921-929. [PMID: 35225544 PMCID: PMC9114553 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_472_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of human-derived umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HDUMSC) and human-derived umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells expressing erythropoietin (HDUMSC-EPO) to rescue total degenerated retina in a rat model. Methods: The study included four treatment groups, namely negative control using normal saline (HBSS) injection, positive control using sodium iodide 60 mg/kg (SI), SI treated with HDUMSC, and SI treated with HDUMSC-EPO given via subretinal and intravenous routes, to test the efficacy of retinal regeneration following SI-induced retinal degeneration. Retinal function in both phases was tested via electroretinography (ERG) and histological staining examining the outer nuclear layer (ONL). Results: There was a statistically significant result (P < 0.05) in the SI treated with HDUMSC-EPO only when comparing day 11 (mean = 23.6 μv), day 18 (mean = 25.2 μv), day 26 (mean = 26.3 μv), and day 32 (mean = 28.2 μv) to the b-wave ERG on day 4 rescue injection day (mean = 12.5 μv). The SI treated with HDUMSC-EPO showed significant improvement in b-wave ERG readings in the Sprague–Dawley (SD) rat but did not restore baseline readings prior to degeneration (day 0). Both treated groups’ ONL thicknesses did not show significant changes compared to the negative control group (HBSS) following rescue therapy. Conclusion: Total retinal degeneration following intravenous SI injection was observed at 60 mg/kg. SI treated with HDUMSC and HDUMSC-EPO showed no regenerative potential compared to baseline in SI-induced total retina degeneration on ERG or histology, whereas SI treated with HDUMSC-EPO group showed a substantial increase in b-wave ERG amplitude over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munirah Abd Rashid
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Medical Centre, Sakaka, Al-Jawf Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lam Chenshen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Medical Centre, Sakaka, Al-Jawf Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Avin Koh Ee Hwan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jawf Province, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Hiba AlSaeedy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Pooi Ling Mok
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jawf Province, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Suresh Kumar Subbiah
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia; Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Hazlita Md Isa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Medical Centre, Sakaka, Al-Jawf Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Then Kong Yong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Medical Centre; Brighton Healthcare, UKM Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hairul Nizam Harun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Medical Centre, Sakaka, Al-Jawf Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Mohamed Suhail B S Mohamad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Medical Centre, Sakaka, Al-Jawf Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Angela Ng Min Hwei
- Tissue Engineering Centre, UKM Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur,, Malaysia
| | - Chi D Luu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mae-Lynn Catherine Bastion
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Medical Centre, Sakaka, Al-Jawf Province, Saudi Arabia
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Ding SSL, Subbiah SK, Khan MSA, Farhana A, Mok PL. Empowering Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Ocular Degenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1784. [PMID: 30974904 PMCID: PMC6480671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been employed in numerous pre-clinical and clinical settings for various diseases. MSCs have been used in treating degenerative disorders pertaining to the eye, for example, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa, diabetic retinopathy, and optic neuritis. Despite the known therapeutic role and mechanisms of MSCs, low cell precision towards the targeted area and cell survivability at tissue needing repair often resulted in a disparity in therapeutic outcomes. In this review, we will discuss the current and feasible strategy options to enhance treatment outcomes with MSC therapy. We will review the application of various types of biomaterials and advances in nanotechnology, which have been employed on MSCs to augment cellular function and differentiation for improving treatment of visual functions. In addition, several modes of gene delivery into MSCs and the types of associated therapeutic genes that are important for modulation of ocular tissue function and repair will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Suet Lee Ding
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Suresh Kumar Subbiah
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammed Safwan Ali Khan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
| | - Aisha Farhana
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, P.O. Box 2014, Aljouf Province, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Pooi Ling Mok
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, P.O. Box 2014, Aljouf Province, Saudi Arabia.
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3
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Shirley Ding SL, Leow SN, Munisvaradass R, Koh EH, Bastion MLC, Then KY, Kumar S, Mok PL. Revisiting the role of erythropoietin for treatment of ocular disorders. Eye (Lond) 2016; 30:1293-1309. [PMID: 27285322 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2016.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone conventionally thought to be responsible only in producing red blood cells in our body. However, with the discovery of the presence of EPO and EPO receptors in the retinal layers, the EPO seems to have physiological roles in the eye. In this review, we revisit the role of EPO in the eye. We look into the biological role of EPO in the development of the eye and the physiologic roles that it has. Apart from that, we seek to understand the mechanisms and pathways of EPO that contributes to the therapeutic and pathological conditions of the various ocular disorders such as diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, optic neuritis, and retinal detachment. With these understandings, we discuss the clinical applications of EPO for treatment of ocular disorders, modes of administration, EPO formulations, current clinical trials, and its future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Shirley Ding
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S N Leow
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - R Munisvaradass
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - E H Koh
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M L C Bastion
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K Y Then
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - P L Mok
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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4
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Parreno J, Delve E, Andrejevic K, Paez-Parent S, Wu PH, Kandel R. Efficient, Low-Cost Nucleofection of Passaged Chondrocytes. Cartilage 2016; 7:82-91. [PMID: 26958320 PMCID: PMC4749754 DOI: 10.1177/1947603515609399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleofection of chondrocytes has been shown to be an adequate method of transfection. Using Amaxa's nucleofection system, transfection efficiencies up to 89% were achievable for vector (pmaxGFP) and 98% for siRNA (siGLO) into passaged chondrocytes. However, such methods rely on costly commercial kits with proprietary reagents limiting its use in basic science labs and in clinical translation. Bovine-passaged chondrocytes were plated in serum reduced media conditionsand then nucleofected using various in laboratory-produced buffers. Cell attachment, confluency, viability, and transfection efficiency was assessed following nucleofection. For each parameter the buffers were scored and a final rank for each buffer was determined. Buffer denoted as 1M resulted in no significant difference for cell attachment, confluency, and viability as compared to non-nucleofected controls. Nucleofection in 1M buffer, in the absence of DNA vectors, resulted in increased col2, ki67, ccnd1 mRNA levels, and decreased col1 mRNA levels at 4 days of culture. Flow cytometry revealed that the transfection efficiency of 1M buffer was comparable to that obtained using the Amaxa commercial kit. siRNA designed against lamin A/C resulted in an average reduction of lamin A and C proteins to 19% and 8% of control levels, respectively. This study identifies a cost-effective, efficient method of nonviral nucleofection of bovine-passaged chondrocytes using known buffer formulations. Human-passaged chondrocytes could also be successfully nucleofected in 1M buffer. Thus this method should facilitate cost-efficient gene targeting of cells used for articular cartilage repair in a research setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Parreno
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Insitute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Delve
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Insitute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katarina Andrejevic
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Insitute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Po-han Wu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Insitute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rita Kandel
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Insitute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Rita Kandel, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada.
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5
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Mok PL, Cheong SK, Leong CF, Chua KH, Ainoon O. Human mesenchymal stromal cells could deliver erythropoietin and migrate to the basal layer of hair shaft when subcutaneously implanted in a murine model. Tissue Cell 2012; 44:249-56. [PMID: 22560724 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are an attractive cell-targeting vehicle for gene delivery. MIDGE (an acronym for Minimalistic, Immunologically Defined Gene Expression) construct is relatively safer than the viral or plasmid expression system as the detrimental eukaryotic and prokaryotic gene and sequences have been eliminated. The objective of this study was to test the ability of the human MSC (hMSC) to deliver the erythropoietin (EPO) gene in a nude mice model following nucleofection using a MIDGE construct. hMSC nucleofected with MIDGE encoding the EPO gene was injected subcutaneously in Matrigel at the dorsal flank of nude mice. Subcutaneous implantation of nucleofected hMSC resulted in increased hemoglobin level with presence of human EPO in the peripheral blood of the injected nude mice in the first two weeks post-implantation compared with the control groups. The basal layer of the hair shaft in the dermal layer was found to be significantly positive for immunohistochemical staining of a human EPO antibody. However, only a few basal layers of the hair shaft were found to be positively stained for CD105. In conclusion, hMSC harboring MIDGE-EPO could deliver and transiently express the EPO gene in the nude mice model. These cells could be localized to the hair follicle and secreted EPO protein might have possible role in hair regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Mok
- PPUKM-MAKNA Cancer Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Yang C, Ji L, Yue W, Shi SS, Wang RY, Li YH, Xie XY, Xi JF, He LJ, Nan X, Pei XT. Human fetal liver stromal cells expressing erythropoietin promote hematopoietic development from human embryonic stem cells. Cell Reprogram 2012; 14:88-97. [PMID: 22313114 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2011.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood cells transfusion and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) transplantation are important methods for cell therapy. They are widely used in the treatment of incurable hematological disorder, infectious diseases, genetic diseases, and immunologic deficiency. However, their availability is limited by quantity, capacity of proliferation and the risk of blood transfusion complications. Recently, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have been shown to be an alternative resource for the generation of hematopoietic cells. In the current study, we describe a novel method for the efficient production of hematopoietic cells from hESCs. The stable human fetal liver stromal cell lines (hFLSCs) expressing erythropoietin (EPO) were established using the lentiviral system. We observed that the supernatant from the EPO transfected hFLSCs could induce the hESCs differentiation into hematopoietic cells, especially erythroid cells. They not only expressed fetal and embryonic globins but also expressed the adult-globin chain on further maturation. In addition, these hESCs-derived erythroid cells possess oxygen-transporting capacity, which indicated hESCs could generate terminally mature progenies. This should be useful for ultimately developing an animal-free culture system to generate large numbers of erythroid cells from hESCs and provide an experimental model to study early human erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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7
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Vargas AE, Markoski MM, Cañedo AD, da Silva FH, Nardi NB. Genetic modification of mesenchymal stem cells. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 879:479-90. [PMID: 22610578 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-815-3_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are currently considered the most promising type of adult stem cells for therapeutic applications, because they can be easily isolated from the bone marrow and other tissues, and manipulated for different applications. The genetic transformation of MSC using genes that enhance their homing ability, as well as their proliferation and survival capacities when transplanted to sites of injury, is an important alternative to improve MSC function, especially for tissue regeneration. This chapter describes protocols for the transformation of MSC using plasmid vectors by lipofection and electroporation, as well as retroviral vectors representing viral transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia Escosteguy Vargas
- Laboratório de Cardiologia Molecular e Celular, Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Extended and stable gene expression via nucleofection of MIDGE construct into adult human marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. Cytotechnology 2011; 64:203-16. [PMID: 22160354 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-011-9413-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSC) is a potential target for cell and gene therapy-based approaches against a variety of different diseases. Whilst cationic lipofection has been widely experimented, the Nucleofector technology is a relatively new non-viral transfection method designed for primary cells and hard-to-transfect cell lines. Herein, we compared the efficiency and viability of nucleofection with cationic lipofection, and used the more efficient transfection method, nucleofection, to deliver a construct of minimalistic, immunologically defined gene expression encoding the erythropoietin (MIDGE-EPO) into hMSC. MIDGE construct is relatively safer than the viral and plasmid expression systems as the detrimental eukaryotic and prokaryotic gene and sequences have been eliminated. Using a plasmid encoding the luciferase gene, we demonstrated a high transfection efficiency using the U-23 (21.79 ± 1.09%) and C-17 (5.62 ± 1.09%) pulsing program in nucleofection. The cell viabilities were (44.93 ± 10.10)% and (21.93 ± 5.72)%, respectively 24 h post-nucleofection. On the other hand, lipofection treatment only yielded less than 0.6% efficiencies despite showing higher viabilities. Nucleofection did not affect hMSC renewability, immunophenotype and differentiation potentials. Subsequently, we nucleofected MIDGE-EPO using the U-23 pulsing program into hMSC. The results showed that, despite a low nucleofection efficiency with this construct, the EPO protein was stably expressed in the nucleofected cells up to 55 days when determined by ELISA or immunocytochemical staining. In conclusion, nucleofection is an efficient non-viral transfection approach for hMSC, which when used in conjunction with a MIDGE construct, could result in extended and stable transgene expression in hMSC.
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Nam HY, Lee Y, Lee M, Shin SK, Kim TI, Kim SW, Bull DA. Erythropoietin gene delivery using an arginine-grafted bioreducible polymer system. J Control Release 2011; 157:437-44. [PMID: 22062693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) plays a key regulatory role in the formation of new red blood cells (RBCs). Erythropoietin may also have a role as a therapeutic agent to counteract ischemic injury in neural, cardiac and endothelial cells. One of the limitations preventing the therapeutic application of EPO is its short half-life. The goal of this study was to develop a gene delivery system for the prolonged and controlled release of EPO. The arginine grafted bioreducible polymer (ABP) and its PEGylated version, ABP-PEG10, were utilized to study the expression efficiency and therapeutic effectiveness of this erythropoietin gene delivery system in vitro. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) modification of the ABP was employed to inhibit the particle aggregation resulting from the interactions between cationic polyplexes and the negatively charged proteins typically present in serum. Both the ABP and the ABP-PEG10 carriers demonstrated efficient transfection and long-term production of EPO in a variety of cell types. The expressed EPO protein stimulated hematopoietic progenitor cells to form significant numbers of cell colonies in vitro. These data confirm that this EPO gene delivery system using a bioreducible polymeric carrier, either ABP or ABP-PEG 10, merits further testing as a potential therapeutic modality for a variety of clinically important disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Yeong Nam
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, United States
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10
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Rao RR, He J, Leach JK. Biomineralized composite substrates increase gene expression with nonviral delivery. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 94:344-54. [PMID: 20186740 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Current strategies to enhance gene transfer have focused on the development of vectors to increase the efficiency of DNA delivery. However, the extracellular matrix and microenvironment have a profound impact on numerous cellular activities including spreading and proliferation; two processes that have been associated with gene transfer efficiency. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the presence of a biomineralized coating on biodegradable substrates would affect transgene expression following nonviral gene delivery. Thin films were prepared from polymeric microspheres, while biomineralized films were fabricated from microspheres previously soaked in modified simulated body fluid. Mineralized films were significantly more rigid and had widespread mineral coverage compared with nonmineralized substrates. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were cultured on biomineralized or nonmineralized films and transfected with plasmid DNA condensed with linear polyethyleneimine (PEI). Compared with cells transfected on nonmineralized films, increases in gene expression were detected in the presence of biomineral at all charge ratios examined. We observed increased uptake of both PEI and DNA by cells on mineralized films. The results of these studies offer an approach to modulate gene delivery and improve the potential benefit of nonviral gene delivery approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameshwar R Rao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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11
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Structural instability of plasmid biopharmaceuticals: challenges and implications. Trends Biotechnol 2009; 27:503-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 06/11/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Campeau PM, Rafei M, François M, Birman E, Forner KA, Galipeau J. Mesenchymal stromal cells engineered to express erythropoietin induce anti-erythropoietin antibodies and anemia in allorecipients. Mol Ther 2008; 17:369-72. [PMID: 19088705 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2008.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been successfully used for the delivery of erythropoietin (EPO) in murine models of anemia and myocardial infarction. For clinical applications where a transient effect would be adequate, such as myocardial infarction, the use of EPO-engineered universal donor allogeneic MSCs would be a substantial convenience. We thus investigated whether MSCs from C57BL/6 mice would permit robust transient EPO delivery in normal BALB/c allorecipients. Implantation of MSCs overexpressing murine EPO led to increases in hematocrit in syngeneic and allogeneic mice, but the latter eventually developed severe anemia due to acquired neutralizing anti-EPO antibodies. As MSCs constitutively produce the CCL2 chemokine which may behave as an adjuvant to the anti-EPO immune response, experiments were performed using EPO-engineered MSCs derived from CCL2(-/-) mice and similar results were obtained. In conclusion, MHC-mismatched MSCs can break the tolerance to autoantigens and lead to the development of pathogenic autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe M Campeau
- The Montreal Center for Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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